CLOSING THE CARBON CYCLE BY CO2 UTILISATION

Q I A N Z H U

9 T H I N T E R N A T I O N A L F R E I B E R G C O N F E R E N C E O N I G C C & X T L T E C H N O L O G I E S

3 - 8 J U N E 2 0 1 8 , B E R L I N , G E R M A N Y

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Q I A N Z H U

Senior analyst and author at the IEA Clean Coal Centre

CO• 2 utilisation options

Current state of CCU technologies•

Environmental impacts of the CCU•

Key messages•

CO 2 UTILISATION OPTIONS

Direct utilisation•enhanced oil and gas recovery (EOR/EGR)•

beverage carbonation•

in greenhouses to enhance plant growth•

wastewater treatment, cleaning agent, •solvent, fire retardant, etc.

Indirect utilisation•CO• 2 to fuels and chemicals

CO• 2 co-polymerisation

Mineralisation•

Algae• -based fuels and chemicals

(www.netl.doe.gov/research/coal/carbon-capture/co2-use-and-reuse)

TECHNOLOGY PATHWAYS

Electrochemical conversion•

Photocatalytic/photothermal catalytic •conversion, photosythesis

Catalytic conversion•

Bioconversion (using microbes and •enzymes)

Polymerisation•

Mineral carbonation•

(Mennicken and others, 2016)

Dream Production Project (Mennicken and others, 2016)

CONVERSION OF CO 2 TO FUELS AND CHEMICALS̶ ELECTROCHEMICAL CONVERSION

DNV’s ECFORM reactor(Agarwal and others, 2011)

HZI-ETOGAS(www.hz-inova.com)

Blue Crude production (www.sunfire.de)

CONVERSION OF CO 2 TO FUELS AND CHEMICALS̶ PHOTOCHEMICAL CONVERSION

Counter-Rotating-Ring Receiver/Reactor/Recuperator (CR5) of the ‘Sunshine to Petrol’ (S2P) reactor (Miller and others, 2016)

Different configurations for a solar reactor (Kho and others, 2017)

CONVERSION OF CO 2 TO FUELS AND CHEMICALS̶ CATALYTIC CONVERSION

Carbon Engineering’s Air to Fuels (A2F)Process (http://carbonengineering.com)(http://carbonengineering.com)

Carbon Recycling International’s George Olah

CO2 to CH4 Plant (http://carbonrecycling.is)

CONVERSION OF CO 2 TO FUELS AND CHEMICALS̶ BIOCONVERSION

LanzaTech’s biological gas fermentation process(http://www.lanzatech.com/)

E. coli discovered by the University of Dundee that can convert CO2 to formic acid(www.dundee.ac.uk/news/2018/a-biological-solution-to-carbon-capture-and-recycling.php)

CO 2 MINERALISATION

CarbonCure’s CO2 concrete curing process at work (http://carboncure.com/technology/)

Cambridge Carbon Capture’s CO2LOC technology (http://cacaca.co.uk)

Carbon8 Systems’ ACT plant in commercial operation to produce carbon-negative aggregate (http://c8a.co.uk/)

CO 2 COPOLYMERISATION

CO2 instead of crude oil: Covestro’s newly opened 5,000 t/y plant in Dormagen, Germany that incorporates 20% CO2 into a foam component (www.covestro.com)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE CCU̶ L IFE CYCLE ANALYSIS (LCA)

Comparison of global warming potential of different CCU options by Cuéllar-Franca and Azapagic (2015)

LCA of CO2 cured concrete produced using CarbonCureprocess (Monkman and MacDonald, 2017)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE CCU̶ POTENTIAL CO 2 MARKET

the potential anthropogenic CO• 2 supply could reach over 12.7 Gt/y

the current global annual CO• 2 consumption is estimated to be 222.5 to 299 Mt CO2/y

the potential CO• 2 demand in the near-term of up to 10 years is estimated to be ≤300 Mt/y, and 650-700 Mt/y by 2050

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE CCU̶ CCU’S ROLE IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION

CCU is the key element to transform the current linear economy to a •circular carbon economy

CCU enables the move of chemical and energy industry towards low• -carbon production that reduce CO2 emissions sustainably

CCU presents expanded options and reduced costs for climate change •mitigation

CCU can help to • accelerate the uptake of CCS by offsetting the costs

KEY MESSAGES

CCU provides routs to use CO• 2 to substitute fossil fuels and introduce renewable energy into the production processes, allowing transformation of manufacturing industry to new sustainable production systems at minimal costs

CCU should form part of an overall strategy to mitigate climate change, •along with improved efficiency, curtailed consumption, expansion of renewable energy use and CCS

CCU technologies are rapidly advancing with some are already in •commercial operation and more are emerging in the commercial market. In a short-to-medium-term, CCU will continue its progression, especially in areas that are technologically more advanced such as CO2-derived polymers, CO2 carbonation and methanol production

In the long term, CCU will become a key element in a circular carbon •economy with sustainable, low-carbon chemical and energy production

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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