Looking at Transportation in New Ways - Hot Chips€¦ · Looking at Transportation in New Ways Burkhard Huhnke VWGoA Electronics Research Lab, Palo Alto CA Hot Chips August 2010

Looking at Transportation in New WaysBurkhard Huhnke VWGoA Electronics Research Lab, Palo Alto CA

Hot Chips August 2010

Global research and development program

Global research and development program

Worldwide collaboration Knowledge network

Teamwork of experts worldwide

Driving innovations

Comparison of concepts

Best solutions in car

4

The ERL is a Bridge

5

The ERL is a Bridge

Silicon Valley Engineering Out-of-the-box thinking

Rapid evolution of ideas

Make do with minimal resources

Borrow technology from other fields

“How can we make this work?”

6

The ERL is a Bridge






Automotive Engineering Focus on safety and manufacturability

A century of in-vehicle experience

Vast test and validation resources

Trusted automotive technology

“Prove that it works in all situations”

7

The ERL is a Bridge






Automotive Engineering Focus on safety and manufacturability

A century of in-vehicle experience

Vast test and validation resources

Trusted automotive technology

“Prove that it works in all situations”

ERL Engineering New, bold ideas and technology

Meeting rigorous automotive requirements

Copyright © 2010 VWGoA Electronics Research Lab

The Electronics Research Lab – Driving The Future



Driver assistance systems



Connected CarDriver assistance systems



Connected Car

Human Machine Interface




Connected Car

Human Machine Interface eMobility development



Global Challenges

Page 13

Lack of space

poor or rich- both have to wait -

... in Los Angeles

... in Dhaka

Challenges for Society

Decreasing energy resources at a rising cost

Increasingly complex traffic situations

Increasing need for safety

Page 16

Challenges of the future

Increasing vehicle segments and different customer requirements

Page 18

Electronics enables new functions but requires a novelinterpretation of usability

VW Beetle in 1949: a historical E/E architecture

Page 19

Page 20

Soft- and hardware evolution

Example: gearbox CPU


The automobile of the future


The automobile of the future



Quelle

: G

dV

, V

W U

nfa

llfo

rsch

ung

Sle

ep

Dis

tra

ctio

n

Med

ica

l rea

sons

Vech

icle

dyn

am

ics

Bet

Ca

r in

fro

nt

Lane-K

eep

ing

Pa

rked

ca

r

Ped

est

ria

ns/

anim

als

Acc

ident

Oth

er

Tech

no

log

y0

5

10

15

20

25

% Mental factors

38%

Incorrect decisions

46%

Unexpected behaviour

11%

Technology

5%

Safety: The Driver as Uncertainty Factor Causes of Fatal Accidents (84% misjudgement)

25

200

300

400

500

600

700

800Fatal accidents

by months

Vehicle SafetyFatal accidents over time (Germany)

Date

n: S

tatistisch

es

Bu

nd

esa

mt

Jan 01 Jan 02 Jan 03 Jan 04 Jan 05 Jan 06 Jan 07 Jan 08Jul 00 Jul 01 Jul 02 Jul 03 Jul 04 Jul 05 Jul 06 Jul 07 Jul 08

Road safety

Fatal accidents over time in Germany

Page 26

adaptivepassenger protection

TimeToday

Seat belt

Rigid passenger compartment

Airbags

Crush zone

Car2xCommunicate

ParkassistHC

ACC

Front Assist

ABSAFS

BASESP

See

Feel

Pa

ssiv

e

safe

tyA

ctiv

e

safe

ty

Side Assist

Vehicle Safety - Potential for Protection

28

Effectivity of current assistance and saftey features

100%(year 2000)

50% EU-target

0%2000 2010 2020

Beyond our control

*Qu

elle

: V

W U

nfa

llfo

rsch

un

g

?

Emergency medical

response*

today

Fatalaccident

29


100%(year 2000)

50% EU-target

0%2000 2010 2020

Beyond control

*Qu

elle

: V

W U

nfa

llfo

rsch

un

g

today

Fatalaccident

Szenario „current safety standard “

With a consequent market distribution of available passive safety technology (Golf platform)

30


Special effects through incentive programs

100%(year 2000)

50% EU-target

0%2000 2010 2020

Beyond control

Qu

elle

: V

W U

nfa

llfo

rsch

un

g

today


Fatalaccident

31

Additional theoretical potential by 20% - with a consequent market distribution of advanced driver assistance systems

100%(year2000)

50% EU-target

2000 2010 2020

Qu

elle

: V

W U

nfa

llfo

rsch

un

g

Heute

Secenario “advanced driver assistance systems“

0%

Beyond control


Fatalaccident


Under-challenging the driver

Simple, monotonous driving tasks E.g.long distance trips, traffic jams

Over-challenging the driver

Complex driving tasks E.g.entering a motorway, turning at intersections etc.

