LogisticsInformaticsLogistics Informatics and Its Practice ...LogisticsInformaticsLogistics Informatics and Its Practice in China DR t ZhDr. Runtong Zhang ... zCode of Conduct & Corporate

Logistics InformaticsLogistics InformaticsLogistics InformaticsLogistics InformaticsLogistics Informatics Logistics Informatics and Its Practice in Chinaand Its Practice in ChinaLogistics Informatics Logistics Informatics and Its Practice in Chinaand Its Practice in China

D R t ZhDr. Runtong ZhangProfessor & HeadDepartment of Information ManagementSchool of Economics and ManagementBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing, 100044

2010/9/17 1

j g,[email protected]

OutlineOutline

The University and the School

Logistics in China

Logistics Information TechnologiesLogistics Information Technologies

Logistics Information Systems

A Case: Container RFID Systems in Chinese Port

Some ObservationsSome Observations

2010/9/17 2

The University and the School The University and the School （（11））

Beijing Jiaotong University (BJTU) is a university with over 100 years hi t k f it bj t i l i ti t ffi i f ti i tihistory known for its subjects in logistics, traffic, information, communications, management and etc.

School of Economics and Management (SEM) at BJTU is one of the g ( )largest school in China in these areas, in the sense of consisting of over 180 faculty and staff members and 4000 students (over half are post-graduated).

SEM at BJTU is one of the oldest school in China in these areas whichSEM at BJTU is one of the oldest school in China in these areas, which may be traced back to the beginning of 20th Century.

The subject of logistics in SEM at BJTU, was ranked number 1 in China in 2006 & 2007.

2010/9/17 3

The University and the School The University and the School （（22））yyCall for Papers13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS2011)

VenueBeijing, China

Important Dates C f d t 07 10 J 2011Conference date: 07-10 June, 2011 Regular Paper Submission: January 25, 2011Authors Notification (regular papers): March 25, 2011Final Regular Paper Submission and Registration: April 04, 2011

SponsorC S S CC f SICEIS is sponsored by INSTICC – Institute for Systems and

Technologies of Information, Control and Communication

L l H t2010/9/17 4

Local HostBeijing Jiaotong University

Logistics in China (1)Logistics in China (1)g ( )g ( )

120014001600

18002000 In 2007, the foreign trade of

China reached US$2.17 trillion, with a growth rate of 23 6%

200

4006008001000

1200 with a growth rate of 23.6%, which was 4.3 times the number of 2001.

0200

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

International Trade (Billion US$ )10000

In 2007, the containersh h i Chi

4800

6160

7580

9300

4000

6000

8000

10000

throughput in Chinese ports reached 100 million TEU, ranking world No.1 in 5 0

2000

4000

2003 2004 2005 2006

2010/9/17 5

consecutive years.2003 2004 2005 2006

10000 TEU


China - ROKIn 2007, the bilateral trade volume reached US$160 billion, with a growth rate of 19% compared to the previous year. China is the ROK’s No.1 trade partner and export market. The machinery and electrical products are the most i i i f ROKimportant import items for ROK.

4.50%Steel and steel-made product

7 50%

7.20%

4.50%

Mineral fuel

Plastics and plastic product

Motor vehicle and component

10.40%

8.70%

7.50%

Organic chemistry goods

Optical instrument

Mineral fuel

2010/9/17 6

42.30%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Machinery and electrical products

Logistics in China (3)Logistics in China (3)China Overview – Agricultural, Industries, Commercial, Economic

g ( )g ( )N

H il ji

Home AppliancesGarments, Textiles

North China

Agricultural Products

Dairy Products

North West China

Heilongjiang

Jiling

Liaoning

Auto, Motor CyclesCoal, MineralsRaw Materials, woolAgricultural

y

Minerals

Low end manufactures

Raw Materials, cotton

Xinjiang

Qinghai

Inner Mongolia

Hebei

ShandongShanxi

Beijing

g

Heavy Industries,

Ship Building

North East ChinaPlants, forests

Tibet

Qinghai

HenanNingxia

Hubei

ShandongGansu

Shanghai

Jiangsu

AnhuiCentral & S.W. China

Auto and parts

Agricultural

Sichuan

Yunnan FujianTaiwan

JiangxiZhejiangHome Appliances

Garment, TextilesChina Wares D i P d t

HunanGuishou

GuangxiHongkong (SAR)

