London Borough of · 2 Redbridge and the First World War 2014 marks 100 years since the start of the First World War. Redbridge is commemorating this significant milestone in …

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www.redbridge.gov.uk/ww1centenary

2 Redbridge and the First World War

2014 marks 100 years since the start of the First World War. Redbridge is commemorating this significant milestone in world history with events taking place across the Borough. See event listings in the guide.

We also share some of the Borough’s memories and remember people to shine a light on the legacy of the First World War in Redbridge.

Later this year, Redbridge Museum will open a major exhibition which will explore the local impacts of the war on Redbridge. In addition to the exhibition, a brand new website about Redbridge and the First World War will be launched, alongside a new book on the subject. Redbridge Museum will also offer an extensive education programme for primary and secondary schools.

Find out more at www.redbridge.gov.uk/ww1centenary

You can get information about further events taking place across the country to commemorate the First World War at www.1914.org

Redbridge remembers those who lived and died during the First World War and wishes for peace.

IntroductionWelcome to Redbridge’s First World War Centenary guide

Redbridge Museum

3www.redbridge.gov.uk/ww1centenary

The First World WarThe First World War (1914 - 1918) shaped the modern world. In total, 10.6 million people (military and civilian) were killed in the fighting. A further 5.8 million civilian deaths were caused by disease; 20 million people were thought to have been wounded. There were about 800,000 British deaths and around 220,000 Empire troops were killed.

Three empires (Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turkey and Russia) collapsed. Many new countries were created, including in the Middle East, which led to tensions that continue today. German resentment at their loss helped the rise of the Nazi Party. The British Empire became larger than ever but many more countries, including India and Ireland, wanted to become independent nations. There were social changes in Britain, including women’s voting rights. Finally, millions of people around the world had to live with the consequences of injury and loss.

Redbridgein the first world war

http://www.redbridge.gov.uk/ww1centenary


Outbreak of WarIn 1914 Europe and most of the world was made up of a small number of large empires and there were tensions between them. The growth of Germany since it was created in 1871 also made war likely. Each empire had alliances so that when one country went to war, it brought in all the others.

In June 1914 the heir to the Austria-Hungarian Empire was shot dead and Serbia was blamed Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, which was supported by Russia, so Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary was supported by Germany who then declared war on Russia. Russia was supported by France so Germany declared war on France To attack France, Germany invaded Belgium, which was supported by Britain, so Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914

The Western FrontThe war in Europe quickly became a bloody stalemate of trench warfare where neither side could defeat the other. In 1918, Germany nearly broke through but failed and the Allies, joined by USA in 1917, then swept to victory. All sides were exhausted.


A World WarSince the war was started by European empires, it involved people from all over the world. All of Africa (except Ethiopia and Liberia), much of Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Canada, the Caribbean and other parts of the Americas soon found themselves at war.

After the Turkish Ottoman empire entered the war in November 1914, much of the Middle-East became involved. Eventually, fighting took place in western, eastern and southern Europe, the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle-East, parts of Africa and south-east Asia.

British troops, including those from Ilford, Wanstead and Woodford were part of this. Many fought on the Western Front, while others were part of the campaigns in Gallipoli, Italy, Salonika, Palestine, and what is now Iran, Iraq and the Arab states. They were joined by 1.3 million Indian soldiers and labourers who served in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Around 70,000 were killed. Thousands more troops came from the British Empire while many more (including 100,000 Chinese labourers) were used to build roads, railways and trenches.

War in RedbridgeFor the first time in Britain, nearly all civilians were involved in the war effort. More women than ever before worked in factories or replaced men who had joined the armed forces. Industry was geared towards the production of war materials. In Ilford, a skating rink was converted into an aircraft factory while in Hainault, Henry Hughes & Son (later known as Kelvin

Hughes) made compasses and navigational aids for the Royal Navy and Royal Flying Corps. The firm only recently moved out of their Hainault factory.



Ilford Emergency HospitalOriginally opened in January 1912 and funded by local charities this hospital in Newbury Park became a military hospital in May 1915 with 56 beds, providing intensive care for wounded troops until March 1919. It was only for ‘emergency’ patients. It was later demolished to make way for the King George Hospital, Eastern Avenue, in 1931.

