Date: 19/05/2011

cÜxÑtÜxw yÉÜ Muhassina Ahmed

Lecturer of

City University

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NameNameNameName IDIDIDID

01010101 Faysal IslamFaysal IslamFaysal IslamFaysal Islam 09322015093220150932201509322015

02020202 Shahriar AlShahriar AlShahriar AlShahriar Al----SehabSehabSehabSehab 09322131093221310932213109322131

03030303 Sumon MiahSumon MiahSumon MiahSumon Miah 09322121093221210932212109322121

04040404 Mohammad SajibMohammad SajibMohammad SajibMohammad Sajib 09322079093220790932207909322079

05050505 Jalis MahmudJalis MahmudJalis MahmudJalis Mahmud 10123144101231441012314410123144

06060606 Mehedi arifMehedi arifMehedi arifMehedi arif 09322108093221080932210809322108

cÜxÑtÜxw uç

At first I would like to give thanks to our honorable madam who has given the chance to make

an assignment on such kind of important topic….. She also help us by giving some important

data & information those which have done a major job to do this assignment.

We are also very grateful to our classmates, they help us by giving some important links….

Allah might help us to carry on this type of work & for this what we already done

“Alhamdulillah”.

F.Islam

Serial Topic

01 The starting

02 Loom

03 History

04 Classification of loom

05 Difference between hand loom & power loom

06 Why Power loom is used hugely

07 Last word

The starting

The beginning of the journey of human being when they discovered themselves at the same

time they discover many threats of their life. They come to know that without protection they

can’t live. To be save from beast they use fire, to protect their body from harmful condition of

climate & from insects they started to use sinews, leaves, bust of tress etc.

With the time human want to use their cloths for many other reasons too as like-

� Identification

� Protection

� For looking good

� Aristocratic purpose

So, they spend their time to make some improvement in cloth. This effort gives us many

things as like as loom.

Loom

A loom is a device for weaving threads for getting cloth. This machine produces fabric by

interlacing a series of lengthwise, parallel yarns width a series of widthwise parallel yarns. The

development of this machine made cloth much more affordable and available to a greater

number of people.

It is only used for weaving.

History

Weaving is the systematic interlacing of two or more sets of elements usually, but not

necessarily, at right angles, to form a coherent structure. No one knows when or where the

weaving process actually began, but as far back as there are relics of civilized life, it is thought

that weaving was a part of developing civilizations. Because of the perishable nature of textile

goods, information found about the beginning stages of weaving is sketchy, and tracing the

development of textiles is a difficult task and a tremendous challenge. Due to nature's hazards

of erosion, climatic conditions, insects, and fire, few examples of early woven fabrics survived.

Therefore, much of what is written about primitive weaving is based on speculation. There are,

however, certain circumstances under which remnants of fabrics have survived: arid regions,

bog lands, sealed tombs, and extremely cold areas. Because of these artifacts, we are fortunate

to have some examples of early textiles and weaving tools.

The everyday needs of our prehistoric ancestors probably led them to create objects using fiber

as a medium. It is thought that ancient humans instinctively used weaving as an aid in their

quest for basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing. It is not unlikely that people might have

realized the possibilities of the woven structure after observing spider webs, birds' nests, or the

construction of a beaver's dam. These findings probably led to the interlacing of twigs or vines,

and resulted in netting which surely assisted humans in catching fish and trapping game. In

addition, by using twining or braiding techniques, it is likely that primitive people learned to

make mats to cover floors of huts, which helped insulate against dampness or cold. Eventually,

people used weaving skills to make exterior coverings for shelters, so they would be somewhat

protected from harsh weather and/or from predators.

Archeologists believe that basket making and weaving were probably the first "crafts"

developed by humans. Once primitive people learned ways of creating a woven structure, the

possibilities were endless: netting, coverings for huts, containers for goods, carriers for the

young, rugs, blankets, hammocks, pouches, body coverings. Along with our ancestors' ongoing

quest for survival, there is evidence of an unconstrained desire by humans to embellish the

objects created. The use of natural dyes on reeds or the combination of varying sizes and colors

of weaving elements to create patterns, was likely an attempt to express individualism and an

aesthetic sensibility. Human beings naturally have a strong compulsion to be creative, and our

records show that this trait was prevalent in our ancestors' lives thousands of years ago.