Hainan

Guangdong

Macau (SAR)

Dairy ProductsAgricultural ProductsRaw Materials, cottonMinerals

Hi Tech Products

Hi-end

East ChinaSouth China

Hi Tech Products

Garments, Apparels

2010/9/17 7

Plantation ……. Garments,Toys

Auto Industries

Agricultural

Auto Industries

Agricultural

Light industries

Logistics in China (4)Logistics in China (4)g ( )g ( )Heilongjiang NCurrent Economic Development – Zones

Xinjiang

Inner Mongolia

Jiling

Liaoning

Beijing

Bohai Bay Area (BBA)- Beijing- Tianjin

Shijiazhuang

Qinghai

Inner Mongolia

HebeiShanxi

Beijing

Shandong

Tianjin- Shijiazhuang- Qingdao- Dalian- Xian- JinanBohai Bay

Tibet

GansuJiangsu

Anhui

Henan

Ningxia

HubeiShanghai

Chongqing Yangtsze River: Bohai Bay Area – around 20M TEU

Sichuan

Hunan Jiangxi

Fujian

Zhejiang

Guizhou

gq g Yangtsze River Delta (YRD)- Shanghai- Ningbo- Suzhou

W i

: Yangtsze River Delta – around 20M TEU

: Pearl River Delta – nearly 50M TEU

Yunnan Guangxi Guangdong

Hongkong (SAR)

Macau

Taiwan - Wuxi- Kunshan- Nanjing- HangzhouPearl River Delta (PRD)

-Guangzhou - Yantian

2010/9/17 8

Hainan(SAR)

Guangzhou Yantian-Dongguan - Zhuhai-Zhongshan - Hongkong-Shenzheng - Macau


What What IIs s the Fthe Future uture of Chinese Logistics?of Chinese Logistics?Green SCMGreen Logistics Green Industrial Cluster Agricultural Technology St d di ti & S t ti I tStandardization & Systematic ImprovementServicing Industry & Industrial Chains IntegrationSourcing Optimization IntegrationSourcing Optimization, Integration …….Code of Conduct & Corporate Governance Electronic CommerceService ScienceMuch More …………..

f Sf S2010/9/17 9

Logistics Information Technologies and Systems!Logistics Information Technologies and Systems!

Logistics in China (6)Logistics in China (6)g ( )g ( )Logistics Information Technologies and Systems!Logistics Information Technologies and Systems!

Efficiency is the GoalBenefit Is the ResultBenefit Is the ResultLogistics Information is not only a technology or

system but more importantly a new managementsystem, but more importantly, a new management mode.

2010/9/17 10IZ=66 IZ=66

Logistics Information TechnologiesLogistics Information Technologies (1)(1)g gg g ( )( )

Logistics Information Technologies = IT + LogisticsLogistics Information Technologies = IT + Logistics

2010/9/17 11

Logistics Information TechnologiesLogistics Information Technologies (2)(2)

Smart Dust

g gg g ( )( )

Smart Dust•a self-contained, millimeter-scale sensing gand communication platform for a massively distributed sensor network.

•device will be around the size of a grain of sand and •Applicationssize of a grain of sand and will contain sensors, computational ability, bi-directional wireless

–Logistics

–Smart living space

–Remote terrain traffic monitoringd ect o a e esscommunications, and a power supply, while being inexpensive enough to

Remote terrain traffic monitoring

–Entertainment

–Building, large structure monitoring

2010/9/17 12

p gdeploy by the hundreds. –Battle field, natural resources monitoring

Sensor Networks

Logistics Information TechnologiesLogistics Information Technologies (3)(3)WSN St d di tiWSN Standardizations

2010/9/17 13


Light Wight TCP/IP StackSeamless Connection of WSN and InternetSeamless Connection of WSN and Internet

2010/9/17 14


Global Positioning System

g gg g ( )( )

GPS determines location by computing the difference b t th ti th t i l i t d th ti it i

Global Positioning System

between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate timeprovide extremely accurate time.