Valentines MansionFrom November 1914 until March 1918, Valentines Mansion, Ilford was used by Ilford Council to house Belgian refugees. During the war, 250,000 Belgian refugees arrived in Britain to escape the fighting. The government offered ‘the hospitality of the British nation’ and gave financial support. The Mansion was home to 270 refugees over the course of the war although most stayed for a short time before finding accommodation elsewhere.

From May 1918 until March 1919 Valentines Mansion was then used as a convalescent home and reception area for sick and wounded soldiers, with up to 60 beds. This freed up beds at the Ilford Emergency Hospital which was used for casualties who needed more intensive nursing care.

Valentines Mansion was staffed by Voluntary Aid Detachment nurses, trained by the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Patients could be moved out of the wards and into the park and although discipline was strict, local people were encouraged to visit patients.


Hainault AirfieldTo protect London from bombing raids by Zeppelin airships, a number of Royal Flying Corps stations were set up. Hainault Farm was chosen to protect east London (along with one at Hornchurch) and in 1915 two fighters were stationed there.

In 1916, after further Zeppelin raids, six fighters were based at Hainault and involved in action. In 1917, new Sopwith Camel planes were sited there. An airfield for the Royal Naval Air Service was also operational about this time at Forest Farm, Fairlop.

Ilford War Memorial and GardensThe Ilford War Memorial was unveiled on 11 November 1922 after public fund raising. It was set in its own gardens.

In 1926 a Memorial Hall which lists 1159 names of Ilford men killed in action was built as the entrance to a new children’s wing of the King George Hospital.

The children’s hospital was itself a memorial to the dead but also a symbol of new life. When the King George Hospital was demolished in 1992, the Memorial Hall was kept and now forms part of the Gardens.



WansteadWanstead War Memorial, Christchurch Green, was unveiled on 30 April 1922 and features a winged figure of ‘Victory’.

Many buildings in Redbridge such as schools, churches or hospitals have small memorials to those who were killed during the First and Second World Wars.

WoodfordWoodford War Memorial was unveiled on 11 December 1920 in front of the parish church of St Mary’s, High Road.

Photographs: Redbridge Museum / Information & Heritage

Redbridge Museum will be exploring these themes in a new programme. See back page or visit www.redbridge.gov.uk/museum

www.redbridge.gov.uk/ww1centenary 9

Redbridge Museum is researching the impacts of the war on Redbridge for a major exhibition, school education and events programme.

Contact [email protected] or call 020 8708 2317

We would like to hear from local people about their family stories. This can include information about people living in Redbridge at the time of the war or from people who have a connection with the Borough today.

As they are unrepresented in the Museum’s records, we are particularly keen to hear from those from an African, Caribbean or south Asian background whose ancestors may have fought in the war.

Redbridge and the First World War Share your stories

MUSEUM



JUNE AND JULYArt classesFirst World War Centenary art classes and demonstrations. Organised by the Ilford Art Society.

Admission: £3.50 members, £5 non-membersTime: 7.30 to 9.30pm, every Wednesday in June and JulyVenue: St Laurence Church HallBookings: www.ilfordartsociety.co.uk / 020 8478 4841

TUESDAY 10 JUNEHistory, Poetry and Music of the First World WarPresented by the Redbridge Music Society with invited speakers and historians.

Admission: £10 non-members, £6 membersTime: 8pmVenue: Lambourne Room, Redbridge Town HallBookings: 020 8504 6340

SATURDAY 14 JUNE Ilford Hospital Chapel Open DayThe Hospital Chapel is the oldest building in Redbridge, founded in 1145 AD. It endured the war years. Many of the men of the congregation, members of the choir, servers and other workers served in the war. Many did not return.

The open day will include memorabilia stalls, video displays of First World War material and guided tours.

Admission: FREE (refreshments available)Time: 10am to 5pmVenue: Ilford Hospital ChapelBookings: 020 8590 2098

Events

http://www.ilfordartsociety.co.uk


SATURDAY 14 JUNE Keep the Home Fires Burning performance Words and music from the Great War performed by Vivyan Ellacott, Reg Wheeler, Loraine Porter, Steven Day and Phillip Rowlands from Kenneth More Theatre and young people from Palmerstone Stage School.

