97
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\ Malwi_to_Mauritious.log opened on: 25 Jul 2006, 20:23:24 . *Dropping Malawi . drop if ccode==164540 (10 observations deleted) . . . *Descriptive stats after dropping . tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist open english gdpdfration > ew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(stat) variable | N mean sd p50 min max -------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491103.5 1561212 7681.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33457.95 117039.7 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.9183 16.68945 103.0725 64.27792 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.015 10901.72 16.0586 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6706.441 4134.082 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13391.13 3525.827 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .706737 .3895353 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1 gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.054711 .1791895 1.019883 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- .

log: K:\Malwi_to_Mauritious - University of Minnesota Duluthbtadesse/Research/Mal…  · Web view · 2006-08-01opened on: 25 Jul 2006, 20:23:24. *Dropping Malawi. drop if ccode==164540

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Page 1: log: K:\Malwi_to_Mauritious - University of Minnesota Duluthbtadesse/Research/Mal…  · Web view · 2006-08-01opened on: 25 Jul 2006, 20:23:24. *Dropping Malawi. drop if ccode==164540

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Malwi_to_Mauritious.log opened on: 25 Jul 2006, 20:23:24

. *Dropping Malawi

. drop if ccode==164540(10 observations deleted)

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist open english gdpdfration> ew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(stat)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491103.5 1561212 7681.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33457.95 117039.7 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.9183 16.68945 103.0725 64.27792 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.015 10901.72 16.0586 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6706.441 4134.082 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13391.13 3525.827 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .706737 .3895353 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.054711 .1791895 1.019883 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

Page 2: log: K:\Malwi_to_Mauritious - University of Minnesota Duluthbtadesse/Research/Mal…  · Web view · 2006-08-01opened on: 25 Jul 2006, 20:23:24. *Dropping Malawi. drop if ccode==164540

. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" countries)--RHS Variables> :. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist phone open eng> lish gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(stat)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404838.7 1597603 3126 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14892.29 27127.62 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 105.0786 17.03182 101.7941 64.27792 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.34e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.874 11681.75 22.864 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7127.895 4106.347 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13224.75 3415.364 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.3154 241.8485 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7139293 .4110394 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.046603 .1839615 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

Page 3: log: K:\Malwi_to_Mauritious - University of Minnesota Duluthbtadesse/Research/Mal…  · Web view · 2006-08-01opened on: 25 Jul 2006, 20:23:24. *Dropping Malawi. drop if ccode==164540

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english> white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7942.48Log likelihood = -546.7605 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3826804 .030633 12.49 0.000 .3226409 .4427199 lgdp | 1.188193 .0343259 34.62 0.000 1.120916 1.255471 lgdpau | .0335796 .6135048 0.05 0.956 -1.168868 1.236027lgdpdfrati~w | -.8634942 .2532129 -3.41 0.001 -1.359782 -.3672061 lpopau | -1.910891 2.113751 -0.90 0.366 -6.053768 2.231985 lpop | .0053601 .0404159 0.13 0.894 -.0738536 .0845738 lxrate1 | -.1266581 .0138097 -9.17 0.000 -.1537245 -.0995916 lremote | -.4739252 .0672843 -7.04 0.000 -.6058 -.3420503 ldist | -2.059254 .120926 -17.03 0.000 -2.296264 -1.822243 lopen | .2196662 .055586 3.95 0.000 .1107196 .3286127 english | .9367272 .130031 7.20 0.000 .6818712 1.191583 white | 5.401316 .5073292 10.65 0.000 4.406969 6.395663 lwhitemg | -.5070422 .0453408 -11.18 0.000 -.5959086 -.4181758 _cons | 32.8094 19.53362 1.68 0.093 -5.475794 71.09459------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000938 lgdp | -.000366 .001178 lgdpau | -.00088 .001326 .376388lgdpdfrati~w | -.000631 -.000056 -.008275 .064117 lpopau | .00202 -.008213 -1.27067 .047643 4.46794 lpop | -.000177 -.000828 -.000144 .000135 .001634 .001633 lxrate1 | .000048 .000145 .000179 .000265 -.001339 -.000174 .000191 lremote | .000422 .00019 -.00016 -.001518 -.004237 -.00034 .000046 .004527 ldist | .001111 .000569 -.001531 -.000306 .000885 -.000881 .000896 .004087 .014623 lopen | -.000216 .000587 .002231 .000194 -.016396 .00025 .000061 .001247 -.000275 english | -.001346 .002719 .002375 .001922 -.008523 -.001263 .000546 -.003061 .002758 white | .004568 -.002778 .003402 -.010531 -.024646 .004534 .000215 -.001131 -.005966 lwhitemg | -.000551 .000272 -.00025 .001003 .002334 -.000322 -.000023 .000109 .000439 _cons | -.019604 .080781 11.2059 -.622094 -40.6649 -.016348 .006619 -.001404 -.159062

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00309 english | -.000903 .016908 white | .000036 -.004686 .257383 lwhitemg | -.000055 .000684 -.022698 .002056 _cons | .190995 .032286 .346936 -.034877 381.562

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.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 75445.76Log likelihood = -977.3962 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0575009 .0144647 3.98 0.000 .0291506 .0858513 lgdp | 1.573871 .0527336 29.85 0.000 1.470515 1.677227 lgdpau | .8481897 .3646637 2.33 0.020 .1334619 1.562917lgdpdfrati~w | -.4647737 .1523992 -3.05 0.002 -.7634707 -.1660767 lpopau | -6.232307 1.232537 -5.06 0.000 -8.648036 -3.816578 lpop | -.3007694 .0876815 -3.43 0.001 -.472622 -.1289169 lxrate1 | -.1228172 .0207458 -5.92 0.000 -.1634782 -.0821563 lremote | -.971778 .1050135 -9.25 0.000 -1.177601 -.7659554 ldist | -3.301896 .1667536 -19.80 0.000 -3.628727 -2.975065 lopen | -.0519383 .0272603 -1.91 0.057 -.1053676 .001491 english | .9975588 .0828705 12.04 0.000 .8351356 1.159982 white | 4.957138 .7915805 6.26 0.000 3.405669 6.508607 lwhitemg | -.4861131 .0750662 -6.48 0.000 -.6332402 -.338986 _cons | 94.87431 11.62468 8.16 0.000 72.09036 117.6583------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000209 lgdp | -.00026 .002781 lgdpau | -.001298 .002065 .13298lgdpdfrati~w | -.000602 .00056 -.012149 .023226 lpopau | .005079 -.008205 -.440349 .024823 1.51915 lpop | .000144 -.004393 -.001804 .000484 .005301 .007688 lxrate1 | -.000025 .000317 .000017 .000376 -.00339 -.000367 .00043 lremote | .000368 -.000045 -.00718 -.00387 .025758 -.000694 .000026 .011028 ldist | .000593 -.00139 -.007002 -.001786 .018013 .002123 .000576 .005522 .027807 lopen | .000043 -.000137 -.001025 .000941 .003756 .000325 -.000079 .000711 .000264 english | -.00044 .000354 .003344 .002613 -.021451 .000254 .001161 -.002751 .00182 white | .001035 -.01439 -.011538 -.004446 .047286 .022294 -.001496 .009274 -.027292 lwhitemg | -.000098 .000748 .000421 .000162 -.00282 -.001074 .000172 .000169 .003873 _cons | -.055769 .101199 3.94526 -.082152 -13.9834 -.075662 .04687 -.375388 -.438789

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000743 english | -.000411 .006868 white | .002094 -.003217 .6266 lwhitemg | -.000142 .000481 -.057531 .005635 _cons | -.046827 .257658 -.315735 -.003933 135.133

.

.

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. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7062.32Log likelihood = -941.4916 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1185834 .0237037 5.00 0.000 .072125 .1650418 lgdp | 1.716555 .0703079 24.41 0.000 1.578754 1.854356 lgdpau | .1342987 .5404752 0.25 0.804 -.9250133 1.193611lgdpdfrati~w | -.5243933 .2243971 -2.34 0.019 -.9642034 -.0845831 lpopau | -3.217505 1.886923 -1.71 0.088 -6.915807 .4807968 lpop | -.5817501 .0824239 -7.06 0.000 -.743298 -.4202022 lxrate1 | -.1592446 .0270829 -5.88 0.000 -.2123262 -.1061631 lremote | -.3744028 .1290687 -2.90 0.004 -.6273728 -.1214327 ldist | -3.997333 .3400662 -11.75 0.000 -4.663851 -3.330815 lopen | .0688279 .0440823 1.56 0.118 -.0175717 .1552275 english | 1.081773 .1451502 7.45 0.000 .7972842 1.366262 white | 10.04009 1.934732 5.19 0.000 6.248088 13.8321 lwhitemg | -.8623213 .1934896 -4.46 0.000 -1.241554 -.4830888 _cons | 65.98251 18.02022 3.66 0.000 30.66353 101.3015------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000562 lgdp | -.000889 .004943 lgdpau | -.001616 .003023 .292113lgdpdfrati~w | -.000892 .002507 -.016254 .050354 lpopau | .004556 -.017112 -.986569 .05833 3.56048 lpop | .000631 -.004164 -.000818 -.002554 .00154 .006794 lxrate1 | .00003 .000472 -.000177 .001058 -.004555 -.000754 .000733 lremote | -.000027 -.00047 -.006783 -.000813 .019684 -.000883 .000102 .016659 ldist | .002513 .007131 -.011156 -.00141 -.012067 -.001029 .001417 .00783 .115645 lopen | .000108 -.000698 .000569 .002083 -.00201 .00122 -.00025 .000537 -.000954 english | -.000972 .002743 .005284 .00053 -.042437 .002359 .001761 -.004529 .005356 white | .001395 -.029334 .01109 -.006033 -.038808 .025695 .003736 .011979 -.137063 lwhitemg | -.000119 .001536 -.002055 .000082 .008924 -.001667 -.000392 .000747 .010712 _cons | -.04847 .09671 8.83949 -.58603 -32.9657 .001281 .062858 -.34558 -.838534

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001943 english | -.001489 .021069 white | .003213 .020461 3.74319 lwhitemg | -.000185 -.002567 -.367094 .037438 _cons | .01893 .44823 1.77795 -.208785 324.728

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Page 6: log: K:\Malwi_to_Mauritious - University of Minnesota Duluthbtadesse/Research/Mal…  · Web view · 2006-08-01opened on: 25 Jul 2006, 20:23:24. *Dropping Malawi. drop if ccode==164540

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2550.82Log likelihood = -1111.071 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0965954 .0384769 2.51 0.012 .0211821 .1720087 lgdp | .9639273 .0773117 12.47 0.000 .8123992 1.115455 lgdpau | -.8692936 .8661526 -1.00 0.316 -2.566922 .8283343lgdpdfrati~w | -.3289434 .3536589 -0.93 0.352 -1.022102 .3642153 lpopau | 1.611164 2.953755 0.55 0.585 -4.178089 7.400416 lpop | -.0212572 .092608 -0.23 0.818 -.2027655 .160251

lxrate1 | -.1270856 .0331001 -3.84 0.000 -.1919606 -.0622107 lremote | .5193001 .2378635 2.18 0.029 .0530962 .9855039 ldist | -1.47633 .3199316 -4.61 0.000 -2.103385 -.8492758 lopen | .3410673 .0761747 4.48 0.000 .1917676 .4903669 english | 1.495237 .227776 6.56 0.000 1.048804 1.941669 white | 1.384074 2.229472 0.62 0.535 -2.985611 5.753759 lwhitemg | .216699 .1947469 1.11 0.266 -.1649978 .5983958 _cons | -13.08223 27.89481 -0.47 0.639 -67.75505 41.5906------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00148 lgdp | -.001407 .005977 lgdpau | -.002272 .001451 .75022lgdpdfrati~w | -.000517 .002221 -.023273 .125075 lpopau | .004591 -.009653 -2.50481 .062421 8.72467 lpop | .000384 -.005186 -.00077 -.001989 .003246 .008576 lxrate1 | .000119 .00085 .000277 .002507 -.00738 -.001164 .001096 lremote | .001454 .000168 -.031028 -.016192 .097329 .001766 -.00089 .056579 ldist | .003838 -.006926 -.021735 -.008002 .06527 .011102 -.000203 .022503 .102356 lopen | .000264 -.001108 .002829 .002082 -.017481 .002904 -.000169 .002366 -.000811 english | -.003005 .000648 .00934 .006728 -.022175 -.001825 .001705 -.012808 .013122 white | .003221 -.021006 .078105 -.001967 -.313865 .012901 .000622 .053082 -.038173 lwhitemg | -.000412 .000607 -.008347 -.001241 .034635 .000484 -.000189 -.001969 .007859 _cons | -.046055 .13777 22.3616 -.355944 -80.4369 -.169937 .117205 -1.52652 -1.72351

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005803 english | -.00212 .051882 white | .00769 .032487 4.97055 lwhitemg | -.000452 -.001949 -.423574 .037926 _cons | .183261 .111493 3.30399 -.431953 778.121

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

Page 7: log: K:\Malwi_to_Mauritious - University of Minnesota Duluthbtadesse/Research/Mal…  · Web view · 2006-08-01opened on: 25 Jul 2006, 20:23:24. *Dropping Malawi. drop if ccode==164540

Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 58445.90Log likelihood = -913.1142 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0235559 .0135941 1.73 0.083 -.0030881 .0501999 lgdp | 1.597821 .0533953 29.92 0.000 1.493168 1.702473 lgdpau | .7400323 .355227 2.08 0.037 .0438003 1.436264lgdpdfrati~w | -.3005107 .1401673 -2.14 0.032 -.5752337 -.0257878 lpopau | -6.818185 1.202408 -5.67 0.000 -9.174861 -4.461509 lpop | -.2474236 .093314 -2.65 0.008 -.4303156 -.0645316 lxrate1 | -.0474696 .0191081 -2.48 0.013 -.0849207 -.0100185 lremote | -.6344704 .1510846 -4.20 0.000 -.9305908 -.3383501 ldist | -2.615393 .1667306 -15.69 0.000 -2.942179 -2.288607 lopen | -.0573805 .027104 -2.12 0.034 -.1105033 -.0042577 english | 1.142491 .1114276 10.25 0.000 .9240972 1.360885 white | 3.302256 .9182087 3.60 0.000 1.5026 5.101912 lwhitemg | -.2552459 .0860911 -2.96 0.003 -.4239813 -.0865105 _cons | 96.18637 11.37756 8.45 0.000 73.88677 118.486------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000185 lgdp | -.000192 .002851 lgdpau | -.00091 .002084 .126186lgdpdfrati~w | -.000352 .000726 -.007939 .019647 lpopau | .003294 -.007022 -.418148 .012546 1.44578 lpop | .000116 -.0047 -.001928 .000051 .003514 .008707 lxrate1 | 9.6e-07 .000226 -.000039 .000468 -.002781 -.000241 .000365 lremote | -.00004 -.00094 -.012773 -.005505 .047488 .000192 -.000252 .022827 ldist | .000821 -.005258 -.004443 .001523 .003185 .009642 .000702 -.003308 .027799 lopen | .000018 -.000106 -.000987 .00083 .003609 .000285 -.000074 .001151 .000216 english | -.000324 .000056 .003701 .002981 -.019638 -.000323 .001005 -.004794 .005657 white | .000658 -.016973 -.01346 -.000307 .017149 .030628 .001811 .010363 .036514 lwhitemg | -.000109 .000845 -.000129 -.000536 .003123 -.001723 -.000202 .001624 -.002568 _cons | -.036261 .129679 3.77573 -.001702 -13.3787 -.132297 .039575 -.596877 -.216013

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000735 english | -.000516 .012416 white | .001064 .006388 .843107 lwhitemg | .000012 -.000573 -.075754 .007412 _cons | -.048642 .212912 -.480408 -.02846 129.449

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

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Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7731.74Log likelihood = -968.9336 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1695203 .0280142 6.05 0.000 .1146135 .2244271 lgdp | 1.654435 .0691906 23.91 0.000 1.518824 1.790047 lgdpau | -.1162814 .5546833 -0.21 0.834 -1.203441 .9708779lgdpdfrati~w | -.3586884 .2435038 -1.47 0.141 -.835947 .1185702 lpopau | -1.589181 1.943113 -0.82 0.413 -5.397612 2.21925 lpop | -.5091682 .0810334 -6.28 0.000 -.6679908 -.3503457 lxrate1 | -.1414323 .0274283 -5.16 0.000 -.1951909 -.0876738 lremote | -.3217665 .1230248 -2.62 0.009 -.5628906 -.0806424 ldist | -3.509288 .330114 -10.63 0.000 -4.1563 -2.862276 lopen | .0936899 .0468448 2.00 0.045 .0018757 .1855041 english | 1.05435 .145718 7.24 0.000 .768748 1.339952 white | 10.82925 1.919375 5.64 0.000 7.067348 14.59116 lwhitemg | -.9512933 .1915466 -4.97 0.000 -1.326718 -.5758688 _cons | 40.12281 18.51766 2.17 0.030 3.82886 76.41675------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000785 lgdp | -.001161 .004787 lgdpau | -.00176 .003115 .307674lgdpdfrati~w | -.001109 .002383 -.017465 .059294 lpopau | .004813 -.01695 -1.04485 .069433 3.77569 lpop | .00071 -.004086 -.001273 -.001585 .006456 .006566 lxrate1 | .000051 .000358 -.000191 .00111 -.00434 -.000647 .000752 lremote | .000024 -.000466 -.004463 -.000821 .00888 -.000733 .000068 .015135 ldist | .003648 .003278 -.011572 -.002872 -.011613 .000339 .001245 .008253 .108975 lopen | .00014 -.000798 .001418 .001763 -.005932 .001395 -.000308 .000465 -.001003 english | -.00141 .003088 .00293 .003732 -.023474 .001412 .001899 -.004422 -.000253 white | .000274 -.026345 .012032 .00229 -.005599 .022166 .004329 .011382 -.150811 lwhitemg | -6.7e-07 .001478 -.00192 -.000569 .004395 -.001427 -.000415 .000609 .013195 _cons | -.056307 .132005 9.39054 -.747435 -35.0207 -.082232 .062122 -.219832 -.713108

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002194 english | -.001754 .021234 white | .003263 .022728 3.684 lwhitemg | -.000197 -.002618 -.361344 .03669 _cons | .063009 .251864 1.32007 -.161604 342.904

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9770.46Log likelihood = -1098.684 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0214244 .0155574 1.38 0.168 -.0090676 .0519164 lgdp | 1.426202 .0487958 29.23 0.000 1.330564 1.52184 lgdpau | .6955459 .4863731 1.43 0.153 -.257728 1.64882lgdpdfrati~w | -.0071703 .1612732 -0.04 0.965 -.32326 .3089194 lpopau | -6.012003 1.653331 -3.64 0.000 -9.252472 -2.771535 lpop | -.0198714 .0744245 -0.27 0.789 -.1657407 .1259979 lxrate1 | -.0569529 .0197889 -2.88 0.004 -.0957385 -.0181673 lremote | -.999025 .1503577 -6.64 0.000 -1.293721 -.7043292 ldist | -3.277822 .1970874 -16.63 0.000 -3.664106 -2.891538 lopen | .0646305 .0418463 1.54 0.122 -.0173867 .1466478 english | 2.351068 .1443324 16.29 0.000 2.068182 2.633955 white | 3.570686 1.143557 3.12 0.002 1.329357 5.812016 lwhitemg | -.1815636 .0965256 -1.88 0.060 -.3707503 .0076231 _cons | 92.5057 15.76604 5.87 0.000 61.60483 123.4066------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000242 lgdp | -.000422 .002381 lgdpau | -.000246 .000403 .236559lgdpdfrati~w | -.000441 .000475 .002009 .026009 lpopau | -.000637 .000833 -.785661 -.004955 2.7335 lpop | .000222 -.002825 -.000332 .000147 -.002651 .005539 lxrate1 | -.00002 .000192 .000262 .00051 -.001984 -.000396 .000392 lremote | .00024 .000428 -.014272 -.002229 .045841 -.000943 -.00029 .022607 ldist | .000569 .000126 -.010066 -.00212 .02449 -.000051 .000158 .015252 .038843 lopen | .000081 -.000345 .000205 .001886 -.000508 .000722 -.000133 .000914 .000091 english | -.000732 .000056 .002234 .001296 -.009698 .002596 .001026 -.004083 .001979 white | .000455 -.01384 -.003682 -.001385 .00495 .025704 -.000216 .003543 -.018474 lwhitemg | -5.2e-06 .000754 -.00071 .00013 .002364 -.001689 .000082 .001092 .003901

_cons | .015235 -.036788 7.0432 .030489 -25.3456 .036182 .026631 -.722455 -.652813

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001751 english | -.001366 .020832 white | .00094 .037821 1.30772 lwhitemg | -.000014 -.003227 -.107014 .009317 _cons | -.010002 .068898 .048722 -.05742 248.568

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english> white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 703.35Log likelihood = -581.26 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4135779 .0410981 10.06 0.000 .3330271 .4941287

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lgdp | .1164818 .0582322 2.00 0.045 .0023487 .2306149 lgdpau | .5109 .4037118 1.27 0.206 -.2803606 1.302161lgdpdfrati~w | -.6063998 .1549184 -3.91 0.000 -.9100342 -.3027654 lpopau | -2.590051 1.464457 -1.77 0.077 -5.460334 .2802319 lpop | .4657847 .0807231 5.77 0.000 .3075702 .6239992 lxrate1 | -.1373323 .0244978 -5.61 0.000 -.1853472 -.0893175 lremote | .2273338 .1661528 1.37 0.171 -.0983198 .5529874 ldist | -1.190018 .3894503 -3.06 0.002 -1.953326 -.4267092 lopen | .1386969 .0217918 6.36 0.000 .0959857 .181408 english | .5989478 .2097728 2.86 0.004 .1878008 1.010095 white | 10.68296 .6805826 15.70 0.000 9.349043 12.01688 lwhitemg | -1.027612 .0683968 -15.02 0.000 -1.161667 -.8935563 _cons | 33.74225 14.91981 2.26 0.024 4.499964 62.98453------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001689 lgdp | -.000479 .003391 lgdpau | .003031 -.003856 .162983lgdpdfrati~w | -.001472 -.000661 -.005383 .024 lpopau | -.020669 .021347 -.563678 .019347 2.14463 lpop | -.000729 -.002502 -.000338 .000953 -.005648 .006516 lxrate1 | .000083 .000168 .001488 .000874 -.00824 -.000445 .0006 lremote | .002578 .002563 -.014081 -.007002 .034638 -.002956 -.000246 .027607 ldist | .004069 -.003754 -.003438 -.001634 -.062849 .011911 .001216 .021526 .151672 lopen | .000379 -.000456 -.000214 -.000925 -.002989 .000252 -.00019 .000478 .000899 english | -.002285 .000878 -.002537 .003708 .001804 .004961 .001112 -.002799 .010836 white | .00674 -.00304 .023439 -.001594 -.161874 .00685 .004078 .008622 -.027104 lwhitemg | -.000738 -.000265 -.002955 .000236 .016368 -.000064 -.00043 -.000102 .005034 _cons | .215551 -.277518 5.30639 -.120496 -20.7644 -.02526 .087747 -.672297 -.63082

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000475 english | -.001065 .044005 white | .000297 .0447 .463193 lwhitemg | .000014 -.002064 -.043855 .004678 _cons | .048934 -.159412 2.12698 -.226412 222.601

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english > white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3219.96Log likelihood = -590.7237 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1326415 .0299202 4.43 0.000 .073999 .191284 lgdp | .2317874 .0522893 4.43 0.000 .1293022 .3342725 lgdpau | -.1138536 .0605078 -1.88 0.060 -.2324467 .0047395lgdpdfrati~w | -.1147853 .0399719 -2.87 0.004 -.1931289 -.0364418 lpopau | 2.505324 .2485202 10.08 0.000 2.018233 2.992414 lpop | .7509075 .1011068 7.43 0.000 .5527418 .9490731

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lxrate1 | -.0107646 .0079271 -1.36 0.174 -.0263014 .0047722 lremote | .1341257 .0312311 4.29 0.000 .0729139 .1953375 ldist | -3.210793 .3337569 -9.62 0.000 -3.864945 -2.556642 lopen | -.0096322 .0288978 -0.33 0.739 -.0662709 .0470065 english | .879941 .2797895 3.15 0.002 .3315637 1.428318 white | 23.63596 2.942091 8.03 0.000 17.86956 29.40235 lwhitemg | -2.208933 .2734975 -8.08 0.000 -2.744978 -1.672887 _cons | -21.01284 4.895637 -4.29 0.000 -30.60811 -11.41757------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000895 lgdp | -.000492 .002734 lgdpau | -.000632 -.00049 .003661lgdpdfrati~w | .000297 -.001056 .000757 .001598 lpopau | .004336 .000102 -.012595 .000294 .061762 lpop | -.000286 -.002271 .001314 .000541 -.004703 .010223 lxrate1 | 9.5e-06 .000083 -.000045 .00003 .000633 -.000218 .000063 lremote | -.000295 .001143 -.000619 -.000924 .000038 -.00075 .000032 .000975 ldist | .003066 -.000648 -.002599 .000217 .018464 -.001412 -.000089 -.000248 .111394 lopen | -.000324 -.000254 .000241 -.000383 -.003919 .001047 -.000157 .000172 -.000693 english | -.000683 .000106 .000592 .000126 -.00542 -.00057 .000047 -.000104 .054411 white | .002485 -.005166 .001001 .001822 -.001593 .026443 -.000489 -.002224 .014942 lwhitemg | -.00048 .000099 .000179 -.000066 -.00187 -.002769 .000042 .000092 -.003644 _cons | -.071897 -.016457 .136779 -.006763 -.824441 -.044584 -.007583 -.002179 -1.28538

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000835 english | -.00004 .078282 white | .001253 .032038 8.6559 lwhitemg | .000015 -.002289 -.792967 .074801 _cons | .056557 -.452738 -.46069 .105835 23.9673

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 492.00Log likelihood = -551.2269 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .525328 .0484363 10.85 0.000 .4303945 .6202615 lgdp | .0352434 .0769737 0.46 0.647 -.1156224 .1861092 lgdpau | 2.008878 .7876185 2.55 0.011 .4651736 3.552581lgdpdfrati~w | -.3697288 .2801607 -1.32 0.187 -.9188337 .1793761 lpopau | -9.168277 2.705403 -3.39 0.001 -14.47077 -3.865786 lpop | .3027891 .0979595 3.09 0.002 .1107921 .4947861 lxrate1 | -.1013588 .0253823 -3.99 0.000 -.1511073 -.0516104 lremote | -.1115908 .2580887 -0.43 0.665 -.6174353 .3942537 ldist | -1.597507 .3313723 -4.82 0.000 -2.246985 -.9480296 lopen | .0356114 .0528165 0.67 0.500 -.067907 .1391297

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english | -.1446929 .2398163 -0.60 0.546 -.6147243 .3253384 white | 9.121995 1.043461 8.74 0.000 7.076849 11.16714 lwhitemg | -.8387604 .0923733 -9.08 0.000 -1.019809 -.6577121 _cons | 112.6318 25.74145 4.38 0.000 62.17944 163.0841------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002346 lgdp | -.001327 .005925 lgdpau | .00048 -.000186 .620343lgdpdfrati~w | -.001535 .001833 -.018347 .07849 lpopau | -.00685 -.005858 -2.07054 .069688 7.3192 lpop | -.000345 -.004253 -.000847 -.000475 .000976 .009596 lxrate1 | .00011 -.000108 .000367 .00098 -.003967 -.000453 .000644 lremote | .002045 .003948 -.024398 -.012482 .070185 -.003673 .000441 .06661 ldist | .004726 .001117 -.011081 -.003476 -.003079 .003676 .000927 .033649 .109808 lopen | -.000316 .00092 -.000182 -.000614 -.007706 .000562 -.000021 .001072 .001999 english | -.001911 .001141 .00413 .004361 -.021836 .000039 .001211 -.009002 .025426 white | .012075 -.024317 .012034 -.005951 -.079766 .028817 .005375 .017873 -.00345 lwhitemg | -.00122 .001224 -.002673 -.000228 .014688 -.001708 -.000425 .000838 .00091 _cons | .059072 -.002302 18.4191 -.64264 -67.592 -.050578 .049216 -1.45314 -1.10904