2010/9/17 15

Logistics Information TechnologiesLogistics Information Technologies (6)(6)g gg g ( )( )Geographic Information System

GIS is a System of computer software, hardware and data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial locationinformation that is tied to a spatial location –

• spatial location – usually a geographic location• information – visualization of analysis of data y• system – linking software, hardware, data

2010/9/17 16


Vehicular Communications

g gg g ( )( )

WiMAX / IEEE 802.164 2 1 WiMAX Development in the World4.2.1 WiMAX Development in the World4.2.2 Technology Specification of WiMAX and WiBro4.2.3 WiMAX Testing and Certification4.2.4 WiMAX/WiBro Future Prospect

MBWA / IEEE 802.20IEEE 802.20 Mission and Project ScopeIEEE 802.20 Related News

DSRC D di t d Sh t R C i tiDSRC - Dedicated Short Range CommunicationAD HOCTh A li ti f V hi l C i ti S t

2010/9/17 17

The Applications for Vehicular Communication Systems

Logistics Information TechnologiesLogistics Information Technologies (8)(8)RFIDBar-Code

g gg g ( )( )

……EDI, WebEDI, XML/EDI InternetInternet……RFIDRFID EPC……Toll-Road passive transponderConsumer product identifierDrug/Food shelf-life and identificationQuality goods identification

2010/9/17 18

……

Logistics Information TechnologiesLogistics Information Technologies (9)(9)g gg g ( )( )

A Survey of RFID Priority Application Areas in ChinaA Survey of RFID Priority Application Areas in China

41 32Inventory Management

Percentage of interviewee

-9

-9

-5 45

45

41

14

23

32

Warehouse ManagementInventory Management

Indent Management

-9

-5

36

41

27

27

18

23OOS Management

TrackingTransportation/Logistics

-14

-14-5

14

41

36

23

Cargo Burgling ManagementR i t Pl i

Capital Tracking

-14

-14

-23

-9

18

27

14

9

-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Requirement PlanningCustomer Requirement

2010/9/17 19

Low Priority High Priority41: 5:2

Logistics Information Systems (1)Logistics Information Systems (1)g y ( )g y ( )

2010/9/17 20

Logistics Information Systems (2)Logistics Information Systems (2)g y ( )g y ( )

MIS MRP／MRPⅡ QR／ECR EOS TQC CIMMIS, MRP／MRPⅡ, QR／ECR, EOS, TQC, CIM, BPR, ERP CRM, KM, DW／DM, AMT, JIT, SCS, ESCM, , ／ , , , ,WMS, TMS, DRPVMI (Vendor Managed Inventory )VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory )SMI (Jointly Managed Inventory)CFAR (Collaborative Forecast And Replenishment)CFAR (Collaborative Forecast And Replenishment) CPFR (Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment )p )SAAS, SOAGrid Computing / Grid Management

2010/9/17 21

G d Co pu g / G d a age e

Logistics Information Systems (3)Logistics Information Systems (3)冷链食品恒温仓库冷藏车、箱生产企业物流企业零售企业政府机构

Tracking of Cool Logistics Chain

浏览器车载设备客户端掌上电脑手机

运输

配送

分销

仓储

采购

生产预警

监控

追踪

货代

分析

优化

温控管理系统

预警管系统

财务管理系统

预警管理系统

决策支持系统

视频管理系统

仓储管理系统

运输管理系统

智能商务管理系统中

2010/9/17 22

RF/ DPS 管理系统

GPS 管理系统

配送管理系统

呼叫服务中心系统

间

件

Logistics Information Systems (4)Logistics Information Systems (4)ROADSIDE COMMUNICATIONS FOR ROAD

HAULAGE OPERATIONSRoadside Communications for Road Haulage Operations

g y ( )g y ( )

2010/9/17 23

Logistics Information Systems (5)Logistics Information Systems (5)Logistics Information System in Chinese PostLogistics Information System in Chinese Post

g y ( )g y ( )

客户系统信息系统

电话客户

物流伙伴信息系统

电话客户

Cnpl com cn

185物流呼叫中心

客户信信息系统

Parter Information System Client Information System Calling customer

Calling customer

Cnpl.com.cn邮政物流网站

185 Call Center

Postal Logistics Website

中国邮政物流全国信息中心

GPS控制中心

中国邮政综合信息网

National National Information Network GPS Controller

中国邮政物流区域信息中心



Information Center

2010/9/17 24

Regional Information Center Regional Information Center Regional Information Center

Logistics Information Systems (6)Logistics Information Systems (6)RFID System

RFID B i

g y ( )g y ( )

RFID Hardware DomainRFID

MiddlewareDomain

BusinessApplication

Domain

Tags Antenna Readers “Middleware” Business Applications

• Device consisting of an electronic circuit and integrated

• Receives and transmits the electromagnetic waves

• Communicates with the tag via antenna

• Reads/writes data from/to the tags through the reader

• Owns master data and business logic

• Drives businessintegrated antenna

• RF used to transfer data between the tag

waves• Wireless data

transfer via air interface

• Provides power supply to passive tags

• Translates di

• Filters, stores and evaluates obtained data against business processLi k th

Drives business process

2010/9/17 25

between the tag and the antenna radio waves

into digital information

• Links the transceiver to applications, e.g. ERP

Logistics Information Systems (7)Logistics Information Systems (7)RFID Applications

RetailShipping & Wholesale

ManufacturingII : Supply Chain

I M i l

g y ( )g y ( )

Supplierspp g

Receiving

I : Material Processing

III : StorefrontAssembly

P k i

DistributionFabrication

Sales Floor

Assembly

Packaging Warehouse

After -Market

Point of Sale

VI : EnterpriseV : Public PlacesIV : Consumer

Home Appliances

VI : Enterprise

Shopping Mall

Airport

VII : Specialized Uses

Home Appliances Asset ManagementHotel

Airport

School

2010/9/17 26Tolls & Parking LaundrySmart Credit Cards Staff Location

EnvironmentMonitoring

文献资料查询界面在法国高铁GIS图上点击查询LGV东

南线南线

2010/9/17 27在德国高铁GIS图中点击查询柏林站石太线详细

Data Base of High Speed Railway

Logistics Information Systems (9)Logistics Information Systems (9)Logistics Information Systems of Ports

2010/9/17 28

A Case: ContainerA Case: Container RFID Systems in Chinese Ports (1)RFID Systems in Chinese Ports (1)

Shipping companyLogistics company Shipping companyg p y

port AgencyConsumerport AgencyConsumer

iC t InspectionCustom

2010/9/17 29

A Case: : ContainerA Case: : Container RFID Systems in Chinese Ports (2)RFID Systems in Chinese Ports (2)

“2 Ports &1 Line” Container RFID System------ First Line of Containers with Full RFID System in China and maybe in the world

• This subject team has formally started the industrial trial named as “2 ports & 1 line” on Dec 3, 2005.

• The first line of containers with RFID----”Zhehai 325 Shipping” in China has been formally started.

• This line from Shanghai Port to Yantai Port has absolutely shown automatic identification and real-time information exchange in container shippinginformation exchange in container shipping.

• By Jan 19, 2006, the container throughput of this demonstrative line has reached 5294TEU

2010/9/17 30

demonstrative line has reached 5294TEU.


General frame of the demonstration linedemonstration line

Application & demonstration line of“2 ports & 1 line”5000TEU

E-seal

Container RFID automatic identification

Middl

Information real-time exchange system

system Middleware

tag reader

2010/9/17 31

Make out standardantenna

The first regular container ship ”Zhehai 325 Shipping ” with RFID drive to Shanghai from Yantaig

2010/9/17 32

Operating spot at Longwu port Operating spot at Yantai port

2010/9/17 33

Structure of RFID automatic identification application system

Real-time Information

Structure of RFID automatic identification application system

Real-time Information Exchange System

Wired or wirelessCommunication System

Container RFID AutomaticIdentification System

Data Input System of

2010/9/17 34

Container Stuffing Point


Port safety management technology based on RFID y g gyautomatic identification system

Establish multi-level safety system as required by container RFID demonstration system and establish safety certification system and log analysis system;Research on information transmission safety technology at aerialResearch on information transmission safety technology at aerial connector between tags and reader, realize information encrypt storage and transmission and identify authorized write when read-write operation to tags;write operation to tags;Research on encrypt technology of information communication between the reader and host computer;Research on safety insurance technology of information transmission between wireless communication systemsResearch on safety supporting system in container information

2010/9/17 35

Research on safety supporting system in container information real-time exchange system.


