LOGOEffects of a begomovirus on tritrophic

interaction of tomato, whitefly Bemisia tabaci and its parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati

SIP15 -2014

Yin-Quan Liu

Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Insect vector

？Plant Virus

Background Information

Turnip yellow Virus

Background Information

Higher larvae mortality

Longer developmental times

Calvo and Fereres, 2011. Biocontrol, 56(5): 747-757

Eretmocerus hayati

Solanum lycopersicumcv. Hezuo 903

Tomato Yellow leaf curl virus

(TYLCV)

Study System---Material

Bemisia tabaci

1.Olfactory Responses of whitefly and parasitoid to tomato plant （ Y tube experiments ）

2.Foraging behavior of wasp E. hayati （ Observer system : Patch residence time and other parameters)

3.Ecological characters of wasps developed in whiteflies on virus-infected tomato or uninfected tomato plant

4.Comparison of leaf trichome density

Study System---Experiment design

主要结果主要结果

H ： Uninfected tomato ； V ： Virus-infected tomato ； HB ： Whitefly-infected tomato ； VB ： Co-infected tomato plant ； CK ： Control

Main Results: Olfactory response

Olfactory response of whitefly to tomato plant

N(n)

主要结果主要结果

H ： Uninfected tomato ； V ： Virus-infected tomato ； HB ： Whitefly-infected tomato ； VB ： Co-infected tomato plant ； CK ： Control

Main Results: Olfactory response

Olfactory response of parasitoid to tomato plant

N(n)

主要结果主要结果Main Results: Olfactory response

Main terpenoids detected in both virus-infected tomato and uninfected tomato (GC-MS)

1.beta.-Myrcene 2.alpha.-Pinene3.alpha.-

Phellandrene4.4-Carene5.alpha.-

Caryophyllene

Comparison of terpenoids in quantity is ongoing

主要结果主要结果Main Results : Foraging behavior

Treatment No. of patches tested

Patch residence

time (s)

Host handling time (s) Searching time per patch (s)

parasitism rate of

whiteflies (%)

The total handling time

per patch

Time for parasitizing per patch

Time for parasiting

a host

Feeding time on a host

Uninfected tomato 16 1509.0±191 564.6±92 245.2±37 72. 5±6 497.8±29 944.4±136 33.1±5

Virus infected tomato

16 2274.9±258 1106.0±179 406.1±62 89.6±9 1132.1±47 1168.8±131 43.8±6

P Values 0.024 0.012 0.034 0.12 0.008 0.88 0.20

Foraging behaviour of Eretmocerus hayati on tomato leaflets (Patches)

Each Patch contains 10 whitefly hosts.

主要结果主要结果Main Results : Parasitism rates

Uninfected Plant Virus-infected Plant

Parasitism rate （ Mean ± SE ） of Eretmocerus hayati on Bemisia tabaci reared on uninfected and TYLCV-infected tomato plants

主要结果主要结果Main Results : Emergence rates

Uninfected Plant Virus-infected Plant

Emergence rate （ Mean ± SE ） of Eretmocerus hayati on Bemisia tabaci reared on uninfected and TYLCV-infected tomato plants

主要结果主要结果Main Results : Developmental duration

Uninfected Plant Virus-infected Plant

Developmental time of Eretmocerus hayati on Bemisia tabaci reared on uninfected and TYLCV-infected tomato plants

主要结果主要结果

Uninfected Plant Virus-infected Plant

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

健康番茄 带毒番茄

每平

方毫

米叶

毛数

量

Num

ber

of

leaf

tric

ho

mes/

㎜

2

Virus-infected plantsUninfected plants

***

Uninfected Plant Virus-infected Plant

The leaf trichomes density of uninfected and TYLCV-infected tomato plants

Main Results : Leaf trichomes density

1.TYLCV showed asymmetrical effects to whitefly and wasp in their olfactory responses

2.The wasp preferred the infected plant when tomato was infected by either whitefly or virus

3.The wasp showed no preference between co-infected plants and whitefly-infected plant but prefer to co-infected plants in comparison with virus-infected plant (which implies whitefly infection had stronger effects than virus infection to wasps)

Conclusion and Discussion

4. Parasitoid had longer patch residence time in virus-infected tomato plants, and longer host-handling time.

5. Change of leaf surface feature including leaf trichomes density could be main factors that contribute to the difference.

6. The parasitsm rates, emergence rates and developmental durations of the parasitoid on infected and uninfected plants were similar, (similar suitability of whitefly--- Liu et al., 2009)

Conclusion and Discussion

LOGOAcknowledgements:Acknowledgements:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071736)National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB127604)

Liu, Shu-Sheng Li, Yuan-Xi

Pan, deng Yan, Ting-Ting

Zhang, Zhen