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00279 english | .000059 .057512 white | -.00228 .021728 1.08881 lwhitemg | .000098 -.000944 -.092128 .008533 _cons | .078902 .048974 .839908 -.177434 662.622

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1381.80Log likelihood = -238.9308 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0153752 .0103545 1.48 0.138 -.0049193 .0356697 lgdp | .3093485 .0549986 5.62 0.000 .2015533 .4171437 lgdpau | -.1426052 .3083241 -0.46 0.644 -.7469093 .461699lgdpdfrati~w | -.1952405 .1533126 -1.27 0.203 -.4957276 .1052466 lpopau | 1.954084 1.073973 1.82 0.069 -.1508636 4.059031 lpop | .0422017 .0756199 0.56 0.577 -.1060106 .1904139 lxrate1 | -.0424537 .0154013 -2.76 0.006 -.0726396 -.0122677 lremote | -.1536734 .1096358 -1.40 0.161 -.3685556 .0612088 ldist | -1.436427 .2213494 -6.49 0.000 -1.870264 -1.00259 lopen | -.0080844 .0242255 -0.33 0.739 -.0555654 .0393967 english | 1.723897 .2252699 7.65 0.000 1.282376 2.165418 white | 6.53313 1.909406 3.42 0.001 2.790763 10.2755 lwhitemg | -.4256201 .1975297 -2.15 0.031 -.8127712 -.0384691 _cons | -19.75992 10.70297 -1.85 0.065 -40.73735 1.217517------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

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| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000107 lgdp | -.000151 .003025 lgdpau | -.000061 -.001365 .095064lgdpdfrati~w | -.00033 -.000096 -.001088 .023505 lpopau | -.000245 .005565 -.320814 .009784 1.15342 lpop | .00011 -.003245 .001022 .000463 -.005995 .005718 lxrate1 | -.000012 .000129 .000689 .000603 -.003441 -.000145 .000237 lremote | .000054 .001449 -.006938 -.003403 .023289 -.001004 -.000199 .01202 ldist | .000317 .001283 -.002068 -.000789 .001392 .003203 -.000263 .000338 .048996 lopen | .000015 -.000239 -.000044 .000771 -.000875 .000306 -7.8e-06 -.000115 -.000119 english | -.00009 -.003944 .004817 .002065 -.015877 .005458 .000281 -.004697 .017626 white | .000931 -.026068 .018651 .001245 -.094807 .029332 .000721 .00155 -.019513 lwhitemg | -.000089 .001635 -.001764 -.000102 .008558 -.002128 -.000052 .000375 .000334 _cons | .003753 -.096165 2.92019 -.127079 -10.9613 .033591 .041247 -.323838 -.516351

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000587 english | -.000107 .050747 white | .001326 .09232 3.64583 lwhitemg | -.000062 -.008533 -.372378 .039018 _cons | .017879 .002758 1.34983 -.10361 114.554

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1025.92Log likelihood = -833.1682 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1540767 .0642476 2.40 0.016 .0281536 .2799997 lgdp | .5032328 .1085416 4.64 0.000 .2904952 .7159705 lgdpau | -2.272492 1.097233 -2.07 0.038 -4.423028 -.1219554lgdpdfrati~w | -1.151609 .4443918 -2.59 0.010 -2.022601 -.2806173 lpopau | 4.618945 3.762111 1.23 0.220 -2.754657 11.99255 lpop | .2298394 .1241222 1.85 0.064 -.0134357 .4731146 lxrate1 | -.1646718 .0397535 -4.14 0.000 -.2425871 -.0867564 lremote | 1.773608 .2746672 6.46 0.000 1.23527 2.311946 ldist | -1.607609 .4650759 -3.46 0.001 -2.519141 -.6960766 lopen | .0078342 .0768777 0.10 0.919 -.1428434 .1585117 english | .4684537 .2607189 1.80 0.072 -.0425459 .9794533 white | 11.2748 1.487174 7.58 0.000 8.359989 14.18961 lwhitemg | -.8755156 .1427265 -6.13 0.000 -1.155254 -.5957767 _cons | -28.17147 35.35656 -0.80 0.426 -97.46906 41.12611------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004128 lgdp | -.004268 .011781 lgdpau | -.002192 .005674 1.20392lgdpdfrati~w | -.001845 .004552 -.00198 .197484

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lpopau | .003911 -.027977 -4.02403 .057087 14.1535 lpop | .001449 -.010115 -.002592 -.002828 .012275 .015406 lxrate1 | .000103 .00154 .000853 .001433 -.009849 -.001444 .00158 lremote | .001502 -.002591 -.031848 -.021005 .079546 .002601 .001043 .075442 ldist | .012164 -.010341 -.011105 -.011097 .002767 .011908 -.002399 .021946 .216296 lopen | .000285 -.000703 .006058 .000758 -.032707 .002051 -.000369 .002957 .004109 english | -.005762 .010886 .007504 .00187 -.027746 -.00871 -.000662 -.004746 .023502 white | .025811 -.049053 -.038482 -.038737 .05999 .048453 .005572 .11877 .121122 lwhitemg | -.002909 .002935 -.000073 .001137 .010278 -.002376 -.000822 -.004723 -.015618 _cons | -.082754 .341891 35.4834 -.86023 -129.659 -.28403 .135785 -1.33097 -2.00744

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00591 english | -.000871 .067974 white | .001123 .031272 2.21169 lwhitemg | .00002 -.005222 -.202455 .020371 _cons | .306627 -.011485 -1.9892 .01184 1250.09

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 592.12Log likelihood = -105.2021 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0301854 .0277569 1.09 0.277 -.0242171 .0845878 lgdp | .1360306 .059017 2.30 0.021 .0203595 .2517017 lgdpau | .3662245 .3947016 0.93 0.353 -.4073763 1.139825lgdpdfrati~w | .3303104 .1857166 1.78 0.075 -.0336874 .6943081 lpopau | 2.873867 1.403679 2.05 0.041 .1227058 5.625028 lpop | .3120438 .0792613 3.94 0.000 .1566946 .467393 lxrate1 | -.0378234 .0162424 -2.33 0.020 -.069658 -.0059889 lremote | -.0175476 .1226757 -0.14 0.886 -.2579875 .2228923 ldist | -2.367787 .4143793 -5.71 0.000 -3.179955 -1.555618 lopen | .0639358 .0372388 1.72 0.086 -.0090509 .1369225 english | .9658456 .1918338 5.03 0.000 .5898583 1.341833 white | 15.67964 1.198652 13.08 0.000 13.33032 18.02895 lwhitemg | -1.322782 .1106326 -11.96 0.000 -1.539618 -1.105946 _cons | -42.33007 14.55368 -2.91 0.004 -70.85475 -13.80539------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00077 lgdp | -.000616 .003483 lgdpau | -.000581 -.000155 .155789lgdpdfrati~w | -.000726 .00063 .000636 .034491 lpopau | .001776 .001819 -.523378 .014034 1.97032 lpop | -.000082 -.00258 .000614 .000715 -.006432 .006282 lxrate1 | .000042 .000104 .000221 .000563 -.002693 -.000115 .000264 lremote | .000805 .00202 -.007117 -.003691 .020563 -.001616 .000092 .015049 ldist | .002267 -.003458 -.009288 -.006975 -.003297 .008465 .000137 .014609 .17171 lopen | -4.9e-06 -.000087 .000276 .000225 -.004516 .000515 -.000061 -9.7e-06 .00009 english | -.00115 -.00092 .003343 .002647 -.018964 .005126 .000176 -.004512 .008443 white | .003592 -.0171 .029724 -.004204 -.289138 .027076 .003512 -.005287 -.016025

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lwhitemg | -.000408 .000947 -.002994 .000326 .027899 -.002104 -.000371 .000545 .002454 _cons | -.03126 -.045418 4.74028 -.210417 -19.0513 -.018003 .034615 -.443726 -1.53773

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001387 english | .000108 .0368 white | -.000278 .052448 1.43677 lwhitemg | .000048 -.004599 -.129722 .01224 _cons | .061719 .119959 4.12923 -.396448 211.81

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 262.90Log likelihood = 130.9782 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0075874 .0185613 -0.41 0.683 -.0439669 .0287921 lgdp | .2722154 .0523959 5.20 0.000 .1695214 .3749095 lgdpau | -.3204595 .3503378 -0.91 0.360 -1.007109 .3661899lgdpdfrati~w | -.1322672 .1533481 -0.86 0.388 -.432824 .1682897 lpopau | 4.4895 1.279433 3.51 0.000 1.981858 6.997143 lpop | -.051999 .0635194 -0.82 0.413 -.1764948 .0724968 lxrate1 | -.0990746 .0154228 -6.42 0.000 -.1293028 -.0688464 lremote | .3592926 .1288637 2.79 0.005 .1067243 .6118608 ldist | -1.32849 .2829901 -4.69 0.000 -1.88314 -.7738391 lopen | .0214341 .0292644 0.73 0.464 -.0359231 .0787913 english | .3178256 .1739348 1.83 0.068 -.0230803 .6587316 white | 9.340019 2.095356 4.46 0.000 5.233196 13.44684 lwhitemg | -.7837718 .2010333 -3.90 0.000 -1.17779 -.3897539 _cons | -60.82483 13.66333 -4.45 0.000 -87.60447 -34.04519------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000345 lgdp | -.000379 .002745 lgdpau | .000239 -.000577 .122737lgdpdfrati~w | -.000505 .000257 -.004835 .023516 lpopau | -.002465 .003684 -.421348 .026282 1.63695 lpop | .000073 -.002417 -.000194 .000151 .000579 .004035 lxrate1 | -7.1e-06 .000026 .000504 .000516 -.004341 -.000128 .000238 lremote | .000261 .001791 -.007751 -.001627 .027382 -.001468 -.000054 .016606 ldist | .001644 -.002034 -.002215 -.001834 .004965 .005023 .00002 .006875 .080083 lopen | 7.1e-06 -.000036 .000055 .000241 -.001705 .00021 -.000041 .000056 -.000467 english | -.000494 -.001882 -.000103 .001325 .020731 .005241 .000233 -.001281 .016826 white | .002509 -.016069 .016888 -.004658 -.147509 .017916 .001786 -.00131 .018138 lwhitemg | -.000279 .001036 -.002061 .000531 .014913 -.00144 -.000132 .000758 -.002751 _cons | .023056 -.063474 3.87609 -.310156 -16.4814 -.049798 .058956 -.477108 -.892065

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000856 english | -.000394 .030253 white | -.000615 .0395 4.39052

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lwhitemg | .00009 -.003758 -.414608 .040414 _cons | .028725 -.536983 1.89467 -.17229 186.687

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 481.40Log likelihood = -689.2197 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .180119 .0541813 3.32 0.001 .0739257 .2863124 lgdp | .7803044 .1078327 7.24 0.000 .5689563 .9916526 lgdpau | -.7659074 .6778463 -1.13 0.259 -2.094462 .5626469lgdpdfrati~w | -.5343443 .3018569 -1.77 0.077 -1.125973 .0572843 lpopau | 3.855641 2.335255 1.65 0.099 -.721375 8.432657 lpop | -.2800537 .154186 -1.82 0.069 -.5822527 .0221452 lxrate1 | -.1598496 .0328149 -4.87 0.000 -.2241655 -.0955337 lremote | .1986953 .235445 0.84 0.399 -.2627685 .6601591 ldist | -2.836588 .6860143 -4.13 0.000 -4.181152 -1.492025 lopen | .0492878 .0713037 0.69 0.489 -.0904648 .1890405 english | -.2333747 .439071 -0.53 0.595 -1.093938 .6271887 white | 19.59891 4.266995 4.59 0.000 11.23575 27.96206 lwhitemg | -1.790313 .3924687 -4.56 0.000 -2.559537 -1.021088 _cons | -28.63576 22.95371 -1.25 0.212 -73.6242 16.35269------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002936 lgdp | -.002588 .011628 lgdpau | .001071 -.000744 .459476lgdpdfrati~w | -.002143 .003848 -.007838 .091118 lpopau | -.00726 -.003245 -1.52723 .059976 5.45342 lpop | .000094 -.009124 -.001976 -.001762 -.006256 .023773 lxrate1 | .000143 .000683 .00224 .00142 -.011091 -.000992 .001077 lremote | .000857 .004299 -.020558 -.013818 .038492 -.003035 .000513 .055434 ldist | .011758 .008496 -.006129 -.005071 -.054019 .007331 .000451 .029491 .470616 lopen | .000465 -.001363 -.001103 .000319 -.01203 .002457 -.000271 .000642 .003341 english | -.006023 .001241 .001213 .006006 -.021054 .02067 .000269 -.004214 .132029 white | .009363 -.041009 .13052 .035324 -.345616 .080663 .005286 .023579 .257752 lwhitemg | -.001469 .002033 -.013706 -.004416 .040745 -.006213 -.000648 .000298 -.039172 _cons | .017889 -.156536 13.5601 -.768524 -50.0595 -.056499 .110354 -.907371 -4.06973

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005084 english | -.001361 .192783 white | .006995 .297038 18.2072 lwhitemg | -.000447 -.032535 -1.64662 .154032 _cons | .185423 -1.27547 -.901604 .128808 526.873

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1209.22Log likelihood = -554.7708 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1809054 .0443615 4.08 0.000 .0939585 .2678524 lgdp | .6027076 .0989379 6.09 0.000 .4087928 .7966223 lgdpau | .7344098 .6220632 1.18 0.238 -.4848117 1.953631lgdpdfrati~w | -.0953956 .2624726 -0.36 0.716 -.6098324 .4190412 lpopau | -3.274764 2.149899 -1.52 0.128 -7.488489 .938962 lpop | .4842275 .1279565 3.78 0.000 .2334373 .7350177 lxrate1 | -.0843677 .0290811 -2.90 0.004 -.1413657 -.0273698 lremote | -.1865524 .2221651 -0.84 0.401 -.6219879 .2488832 ldist | -2.301958 .4315199 -5.33 0.000 -3.147721 -1.456194 lopen | -.0856264 .0683402 -1.25 0.210 -.2195707 .0483179 english | 1.143112 .3172538 3.60 0.000 .5213063 1.764918 white | 21.76789 3.353619 6.49 0.000 15.19492 28.34087 lwhitemg | -2.104629 .2934771 -7.17 0.000 -2.679833 -1.529424 _cons | 40.57331 20.65269 1.96 0.049 .094778 81.05185------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001968 lgdp | -.001728 .009789 lgdpau | -.002121 .004976 .386963lgdpdfrati~w | -.00153 .002877 -.008826 .068892 lpopau | .006663 -.034157 -1.29294 .026667 4.62207 lpop | .000363 -.008337 -.003692 -.002417 .016463 .016373 lxrate1 | .000057 .000592 .000333 .00136 -.004853 -.000764 .000846 lremote | .000441 .003486 -.013557 -.016011 .029558 -.002363 .000319 .049357 ldist | .007176 -.00247 -.00883 -.002131 -.004011 .016241 .0004 .00685 .186209 lopen | .000205 -.000084 .000281 .002601 -.010336 .00122 -.000071 .001012 .001829 english | -.003135 .003517 .005618 .005658 -.027108 -.002476 .000658 -.007853 .05821 white | .006573 -.033574 .03294 -.00347 -.046457 .055167 .004348 .017091 .048892 lwhitemg | -.000905 .001124 -.004322 -.001108 .013323 -.003752 -.000454 .000885 -.008298 _cons | -.102185 .344931 11.4628 -.140209 -42.5272 -.378804 .059605 -.658826 -1.77985

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00467 english | -.001652 .10065 white | .004471 -.002407 11.2468 lwhitemg | -.000481 .001514 -.968981 .086129 _cons | .119952 -.24119 -.89533 .005434 426.534

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

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Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1809.78Log likelihood = -748.736 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0519246 .0329818 1.57 0.115 -.0127185 .1165676 lgdp | 1.047424 .0996353 10.51 0.000 .852142 1.242705 lgdpau | .526919 .7004023 0.75 0.452 -.8458444 1.899682lgdpdfrati~w | -.1680749 .2803465 -0.60 0.549 -.7175438 .3813941 lpopau | 4.511315 2.436107 1.85 0.064 -.2633668 9.285996 lpop | -.4890699 .1453871 -3.36 0.001 -.7740233 -.2041165 lxrate1 | -.1491395 .0249223 -5.98 0.000 -.1979863 -.1002927 lremote | -.3304963 .192752 -1.71 0.086 -.7082834 .0472907 ldist | -1.712846 .7392711 -2.32 0.021 -3.161791 -.2639013 lopen | -.0134161 .0712695 -0.19 0.851 -.1531017 .1262696 english | .2395772 .3438944 0.70 0.486 -.4344433 .9135978 white | 28.18447 2.773949 10.16 0.000 22.74763 33.62131 lwhitemg | -2.629607 .2685564 -9.79 0.000 -3.155968 -2.103246 _cons | -82.48687 24.38413 -3.38 0.001 -130.2789 -34.69485------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist

-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001088 lgdp | -.001854 .009927 lgdpau | .000172 -.00035 .490563lgdpdfrati~w | -.001981 .003531 -.014085 .078594 lpopau | -.007289 -.004964 -1.6393 .060874 5.93462 lpop | .001715 -.012306 -.002771 -.002865 .024289 .021137 lxrate1 | .000011 .000499 .001193 .000986 -.010896 -.000922 .000621 lremote | .001161 .004935 -.018396 -.004257 .017442 -.004278 .000407 .037153 ldist | .005731 .016033 -.027206 -.003994 -.045409 .006289 .001353 .068116 .546522 lopen | .000238 -.000466 -.002726 .004998 .000782 .000772 -.000248 .001581 .002698 english | -.001074 .003191 .003116 .003608 -.011043 -.000378 .001156 .00194 .068615 white | .01656 -.059157 .053726 -.026041 -.4321 .070285 .008566 .029086 .049633 lwhitemg | -.00149 .004079 -.006278 .002078 .047297 -.005067 -.000835 -.002013 -.012299 _cons | .063003 -.13128 14.8023 -.67113 -55.4333 -.408969 .132397 -.828974 -4.85173

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005079

english | -.001235 .118263 white | -.00774 .21419 7.6948 lwhitemg | .000934 -.023951 -.734228 .072123 _cons | .015949 -.649935 5.15028 -.487238 594.586

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 503.05Log likelihood = -576.3076 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3931514 .0594254 6.62 0.000 .2766798 .509623 lgdp | .292969 .1003802 2.92 0.004 .0962273 .4897106 lgdpau | 1.201497 .7606139 1.58 0.114 -.2892786 2.692273lgdpdfrati~w | -.5741883 .3237027 -1.77 0.076 -1.208634 .0602573 lpopau | -4.928231 2.625068 -1.88 0.060 -10.07327 .2168081 lpop | .3122034 .1065175 2.93 0.003 .1034329 .5209738 lxrate1 | -.0931764 .0343562 -2.71 0.007 -.1605134 -.0258394 lremote | .023175 .2291949 0.10 0.919 -.4260388 .4723888 ldist | -1.052042 .5784315 -1.82 0.069 -2.185747 .0816633 lopen | .1065194 .0722914 1.47 0.141 -.0351693 .248208 english | .1399993 .2802 0.50 0.617 -.4091826 .6891812 white | 19.73838 2.118008 9.32 0.000 15.58717 23.8896 lwhitemg | -1.875015 .2020876 -9.28 0.000 -2.271099 -1.47893 _cons | 51.47314 24.85284 2.07 0.038 2.762457 100.1838------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003531 lgdp | -.003381 .010076 lgdpau | -.002323 .006524 .578533lgdpdfrati~w | -.002767 .006404 -.010064 .104783 lpopau | .005411 -.035282 -1.93399 .052036 6.89098 lpop | .00119 -.00658 -.004408 -.00439 .011533 .011346 lxrate1 | .000294 .000522 -.000212 .000905 -.004181 -.000644 .00118 lremote | .000292 .002619 -.009533 -.017197 -.002129 .001085 .001538 .05253 ldist | .012022 -.001937 -.007711 -.0136 -.062468 .009948 .000637 .039661 .334583 lopen | -.000325 .000815 .002089 -6.2e-06 -.022716 .001631 -.000158 .002379 .003148 english | -.003141 .006174 .005124 .001578 -.023155 .000714 -.001541 .008217 .089201 white | .025911 -.042808 -.001415 -.073121 .086365 .018736 -.001317 .114628 .225844 lwhitemg | -.002886 .002614 -.001651 .00451 .002679 -.000764 -.0002 -.008038 -.030931 _cons | -.108093 .29806 17.0091 -.485815 -62.4686 -.212651 .049043 -.621931 -2.47677

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005226 english | -.000115 .078512 white | -.007408 .146343 4.48596 lwhitemg | .000686 -.017109 -.419204 .040839 _cons | .233719 -.815606 -4.0224 .33563 617.664

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1423.66Log likelihood = -272.5345 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0002983 .0242944 -0.01 0.990 -.0479144 .0473178 lgdp | .4745794 .0847773 5.60 0.000 .3084189 .6407399 lgdpau | -.3565786 .5055774 -0.71 0.481 -1.347492 .6343349lgdpdfrati~w | .0637207 .236388 0.27 0.787 -.3995913 .5270326 lpopau | 1.52487 1.743996 0.87 0.382 -1.893299 4.943039

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lpop | -.25908 .1240237 -2.09 0.037 -.5021619 -.0159981 lxrate1 | -.0476591 .0237328 -2.01 0.045 -.0941745 -.0011437 lremote | .0130065 .1741132 0.07 0.940 -.3282492 .3542621 ldist | -3.916708 .5195598 -7.54 0.000 -4.935026 -2.898389 lopen | .0041718 .0512134 0.08 0.935 -.0962046 .1045482 english | .0131153 .2965794 0.04 0.965 -.5681696 .5944002 white | 16.23037 2.576807 6.30 0.000 11.17992 21.28081 lwhitemg | -1.200181 .275354 -4.36 0.000 -1.739865 -.660497 _cons | 16.154 17.42828 0.93 0.354 -18.0048 50.3128------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00059 lgdp | -.000712 .007187 lgdpau | .000095 -.001805 .255609lgdpdfrati~w | -.000945 .002016 -.008764 .055879 lpopau | -.001098 .001223 -.852651 .05071 3.04152 lpop | .000175 -.007002 -.000186 -.000793 -.005069 .015382 lxrate1 | -.000037 .000196 .001325 .001187 -.006549 -.000547 .000563 lremote | .000143 .002502 -.017716 -.00439 .050926 -.002612 -.000108 .030315 ldist | .002485 .002262 -.010663 -.002081 -.015687 .020518 -.000347 .014603 .269942 lopen | .000077 -.000296 -.00189 .001428 .001506 .000965 -.00005 .000028 .000728 english | -.001173 .000491 .001756 .002117 -.00406 .00489 .000616 -.000101 .058564 white | .003989 -.041819 .039191 -.010917 -.281322 .072896 .002344 .000889 .168855 lwhitemg | -.000443 .001965 -.004975 .000577 .033874 -.0058 -.00004 .002458 -.021072 _cons | .002352 -.064542 7.74025 -.644483 -28.364 -.167228 .07869 -.796199 -2.56447

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002623 english | -.000034 .087959 white | -.000326 .117145 6.63993 lwhitemg | .000118 -.01192 -.69917 .07582 _cons | .008627 -.637513 1.7709 -.202566 303.745

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. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

.

. *Dropping Mail

. drop if ccode==164660(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist open english gdpdfration> ew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(stat)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491197 1561183 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33461.95 117038.6 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6872 16.87691 102.812 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.03e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1039.919 10901.96 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6739.986 4146.063 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13337.82 3518.024 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7092988 .3898105 .63885 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052421 .1810502 1.017407 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" countries)--RHS Variables> :. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist phone open eng

> lish gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(stat)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404946.2 1597577 3443.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.89 27125.12 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.813 17.22964 101.7094 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.34e+07 1.65e+08 1.06e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1179.316 11682.05 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7166.453 4116.236 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13163.47 3403.03 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.3424 241.8311 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7168739 .4112863 .63875 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.04397 .1859268 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

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.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english> white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8762.58Log likelihood = -519.7625 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3204629 .0307531 10.42 0.000 .2601879 .3807378 lgdp | 1.178986 .0332134 35.50 0.000 1.113889 1.244084 lgdpau | .1157535 .6014445 0.19 0.847 -1.063056 1.294563lgdpdfrati~w | -.8609785 .2450578 -3.51 0.000 -1.341283 -.3806739 lpopau | -2.486977 2.074583 -1.20 0.231 -6.553084 1.57913 lpop | .0403169 .0409545 0.98 0.325 -.0399525 .1205864 lxrate1 | -.1293874 .0163317 -7.92 0.000 -.1613971 -.0973778 lremote | -.4283561 .0751576 -5.70 0.000 -.5756623 -.28105 ldist | -2.084521 .1594738 -13.07 0.000 -2.397084 -1.771958 lopen | .2739519 .0554933 4.94 0.000 .1651869 .3827168 english | .87271 .1285813 6.79 0.000 .6206954 1.124725 white | 4.535263 .5732221 7.91 0.000 3.411768 5.658758 lwhitemg | -.4199369 .050954 -8.24 0.000 -.5198048 -.3200689 _cons | 40.37932 19.10666 2.11 0.035 2.930955 77.82769------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000946 lgdp | -.000286 .001103 lgdpau | -.000855 .001332 .361735lgdpdfrati~w | -.000801 .000132 -.009507 .060053 lpopau | .001553 -.007915 -1.22299 .049562 4.30389 lpop | -.00014 -.000759 .000107 .000188 -.000181 .001677 lxrate1 | .000086 .000156 .000358 .000209 -.002539 -.000094 .000267 lremote | .000476 .000077 -.000422 -.001693 -.00335 -.000254 .000083 .005649 ldist | .00161 .001031 .000757 -.001164 -.015311 -.000041 .00166 .004942 .025432 lopen | -.000155 .000597 .00237 .000759 -.016323 .000324 .000147 .001381 .000878 english | -.001119 .002828 .00277 .002025 -.010317 -.001432 .000554 -.003245 .002974 white | .004799 -.002163 .00333 -.010504 -.028305 .005229 .000388 3.7e-08 -.000315 lwhitemg | -.000582 .000195 -.00031 .000979 .003059 -.000417 -.000056 .000105 -.000452 _cons | -.020371 .072064 10.7766 -.611218 -39.0211 -.004293 .012373 -.026074 -.088288

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00308 english | -.000836 .016533 white | -8.5e-06 -.001054 .328584 lwhitemg | -.000081 .000251 -.02876 .002596 _cons | .171288 .049686 .313479 -.032759 365.064

.

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. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 75760.41Log likelihood = -959.9731 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0522271 .0140125 3.73 0.000 .0247631 .0796911

lgdp | 1.598664 .0512412 31.20 0.000 1.498233 1.699095 lgdpau | .871196 .3581077 2.43 0.015 .1693178 1.573074lgdpdfrati~w | -.4276826 .1481849 -2.89 0.004 -.7181197 -.1372455 lpopau | -6.348964 1.209661 -5.25 0.000 -8.719855 -3.978072 lpop | -.3345974 .0851647 -3.93 0.000 -.5015171 -.1676778 lxrate1 | -.1188058 .0203001 -5.85 0.000 -.1585933 -.0790183 lremote | -.9757264 .0939481 -10.39 0.000 -1.159861 -.7915915 ldist | -3.24294 .1594493 -20.34 0.000 -3.555455 -2.930425 lopen | -.054628 .0267335 -2.04 0.041 -.1070247 -.0022314 english | 1.00664 .0840332 11.98 0.000 .8419379 1.171342 white | 4.794161 .7556337 6.34 0.000 3.313146 6.275176 lwhitemg | -.4730071 .0719237 -6.58 0.000 -.6139749 -.3320392 _cons | 95.60605 11.36583 8.41 0.000 73.32943 117.8827------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000196 lgdp | -.000267 .002626 lgdpau | -.001255 .001827 .128241lgdpdfrati~w | -.000591 .00053 -.011802 .021959 lpopau | .004922 -.007367 -.4242 .024065 1.46328 lpop | .000168 -.004134 -.001515 .000469 .004276 .007253 lxrate1 | -.000027 .000284 -.00003 .000396 -.003163 -.000313 .000412 lremote | .000421 .000336 -.006463 -.003164 .022957 -.001251 .000075 .008826 ldist | .000628 -.00144 -.006357 -.001382 .016107 .002232 .000549 .0039 .025424 lopen | .000045 -.000101 -.000971 .000919 .003566 .000262 -.000073 .000611 .000231 english | -.000424 .000259 .003153 .002567 -.020336 .000313 .001111 -.002631 .002057 white | .001164 -.012867 -.010552 -.003644 .041647 .019817 -.001044 .005972 -.023535 lwhitemg | -.000095 .000684 .000448 .000182 -.002728 -.000974 .000143 .000082 .003285 _cons | -.055281 .090351 3.78958 -.086873 -13.4392 -.061695 .044109 -.3134 -.387566

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000715 english | -.000397 .007062 white | .001751 -.002177 .570982 lwhitemg | -.00013 .000417 -.052861 .005173 _cons | -.043733 .242086 -.254121 .000253 129.182

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng

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> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7684.98Log likelihood = -927.4044 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .095872 .0215117 4.46 0.000 .0537099 .1380341 lgdp | 1.740136 .0690385 25.21 0.000 1.604823 1.875449 lgdpau | .2264669 .5327071 0.43 0.671 -.8176198 1.270554lgdpdfrati~w | -.5074162 .2134934 -2.38 0.017 -.9258556 -.0889767 lpopau | -3.647111 1.850592 -1.97 0.049 -7.274204 -.0200176 lpop | -.5939652 .08156 -7.28 0.000 -.75382 -.4341105 lxrate1 | -.1608576 .0267903 -6.00 0.000 -.2133655 -.1083497 lremote | -.426721 .1284925 -3.32 0.001 -.6785616 -.1748804 ldist | -4.130348 .3350605 -12.33 0.000 -4.787055 -3.473642 lopen | .0540612 .0417058 1.30 0.195 -.0276807 .135803 english | 1.177956 .1440454 8.18 0.000 .8956319 1.46028 white | 10.04855 1.865096 5.39 0.000 6.393032 13.70407 lwhitemg | -.8574546 .1861504 -4.61 0.000 -1.222303 -.4926067 _cons | 72.12838 17.60809 4.10 0.000 37.61716 106.6396------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000463 lgdp | -.00075 .004766 lgdpau | -.001722 .003623 .283777lgdpdfrati~w | -.000795 .002241 -.018354 .045579 lpopau | .004992 -.018492 -.956084 .059879 3.42469 lpop | .000554 -.004096 -.00151 -.002054 .003992 .006652 lxrate1 | .000014 .000495 -.000025 .000959 -.005021 -.000726 .000718 lremote | -.000064 -.000531 -.007247 -.001453 .0234 -.001149 .000111 .01651 ldist | .001992 .007856 -.010643 -.001786 -.008853 -.001747 .001356 .007569 .112266 lopen | .000098 -.000592 -.000187 .001935 .001179 .001004 -.000198 .000561 -.00065 english | -.000848 .002303 .00635 .00118 -.045485 .002769 .001829 -.00496 .005064 white | .001109 -.029995 .006142 -.00481 -.024473 .0263 .003766 .011445 -.142386 lwhitemg | -.0001 .001571 -.001732 -.000052 .008126 -.001706 -.000399 .000893 .011136 _cons | -.049114 .100095 8.55045 -.544235 -31.5811 -.011984 .066387 -.385317 -.872679

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001739 english | -.00139 .020749 white | .002544 .022836 3.47858 lwhitemg | -.000131 -.00278 -.340213 .034652 _cons | -.016477 .479437 1.7289 -.209333 310.045

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2368.21Log likelihood = -1076.706 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0937599 .0316648 2.96 0.003 .0316981 .1558218 lgdp | .9394471 .0685552 13.70 0.000 .8050813 1.073813 lgdpau | -.489913 .7888134 -0.62 0.535 -2.035959 1.056133lgdpdfrati~w | -.3693598 .3088207 -1.20 0.232 -.9746372 .2359177 lpopau | .6115348 2.688324 0.23 0.820 -4.657483 5.880553 lpop | -.0584385 .0850716 -0.69 0.492 -.2251757 .1082986 lxrate1 | -.157485 .0306564 -5.14 0.000 -.2175704 -.0973997 lremote | .4576241 .2178236 2.10 0.036 .0306978 .8845505 ldist | -1.465845 .2903143 -5.05 0.000 -2.034851 -.8968398 lopen | .3284601 .0659789 4.98 0.000 .1991438 .4577764 english | 1.81456 .2298657 7.89 0.000 1.364032 2.265089 white | 1.174423 2.221931 0.53 0.597 -3.180483 5.529329 lwhitemg | .2090497 .1958505 1.07 0.286 -.1748102 .5929097 _cons | -4.769861 25.25096 -0.19 0.850 -54.26084 44.72111------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001003 lgdp | -.000886 .0047 lgdpau | -.001343 .000836 .622227lgdpdfrati~w | -.00014 .001229 -.016814 .09537 lpopau | .001307 -.006165 -2.07975 .034332 7.22709 lpop | .00026 -.004265 .000022 -.0005 .000215 .007237 lxrate1 | .000098 .000744 .000256 .002084 -.006475 -.001073 .00094 lremote | .000927 .0003 -.027091 -.012589 .087607 .000532 -.000776 .047447 ldist | .002933 -.006519 -.016154 -.0043 .041563 .01028 -.000073 .014136 .084282 lopen | .000167 -.00091 .002735 .002814 -.014344 .002463 -.00016 .001142 -.000993 english | -.002196 -.000957 .008459 .005065 -.019142 -1.9e-07 .001516 -.013323 .010717 white | .002024 -.017939 .081665 .005255 -.322527 .013271 .000754 .038718 -.009633 lwhitemg | -.000301 .000514 -.008925 -.00163 .036297 1.0e-05 -.00019 -.000773 .004117 _cons | -.010713 .104117 18.5721 -.09654 -66.4151 -.122589 .10243 -1.29508 -1.22599

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .004353 english | -.001723 .052838 white | .005111 .047941 4.93698 lwhitemg | -.000306 -.003658 -.424685 .038357 _cons | .147326 .119234 3.12854 -.409398 637.611

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

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Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 58486.07Log likelihood = -891.7695 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0222693 .0132377 1.68 0.093 -.0036761 .0482147 lgdp | 1.480377 .0540085 27.41 0.000 1.374523 1.586232 lgdpau | .6567605 .3450233 1.90 0.057 -.0194727 1.332994lgdpdfrati~w | -.264855 .1368731 -1.94 0.053 -.5331213 .0034114 lpopau | -6.678288 1.169681 -5.71 0.000 -8.97082 -4.385757 lpop | -.0258871 .0928529 -0.28 0.780 -.2078755 .1561013 lxrate1 | -.0485997 .0186858 -2.60 0.009 -.0852231 -.0119763 lremote | -.6141631 .1487586 -4.13 0.000 -.9057247 -.3226015 ldist | -2.336323 .1668432 -14.00 0.000 -2.663329 -2.009316 lopen | -.0490338 .0262794 -1.87 0.062 -.1005404 .0024728 english | 1.160139 .1116116 10.39 0.000 .9413846 1.378894 white | 4.181258 .8662634 4.83 0.000 2.483413 5.879103 lwhitemg | -.3008164 .0795579 -3.78 0.000 -.4567471 -.1448857 _cons | 92.33295 11.09564 8.32 0.000 70.5859 114.08------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000175 lgdp | -.000178 .002917 lgdpau | -.000896 .001942 .119041lgdpdfrati~w | -.000339 .000776 -.007682 .018734 lpopau | .003318 -.006767 -.394954 .011673 1.36815 lpop | .000096 -.004732 -.001652 -.000058 .002888 .008622 lxrate1 | -2.7e-06 .000225 -.000018 .000495 -.002803 -.000237 .000349 lremote | -.000047 -.000918 -.01191 -.005648 .045186 .000148 -.000295 .022129 ldist | .000772 -.005567 -.004306 .00136 .003601 .009998 .000641 -.003235 .027837 lopen | .000018 -.000104 -.000938 .000718 .003521 .00026 -.000071 .001132 .000232 english | -.000298 -.000421 .003263 .002941 -.018347 .000485 .000969 -.004478 .006907 white | .000382 -.016559 -.014484 -.002084 .020891 .02935 .001995 .015746 .033597 lwhitemg | -.000081 .000757 .000086 -.000395 .002504 -.00155 -.000229 .001015 -.002124 _cons | -.036464 .131056 3.56815 .010178 -12.6785 -.130232 .040371 -.575455 -.225844

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000691 english | -.000457 .012457 white | .001031 .007559 .750412 lwhitemg | .000017 -.000524 -.065721 .006329 _cons | -.048064 .186271 -.522478 -.023669 123.113

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8488.62Log likelihood = -956.678 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2115518 .0307015 6.89 0.000 .1513779 .2717256 lgdp | 1.614144 .0713186 22.63 0.000 1.474362 1.753926 lgdpau | -.1457779 .6093706 -0.24 0.811 -1.340122 1.048566lgdpdfrati~w | -.1868968 .2573214 -0.73 0.468 -.6912374 .3174438 lpopau | -1.358808 2.133059 -0.64 0.524 -5.539526 2.82191 lpop | -.5079754 .0814512 -6.24 0.000 -.6676168 -.3483339 lxrate1 | -.1355252 .0279041 -4.86 0.000 -.1902163 -.0808341 lremote | -.3627946 .1236324 -2.93 0.003 -.6051097 -.1204795 ldist | -3.190736 .3314075 -9.63 0.000 -3.840283 -2.541189 lopen | .1123151 .048942 2.29 0.022 .0163905 .2082397 english | .9328418 .1418257 6.58 0.000 .6548684 1.210815 white | 10.41418 1.838126 5.67 0.000 6.811525 14.01684 lwhitemg | -.9213627 .1832869 -5.03 0.000 -1.280598 -.562127 _cons | 34.89909 20.26603 1.72 0.085 -4.821593 74.61977------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000943 lgdp | -.001401 .005086 lgdpau | -.001894 .003757 .371333lgdpdfrati~w | -.001173 .002618 -.023383 .066214 lpopau | .004969 -.018232 -1.26281 .091471 4.54994 lpop | .000847 -.004316 -.001788 -.001695 .007803 .006634 lxrate1 | .000076 .000347 4.0e-06 .001128 -.005093 -.00063 .000779 lremote | 6.6e-06 -.000441 -.004329 -.000906 .008393 -.001135 .000158 .015285 ldist | .004236 .001968 -.011218 -.002934 -.011035 .000626 .001415 .00921 .109831 lopen | .000142 -.000732 .001409 .001618 -.006882 .001377 -.000259 .000391 -.000865 english | -.001604 .003461 .003495 .004239 -.022388 .000573 .001919 -.00473 -.002159 white | .000283 -.026374 .01217 .001492 -.002534 .020746 .004275 .010553 -.158726 lwhitemg | .00001 .00152 -.002052 -.000571 .004303 -.001358 -.000408 .000804 .014338 _cons | -.058347 .146284 11.3319 -.96708 -42.1669 -.086153 .066854 -.220603 -.727129

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002395 english | -.001681 .020115 white | .003172 .019233 3.37871 lwhitemg | -.000213 -.002377 -.331082 .033594 _cons | .077298 .245639 1.37414 -.171478 410.712

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8603.22Log likelihood = -1091.849 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0209353 .0157619 1.33 0.184 -.0099574 .0518281 lgdp | 1.373562 .049502 27.75 0.000 1.27654 1.470584

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lgdpau | .494874 .5081506 0.97 0.330 -.5010828 1.490831lgdpdfrati~w | -.0321079 .1666966 -0.19 0.847 -.3588271 .2946114 lpopau | -5.313569 1.727514 -3.08 0.002 -8.699434 -1.927704 lpop | .0580943 .0716576 0.81 0.418 -.082352 .1985406 lxrate1 | -.066685 .0199231 -3.35 0.001 -.1057335 -.0276364 lremote | -.9061385 .1602589 -5.65 0.000 -1.22024 -.5920368 ldist | -3.371057 .2128933 -15.83 0.000 -3.78832 -2.953794 lopen | .0820256 .0426005 1.93 0.054 -.00147 .1655211 english | 2.401497 .1389098 17.29 0.000 2.129239 2.673755 white | 3.848348 1.15801 3.32 0.001 1.578689 6.118007 lwhitemg | -.1930581 .0971467 -1.99 0.047 -.3834622 -.002654 _cons | 86.23777 16.4931 5.23 0.000 53.91189 118.5637------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000248 lgdp | -.000412 .00245 lgdpau | -.000117 .000139 .258217lgdpdfrati~w | -.000488 .00065 .001964 .027788 lpopau | -.001252 .00148 -.8578 -.004879 2.9843 lpop | .000202 -.002742 -.000374 .000025 -.002095 .005135 lxrate1 | -.000021 .00022 .000354 .000643 -.002441 -.000399 .000397 lremote | .000217 .000536 -.017428 -.00179 .05475 -.000856 -.000228 .025683 ldist | .00061 .000285 -.011161 -.001661 .024585 .000376 .000234 .016442 .045324 lopen | .000075 -.000332 -.000141 .001886 .000759 .000722 -.000128 .000934 .000128 english | -.000785 .000444 .002467 .001793 -.009523 .001777 .001044 -.003958 .002871 white | .000365 -.013377 -.00424 -.001343 .005816 .024056 -.000148 .005031 -.007504 lwhitemg | -6.7e-06 .000694 -.000886 .000176 .003115 -.001562 .000075 .001257 .002749 _cons | .022029 -.046286 7.71551 .017858 -27.7129 .028174 .029854 -.83036 -.709464

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001815 english | -.001376 .019296 white | .000811 .033399 1.34099 lwhitemg | 3.7e-06 -.002911 -.10883 .009437 _cons | -.022728 .054413 -.053153 -.056382 272.022

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english> white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 546.69Log likelihood = -532.7085 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0470941 .0086711 5.43 0.000 .030099 .0640892 lgdp | -.0732494 .0107764 -6.80 0.000 -.0943707 -.0521281 lgdpau | .0178305 .0213032 0.84 0.403 -.0239231 .059584lgdpdfrati~w | .001832 .0058761 0.31 0.755 -.0096849 .013349 lpopau | -1.01503 .1401434 -7.24 0.000 -1.289706 -.7403535 lpop | .5320207 .060278 8.83 0.000 .413878 .6501633 lxrate1 | -.0000684 .0007559 -0.09 0.928 -.00155 .0014132

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lremote | -.1343081 .0209483 -6.41 0.000 -.175366 -.0932501 ldist | -2.6699 .3768497 -7.08 0.000 -3.408512 -1.931288 lopen | .0184382 .0045213 4.08 0.000 .0095766 .0272997 english | .8344449 .2078885 4.01 0.000 .4269909 1.241899 white | 10.80973 .6840487 15.80 0.000 9.469019 12.15044 lwhitemg | -.9165741 .0672719 -13.62 0.000 -1.048425 -.7847237 _cons | 42.70599 3.315451 12.88 0.000 36.20783 49.20415------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000075 lgdp | -.000036 .000116 lgdpau | .000047 -.000057 .000454lgdpdfrati~w | .000015 -.000013 .000013 .000035 lpopau | -.00048 .000467 -.001114 .000133 .01964 lpop | .000116 -.000262 -.000118 -.000085 -.007204 .003633 lxrate1 | 1.8e-06 -5.0e-07 -1.9e-06 1.9e-06 .00001 -5.1e-06 5.7e-07 lremote | -.000047 .00017 -.000186 -.000015 .001588 -.000654 3.1e-06 .000439 ldist | .000471 -.000501 -.000473 -.000244 -.020664 .010224 -6.1e-06 -.001392 .142016 lopen | 7.7e-06 -.000019 .000015 8.5e-06 -.000037 .00002 -4.0e-07 -.000029 -.000015 english | .000058 -.000104 -.000331 -.000175 -.009906 .004794 -7.9e-06 -.000582 .017147 white | .000586 -.000748 -.000322 -.000222 -.022999 .010733 -3.0e-06 -.001805 -.080135 lwhitemg | -.000075 .000073 8.5e-06 .000015 .002245 -.001012 7.4e-08 .000182 .008517 _cons | .001135 -.001293 .015723 .001496 -.003363 -.022982 -7.0e-06 -.005168 -1.14345

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00002 english | -.000053 .043218 white | .000034 .042254 .467923 lwhitemg | -7.5e-06 -.002185 -.044385 .004526 _cons | .000728 -.082906 .978743 -.104139 10.9922

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english > white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3298.85Log likelihood = -569.6011 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1223751 .0292498 4.18 0.000 .0650465 .1797037 lgdp | .2115272 .0502688 4.21 0.000 .1130021 .3100522 lgdpau | -.0971519 .0573349 -1.69 0.090 -.2095262 .0152225lgdpdfrati~w | -.1038327 .0380204 -2.73 0.006 -.1783513 -.029314 lpopau | 2.308716 .2367143 9.75 0.000 1.844764 2.772667 lpop | .8183904 .1020596 8.02 0.000 .6183572 1.018423 lxrate1 | -.009536 .0074191 -1.29 0.199 -.0240771 .0050052 lremote | .1207004 .0296514 4.07 0.000 .0625847 .1788161 ldist | -3.324975 .3410447 -9.75 0.000 -3.99341 -2.65654 lopen | -.0108099 .027413 -0.39 0.693 -.0645383 .0429186 english | .75127 .2796743 2.69 0.007 .2031185 1.299421 white | 23.33479 2.986562 7.81 0.000 17.48123 29.18834

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lwhitemg | -2.18107 .2767749 -7.88 0.000 -2.723539 -1.638601 _cons | -17.47196 4.870303 -3.59 0.000 -27.01758 -7.926345------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000856 lgdp | -.000459 .002527 lgdpau | -.000606 -.000448 .003287lgdpdfrati~w | .000285 -.000996 .00067 .001446 lpopau | .004133 -.000097 -.011369 .00036 .056034 lpop | -.000283 -.002098 .001265 .000515 -.004467 .010416 lxrate1 | 9.8e-06 .000069 -.000041 .000026 .000562 -.000197 .000055 lremote | -.00028 .001052 -.000542 -.000843 -.000082 -.00069 .000028 .000879 ldist | .00304 -.000318 -.002651 .000143 .018664 -.001749 -.000065 -.000152 .116311 lopen | -.000317 -.000216 .000241 -.000342 -.003599 .00098 -.000138 .000158 -.000797 english | -.000674 -.000317 .000733 .000253 -.005622 .000479 .000023 -.000243 .05672 white | .002413 -.005275 .001086 .001934 -.002173 .027757 -.000468 -.002304 .01825 lwhitemg | -.000465 .000143 .000153 -.000086 -.001686 -.002982 .000041 .000112 -.004204 _cons | -.069701 -.014738 .125845 -.006267 -.760086 -.051534 -.006684 -.001343 -1.3371

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000751 english | .00007 .078218 white | .001212 .038419 8.91955 lwhitemg | 1.0e-05 -.002935 -.81466 .076604 _cons | .052339 -.481438 -.503752 .111014 23.7199

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 425.38Log likelihood = -534.5788 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4576631 .0488605 9.37 0.000 .3618982 .553428 lgdp | .0275003 .0779932 0.35 0.724 -.1253636 .1803642 lgdpau | 1.966999 .7907594 2.49 0.013 .4171392 3.516859lgdpdfrati~w | -.4189251 .2777501 -1.51 0.131 -.9633052 .1254551 lpopau | -9.027609 2.715901 -3.32 0.001 -14.35068 -3.704542 lpop | .3575642 .0981534 3.64 0.000 .1651872 .5499413 lxrate1 | -.0972472 .02542 -3.83 0.000 -.1470695 -.0474249 lremote | -.0286416 .2574654 -0.11 0.911 -.5332644 .4759813 ldist | -1.627767 .333707 -4.88 0.000 -2.281821 -.9737138 lopen | .0535675 .053221 1.01 0.314 -.0507438 .1578788 english | -.0605648 .2284783 -0.27 0.791 -.508374 .3872445 white | 8.912942 1.079744 8.25 0.000 6.796682 11.0292 lwhitemg | -.8040899 .0951197 -8.45 0.000 -.990521 -.6176588 _cons | 110.9088 25.80425 4.30 0.000 60.33341 161.4842------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

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| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002387 lgdp | -.00138 .006083 lgdpau | .000893 -.000803 .6253lgdpdfrati~w | -.001191 .001199 -.019805 .077145 lpopau | -.008433 -.00321 -2.08752 .072733 7.37612 lpop | -.000309 -.004227 -.000405 -.000442 -.001674 .009634 lxrate1 | .000138 -.000175 .000296 .001043 -.003683 -.000361 .000646 lremote | .001777 .004243 -.024379 -.012504 .069096 -.003204 .00036 .066288 ldist | .00488 .001622 -.010033 -.00364 -.00945 .003998 .000732 .032921 .11136 lopen | -.000208 .000639 .000425 -.000093 -.009211 .000659 -.000016 .000975 .002145 english | -.001738 .001509 .004116 .0042 -.022072 .000338 .000933 -.010193 .020649 white | .012523 -.025395 .014931 -.004072 -.08957 .031043 .005758 .017345 -.008644 lwhitemg | -.001252 .001249 -.00288 -.000367 .015451 -.001845 -.000473 .000837 .001183 _cons | .075041 -.039778 18.567 -.63921 -68.0346 -.027619 .048878 -1.43795 -1.05602

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002832 english | .000093 .052202 white | -.001417 .022194 1.16585 lwhitemg | .000052 -.001227 -.098316 .009048 _cons | .091177 .095646 .959721 -.184855 665.859

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1345.13Log likelihood = -348.7202 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0513074 .0200332 2.56 0.010 .012043 .0905719 lgdp | .1861709 .0559886 3.33 0.001 .0764353 .2959066 lgdpau | -.180911 .3029514 -0.60 0.550 -.7746848 .4128627lgdpdfrati~w | -.4552426 .2170748 -2.10 0.036 -.8807014 -.0297839 lpopau | 2.045205 1.077507 1.90 0.058 -.0666696 4.157081 lpop | .1239209 .0687237 1.80 0.071 -.010775 .2586169 lxrate1 | -.0859453 .019071 -4.51 0.000 -.1233237 -.0485669 lremote | -.157194 .1117834 -1.41 0.160 -.3762854 .0618975 ldist | -1.341662 .2117441 -6.34 0.000 -1.756673 -.9266508 lopen | .0096604 .0260009 0.37 0.710 -.0413004 .0606213 english | 1.934123 .2139004 9.04 0.000 1.514886 2.35336 white | 9.985029 1.748351 5.71 0.000 6.558323 13.41174 lwhitemg | -.7588634 .1797197 -4.22 0.000 -1.111108 -.4066193 _cons | -19.64183 10.8922 -1.80 0.071 -40.99016 1.706493------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000401 lgdp | -.000432 .003135 lgdpau | .000389 -.001473 .09178lgdpdfrati~w | -.000741 -.000224 -.003451 .047121 lpopau | -.001791 .005026 -.314017 .032451 1.16102

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lpop | .000164 -.002889 .00083 .001203 -.00572 .004723 lxrate1 | -.000013 .000185 .001167 .000798 -.005528 -.000167 .000364 lremote | .000236 .00087 -.006534 -.004018 .023481 -.000538 -.000402 .012496 ldist | .001049 .000469 -.001396 -.001824 -.003303 .002581 -.000338 .001188 .044836 lopen | .000012 -.000249 -.000185 .001279 -.000672 .000324 -3.7e-06 -.000174 -.000076 english | -.000364 -.002624 .003407 .003895 -.007392 .004568 .000263 -.0042 .015315 white | .002266 -.023021 .013172 .001623 -.052533 .024465 .000917 .010532 -.024448 lwhitemg | -.000226 .001359 -.001144 .000118 .004469 -.001669 -.000075 -.000441 .001182 _cons | .013314 -.078356 2.88807 -.459451 -11.2281 .042329 .064307 -.344273 -.398779

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000676 english | .000083 .045753 white | .001308 .068299 3.05673 lwhitemg | -.000067 -.006412 -.30974 .032299 _cons | .017813 -.097896 .764487 -.053706 118.64

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 993.65Log likelihood = -848.1775 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1380682 .0645494 2.14 0.032 .0115537 .2645828 lgdp | .5331954 .1095903 4.87 0.000 .3184024 .7479885 lgdpau | -2.226544 1.101153 -2.02 0.043 -4.384765 -.0683233lgdpdfrati~w | -.999285 .4422755 -2.26 0.024 -1.866129 -.1324409 lpopau | 4.549659 3.774988 1.21 0.228 -2.849181 11.9485 lpop | .2359925 .1248196 1.89 0.059 -.0086494 .4806345 lxrate1 | -.1469649 .0397068 -3.70 0.000 -.2247889 -.069141 lremote | 1.679323 .2765724 6.07 0.000 1.137251 2.221395 ldist | -1.629412 .4950694 -3.29 0.001 -2.599731 -.6590942 lopen | .0010186 .0771746 0.01 0.989 -.1502408 .1522781 english | .2743254 .2588384 1.06 0.289 -.2329885 .7816394 white | 10.7817 1.463323 7.37 0.000 7.913643 13.64976 lwhitemg | -.8321276 .1418453 -5.87 0.000 -1.110139 -.5541159 _cons | -28.07554 35.49523 -0.79 0.429 -97.64492 41.49383------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004167 lgdp | -.004307 .01201 lgdpau | -.00212 .005731 1.21254lgdpdfrati~w | -.001773 .004409 -.000213 .195608 lpopau | .00338 -.028063 -4.05268 .049701 14.2505 lpop | .001442 -.010163 -.002567 -.002529 .011968 .01558 lxrate1 | .000077 .001611 .000838 .001451 -.009521 -.001511 .001577 lremote | .001541 -.002781 -.032816 -.021007 .083851 .00255 .000906 .076492 ldist | .012313 -.010568 -.01047 -.010278 -.00492 .015437 -.002344 .022142 .245094 lopen | .000334 -.000794 .006314 .000977 -.033539 .002135 -.000378 .002941 .004346 english | -.00543 .011108 .007179 .001372 -.028782 -.008986 -.000532 -.003601 .025374 white | .026669 -.049856 -.041515 -.039022 .062616 .048198 .004791 .120076 .130226 lwhitemg | -.002993 .002936 -2.5e-06 .001094 .01093 -.002385 -.000763 -.004623 -.016942

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_cons | -.076847 .3413 35.7316 -.791283 -130.466 -.314338 .13103 -1.38305 -2.22506

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005956 english | -.000744 .066997 white | .002093 .029261 2.14131 lwhitemg | -.000085 -.005048 -.197382 .02012 _cons | .311918 -.016471 -2.03057 .011245 1259.91

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 559.84Log likelihood = -131.3095 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .033722 .0290925 1.16 0.246 -.0232982 .0907422 lgdp | .1550134 .059807 2.59 0.010 .0377938 .272233 lgdpau | .366909 .4148564 0.88 0.376 -.4461946 1.180013lgdpdfrati~w | .3640086 .1898589 1.92 0.055 -.0081079 .7361252 lpopau | 2.590433 1.463868 1.77 0.077 -.2786954 5.459562 lpop | .291361 .0800522 3.64 0.000 .1344615 .4482604 lxrate1 | -.0317957 .016697 -1.90 0.057 -.0645213 .0009299 lremote | -.0283237 .1289687 -0.22 0.826 -.2810977 .2244503 ldist | -2.257467 .4268718 -5.29 0.000 -3.094121 -1.420814 lopen | .0577206 .0384547 1.50 0.133 -.0176491 .1330904 english | .8500501 .186481 4.56 0.000 .484554 1.215546 white | 15.87075 1.225242 12.95 0.000 13.46932 18.27218 lwhitemg | -1.341446 .1145523 -11.71 0.000 -1.565964 -1.116927 _cons | -38.85219 15.05018 -2.58 0.010 -68.35 -9.354387------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000846 lgdp | -.000643 .003577 lgdpau | -.000553 -.000128 .172106lgdpdfrati~w | -.000713 .000828 -.000434 .036046 lpopau | .001451 .001625 -.576899 .017144 2.14291 lpop | -.000125 -.002658 .00044 .000608 -.005093 .006408 lxrate1 | .000051 .000097 .000192 .000554 -.002716 -.000114 .000279 lremote | .000866 .00206 -.007522 -.003416 .021596 -.00161 .000117 .016633 ldist | .002338 -.004212 -.010136 -.007979 -.000271 .009279 .000136 .016994 .18222 lopen | -.00002 -.000059 .000161 .00034 -.004419 .00055 -.000051 .000038 .000354 english | -.001243 -.000707 .00314 .00285 -.015028 .00464 .000142 -.004909 .006829 white | .004193 -.016923 .029557 -.004207 -.272824 .025324 .003616 -.00515 -.019672 lwhitemg | -.000485 .000923 -.003051 .00025 .026865 -.001915 -.000384 .000596 .002881 _cons | -.02696 -.037053 5.21478 -.230944 -20.5696 -.043072 .035667 -.488233 -1.67898

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001479 english | .000116 .034775 white | -.000427 .045726 1.50122 lwhitemg | .000062 -.003917 -.137205 .013122

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_cons | .059004 .081559 3.91861 -.384424 226.508

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 258.22Log likelihood = 134.5763 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0009786 .0190479 -0.05 0.959 -.0383117 .0363546 lgdp | .2770244 .0519594 5.33 0.000 .1751858 .3788631 lgdpau | -.3163781 .3542152 -0.89 0.372 -1.010627 .3778709lgdpdfrati~w | -.0842593 .1450645 -0.58 0.561 -.3685805 .2000619 lpopau | 4.381838 1.289901 3.40 0.001 1.853678 6.909997 lpop | -.0691826 .0628853 -1.10 0.271 -.1924356 .0540703 lxrate1 | -.1014322 .0153971 -6.59 0.000 -.13161 -.0712545 lremote | .3464699 .1297846 2.67 0.008 .0920968 .6008431 ldist | -1.329968 .2858488 -4.65 0.000 -1.890221 -.7697142 lopen | .0262325 .0287162 0.91 0.361 -.0300502 .0825152 english | .2356434 .1683248 1.40 0.162 -.0942671 .5655539 white | 9.365592 2.048736 4.57 0.000 5.350142 13.38104 lwhitemg | -.7901717 .1954138 -4.04 0.000 -1.173176 -.4071678 _cons | -58.92003 13.67913 -4.31 0.000 -85.73062 -32.10943------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000363 lgdp | -.000369 .0027 lgdpau | .000265 -.000653 .125468lgdpdfrati~w | -.000449 .000474 -.006164 .021044 lpopau | -.002489 .003738 -.430827 .028237 1.66384 lpop | .000048 -.002358 -.000154 -.000063 .000809 .003955 lxrate1 | 2.8e-06 2.6e-06 .00051 .000459 -.004544 -.000116 .000237 lremote | .000302 .001772 -.007701 -.001165 .026929 -.001479 -.000066 .016844 ldist | .001704 -.002195 -.002209 -.001521 .002344 .00536 .00007 .007122 .08171 lopen | -8.1e-06 .000011 .000065 .000208 -.001561 .000176 -.000028 .000086 -.000498 english | -.000417 -.001949 .000036 .000806 .020237 .004829 .000209 -.001301 .016613 white | .002577 -.015601 .017723 -.005118 -.142554 .016023 .001967 -.000697 .016348 lwhitemg | -.000293 .00099 -.002112 .000494 .014471 -.001264 -.000147 .000707 -.002553 _cons | .021829 -.060646 3.96344 -.313315 -16.6565 -.057436 .062123 -.475472 -.86857

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000825 english | -.000312 .028333 white | -.000764 .035463 4.19732 lwhitemg | .000097 -.003302 -.393819 .038187 _cons | .025606 -.521723 1.82154 -.166756 187.119

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 432.13Log likelihood = -667.0316 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1797732 .0534888 3.36 0.001 .0749371 .2846094 lgdp | .7274946 .1054187 6.90 0.000 .5208778 .9341114 lgdpau | -.6583411 .6687278 -0.98 0.325 -1.969023 .6523413lgdpdfrati~w | -.3157078 .2815378 -1.12 0.262 -.8675118 .2360962 lpopau | 3.716604 2.304107 1.61 0.107 -.7993625 8.232571 lpop | -.2978981 .1483735 -2.01 0.045 -.5887049 -.0070914 lxrate1 | -.143687 .031585 -4.55 0.000 -.2055925 -.0817814 lremote | .1157397 .2341567 0.49 0.621 -.343199 .5746785 ldist | -3.225953 .6942016 -4.65 0.000 -4.586563 -1.865343 lopen | .0398709 .0651962 0.61 0.541 -.0879113 .1676531 english | -.5275091 .4315317 -1.22 0.222 -1.373296 .3182776 white | 20.34492 4.161209 4.89 0.000 12.1891 28.50074 lwhitemg | -1.825714 .3823231 -4.78 0.000 -2.575053 -1.076374 _cons | -23.44284 22.73328 -1.03 0.302 -67.99924 21.11356------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002861 lgdp | -.002337 .011113 lgdpau | .001281 -.001479 .447197lgdpdfrati~w | -.001916 .003445 -.010445 .079264 lpopau | -.009014 -.000569 -1.48785 .062453 5.30891 lpop | -.000131 -.008173 -.001389 -.001662 -.00593 .022015 lxrate1 | .000143 .000508 .002048 .001247 -.010569 -.000781 .000998 lremote | .001006 .004539 -.020463 -.012442 .039309 -.003048 .000497 .054829 ldist | .01159 .011225 -.005595 -.0041 -.054413 .005247 .000477 .031572 .481916 lopen | .000461 -.001032 -.000918 -.000147 -.010647 .001881 -.000195 .000662 .003274 english | -.006145 .003133 .001482 .005877 -.015776 .017396 .000532 -.003807 .127458 white | .007613 -.034455 .122774 .017215 -.367671 .07486 .005111 .02861 .25352 lwhitemg | -.001317 .001373 -.012913 -.002883 .041862 -.005689 -.00059 -.000212 -.039125 _cons | .039862 -.214169 13.2331 -.742308 -48.7569 -.050219 .107781 -.946113 -4.23407

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .004251 english | -.001484 .18622 white | .004465 .294962 17.3157 lwhitemg | -.000302 -.032004 -1.56411 .146171 _cons | .159281 -1.32307 -.36565 .097607 516.802

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

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Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1036.81Log likelihood = -560.8515 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1989603 .0466687 4.26 0.000 .1074914 .2904293 lgdp | .5453825 .1027076 5.31 0.000 .3440793 .7466857 lgdpau | .7356638 .6600812 1.11 0.265 -.5580715 2.029399lgdpdfrati~w | -.0032408 .2867838 -0.01 0.991 -.5653267 .5588451 lpopau | -3.242338 2.286775 -1.42 0.156 -7.724334 1.239659 lpop | .5706161 .1315358 4.34 0.000 .3128106 .8284216 lxrate1 | -.0863161 .029434 -2.93 0.003 -.1440056 -.0286266 lremote | -.2855212 .2360135 -1.21 0.226 -.7480991 .1770567 ldist | -2.245119 .4430436 -5.07 0.000 -3.113469 -1.37677 lopen | -.0669352 .0702452 -0.95 0.341 -.2046134 .0707429 english | 1.099622 .3246123 3.39 0.001 .4633939 1.735851 white | 23.69643 3.158574 7.50 0.000 17.50574 29.88713 lwhitemg | -2.266502 .2797575 -8.10 0.000 -2.814817 -1.718187 _cons | 40.1138 22.02074 1.82 0.069 -3.046051 83.27366------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002178 lgdp | -.001859 .010549 lgdpau | -.002117 .005551 .435707lgdpdfrati~w | -.001991 .003685 -.01683 .082245 lpopau | .00589 -.037644 -1.45953 .056052 5.22934 lpop | .000268 -.009102 -.004154 -.003007 .02112 .017302 lxrate1 | .00005 .000688 .000669 .001463 -.007029 -.00084 .000866 lremote | .000572 .00411 -.014715 -.017516 .031069 -.003006 .000374 .055702 ldist | .007716 -.003897 -.009973 -.003379 .00123 .016514 .000364 .00794 .196288 lopen | .000215 .00005 .000316 .002404 -.011614 .001148 -.000029 .001332 .00156 english | -.003216 .002777 .005726 .006387 -.02656 -.001268 .000676 -.009176 .056851 white | .006231 -.036378 .025105 -.014621 -.036372 .060558 .003621 .026293 .04661 lwhitemg | -.000901 .001268 -.003913 -.000357 .013452 -.004064 -.000402 .0004 -.007839 _cons | -.091972 .390739 12.97 -.413013 -48.3122 -.436969 .085778 -.722141 -1.91681

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .004934 english | -.001524 .105373 white | .004254 .007725 9.97659 lwhitemg | -.000489 .000639 -.86817 .078264 _cons | .138316 -.231879 -.923417 -.006855 484.913

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1533.31Log likelihood = -738.9413 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0641865 .0349344 1.84 0.066 -.0042837 .1326566

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lgdp | 1.09172 .1000156 10.92 0.000 .8956926 1.287746 lgdpau | .6815849 .7047163 0.97 0.333 -.6996337 2.062804lgdpdfrati~w | -.1311067 .285615 -0.46 0.646 -.6909018 .4286885 lpopau | 3.376865 2.457663 1.37 0.169 -1.440066 8.193795 lpop | -.5655955 .146779 -3.85 0.000 -.853277 -.277914 lxrate1 | -.1453871 .0246815 -5.89 0.000 -.1937618 -.0970123 lremote | -.3473721 .1924082 -1.81 0.071 -.7244852 .029741 ldist | -1.704195 .7275098 -2.34 0.019 -3.130088 -.2783015 lopen | -.0388125 .0734352 -0.53 0.597 -.1827428 .1051179 english | .1340553 .3348148 0.40 0.689 -.5221696 .7902803 white | 27.9776 2.623048 10.67 0.000 22.83652 33.11868 lwhitemg | -2.626101 .2507804 -10.47 0.000 -3.117622 -2.134581 _cons | -67.58143 24.47151 -2.76 0.006 -115.5447 -19.61816------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00122 lgdp | -.002037 .010003 lgdpau | -.000114 .000592 .496625lgdpdfrati~w | -.002154 .003888 -.01653 .081576 lpopau | -.006002 -.009795 -1.66187 .070615 6.04011 lpop | .001714 -.011936 -.00347 -.00281 .024371 .021544 lxrate1 | 4.9e-06 .000496 .001221 .00098 -.010823 -.000892 .000609 lremote | .001343 .004354 -.017253 -.004742 .016065 -.004108 .000267 .037021 ldist | .006683 .012801 -.024756 -.005169 -.06294 .008141 .001224 .066363 .529271 lopen | .000256 -.000565 -.002284 .004914 -.002103 .00108 -.000275 .001622 .002661 english | -.001393 .003973 .004216 .004444 -.015588 -.000049 .001189 .001256 .067256 white | .017765 -.0558 .053328 -.028099 -.455873 .070727 .008875 .03475 .119418 lwhitemg | -.001608 .003741 -.006225 .002225 .051005 -.005167 -.000888 -.002573 -.019245 _cons | .042132 -.046759 14.9783 -.764493 -56.3239 -.426506 .132573 -.807535 -4.40177

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005393 english | -.001287 .112101 white | -.007468 .214635 6.88038 lwhitemg | .000945 -.024254 -.647668 .062891 _cons | .049899 -.606974 4.7473 -.468693 598.855

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 491.48Log likelihood = -564.3352 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3819482 .0576595 6.62 0.000 .2689376 .4949589 lgdp | .2463728 .0952502 2.59 0.010 .0596859 .4330597 lgdpau | .9791668 .7076574 1.38 0.166 -.4078163 2.36615lgdpdfrati~w | -.4372009 .3034786 -1.44 0.150 -1.032008 .1576063 lpopau | -4.176158 2.444242 -1.71 0.088 -8.966784 .6144679 lpop | .3534724 .1031519 3.43 0.001 .1512984 .5556465 lxrate1 | -.0759147 .0335932 -2.26 0.024 -.1417562 -.0100733 lremote | -.0087101 .2212266 -0.04 0.969 -.4423062 .424886 ldist | -1.339787 .5782825 -2.32 0.021 -2.4732 -.206374