Admission: FREE (refreshments available)Time: 3 to 5pmVenue: Ilford Hospital ChapelBookings: 020 8590 2098

TUESDAY 17 JUNE Paul Conway: Stereoscopes of the First World War Experience amazing 3-D photographs of the First World War as seen through vintage Stereoscope viewers, owned by local collector Paul Conway. Family stories about the First World War are very welcome.

Admission: (Booking essential as limited spaces)Time: 2pm Venue: Gants Hill LibraryBookings: www.redbridgelibraries.eventbrite.co.uk / 020 8708 9274

Ilford Hippodrome, Ilford Broadway around 1917. A major source of local entertainment during the Great War.



EventsTHURSDAY 19 AND FRIDAY 20 JUNE The Paper Birds Theatre Company presents Heydays This unique performance will explore Redbridge’s local community then and now, fusing disciplines of song, movement and dance, original writing, drama and verbatim.

Heydays is a community theatre project for over 55 year olds. Working with artists from The Paper Birds, Redbridge residents have devised an original performance to commemorate the First World War Centenary. Part of The Labyrinth Theatre Festival.

Admission: £5 / £6 / £7 / £8 (Discounts available for under 18s and Redbridge residents)Time: 6pmVenue: Redbridge Drama CentreBookings: 020 8708 8803

WEDNESDAY 2 TO SATURDAY 5 JULYOh What A Lovely War Redbridge Adult Theatre Workshop presents, Joan Littlewood’s Musical Entertainment.By Theatre Workshop, Charles Chilton, Gerry Raffles and Members of the Original Cast.Title suggested by Ted Allna. This landmark satirical musical is an entertaining and exuberant ride through the history of the First World War. A truly original portrait of the conflict that changed the world forever.

Admission: £6 / £8 / £10Time: 8pmVenue: Redbridge Drama CentreBookings: 020 8708 8803


My storyLIEUTENANT HERBERT MUSGROVE BECK

This cross was originally on the grave of 2nd Lieutenant Herbert Musgrove Beck, Royal Flying Corps, who grew up in Mayfair Avenue, Ilford. The grave is in the Military Cemetery at Amiens, France. Lieutenant Beck was killed in a flying accident in 1918.

When a permanent gravestone was installed, the War Graves Commission offered the cross to Lieutenant Beck’s parents. They in turn presented it to their parish church, St.Clement’s, Ilford, as a memorial to him.

St. Clement’s Church was demolished in 1977 and the Church moved to what had been the Church Hall. The cross went missing in the move but was discovered by chance in 1992 by local policemen and was returned to St. Clement’s.

St. Clement’s Church closed in 2005. The church’s war memorial is now in Redbridge Town Hall and the church kindly donated Lieutenant Beck’s cross to Redbridge Museum.

From the collections of Redbridge Museum / Information & Heritage Share your family stories about people who lived in Redbridge at the time of the war or who have a connection with the Borough today. Contact: [email protected] or call 020 8708 2317.

Photograph: Redbridge Museum



EventsFRIDAY 25 AND SATURDAY 26 JULYKenneth More Theatre presents My Boy Jack The tragic story of how Rudyard Kipling sent his son to his death in the First World War. David Haig’s acclaimed stage play was filmed for television in 2007, with Daniel Radcliffe and Kim Cattrall.

The year is 1913 and war with Germany is imminent. Rudyard Kipling’s determination to send his myopic son to war triggers a bitter family conflict which leaves Britain’s renowned patriot torn between his greatest passions: his love for his children and his devotion to King and Country. My Boy Jack is a powerful and moving account of the anguish at the heart of a man whose storytelling continues to delight millions throughout the world.

Admission: £14, Concessions £13, Club members £12 (A contribution from each ticket will be donated to the Royal British Legion)Time: Evening shows 7.30pm, Saturday Matinee 3pmVenue: Kenneth More TheatreBookings: 020 8553 4466


ERNEST ABRAMS

My story

Ernest Abrams (seated far left) was born in1895 and joined the Essex Regiment in 1912, becoming part of the 4th Battalion, a territorial unit. The Battalion fought against the Turks at Suvla Bay in 1915 and then served in Egypt, Suez Canal and Palestine. In March 1917 Ernest was injured in an attack at Gaza in Palestine and was the only one of 120 of his fellow soldiers to survive.

