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Logic and Landscape of Knowledge SystemImplications for Education & Research
Jinghai [email protected]
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Engineering a Better World – the Next 100 Years, IVA, June 24-28, 2019, Sweden
2
1. BackgroundParadigm Shift of Scientific Research
2. Current ChallengesMissing Links in Knowledge System
3. Common Principle at MesoscalesCompromise in Competition
4. Actions to be TakenTransdisciplinarity → Reconstructing
EducationResearch
3
1. BackgroundParadigm Shift of Scientific Research
3
4
Actions?
New Opportunities: Responses
Paradigm Shift
1.1 Scientific research paradigm1.2 Transdisciplinarity1.3 Interplay between R&D1.4 Global challenges
Background
EducationResearch
5Less and less More and more
Changes in Content, Method and Domain
Content Static average Dynamic structureLocal phenomena System behavior
Traditional paradigm
Newparadigm
Chance
Domain Traditional theory Complexity scienceDetailed analysis Scale correlationFragmentation Common principles
Knowledge systemKnowledge blocks
1.1 Paradigm Shift: Not only Data-Intensive
MethodQualitative analysis Quantitative predictionDisciplinary TransdisciplinaryData processing Artificial intelligenceNumerical simulation Virtual reality
6
Transdisciplinarity becomes an importantpath to breakthrough.
TimeNumber of trans-
disciplinary awardsRatio
1901-1920 11 19.3%
1921-1940 10 18.5%
1941-1960 11 20.4%
1961-1980 18 30%
1981-2000 12 20%
2001-2018 24 44.4%
Nobel Prize & Transdisciplinarity
The 66.7% Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001-2018 was the resultof transdisciplinary research
All the three Nobel Prizes in 2018 were transdisciplinary studies
1.2 Transdisciplinarity
7
1.3 Interplay Between
NonlinearLinear
Basic research
Applied research
Experimental development
Basic research
Applied research
Experimental development
Research & DevelopmentScience & Society
8
Bottom-up & Top-down Strategy !
Open & Global Science
Global Challenges & Opportunities
Digital Resolution
1.4 Open, Global, Digital, ……
Joint Action!
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Re-organizing R&D
Rebuilding innovation systemsExpecting rewards
Governments
Appealing investmentCommunities:
Industries:
Current Discussions
10
Logic and Landscape of Knowledge
What are Even More Important?
TransdisciplinarityEducation & Research
Re-mappingDisciplines
Disciplinary Blocks Knowledge SystemMissing
Links
11
What to Do?
Relationships between different disciplines?
Layout of education and research based on these relationships?
Missing links?
Are there any common principles?
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2. Current ChallengesMissing Links in Knowledge System
13
Material
Boundary scales
Reactor Factory
MesoscaleMesoscale Mesoscale
Material and interfacial structures
Heterogeneous structures
Integration of units
Missing Links in Knowledge
Multi-level
Multi-scale
Challenging
Relatively mature
Molecule/Atom Assembly Particle Aggregate Unit operation Integrating unit Environment
Multilevel, Multiscale and Mesoscale Complexity
From MoleculeDirect Scale-up → Virtual Process Engineering
To MarketLi J., Chem. Eng. J., 2015, 278: 541-555
For Example: Chemical Science
14
?Micro
Meso?
Material
Ca5(OH)(PO4)3
Hydroxyapatite
Reactor
Flow, mass transfer and reaction around a particle
Micro
Meso?Macro
A Little Bit Details of Complexity at MesoscalesMacro
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Even for Social Science
MesoscaleCollective behavior
ElementIndividual
SystemSociety
16Mesoscale complexity!