Research indicates that cultures on every continent devised crude looms and methods of

making webs, and further study tells that us there was great similarity in the looms constructed

and in the weavings produced.

In 1785, Edmund Cartwright patented the first power loom and set up a factory in Doncaster,

England to manufacture cloth.

Figure: First power loom

Classification of loom

There are mainly 2 types of loom there. These are:

• Hand loom

• Power loom

The whole classification is given bellow.

Vertical loom Frame loom Pit loom

Hand loom Power loom

Loom

Semi-Automatic loom Hater slay

Projectile loom Rapier loom Jet loom

Automatic loom Ordinary loom

Modern / shuttle less loom Conventional/ shuttle loom

Throw shuttle Fly shuttle

Multiphase loom

Rigid Flexible Water jet Air jet Circula

r

Double

Flat

Single Single Double

Throw shuttle Fly shuttle

Difference between hand loom & power loom

Hand loom Power loom

Manual operating system Operated by electric power

Shedding is done by pedal and picking

and beating is done by manual

Shedding picking and beating is done

automatically

Less production High production

Slow running speed High running speed

Initial investment is low Initial investment is high

Less number of design verity Can be

produced

More number of design verity is

possible

Check and stripe fabrics are produced Normally one color fabric is produced.

Why Power loom is used hugely

� High weft insertion rote i.e. higher rate.

� Absence of prin winding.

� Weft supply from large cone of up to 8-9 lb weight.

� Central lubrication system.

� Provide increased weavers productivity by more than 40%.

� Half of over lookers work load.

� Reduction in maintenance cost.

� Reduction in labor cost resulting from elimination of pirn winding & battery filling

through the use of creled, cone/ Cheese for weft supply.

� Reduction immaterial handling generally could be achieved by the use of large beams

and cloth rolls.

� Low power consumption per meter of fabric.

� Reduction in noise level.

� Reduction cost.

� Automatic light indication in case of any kind of fault helps to quickly identify and beat

the fault.

� Motorized warp let-off.

� Automatic pick finding.

� Cam beat-up system.

� Electrical warp weft stops motion.

� Uniform weft tension.

� Unidirectional weft insertion.

� Easy operation of loom.

Because of the hand loom already is out of use we will discuss about power loom only……

………… ……… ……… …………… ………… ………..

Projectile loom

A shuttle-less loom method for filling yarn insertion using a small metal device resembling a

bullet in appearance with a clamp for gripping the yarn at one end, which is then propelled into

and through the shed.

Jet loom

Water jet Loom

A loom using a jet of water to carry the yarn through the shed.

Air Jet Loom

A shuttle less loom capable of very high speeds that uses an air jet to propel the filling yarn

through the shed.

Rapier Loom

The most common loom used for weaving graphite yarn consisting of a blade with a yarn clamp

or grip at one end. In the simplest form the rapier is carried into the shed and across the width

of the fabric.

Multiphase Loom

A shuttle less machine having lifters controlled by electromagnets. Activated by

electromagnets are lifters that, according to the weave pattern, must reside in the upper shed.

The lifter is arranged...

A multi-phase loom with magnetic shuttle features that the spiral reed blade with shuttle path

is used for beating-up, the linear motor is used for wefting, the heald wheel or

electromagnetically excited heald needle is used for opening, and the weft opening with off-line

multi-path asynchronous weft replenishing is used. Its advantages include high efficiency, high

speed and low weaving cost

Last word

Loom is the very first machine of textile technology. For this reason we have to learn this perfectly. We

have to know about its past/present. Then we can make some difference. Because without counting 1,2

can’t come.

This is only a little try for acquiring knowledge. Who knows, how this little thing will be help for us.

But we are waiting to see what will be happen in future………..

THE END