Ernest was sent home and survived the war. However, when he was interviewed by Redbridge Local Studies Library in 1991, he still felt guilt at surviving the war and continued to mourn the loss of his comrades 80 years before.




EventsSUNDAY 27 JULYKenneth More Theatre presents The Hired Man, in concertAcclaimed for its epic, nostalgic, funny novel and rousing, romantic, award-winning score, The Hired Man is arguably the finest new British musical of the last 30 years.

Set against the backdrop of the Cumbrian lakes in the early years of the Twentieth Century, it tells the timeless, moving story of a young married couple and their struggle to carve a living from the land, just as the traditional rhythms of English country life are being swept away by the gathering storm of war in Europe.

Haunting and thrilling, The Hired Man is based on Melvyn Bragg’s much-loved novel, brought to life by the heartbreakingly beautiful music of Howard Goodall, the EMMY, BRIT and BAFTA award-winning composer of stage, film and TV scores.

Admission: £14, Concessions £13, Club members £12 (A contribution from each ticket will be donated to the Royal British Legion)Time: Evening shows 7.30pm, Saturday Matinee 3pmVenue: Kenneth More TheatreBookings: 020 8553 4466


THE O ’ DONOGHUE BROTHERS

Our story

Dennis Alfred and Reginald Charles O’Donoghue lived at 101 St. Albans Road, Ilford. When the First World War broke out they joined the Army and fought at the Battle of the Somme. In a letter written on the first day of the battle, 1 July 1916, Reginald wrote, “... we were occupied all night carrying stores in heavy boxes. I struggled along with one myself up a trench knee deep in mud and felt pretty fed up with life afterwards ... I fell asleep but was awakened two hours later by a shell bursting outside the entrance of the dug-out. A good many more followed it...”

Both Dennis and Reginald were killed in October 1917 at the Battle of Passchendale, still in their early twenties.




Events

SATURDAY 2 AUGUST Ilford War Memorial Gardens Open DayOpen day, display by Redbridge Museum, library activities, displays by the Ilford War Memorial Action Group, Western Front Association, Royal British Legion, Cadets, music performances and a talk about aspects of the war. 1pm Salvation Army performance

2pm Cadet displays / walkabout acts in First World War costumes

3pm Military band performance

Admission: FREETime: 1 to 4pmVenue: Ilford War Memorial Gardens

SUNDAY 3 AUGUST Drumhead ServiceParade and service of remembrance.

Admission: FREETime: 12 midday to 1pm Venue: Town Hall Steps, Redbridge Town Hall

4 August 2014 is the centenary of the first day of conflict. We are marking this with the events below taking place on the weekend of 2 and 3 August:


THURSDAY 4 SEPTEMBERThe Art of the First World WarWriter and lecturer Jef Page will talk about well-known paintings of the First World War, including works by John Singer Sargent, Christopher R.W. Nevinson and Sir William Orpen.

Admission: £1.50Time: 2pmVenue: Fullwell Cross LibraryBookings: 020 8708 9281

SUNDAY 14 SEPTEMBEROur War: Pop up tea partyThis tea party will explore the British tea drinking habits which fortified the troops in the First World War. You will be encouraged to share family stories you may have about the war and can bring any mementoes you may have, although this is not essential. With a Redbridge Museum display about the local impacts of the war.

Admission: FREETime: 11am and 2pm (each seating lasts around 90 minutes) Venue: Valentines MansionBookings: Eastside Community Heritage at www.hidden-histories.org.uk / 020 8553 3116

SATURDAY 27 SEPTEMBERPoetry WorkshopCelebrate National Poetry Day early! Spend the day in a poetry writing workshop – be inspired by First World War poetry readings and vintage stereographic images provided by specialist Paul Conway.

Admission: £5 / £3 concessions Time: 10am to 3pm (Please bring lunch. Tea and coffee provided)Venue: Redbridge Central LibraryBookings: Book in advance at the Welcome Desk in Redbridge Central Library



EventsSUNDAY 28 SEPTEMBEROur War: Pop up Tea PartyThis tea party will explore the Indian tea drinking habits which fortified the troops in the First World War. You will be encouraged to share family stories you may have about the war and can bring any mementoes you may have, although this is not essential. With a Redbridge Museum display about the local impacts of the war.