Complexitiy of driving task

Nee

d f

or

su

pp

ort

Ho

w g

oo

d/f

law

less is

the d

river?

Supporting the driver when he/she is in need of assistance

Increasing need for safety

In annoying situations the driver wants assistance:

Autopilot

In critical situations the driver needs assistance:

Safety Angel

informationwarning

assistanceup to automatic accident

avoidance

under defined conditionsspecific situations

selected road sections only

Customer Demands

Short-range radar

Rear camera

Interior sensor

Supersonic

Video camera

Multibeam Laser

Infrared camera

Long-range radar

Sensors: Seeing like an Alert Person

Timeline of Driver Assistance

„Golf 53“

„Intelligent Car“

Intelligent

„Junior“

Building Block of Technologies

Driving at the limits of physics Driving in unknown terrain Driving according to traffic regulations

Driving strategy Complex environment

„Stanley“ Vehicle dynamics Track coordination

Drifting algortithm High speed

„Pikes Peak TTS“

„Car to X“

Expanding the horizon Predict danger

Recognition of environment Locating Trajectory

C:/Dokumente und Einstellungen/emagzal/Lokale Einstellungen/Temporary Internet Files/Lokale Einstellungen/Temporary Internet Files/01-HA-Info/Praesentationen-Veroeffentlichungen/2007-12-06-Autom-Fahren-Salzgitter/video_area_a.mpg

Where is this project located

The pikes peak TTS is a key project at the Volkswagen Automotive Innovation Lab (VAIL) located at Stanford University, an initiative dedicated to promote innovation into automotive technologies.

Driving at the limits of physics (2010)

Drifting algortithm High speed

„Pikes Peak TTS“

Valet Parking (2010)

„Junior“

Driving according to traffic regulations

Driving strategy Complex environment

C:/Dokumente und Einstellungen/emagzal/Lokale Einstellungen/Temporary Internet Files/Lokale Einstellungen/Temporary Internet Files/01-HA-Info/Praesentationen-Veroeffentlichungen/2007-12-06-Autom-Fahren-Salzgitter/video_area_a.mpg


Connected Car

Car to car communication in the past

Potentials of car to car communications

Improving traffic safety

The intersection assistant

Car to x – expanding the horizon

Page 45

Market penetration is a key factor for car2x - technologies

Page 46

Find your parking lot fast

The vision – heterogeneous networks

The Connected Car in a Connected World


Human Machine Interface


Human Machine Interface – texting while driving

Page 51


Human Machine Interface – distracted driving

Page 52

The Future of Human Machine Interfaces

Page 53

Infotainment Evolution

Page 54

Page 55

Integration of online internet services

Page 56

Driver information with backend services

Page 57

Harmonization of world wide ITS standards is mandatory

Page 58

Only integrated systems will provide an acceptable solution

Page 59


eMobility


EVs and HEVs

Page 62


eMobility

Page 63

• Hybrid• Electric

power25 kW+ 7 kW

• BEV• Electric

power25 kW

• Fuel cell• Electric

power45 kW

• BEV• Electric

power17 kW

1991 Study VW Chico

1973 VW electrical bus

2007 Study VW Space Up! blue

1993 VW Golf City Stromer


Drive train and fuel strategy

Page 64

renewable

natural gas

crude oil

electricity

SunFuel®

synthetic

diesel

gasoline

blue-e-motione-tron

TSI/ TFSI

TDI

DSG

twinDRIVE

BlueMotion

Copyright © 2010 VWGoA Electronics Research Lab65

VW Golf

CO2- and energy efficiency (power train) (until 2020)

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Well-to-Wheel Primärenergie (kWh/100 km)

We

ll-t

o-W

he

el C

O2

(g/k

m)

Electrical vehicles - highest potential concerning CO2- & energy efficiency depending on the

energy generation process

B100

Otto, diesel (2020)

FCEV 2020hydrogen (wind energy)

BEV 2020wind energy

90 100 110 120

FCEV 2020hydrogen from electrolysis

(energy mix today)

biofuelSunFuel, IOGEN

E100

Fuel cell 2020 (FCEV)

Electrical vehicle 2020 (BEV)energy mix 2020

Gasoline / diesel (today)


Energy Cost

max.