Key Technology & EquipmentKey Technology & EquipmentChoice on frequency rangeAnti impact design of RFID in containerAnti-impact design of RFID in containerReliability analysis on readerContainer TagContainer TagContainer E-sealEquipment for information transcriptionq p pFixed readerWireless readerE-Sentinel

Middleware of RFID system in container

2010/9/17 36


Container tag 电Co a e agAdopt ISM 2.4GHz for working frequency range

电子标签frequency range

Active tag, its operating distance 0~30m is adjustable and readable,

签安装盒电子标签

memory capacity is 32k byteUnique super-low power consumption technology with a lifeconsumption technology with a life span of 10 yearsHigh safety data transmission

t di tsystem, dissymmetry encrypt/decipheringSolid sealing and reliable anti-

2010/9/17 37

gdismounting


Logistics information contained in a RFID tap

information of container

Logistics information contained in a RFID tap

information of containerinformation of cargoother information： information of ship， port, cargo p p , gagency…on-off time of containeraddress of container when open/closed（connect with GPS）physics information of container, such as temperature, humidityhumidity

2010/9/17 38


Container E-sealFirst time to realize data carrier of multi-source amalgamation ofFirst time to realize data carrier of multi-source amalgamation of container logistics, information flow and safety flowAdopt ISM 2.4GHz for working frequency rangeSupport trespass on and automatic monitoring & event record of door opening & closingSupport sensor units such as bus extended temperature humiditySupport sensor units such as bus extended temperature, humidity, vibration, etc.Encrypting calculation and certification to ensure data safety and prevent from wiretapping or data breakingAdopt frequency range seclusion to avoid interferences among multiple equipmentmultiple equipmentAdvanced anti-collision technologyPossible to equip with microwave module working mode and

f f2010/9/17 39

radio frequency software is adjustable5-second mount and dismount without tools at container gate


Equipment for information transcription ---- Adopt portable computer or hand-held PDA

Adopt ISM 2.4GHz for working frequency rangeAdopt ISM 2.4GHz for working frequency rangeRead/write module adopts PCMAC interface mode Read/write module adopts PCMAC interface mode and notebook to realize bothand notebook to realize both--way communication or way communication or adopts CF interface mode and PDA to realize bothadopts CF interface mode and PDA to realize both--adopts CF interface mode and PDA to realize bothadopts CF interface mode and PDA to realize bothway communication.way communication.Encrypting calculation and certification Encrypting calculation and certification Adopt frequency range seclusion to avoid Adopt frequency range seclusion to avoid interferences among multiple equipment.interferences among multiple equipment.AntiAnti--collision technology to support multicollision technology to support multi--label readlabel readAntiAnti collision technology to support multicollision technology to support multi label read label read and writeand writePossible to equip with microwave module working Possible to equip with microwave module working

d d di f ft i dj t bld d di f ft i dj t bl

2010/9/17 40

mode and radio frequency software is adjustablemode and radio frequency software is adjustable

An Illustrative Case: ContainerAn Illustrative Case: Container RIFD RIFD Systems in Chinese Ports (9)Systems in Chinese Ports (9)Systems in Chinese Ports (9)Systems in Chinese Ports (9)

2010/9/17 41


Fixed ReaderAdopt ISM 2.4GHz for working frequency rangep g q y gSupport RS232/485 wire mode and upper machine communicationEncrypting calculation and certification to ensure data safety and

prevent from wiretapping or data breakingAnti-collision technology to support multi-label read and write

2010/9/17 42


Wireless readerAdopt ISM 2.4GHz for working frequency rangeSupport wireless mode and upper machine communication, match with bridge of container RFID system for useSupport wireless visiting in local area space under sentinel modeEncrypting calculation and certification to ensure data safety and c ypt g ca cu at o a d ce t cat o to e su e data sa ety a dprevent from wiretapping or data breaking

Adopt frequency range seclusion to avoid interferences among multiple equipmentAnti-collision technology Possible to equip with microwave module working mode and radio frequency software is adjustable

2010/9/17 43

frequency software is adjustable


Middleware of container RFID system 应用进程

提供逻辑数据和事件

Application processAfford logical data and event

MiddlewareR i i i l REID d t中间件

接收原始的 R FID 数据

实现过滤分发和消息

Receive original REID dataRealize filtration, release and message

实现过滤、分发和消息

R d Wireless channel

TagsID, content & message

阅读器

访问电子标签

电子标签

ID，内容信息

无线信道 Reader Visit tags

Wireless channel

2010/9/17 44

访问电子标签，内容信息


Three technical standards related to portThree technical standards related to port RFID in container has been completed.