Admission: FREETime: 11am and 2pm (each seating lasts around 90 minutes) Venue: Valentines MansionBookings: Eastside Community Heritage at www.hidden-histories.org.uk / 020 8553 3116

SATURDAY 4 OCTOBEREdith CavellEdith was a First World War British nurse who is celebrated for saving the lives of soldiers in Brussels from all sides without distinction. She helped over 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium with Belgian and French colleagues. She was arrested, tried with 33 others by a German military court, found guilty of ‘assisting men to the enemy’ and shot by a German firing squad on October 12 1915.

Join local historian and Chairman of Ilford Historical Society, Jef Page, to learn more about this fascinating woman and her experiences in the First World War.

Admission: FREETime: 2pmVenue: Wanstead LibraryEnquiries: 020 8708 7400 / 9066


SYLVIA PANKHURST

My story

Not everyone supported the war.

Sylvia Pankhurst is best known as a Suffragette who campaigned for women’s right to vote in the years just before the First World War. Between 1924 and 1956 she lived in Woodford Green.

Unlike most Suffragettes, including her mother and sister who led the movement, Sylvia was a pacifist and opposed the war. She became determined to help women in the East End whose lives were hard while their husbands were away fighting.

She established a cheap restaurant and set up a toy factory in Bow to offer jobs for local people. She converted an old pub into a nursery school, far ahead of its time, with nursing and medical facilities and a roof garden for playtime.

Many other pacifists refused to fight in the war and became conscientious objectors. There are records of at least 100 people from Ilford, Wanstead and Woodford who were tried before local authorities and in some cases imprisoned for their beliefs.


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MONDAY 13 TO THURSDAY 23 OCTOBERRedbridge Drama Centre and Scene Productions present WoyzeckA site specific promenade performance throughout Redbridge Drama Centre, reinvented as the trenches and fields of France in this new adaptation of Georg Buchner’s classic play. An immersive experience for all the senses.

Admission: £8 / £10Time: 8pmVenue: Redbridge Drama Centre Booking: 020 8708 8803

MONDAY 27 OCTOBEROpen Mic Night, First World War PoetryOpen Mic night showcasing the work from our Poetry Workshop and First World War Poetry.

Admission: FREETime: 6pmVenue: Redbridge Central LibraryBookings: 020 8708 9066

Events


CYRIL PAGE

My story

Cyril Page lived in 32 Gordon Road, Wanstead.

A remarkable collection of official and personal documents held by Redbridge Information & Heritage tell the story of Cyril’s wartime experience.

Cyril was born in 1899 and after growing up in the East End moved to Wanstead with his family. Cyril joined the army in August 1917, aged 18 years old.

In April 1918, after training, two photographs show him and his platoon to be ‘Somewhere in France’. On 23 August 1918, Cyril sent a postcard to his mother stating that he ‘is quite well’ and that ‘a letter will follow at first opportunity’.

Cyril’s battalion was engaged in the final Allied offensive which ended the war.

However, on 28 September 1918, Cyril’s mother, Minnie, received a notice that everyone dreaded. Cyril had been killed in action on 1 September 1918.

As happened to millions of families, Cyril’s war medals were sent to his family. These along with all his papers were kept by Cyril’s mother and sister and eventually passed to Redbridge Information & Heritage. They provide a powerful record of one local family’s personal loss.


Photograph: Redbridge Information & Heritage



Redbridge and the First World WarRedbridge Museum, supported by volunteers, will be undertaking a major programme of research, documentation and digitisation of local records related to the First World War.

If you can help, please contact Redbridge Museum.

Venue: Redbridge Museum and Libraries Information and Heritage, Second Floor, Redbridge Central LibraryEnquiries: [email protected] / 020 8708 2317

On The Day in Redbridge 100 Years AgoFrom August, in a series of monthly posts, like Redbridge Information and Heritage Service on Facebook to discover how the war affected local people and their daily lives.

To find out more about the local area, visit Redbridge Information & Heritage, Redbridge Central Library to research a wide range of free resources including family history websites, newspapers, maps, census records, photographs, house plans and much more.

