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8/6/2019 Long Term Evolution (Lte) Senior Pro Revised
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8/6/2019 Long Term Evolution (Lte) Senior Pro Revised
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EVOLUTION OF LTE
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest step in moving forward from the
cellular 3G services.
LTE is based on standards developed by the 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP).
The 3rd
Generation Partnership Project is a collaboration between groups oftelecommunications associations. Known as the Organizational partners.
3GPPs intial goal was to make a globally acceptable 3G mobile phone system
specification based on evolved GSM specifications.
3GPP2 is 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 which specifies standards for
another 3G technology based on IS-95 (CDMA) commonly known as
CDMA2000.
LTE may also be referred more formally as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Acces Network
(E-UTRAN).
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History of Releases:
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FURTHER LTE RELEASES:
LTE Release 10 in 2011- LTE Advanced
It fulfills IMT Advanced 4G requirements. Backwards compatible with
Release 8(LTE). Multi-Cell HSDPA.
LTE Release 11( In progress)- Advanced IP Interconnection of
Services.
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Comparison of LTE with previous
mobile technologies
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MAIN OBJECTIVES OF LTE:
Increased downlink and uplink peak data rates.
Scalable bandwidth
Improved spectral efficiency
All IP network
A standards based interface that can support a multitude of usertypes.
LTE networks are intended to bridge the functional dataexchange gap between very high data rate fixed wirelessLocal Area Networks (LAN) and very high mobility cellularnetworks.
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LTE characteristics:
High data rates: up to 100 Mbit/s in local area (even up to
300 Mbit/s with advanced antenna technology [MIMO] andModulation via OFDMA for down link and SC-FDMA for up link)
Flexible channel bandwidth (1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 MHz)
Small latency of 5ms between mobile phone and conventionaltelephone network
Optimized for traveling speeds of up to 15 km/h (up to 500km/hpossible)
Up to 200 participants per cell (at 5MHz channel bandwidth)
Only packet oriented propagation (VoIP)
Handover/Roaming also between LTE, UMTS, GSM/GPRS andsatellite networks
Configurable as Single-frequency network (Broadcast andMulticast efficiency like DVB-T/-H)
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Summary of the parameters of
LTE
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LTE Release 8 Major
parameters:
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Comparison between Release
8 & 10
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LTE Duplex methods:
Duplex methods are implemented so that data can be transmitted and
received simultaneously for effective two way communication between
users or user to base station.
LTE incorporates two methods of duplexing in the same platform.
These duplexing methods are:
- Time Division Duplex (TDD)
- Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
The FDD spectrum requires paired bands, one for the uplink and
one for the downlink band
TDD requires single band as uplink and downlink are on the
same frequency but time separated.
There are 15 paired and 8 unpaired spectrum bands.
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Illustration of Spectrum Bands
forFDD
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Illustration of Spectrum Bands
for TDD
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LTE Radio Access: Modulation
Schemes
LTE uses two kinds of Modulation Schemes for the Downlink (DL)
and Uplink (UL).
-DL- OFDM
-UL- SC-FDMA
LTE uses SC-FDMA as an Access Method in the Uplink to
compensate for the drawbacks of OFDM which is acceptable in the
Downlink but not for transfer of data from User Equipment (UE) to
Base Station.
The drawbacks of OFDM are:
-High Peak to Average power ratio (PAPR) which requires
expensive power amplifiers with high requirements of linearity.
-Low Battery Life as batteries are drained quickly.
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SECURITY: