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What is today's lesson about? WORDS/NAMES
PROCESSES
CONCEPTS
Write in front of your book
WORDS/NAMES Star, cloud, mass, gravity, atom, energy supernova, pressure, nebula temperature, fusion
PROCESSES : life of a starGravitational Pull, Nuclear fusion,
Learning Learning IntentioIntentio
nnThe Life of a StarThe Life of a Star
Learning objectivesLearning objectives
All(must)
•Describe how and where a star is born (nuclear fusion)•Explain how long a star lives and how it’s death depends on it’s size
Most(Should)
•Show the process of fusion in the birth of a starShow the process of fusion in the birth of a star
•Distinguish between the death of large and small starsDistinguish between the death of large and small stars
•Relate the size of a star to it’s colourRelate the size of a star to it’s colour
Some(could)
Design a diagram to show the complete life cycle of a star
Saturday 22 April 2023
• Write everything you already know, or want to know about the life of a star
• At the end of a lesson we will review what you have learned and how you learnt it
What I know or want to know How I learned it What I have Learned
Birth of a Star
As gravity gets stronger even bigger more material sucked in, making the gravity EVEN strongerAs gravity increases, so the Temperature and Pressure increase. Then…..Nuclear Fusion Occurs
Gravity is the force that pulls things together. More mass in an object= bigger gravity
Gravity pulls atoms together
The atoms in the middle are together so the mass is bigger, which makes gravity bigger
Mass is even bigger so gravity is bigger
1 2
3
Stars begin in clouds of gas and dust.
Gravity pulls the gas and dust atoms together. This makes the gravitational force even bigger stronger
NebulaGravity- how it changesFusionMain sequence star
Nuclear fusion animation
This shows us what nuclear fusion is and how it works
The centre of an hydrogen atom is positively charged meaning they normally repel each other
In a nebulae gravity starts to bring atoms closer this makes the gravity even bigger. As gravity increases, the atoms get hotter. When they are hot enough the atoms collide and FUSE together this forms a new atom (helium)
The newly formed helium atom has less energy than the hydrogen atoms so there is some energy left over this becomes heat and light energy
Fusion starts to occur at 15 million degrees Celsius. At this temperature the outward Force created by the heat balances out the inward force of gravity and the star becomes stable
1 2
3 4
FUSION
How is a star is born?
Write NINE statements/ideas/facts or information about how a star is born (including the role of gravity and fusion then rank them in order of TIME
WHATWHEREWHENHOWWHY
Start
Main Sequence star
Keywords:Star, cloud, mass, gravity, atom, Energy, fusion, pressure, nebula, temperature, Hydrogen,Helium
The real picture...Once you get outside the earths atmosphere this is what you see
• Stars have Different colours
Which indicate different temperatures
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet
Coolest Hottest
• The hotter a star is, the faster it burns its life away.
• Bigger stars are hotter, so Bigger stars are green blue or violet and do not live as long as small ones
• Typically a hot star will live up to 250 million (quarter of a billion years) The sun will live 1000 million (1 billion) and smaller stars even longer
HOW LONG DO STARS LIVE?
The Life of a Star animation (SIMPLE)
LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR ANIMATION 2
The Death of Sun- sized Stars
After the star has used all of the Hydrogen in its core ...the core collapses, making the star expand.It also causes the star to burn LESS quickly and so it turns red
After the remaining gas in the core is used, The outer layers are expelled as a Planetary At centre of Planetary Nebula lies a White Dwarf.It is the size of the Earth with Mass of the Sun “A ton per teaspoon” This eventually burns out leaving a cold mass or black dwarf
The Death of LARGER stars1) Stars That are much bigger than our sun have a much more violent death.Like smaller stars, they fuse hydrogen into helium. However their gravity is bigger so the helium atoms can also fuse (into other elements like carbon and oxygen). These in turn can fuse into even heavier elements like Silicon and carbon
2) As a red supergiant the core of the massive star will look like a giant onion, with the densest material in the middle and the lowest on top. Each shell of the onion will have some small amount of fusion still going on
STARTS HERE
3) With all this fusion going on there is so much energy that the star becomes unstable and EXPLODES (supernova)
4) The result of a supernova is either a neutron star a black hole or a nebula. If a nebula is formed, it is likely a second smaller star could be formed, with other elements from the cloud forming objects that orbit it. This is most likely how our solar system formed
SUMMARY OF The Life Cycles of Stars
KEYPOINTS
IMPORTANT FACTS
EVIDENCE
SUMMARY
The Life cycle of a Star
TEAM ROLES
1) TEAM LEADER
2) TIMEKEEPER
3) CHECKER/SCRIBE
Webpage Task
You Have been asked to provide the scientific information for a webpage containing information for GCSE students about the Life cycle of the sun.
Connor ECCLESTONE Megan FIELDING Elena PRESTI
Megan BRADBURY Samuel BILLINGTONMollie BALDWIN
Kyle BARNETT Dulcie WOOLLISCROFTHarry BLAKEMAN
Ben MarksTegan HYETT Sulaiman AHMAD
Ben GOODYEARJoshua BARNETT Sinead BOWLES
Jack ArdenRachel JONESMarshall BLUE
Charlie ANDERSON Lois ATTWOOD Jacob FOSTER
Archie BOYCEAlex MASON Chloe Brennan Hopkinson
Alice HOULDCROFT
Homework• From what you have learned in todays
lesson summarise the information by producing a diagram to go on the website that gives the overall life cycle of a star
What’s Left After the Supernova
1) Neutron Star/pulsar (If mass of core < 5 x Solar)
2) Black Hole (If mass of core > 10 x Solar)
3) Nebula -Excess cloud of Hydrogen and Dust
Supernova Remnants: SN1987A
a b
c d
a) Optical - Feb 2000• Illuminating material ejected
from the star thousands of years before the SN
b) Radio - Sep 1999c) X-ray - Oct 1999d) X-ray - Jan 2000• The shock wave from the SN
heating the gas
A Red Giant You Know
Which Brings us Back to ...