Los PerfectosLos Perfectos

Parte 1Parte 1El Presente PerfectoEl Presente Perfecto

¿Qué significa?

I have spoken They have drawn

El Presente Perfecto

He Has Ha Hemos Habéis Han

I have You have He/She/It has We Have You all have They, You all have

All perfect verb tenses require two parts:

HABER (conjugated)= To have

…and a PAST PARTICIPLE Hablar Comer Dormir

Hablado Comido Dormido

A past participle is formed by removing the ending of the verb and adding

– Spoken

– Eaten

– Slept

-ADO or -IDO

Participles are VERB CONJUGATIONS; therefore they never change their endings to agree.

¿Cómo?

Una forma de haber es primero un verbo en la forma de un participio es segundo

Haber + verbo & ado / idoYo he venido.

Tú has buscado.And, although they may look funny, the following are

regular forms: Ido Sido

Just for your info…

You’ve been using past participles for a long time, but as adjectives.

Cansado- tired (cansar) Casado- married (casar) Divertido- fun (divertirse) Ocupado- busy (ocuparse)

Adjective Past Participle

Estoy cansada. He cansado.I am tired. I have tired.

All Together Now…

He

Has

Ha

Hemos

Habéis

Han

I have danced

You have earned

He/She has enjoyed

We have gone

You all have eaten

They/You all have drank

bailado

ganado

divertido

ido

comido

bebido

bailar

ganar

divertir

ir

comer

beber

Is there more?

Of course there is. There are always irregulars but let’s skip that for now and talk about when and how you use the…

Present Perfect

So, when do you use it?Ejemplos:

Has comido el desayuno?

Have you eaten?

No, todavía no he comido.

No, I haven’t eaten yet.

Ha llegado Jaime?

Has James arrived?

Sí, llegó hace una hora.

Yes, he arrived an hour ago.

The Present Perfect is used to describe actions or events that have or have not happened.

These actions and events began in the past and continue up to and into the present:

Estudié mucho. He estudiado mucho.

I studied a lot. I have studied a lot.

Implies that studying Implies that studying has not

has stopped. stopped.

Try these sentences (remember, it takes two words to form this verb tense): (click for answers)

We haven’t skied this winter.

He has never learned to say no.

No hemos esquiado este invierno.

Él nunca ha aprendido a decir no.

Abrir Descubrir Escribir Ver Poner Volver Morir Romper Decir Hacer

Abierto Descubierto Escrito Visto Puesto Vuelto Muerto Roto Dicho Hecho

So, now for the irregulars…

returned

written

died

put

brokenseen

openeddiscovered

said

done

vuelto

dicho

escrito

visto

roto

puestohecho

muerto descubierto

abierto

A minor technicality… When you add –ado or –ido to a verb that

ends in a double vowel, you will need to remember an accent:

Oír- oído

Traer- traído

Leer- leído

Construir- construído

Last but not least…FAQ’sQ: What do you do when you have object pronouns like me, te, le, nos,

les, los, las, se etc?A: That’s easy. Put them all IN FRONT of the verb group. Don’t ever

place anything between the two or at the end.Example: ¿Te has divertido este año? Sí, me he divertido mucho.

Q: Where do you put “no”?A: That’s easy too. Put it in front of the verb group. Don’t ever place

anything between the two parts of the verb.Example: ¿Has visto la nueva película? No, no la he visto todavía.

Q: What’s the difference between “tener”and “haber”?A: Tener is “to have”as in possession of something. Haber is an

auxilary verb that is only used in conjunction with a past participle.Example: Paco tiene un coche rojo pero no ha aprendido a manejarlo.

Paco has a red car but hasn’t learned how to drive it.

Why haven’t you called him?

The Chargers haven’t won all year.

How many times have I told you?

¿Por qué no lo has llamado?

Los Charges no han ganado este año.

¿Cuántas veces te he dicho?

La lección ha terminado.Uds. han aprendido muchísimo.

¡Ya tenemos que continuar a aprender más! Página 64

Caracas ha cambiado mucho. Caracas has changed a lot.

Mucha gente ha venido de fuera. Many people have come from outside.

La contaminación del aire ha empeorado bastante.

The contamination of the air has worsened quite a bit.

Puntos de vista… Página 66

Son buenos los adelantos tecnológicos pero ten en cuenta que la tecnología no lo resuelve todo.

…keep in mind that… Me imagino que los adelantos nos ayudan

mucho. I imagine that…

Lo que noto es que ahora hay más estrés en la vida.

That which I notice is that…

Ya continuamos con los puntos de vista…

Me parece que los adelantos mejoran la calidad de nuestra vida.

It seems to me that… Se me hace que tenemos que usar el trasnporte

público más. It seems to me that…

Lo que es importante es tener cuidado con la tecnología.

That which is important is + infinitive

Por fin… lo demás de las expresiones. Creo que vale la pena encontrar nuevas

tecnologías. I believe that it’s worth the pain

(inconvenience) + infinitive… Es cierto que hay ventajas, pero por otro lado

hay desventajas también. It’s true that… but on the other hand…