Follow Information and Heritage Service on Facebook: www.facebook.com

Poppy FieldsTo remember the dead of all nations during the First World War, poppies will be planted at a number of different sites around the Borough.

Visit www.redbridge.gov.uk/ww1centenary for more information

Also happening


Roads to Remembrance As part of the Centenary programme over the next four years, it is hoped to name a new road in Redbridge after a local person who served in the First World War. It is also hoped that a paving stone to commemorate the winner of the Victoria Cross will be installed at a specially selected site.

Valentines MansionDuring 2015, Redbridge Museum will be hosting a special exhibition at Valentines Mansion about its wartime use as a home for Belgian refugees.

For more information visit www.redbridge.gov.uk/museum

National Memory, Local StoriesRedbridge Museum / Information & Heritage and students from Wanstead High School have been exploring collections at the Museum related to the First World War in a project managed by the National Portrait Gallery, with funding from the Paul Hamlyn Foundation.

Working with museums and young people in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, the project will lead to digital work created by the young people and artists displayed on the National Portrait Gallery’s Great War in Portraits website. Wanstead High School’s work will also be displayed at the Redbridge and the First World War exhibition at Redbridge Museum in November 2014. www.redbridge.gov.uk/museum

Photograph: Marysa Dowling. Copyright National Portrait Gallery, London



Also happening

First World War Library Book DisplaysFrom August, choose First World War books from our special displays in libraries which will commemorate the Great War.

Libraries Big Red ReadThe Big Red Read encourages people to read and discuss a shortlist of 10 fiction and non-fiction books. In ‘July 1914’, Sean McMeekin gives an account of the events between the assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne in Sarajevo in June to the break out of First World War in August. www.redbridge.gov.uk/bigredread

Chatterbooks Special at Redbridge LibrariesChatterbooks are enjoyable reading groups for youngsters in the Borough. From April we will be reading First World War books.

Gants Hill Library 490 Cranbrook Road, Gants Hill, Ilford IG2 6LA

Goodmayes Library 76 Goodmayes Lane, Ilford IG3 9QB

Ilford Hospital Chapel The Broadway Ilford Hill, Ilford IG1 2AT

Ilford War Memorial Gardens Newbury Park, Eastern Avenue, Ilford IG2 7RJ

Kenneth More Theatre Oakfield Road, Ilford IG1 1BT

Redbridge Central Library Clements Road, Ilford IG1 1EA

Redbridge Museum / Information & Heritage Clements Road, Ilford IG1 1EA

Redbridge Drama Centre Churchfields, South Woodford E18 2RB

Redbridge Town Hall 128 – 142 High Road, Ilford IG1 1QN

South Woodford Library 116 High Road, South Woodford E18 2QS

St Laurence Church Hall Donington Avenue, Barkingside IG6 1AJ

Ursuline High School Morland Road, Ilford IG1 4JU

Wanstead Library Spratt Hall Road, Wanstead, E11 2RQ

Valentines Mansion and Gardens Emerson Road, Ilford IG1 4XA

Venues at a glance

Photograph: David Martin

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This major exhibition by Redbridge Museum will explore the local impacts of the war on Redbridge.

Based on new research by the Museum, local historians and a team of volunteers, the displays will feature a wealth of historic objects, photographs and personal items from local people, most of which have not been seen in public before.

The displays will uncover how the war affected local life and reflect the international nature of the conflict and the family histories of today’s Redbridge residents.

In addition to the exhibition, a brand new website about Redbridge and the First World War will be launched, alongside a new book on the subject. Redbridge Museum will also offer an extensive education programme for primary and secondary schools.

www.redbridge.gov.uk/museum

The exhibition is presented in partnership with Redbridge Information & Heritage.

Redbridge and the First World War exhibitionTUESDAY 11 NOVEMBER 2014 TO SATURDAY 30 MAY 2015

Thank you to all contributors who have helped to make this programme

MUSEUM

London Borough of Redbridge Designed by Marketing and Communications, PO BOX 2, High Road, Ilford IG1 1DD. Job no. 8_2014

MUSEUM

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London Borough of · 2 Redbridge and the First World War 2014 marks 100 years since the start of the First World War. Redbridge is commemorating this significant milestone in …