1. Technical specifications on RFID in container2. Specification of memory information coding of container RFID3 Technical specification of container3. Technical specification of container shipping information in domestic tradeWe are authorized by National Standard committee of China to draft out “Container RFID Technology Criterion in domestic trade” (20067084-T-469). We will establish the National Standards based on the practical and proof tested

trade

2010/9/17 45

will establish the National Standards based on the practical and proof-tested data of the trials.


Sequelae

“Shanghai port in China - Savannah port in the USA” container

Sequelae

RFID application line in June,2007, which is supported by the project “Logistics Service Demonstration Appliction of Modern Port” (2006BAH02A17) of National Key Technology R&D Program of China.

“Shanghai port - Chongqing port ” container RFID application line in July 2007 which is supported by the project “Container RFIDJuly,2007, which is supported by the project Container RFID Technology Development and Application” of National Westward Construct Program of Ministry of Communication of China.

“Shanghai port in China – Europe port ” container RFID application line in the last months of 2007,

2010/9/17 46


Port to Port堆场yard

港口港口portport堆场yard

进道口Enter Port 装船

Loading服务器

道口Gate g服务器Server

堆场yard

服务器Server

2010/9/17 47

出道口Leave Port 卸船

Unloading港口港口portport道口Gate


CFS to CFS

PortPort PortPortPortPort PortPort

Container Container stuffing stuffing pointpoint

Container Container unstuffing unstuffing

pointpoint

2010/9/17 48

pointpoint pointpoint


New generation intelligent container RFID tagNew generation intelligent container RFID tag• Ability to store supply chain related container

i f ti i l di i t i IDinformation including: carrier, container ID, owner, terminals, Customs, inspections etc.Abilit t t ti ll t ti d d t f li• Ability to automatically store time and date of sealing and unsealingAbilit t t ti ll t th l ti f li• Ability to automatically store the location of sealing and unsealing (this is achieved through the location of the reader that capture the sealing and unsealingof the reader that capture the sealing and unsealing event, including PDA)

• Multi-frequency

2010/9/17 49

Multi frequency


New generation intelligent container RFID tagg g g

Original Original mechanical sealmechanical sealEE--tagtag

The eThe e--tag we designed can be used with the original mechanical tag we designed can be used with the original mechanical l ith t i f til ith t i f ti

2010/9/17 50

seal without any infection.seal without any infection.


Handset and PDA with GPS function

C d d it tC d d it t•• Can read and write tagsCan read and write tags

•• Integrate GPS, and can Integrate GPS, and can it it hit it hwrite its geography write its geography

position information into position information into tagtaggg

2010/9/17 51

HandsetHandset

Some Observations (1)

New trends in Chinese Logistics Informatics• Logistics information systems will be developed by closely

combining with the true situation of Chinese logistic companies, d WMS TMS ill b h h i fand WMS、TMS will become the hot areas in near future.

• Logistics information systems will be “uniform” and “centralized” instead of “isomerous” and “dispersive”.centralized instead of isomerous and dispersive .

• The integration and development of third-party logistics information systems will play a key role in logistic customer

iservice area.• Security approaches against disastrous failures of logistic

information systems will become more and more important ininformation systems will become more and more important in logistic companies.

• RFID technologies and products will be widely applied in l i ti i d t

2010/9/17 52

logistics industry.

Some Observations (2)

Some bottlenecks in Chinese Logistics Informatics

• Low level of the application of information technologies and systems, especially in the small/middle size Chinesesystems, especially in the small/middle size Chinese enterprises.

• Lack of logistics information technologies and products with IPRown IPRs.

• The developers of logistics information systems can hardly make benefits, because most of the systems are independentmake benefits, because most of the systems are independent and dispersive.

• The infrastructures for basic information and public service l tf d l lplatform develops very slow.

• Lack of development stratagem.

2010/9/17 53

谢谢！谢谢！

ThanksThanks！！ThanksThanks！！

rtzhang@bjtu edu cn

2010/9/17 54

[email protected]

Documents

LogisticsInformaticsLogistics Informatics and Its Practice ...LogisticsInformaticsLogistics Informatics and Its Practice in China DR t ZhDr. Runtong Zhang ... zCode of Conduct & Corporate