88

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Natural gas coil nuclear bio Windonshore

Windoffshore

water photovoltaic

co

st

[€c

en

t/k

Wh

]

State of the art 2007 max

State of the art 2007 min

Forecast 2020 maxForecast 2020 min

fossil renewable

- 33%

Energy cost fossil / renewable 2007/2020

Quelle

: Join

t R

esearc

h C

entr

e (

EU

-Kom

mis

sio

n)

2008


electrification

Page 67

Mild hybrid Electrical vehicleCombustion engine

Full hybrid Plug-in hybrid

• start/stop system • recuperation

• Up!• 1.2 l 77 kW TSI • Touareg Hybrid • Golf twinDRIVE


Energy storage: technologies and requirements

Page 71

Energy storage

Mild Hybrid Electrical vehicle

Combustion engine

Full Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid

• start-stop• recuperation

(boost)

• e - range> 100 km

• Start engine • start-stop• recuperation

(boost)• (e-Drive, 2 km)

• start-stop• recuperation

(boost)• e-Drive, 20 km

5 years 8 - 10 years >10 years

~ 2 kW ~ 6 kW ~ 15 kW ~ 30 kW ~80 kW

12 V < 60 V > 60 V >> 60 V

< 1kWh 1 – 2 kWh 10 – 15 kWh >25 kWh

durability

Electric power

voltage

capacity

TechnologyLead acid

Lithium-Ion

Nickel metal hydride


Cell format

Page 72

High power„100-m“

High energy density„marathon“

• High specific power• low specific energy

• Small cells, thin, porous electrode

Plug-In Hybrid, electrical vehiclesHybrid

capacity: 50 Ahmass/vol: 1.2 kg / 750 cm³energy: 180 Wh (150 Wh/kg)spec. power: 800 W (700 W/kg)

capacity: 5 Ahmass/vol: 0.25 kg, 125 cm³energy: 18 Wh (80 Wh/kg)spec. power: 500 W (> 2.000 W/kg)

+

-

• High specific energy• Low specific power

• big cells, thick, dense electrode

+

-

+

-

+

-


Battery system

Page 73

CPU

EV200 e-box

Battery housing

Liquid cooling

controller

mounting

mounting

AC-charging

Service plug-in

DC-charging

mounting


Volkswagen Group is evaluating several battery concepts

Large Cylindrical

Cells

18650 Cells

Large Prismatic

Cells

Large Pouch

Cells

Performance Vehicles

New City Vehicles

High-volume Production

Vehicles


market and cost – li Ion cells

NiMH

NiCd

Li-Ion

statusconsumer celltoday mass production

2007: 2,6 Mrd. cells 13 GWh

forecastautomotive cells

series production 2010, mass production 2015

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Li-Ion

NiMH Hybrid

300 $/kWh / 190 €/kWh for consumer 18650-cells

0 -

250 -

500 -

750 -

1000 -

Cost E

uro

/ k

Wh

Exchange rate1,50 USD = 1 €

€/kWh

Quellen: METI-Roadmap, AABC,


Challenge: charging time

electricity

Three-phase: 10 kW

Gasoline

Pump nozzle: 27.000 kW

(~ 50 l/min)

→ 1 minute = 1000 km driving range

vs.→ 1 minute charging = 1 km

driving range


concept Golf!

Vehicle data

Vehicle weight 1545 kg** 205 kg more than Golf Blue Motion TDI with DSG

Dimensions L/ B/ H 4199/ 1786/ 1480 mmGearbox EQ 210 (1-Gang-Getriebe)

Maximum speed 135 km/hAcceleration (0-100) 11,8 selektr. Driving range up to 150 kilometer

Power train

E-motor 85 kW / 115 PSbattery 26,5 kWh (Li-Ion)voltage 324 Vtorque 270 Nm

Thank you for your attention!

Pikes Peak TTS: „Autonomous Hill Climbing“

Documents

Looking at Transportation in New Ways - Hot Chips€¦ · Looking at Transportation in New Ways Burkhard Huhnke VWGoA Electronics Research Lab, Palo Alto CA Hot Chips August 2010