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Long term resilience for urban
water systems :
myths and reality for the
Metropole of Paris
Emmanuel ADLER, EIVP [email protected]
December 3rd, 2015
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- 1959 : Established by the Préfet de la Seine
EIVP, Paris Advanced School
of Urban Engineering
- 1968 : École des Ingénieurs de la Préfecture de Paris
- 1986 : First Non Civil Servants Students "civils"
- 2005 : École des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris
for Urban Engineering
- 2015 : 500 students (20% Foreigners) 3 years scholarship
- 2011 : EIVP is associated to École des Ponts ParisTech
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- commonly adopted definition of resilience
the quality of a system of being able to resume its original
shape, or to recover quickly, in particular after an accident
Derived from Latin, resilire had evolved, from stepping forward
to jumping backward, once or several times
- opposite meanings in French and English
in French : resilire gave the verb résilier, = to terminate
in English : resiliency stands for the ability to cope with
changes
continuity in the life of a city and its functionalities
Definition of Urban Resilience
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- drainage
Action of removal of surface and sub-surface water from an
area
Major Components of
Urban Water Systems in Paris
- sanitation
Action of collecting human excreta (later wastewater), along
with its transportation, treatment and disposal/reuse
- drinking water supply
Action of catching, transporting (later treating) fresh water
for human consumption
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Water in Paris, a long lasting History
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Early Urban Water Systems In Lutecia
Forum
Arena
Therms
Cardo
Decamenus
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Early Urban Water Supply :
Arcueil Aqueduct (Ist c.)
Louis XIII
Roman
Belgrand
Length 26 km
Cross-section 0,5 m x 0,6 m
Volume 2.000 m3/day
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Urban Water Supply :
Aqueduct , Hydraulic pump (XVIth-XVIIIth c.)
Medicis Aqueduct, XVIth c.
Samaritaine Pump, XVIIth c.
+ Religious Aqueducts of
Pré-Saint-Gervais & of Belleville
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Urban Water Supply with Pumps + Wells
(XVIIIth - XIXth c.)
Artesian Well of Grenelle, 1841
Steam Pump Gros Caillou, 1778
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Urban Water Supply with canals
(XIXth c.)
Ourcq Canal, 1802-1825 (~100 km)
8000 m3/d + fire pumps
15 l/pers/day
1926 : Voulzie aqueduct
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Urban Water Supply – Belgrand Aqueduct
(XIXth and XXth c.)
1865, Dhuis aqueduct 131 km,
20 000 m3/d
+ Menilmontant and Belleville storage
1876, Vanne aqueduct 173 km
+ Montsouris Res.
1893, Vigne & Avre aq. 102 km
1900, Loing and Lunain aq.
1926, Voulzie aqueduct
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Present Water Supply for Paris :
a very large network
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19th c. – 20th c. Crossing flooded streets in Paris
Drainage, an absolute necessity for cities
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Drainage, an absolute necessity
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Excreta Management, early XIXth c.
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Excreta Management, late XVIIIth c.
1796 First Patern for poudrette Fertilizer
1818, a vessel called Arthur shipped Poudrette from Paris to the
Guadeloupe Island in the French Indies to
bring its precious gods to farmers in Pointe-à-Pitre.
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Human Excreta Collection
mobile pneumatic removal
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1880
Human Excreta Collection
fixed pneumatic removal
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Development of the
Combined Sewers Network, XIXth c.
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Development of the
Combined Sewers Network, XIXth c.
Paris Sewage Museum, 1910
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1870 Sewage farm in Gennevilliers (Paris)
Sewage : a valuable ressource for
fertilizing soils
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Excreta Management, early XXth c.
sewage farms around Paris,1908
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First experimental activated sludge
sewage purification plant
1916 Paris
Organic waste management in France : past and current status
Emmanuel ADLER EIVP
2015
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Sewage Management, XXth c.
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Sewage Sludge Management, XXIth c.
Farms receiving Paris sewage sludge applications, 2013
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Conclusions
Urban water systems of the
Metropole of Paris have evolved
in technical and spatial
directions through centuries
There is no long term resilience
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Is onsite sanitation the future ?
Questions ?
