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Mobile Devices: Appropriate Use, Pla5orms, Accuracy,
and Issues
Michael D Londe, PhD Geodesist
DOI -‐ BLM
Intent
The advent of new operaEng systems and mobile devices present another chapter in the advancement of GPS/GNSS mapping systems. While the challenges are similar to ones we faced in the past, the number of devices available and markeEng (bright and shiny syndrome) can overwhelm an organizaEon that is trying to figure out whether these devices are appropriate to their operaEons.
Intent
In this presentaEon I would like to share my thoughts on the quesEons one should be asking when deciding how to implement these new tools.
Disclaimer
• The contents of this talk are based on my personal experience of 40 plus years as a surveyor, mapper, and teacher and represent my personal professional opinion only.
• Anything I present should not be taken as represenEng official BLM or government policies.
• Any menEon of specific products or manufacturers should not be construed as endorsements
Talk Contents
• History and background • New Devices and how do I decide what is best?
• Appropriate Use • Best Pla5orms
• Accuracy • ImplementaEon
Background and history (MGIS)
• 1998 -‐2001 – Receivers uElized proprietary OS/data collecEon systems rolled into one. Basic posiEon or feature collecEon. Could not display background imagery, Relied on serial port download. Small displays with limited informaEon.
• 2001 – present – The advent of Windows Mobile based GPS receivers. This allowed
users to run the data collecEon so_ware of their choice within limits. Data collecEon so_ware allowed more advanced opEons but started running into memory issues with the Windows Mobile OS. Screen sizes increased but sEll limited. Users started experimenEng with laptops and other devices to try and overcome Windows Mobile limitaEons.
Background and history (MGIS)
• 2010 – present – iOS and Android OS smartphones and tablets appear. Many of these
devices had GPS built into their electronics. Users and manufacturers start exploring the use of these devices to overcome Windows Mobile limitaEons. InteresEng results but these OS generally do not play well with a MS based IT environment. Wireless? So_ware limited in capabiliEes. Devices are offering the screen architecture users have been desiring.
– Windows tablets start appearing but generally lack built in GPS. Windows XP and 7 tablet versions posed difficulEes. Windows 8.1 appears to overcome problems but there is a lack of receivers.
New Devices
• iOS – Proprietary Apple operaEng system Only found on their devices. Devices of interest are iPhones and iPads.
• Android – Google operaEng system. Found on many tablets and smart phones
• Windows 8.1 – limited number of tablets and some phones starEng to appear.
New Devices
• Advantages – Larger screen sizes – Device costs are generally cheaper than a GPS receiver.
– Integrated GPS – New OS that may offer needed changes over WM – Market driven
– ApplicaEons more easily added or managed than systems in use
New Devices
• Disadvantages – Does not easily work in a MS Windows IT environment
– Consumer grade GPS systems
– Devices and so_ware do not work well is disconnected environment.
– Advanced so_ware capability not present yet
Appropriate Use of Hardware and So_ware
• Devices and so_ware are not equal. • Some are beder suited to some applicaEons than others.
• Appropriate use is not totally fixed. It can vary by organizaEon
Appropriate Use of Hardware and So_ware
• Appropriate use is not totally fixed. It can vary by organizaEon.
• Defined by – OrganizaEonal needs/requirements – Roles – IT environment – LocaEon (ex. Rural vs Urban) – Workflows – Budgets
Roles
• Data Genera)on • CollecEon of new data or update
of old data to populate a GIS or other business system.
• Accuracy important and should be based on data model.
• Accuracy needs will drive the receiver that is used.
• Background informaEon display is
useful but not required.
• Data Consump)on • Data is being used to provide a
context in the field to provide answers to assist in spaEal and locaEon awareness.
• New data collecEon a low priority.
• Accuracy is not an important consideraEon.
Data CollecEon versus ConsumpEon
Not an either – or situaEon.
Best Pla5orms
• How do I want to use a device? • Field device for data collecEon and viewing? • Field/ laptop desktop replacement for mulEple uses?
• What is my IT environment? How well will alternate OS work? MulEpla5orm support? – Straight network connecEon – VPN – Cloud Services
Accuracy and data collecEon issues
• iOS and Android devices do not lend themselves to the collecEon of large amounts of staEc data.
• A search of available literature (not much) indicate that these devices have accelerometers and filters that lock posiEons when not moving. I.e. you are stuck with the posiEon you get when you stop moving.
Normal GPS data distribuEon
Iphone example
TesEng Procedure
• Based on FGDC GeospaEal PosiEoning Standards Part 3.
• Used Trimble TerraFlex so_ware to capture data.
• Occupied a control level point mulEple Emes over several months.
• The following slides show the results.
Wifi assisted GPS data Capture
Graphic examples
iPhone 5s data capture
Ultra Data Capture
ImplementaEon Issues
• Mixed IT environment? • MulEple pla5orm support?
• Data Transfer? • Cloud needs? • Connected versus disconnected environments?
• Data CompaEbility in collecEon and format?