Traditional Averaging ApproachesDistorting Real Mechanisms
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Not Only for Chemical Science
Star Galaxy Supercluster Observable universe
Cluster orelectronic structure
Atomic nucleus
Elementary particle
PlanetAtom Planetary system
Mineral Rock associatio
nGeologic unit GeotectureRock Galaxy
clusterRock structure
Nuclear physics Geonomy Astronomy Uranology Cosmography
Quantum,Chemistry/Physics,
Materials Petrology Geology
Boundary scales
Mesoscales
Atom/Molecule Assembly Particle Aggregate Unit operation
Integrating unit
Environment Amino acid
Secondary structure
Protein Macro-biomolecule
complexCell Tissue Organ Functional
systemLife body
Chemical engineering
Chemistry Process system
engineering
Molecular biology
Cell biology Histology Systems biology
Mesoscales
Boundary scales Boundary scales
Mesoscales
Physical world
Chemical science Life scienceMul
tilev
el
Mul
tisca
le a
t eac
h le
vel
Complexity at mesoscale of
each level
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Different Sciences Share Mesoscale Complexity
Natural Social
Presentation at the ICSU-ISSC joint GA, Olso, Norway, Oct. 2016
Missing links in traditional theoriesMulti-level, each multi-scaled, with level-specific complexity
Mesoscience
19
3. Common Principle at MesoscalesCompromise in Competition
20
s.t. Fi (X)=0, i = 1, 2, …, m
min
E1 (X)
Ek (X)
E2 (X)...
X = {x1, x2, ……, xn }
Li J., & Kwauk M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 2003, 58: 521-535Li J., et al., Chem. Eng. Sci., 2004, 59: 1687-1700
EMMS Principle MesoscienceMathematical
Multi-objective Variational
PhysicalCompromise in Competition Between
Dominant Mechanisms
A-dominated (A = Extremum 1) B-dominated (B = Extremum 2)A-B compromising
Increasing dominance of mechanism B over mechanism A
AB(Extremalizing )
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From Case Studies to Common Principle
Compromise in Competition
E1(X)min
s.t. Fi(X)=0, i=1, 2, …, m
X = { x1, x2, ……, xn }
…
Ek(X)
compromise in competition
Physics:
Mathematics:multi-objective
variational
Granular flow
Gas-solid
Turbulent flow
Emulsion
Foam drainage
Gas-liquid
Micro-fluidics
Systems
Stability Condition
𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝑨𝑨𝑩𝑩Catalysis
Material
Micro reactor
Gas-liquid-solid
Protein
2012
2017
Ionic liquid
Membrane
Interfacial
Mesoscience
22
Li J., et al., arXiv:1302.5861, 2013Li J., et al., From Multiscale Modeling to Mesoscience, Springer, 2013Ge W., et al, Chem. Eng. Sci., 2011, 66(19): 4426-4458Huang W., Li J. & Edwards P. P., Natl. Sci. Rev., 2018, 5: 321-326
Universality?
23
Mesoscience: Bridging the Missing Links in the Logic and Landscape of Knowledge System
Li J., Engineering, 2016, 2: 276-285
Mesoscience
24
4. Actions to be TakenTransdisciplinarity → Education & Research
25
Based on the Logic and Landscape of Knowledge SystemTransdisciplinary
SystematicDisciplinaryFragmented
Existing Education System
Presentation at the ICSU-ISSC joint GA, Olso, Norway, Oct. 2016
Transdisciplinarity
New System
26
NSFC: Application code >3000
MOEFirst-level: 13Second-level: 111Third-level: 375
How to organize transdisciplinarity?
National standard of
discipline classification
First-level: 62Second-level: 676Third-level: 2382
National standard of discipline classification (2009); The National Natural Science Fund Guide to Programs 2019
UNESCO:
List of disciplines
8530 defined disciplines
Existing Systems:
27
Convergence of Knowledge and Application
Knowledge Domains → Education System
28
Planning Educational or Scientific Complex
Efficient + CompetitiveLi J., Engineering, 2016 (2), 276-285
29
New scientific research paradigm is gradually emerging
Complete understanding of the logic and landscape ofknowledge system is crucial, and much more important thanthe discussion on investment and rewards
This calls for joint efforts from governments, scientificcommunities, industries, universities and also internationalorganizations
Breaking disciplinary boundaries and reconstructing educationsystem are mostly important!
Summary & Prospect
Thank You
for Attention !