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Los mandatosformales y plurales
con pronombres
Types of Commands
Lets start with commands. There are two different types of commands, formal commands and informal commands. Formal commands are for people that you don’t know very well. Informal commands are for people you know well. For each type of command there are affirmative and negative commands, both using separate rules. Always use formal commands when in doubt.
Formal Commands
Formal commands are for people you don’t know well. The Spanish subjects that are used for these commands are:
• Usted
• Ustedes
Affirmative Formal Commands
There are three easy steps to remember:
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
Example:
Verb: Nadar –to swim Subject: Usted
1. Nado
2. Nad-o+e
3. ¡Nade!
Negative Formal Commands
The first three steps are the same as affirmative commands but with one simple step added at the end
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Place no before the verb
Example:
Verb: Bailar –to dance Subject: Ustedes
1. Bailo
2. Bail-o+e+n
3. Bailen
4. ¡No bailen!
Commands with Pronouns
There are 3 different types of pronouns that our Spanish II class uses: Indirect Object Pronouns, Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive pronouns. All have VERY similar steps to follow with the formal and informal commands.
Remind me: What are reflexive pronouns?
Reflexive pronouns are used to say a verb acts on the subject.
Example:
I brush my hair.
You brush your hair.
Paco brushes his hair.
The verb acts on all of the subjects.
Reflexive Pronouns
Yo Me Nos Nosotros
Tú Te Os Vosotros
Usted Se Se Ustedes
Él Se Se Ellos
Ella Se Se Ellas
Example:-I shower at 5:30.
Yo me ducho a las cinco y media.-We dress at 8:00.
Nosotros nos vestimos a las ocho.
Reflexive Pronouns with Formal Commands
The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end:
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Add the reflexive pronoun “se” to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Example:
Verb: Dormirse –to sleep Subject: Usted
1. Duermo 4. Duermase
2. Duerm-o+a 5. ¡Duérmase!
3. Duerma
Affirmative
With affirmative commands (+), pronouns MUST be attached to the command!!!
Reflexive Pronouns with Formal Commands
The first three steps are the same:
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Put no and se in front of the verb
5. Example:
Verb: Ducharse –to take a shower Subject: Ustedes
1. Ducho 4. ¡No se duchen!
2. Duch-o+e+n
3. Duchen
Negative
With negative commands (-), pronouns CANNOT be attached and must be separate words.
Direct Object Pronouns
Direct object pronouns are used to take the place of things. The object is directly affected by the verb.
These are the direct object pronouns:
Me Us
me nos
You You (plural-España)
te os
It/Him/Her Them
lo los
la las
These always come before the command (for negative) or attached to the command (for affirmative).
Examples (Uds.):
-Read books! ¡Léanlos!
-Don’t read books! ¡No los lean!
-Listen to music! ¡Escúchenla!
-Don’t listen to music! ¡No la escuchen!
Direct Object Pronouns with Formal Commands
The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end:
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Add the direct object pronoun to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Example:
Verb: Lavar –to wash (Wash it) Subject: Usted
1. Lavo 4. Lavelo
2. Lav-o+e 5. ¡Lávelo!
3. Lave
Affirmative
Direct Object Pronouns with Formal Commands
The first three steps are the same:
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Put no and the direct object in front of the verb
5. Example:
Verb: Beber –to drink (Drink it) Subject: Ustedes
1. Bebo 4. ¡No lo beban!
2. Beb-o+a+n
3. Beban
Negative
Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect object pronouns are used to show who receives the action of the verb. For example: I bake cookies for the students (them). The IOP=the students (them). They answer 1 of 2 questions: To whom? For whom?
These are the indirect object pronouns:
me nos
te os
le les
These are the pronouns that you used when you learned GUSTAR originally.
These always come before the command (for negative) or attached to the command (for affirmative).
Examples (in Uds. form):
-Read to us! ¡Léannos!
-Don’t call (to) them! ¡No les llamen!
-Turn the homework in to me! ¡Entréguenme la tarea!
-Don’t listen to him! ¡No le escuchen!
Indirect Object Pronouns with Formal Commands
Affirmative
The first three steps are the same:
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Put no and the indirect object in front of the verb
5. Example:
Verb: Enseñarles–to teach (to) them Subject: Usted
1. Enseño 4. ¡ Enséñeles!
2. Enseñ –o +e
3. Enseñe
Indirect Object Pronouns with Formal Commands
Negative
The first three steps are the same:
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Put no and the indirect object in front of the verb
5. Example:
Verb: No darles de comer–Don’t feed them Subject: Usted
1. Dé (irregular)
2. No + dé
3. No + les + dé
4. ¡No les dé de comer!
ReviewFormal Commands
Affirmative
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Add the pronoun to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Negative
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
-ar e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Place no and the pronoun before the verb
Informal CommandsAffirmative
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add the third person ending
-ar a -er/ir e
4. Add the pronoun to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Negative
1. Conjugate for yo
2. Drop the “o”
3. Add these endings:
-ares -er/iras
4. Place no and the pronunbefore the verb
Common Irregulars
Ud.; Uds.
Dé; Den (DAR)
Esté; estén (ESTAR)
Vaya; vayan (IR)
Sepa; sepan (SABER)
Sea; sean (SER)
Vea; vean (VER)
Tú
Da (DAR)
Di (DECIR)
Haz (HACER)
Pon (PONER)
Sal (SALIR)
Sé (SER)
Ten (TENER)
Ve (IR)
Ven (VENIR)
Quiz:
Use (in)direct object pronouns or reflexive pronouns with commands to write sentences.
1. Tell your coworker to sweep the floor.(el piso=lo)
¡Bárralo!
2. Tell your friends to eat the tapas.
¡Cómanlas!
3. Tell your teacher not to fall asleep in class.(dormirse enclase-(o-ue))
¡No se duerma en clase!
4. Tell your parents’ friends to sit down please. (sentarse: (e-ie))
¡Siéntense por favor!
5. Tell the stranger not to take the taxi (it). (tomar el taxi)
¡No lo tome!
El fin