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lopen | .1032441 .0686829 1.50 0.133 -.031372 .2378602 english | -.0900423 .2810883 -0.32 0.749 -.6409652 .4608806 white | 19.30197 2.023853 9.54 0.000 15.33529 23.26864 lwhitemg | -1.811027 .1934971 -9.36 0.000 -2.190274 -1.43178 _cons | 48.18334 23.18635 2.08 0.038 2.738931 93.62774------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003325 lgdp | -.002896 .009073 lgdpau | -.002182 .006285 .500779lgdpdfrati~w | -.002448 .005564 -.00647 .092099 lpopau | .00462 -.033832 -1.67487 .036749 5.97432 lpop | .000899 -.005922 -.004141 -.003699 .012033 .01064 lxrate1 | .000268 .000426 -.000262 .000795 -.003339 -.000575 .001129 lremote | .000196 .003009 -.008915 -.016085 -.000485 .000499 .001375 .048941 ldist | .010772 .00166 -.004214 -.010109 -.068409 .005433 .000455 .035183 .334411 lopen | -.000311 .000861 .002058 .000018 -.021431 .001457 -.000121 .002264 .003347 english | -.003472 .006581 .005837 .002264 -.025664 -.000168 -.001466 .00711 .092649 white | .022121 -.03556 -.008597 -.068415 .090862 .011948 -.001079 .105734 .210845 lwhitemg | -.002553 .001976 -.000979 .004191 .002118 -.000145 -.000196 -.007473 -.030623 _cons | -.091333 .253237 14.7088 -.349751 -54.0347 -.182645 .04101 -.590767 -2.43238

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .004717 english | 7.1e-06 .079011 white | -.008174 .145327 4.09598 lwhitemg | .000726 -.017196 -.383082 .037441 _cons | .213324 -.809354 -3.72649 .32223 537.607

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1477.36Log likelihood = -276.5895 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0028983 .024582 0.12 0.906 -.0452817 .0510782 lgdp | .434749 .0843597 5.15 0.000 .269407 .600091 lgdpau | -.3961872 .4957875 -0.80 0.424 -1.367913 .5755385lgdpdfrati~w | .1943234 .2368024 0.82 0.412 -.2698008 .6584476 lpopau | 1.49656 1.712727 0.87 0.382 -1.860324 4.853444 lpop | -.2233579 .1230548 -1.82 0.070 -.4645409 .0178251 lxrate1 | -.0419419 .0231235 -1.81 0.070 -.0872632 .0033793 lremote | -.0181784 .1706183 -0.11 0.915 -.3525842 .3162273 ldist | -3.934395 .5241536 -7.51 0.000 -4.961717 -2.907073 lopen | .000449 .049952 0.01 0.993 -.0974551 .0983531 english | -.0529402 .2937984 -0.18 0.857 -.6287745 .5228941 white | 16.56399 2.607294 6.35 0.000 11.45379 21.6742 lwhitemg | -1.218112 .279578 -4.36 0.000 -1.766075 -.6701489 _cons | 18.254 17.17851 1.06 0.288 -15.41526 51.92327------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

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| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000604 lgdp | -.000762 .007117 lgdpau | .000184 -.002476 .245805lgdpdfrati~w | -.001027 .002932 -.010756 .056075 lpopau | -.001537 .00309 -.820547 .059983 2.93344 lpop | .000243 -.006867 .000296 -.001465 -.006784 .015142 lxrate1 | -.00003 .000187 .001468 .000955 -.00689 -.000539 .000535 lremote | .000147 .002334 -.017354 -.003548 .051015 -.002731 -.000127 .029111 ldist | .002562 .002414 -.010798 -.002149 -.017574 .020371 -.000398 .013455 .274737 lopen | .000057 -.000215 -.002173 .001526 .002303 .000904 -.000022 .000059 .00097 english | -.001254 .00078 .001738 .002215 -.00383 .004414 .000623 -.000054 .05754 white | .00447 -.040198 .04355 -.019002 -.287455 .070671 .002013 -.001376 .166435 lwhitemg | -.000482 .001839 -.005067 .001047 .033861 -.005682 -.000018 .002657 -.021089 _cons | .006606 -.079256 7.47119 -.761288 -27.4168 -.147661 .081665 -.78115 -2.56676

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002495 english | .000093 .086317 white | -.000082 .109363 6.79798 lwhitemg | .000081 -.011107 -.718843 .078164 _cons | -.000776 -.630292 1.80989 -.20121 295.101

.

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.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Mauritania

. drop if ccode==164780(10 observations deleted)

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist open english gdpdfration> ew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(stat)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491197.8 1561183 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33462.02 117038.5 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.68 16.86015 102.812 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.181 10901.79 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6742.503 4145.855 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13327.73 3507.337 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7058991 .389129 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052374 .1810652 1.016437 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" countries)--RHS Variables> :. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist phone open eng> lish gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(stat)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404947.1 1597577 3443.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.98 27125.08 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8047 17.21036 101.7094 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1181.916 11681.84 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7169.346 4115.696 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13151.87 3389.726 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.3117 241.8508 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7129662 .4106135 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.043917 .1859411 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english

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> white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9134.41Log likelihood = -557.3672 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3437608 .0319644 10.75 0.000 .2811118 .4064099 lgdp | 1.1796 .0329929 35.75 0.000 1.114935 1.244265 lgdpau | .2078435 .6219191 0.33 0.738 -1.011095 1.426783lgdpdfrati~w | -.9228412 .2530648 -3.65 0.000 -1.418839 -.4268432 lpopau | -3.065949 2.146691 -1.43 0.153 -7.273387 1.141488 lpop | .0348362 .0403624 0.86 0.388 -.0442728 .1139451 lxrate1 | -.1265557 .0164223 -7.71 0.000 -.1587429 -.0943685 lremote | -.3918591 .0754598 -5.19 0.000 -.5397576 -.2439607 ldist | -2.04465 .1618121 -12.64 0.000 -2.361796 -1.727505 lopen | .3123415 .0583972 5.35 0.000 .1978852 .4267979 english | .8166837 .1270546 6.43 0.000 .5676612 1.065706 white | 4.625439 .5660097 8.17 0.000 3.516081 5.734798 lwhitemg | -.4332694 .0504 -8.60 0.000 -.5320515 -.3344873 _cons | 46.8827 19.76097 2.37 0.018 8.151911 85.61348------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001022 lgdp | -.000313 .001089 lgdpau | -.000433 .001241 .386783lgdpdfrati~w | -.000565 .00007 -.007867 .064042 lpopau | .000559 -.007767 -1.30912 .047573 4.60828 lpop | -.000163 -.000706 .000085 .000129 -.000198 .001629 lxrate1 | .000094 .000156 .000432 .000234 -.002744 -.000088 .00027 lremote | .000484 .000102 9.7e-06 -.001791 -.005421 -.000263 .000088 .005694 ldist | .001745 .001028 .001808 -.000812 -.018116 -.000051 .001717 .004979 .026183 lopen | -.000232 .000688 .00266 .000402 -.018731 .000346 .000153 .001456 .000787 english | -.001161 .002736 .002161 .002322 -.007249 -.00131 .000542 -.003258 .00269 white | .005116 -.002068 .005156 -.009051 -.029959 .004747 .000485 -.000069 .000456 lwhitemg | -.000621 .000188 -.000556 .000831 .003497 -.000373 -.000068 .000112 -.000553 _cons | -.016239 .071753 11.5325 -.628337 -41.764 -.003577 .013034 -.004139 -.078289

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00341 english | -.000782 .016143 white | -.000553 .000151 .320367 lwhitemg | -.000036 .000149 -.028062 .00254 _cons | .202621 .018077 .286225 -.032569 390.496

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.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 27488.56Log likelihood = -1002.986 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0311996 .0181373 1.72 0.085 -.0043488 .066748 lgdp | 1.640954 .0541212 30.32 0.000 1.534879 1.74703 lgdpau | 1.310051 .5673132 2.31 0.021 .1981371 2.421964lgdpdfrati~w | -.0985702 .1841502 -0.54 0.592 -.459498 .2623575 lpopau | -6.793185 1.966789 -3.45 0.001 -10.64802 -2.938349 lpop | -.318953 .088861 -3.59 0.000 -.4931173 -.1447888 lxrate1 | -.0800702 .0207729 -3.85 0.000 -.1207843 -.0393561 lremote | -1.165646 .135775 -8.59 0.000 -1.43176 -.8995318 ldist | -3.390825 .1760096 -19.26 0.000 -3.735798 -3.045853 lopen | .0197454 .0403865 0.49 0.625 -.0594107 .0989014 english | 1.409393 .1423121 9.90 0.000 1.130466 1.688319 white | 5.23056 .7898748 6.62 0.000 3.682434 6.778687 lwhitemg | -.5110598 .0743654 -6.87 0.000 -.6568133 -.3653063 _cons | 92.61441 18.82448 4.92 0.000 55.7191 129.5097------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000329 lgdp | -.000428 .002929 lgdpau | -.0001 -.000297 .321844lgdpdfrati~w | -.000582 .001504 -.001962 .033911 lpopau | -.00178 .002054 -1.08517 .011976 3.86826 lpop | .000249 -.004444 .001149 -.000937 -.005257 .007896 lxrate1 | 7.7e-06 .000315 -9.4e-06 .000872 -.000601 -.000443 .000432 lremote | .000944 .001184 -.010274 .002419 .039412 -.00391 .000613 .018435 ldist | .001237 -.001164 -.005631 .001193 .01215 .00046 .000939 .01105 .030979 lopen | .000036 .000013 -.00008 .002155 -.001982 .000297 -.00008 .001009 .000287 english | -.000696 -.000995 .008208 -.000022 -.044446 .00355 .00066 -.012613 -.004067 white | .001845 -.01655 .0099 -.00789 -.066133 .0271 -.001971 -.013336 -.034603 lwhitemg | -.000123 .001016 -.001499 .000752 .007754 -.001679 .000239 .001857 .004374 _cons | .017216 -.02174 9.68956 -.23242 -36.1245 .062562 -.006822 -.619545 -.4375

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001631 english | -.000749 .020253 white | .002137 .023642 .623902 lwhitemg | -.000196 -.001791 -.057249 .00553 _cons | .017426 .629354 1.22877 -.144417 354.361

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

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. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7773.87Log likelihood = -961.3021 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2893572 .036791 7.86 0.000 .2172483 .3614662 lgdp | 1.470547 .0785052 18.73 0.000 1.31668 1.624414 lgdpau | -.0115936 .6584859 -0.02 0.986 -1.302202 1.279015lgdpdfrati~w | .0854047 .2802598 0.30 0.761 -.4638944 .6347039 lpopau | -1.736 2.320795 -0.75 0.454 -6.284674 2.812674 lpop | -.4065374 .0858872 -4.73 0.000 -.5748732 -.2382017 lxrate1 | -.121965 .0286651 -4.25 0.000 -.1781475 -.0657825 lremote | -.3905517 .1315181 -2.97 0.003 -.6483223 -.132781 ldist | -3.012206 .3560052 -8.46 0.000 -3.709963 -2.314448 lopen | .1088219 .05307 2.05 0.040 .0048067 .2128372 english | .8653212 .1627773 5.32 0.000 .5462835 1.184359 white | 10.4767 1.831674 5.72 0.000 6.886688 14.06672 lwhitemg | -.9092767 .1823065 -4.99 0.000 -1.266591 -.5519626 _cons | 37.0821 22.09695 1.68 0.093 -6.227116 80.39132------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001354 lgdp | -.001916 .006163 lgdpau | -.001134 .003074 .433604lgdpdfrati~w | -.001328 .003251 -.02683 .078546 lpopau | .001176 -.015338 -1.48267 .118134 5.38609 lpop | .001043 -.004891 -.001221 -.002472 .004655 .007377 lxrate1 | .000152 .000283 .000273 .001253 -.005869 -.000619 .000822 lremote | .000121 -.00052 -.00423 -.000674 .006883 -.001476 .000228 .017297 ldist | .006293 .001117 -.006158 -.00207 -.038726 .00026 .002024 .010575 .12674 lopen | .000184 -.000724 .002146 .001086 -.011867 .001352 -.000252 .000526 -.0005 english | -.002284 .004438 .002801 .004556 -.016586 .00113 .001812 -.006291 -.005742 white | .001361 -.030134 .014404 -.001815 -.01171 .026577 .004543 .008946 -.150588 lwhitemg | -.000088 .001728 -.002341 -.000398 .005746 -.001844 -.000438 .001096 .012908 _cons | -.029445 .111949 13.303 -1.34513 -50.0271 -.041477 .066847 -.222058 -.559016

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002816 english | -.002226 .026496 white | .002278 .026906 3.35503 lwhitemg | -.000145 -.003143 -.327474 .033236 _cons | .137178 .184864 1.38737 -.172862 488.275

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2059.65Log likelihood = -1124.033 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .083112 .0431176 1.93 0.054 -.001397 .167621 lgdp | .9242223 .0814987 11.34 0.000 .7644878 1.083957 lgdpau | -.5326128 .8804616 -0.60 0.545 -2.258286 1.19306lgdpdfrati~w | -.3691316 .3724651 -0.99 0.322 -1.09915 .3608866 lpopau | .19575 3.030199 0.06 0.948 -5.743331 6.134832 lpop | .1860538 .1043626 1.78 0.075 -.0184931 .3906007 lxrate1 | -.1106461 .0341352 -3.24 0.001 -.1775498 -.0437424

lremote | .5177617 .2346741 2.21 0.027 .057809 .9777144 ldist | -2.135995 .3577504 -5.97 0.000 -2.837173 -1.434817 lopen | .3136565 .0869435 3.61 0.000 .1432503 .4840627 english | 1.706079 .2449716 6.96 0.000 1.225944 2.186215 white | 3.09967 2.235437 1.39 0.166 -1.281706 7.481045 lwhitemg | .053616 .196263 0.27 0.785 -.3310524 .4382844 _cons | 5.366654 28.92449 0.19 0.853 -51.32431 62.05761------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001859 lgdp | -.001734 .006642 lgdpau | -.000474 .000106 .775213lgdpdfrati~w | -.000163 .002285 -.006819 .13873 lpopau | -.00254 -.001878 -2.60102 .042759 9.18211 lpop | .000294 -.005925 .000398 -.002191 -.006298 .010892 lxrate1 | .000115 .000918 .000697 .002545 -.007715 -.001083 .001165 lremote | .001611 .000444 -.028016 -.013919 .085492 .000375 -.000731 .055072 ldist | .005079 -.00727 -.016772 -.004769 .055967 .007461 -.000667 .022079 .127985 lopen | .000373 -.001348 .006238 .000801 -.035852 .002963 -.000313 .00191 .000647 english | -.00402 .001515 .007197 .006665 -.004349 -.00095 .001553 -.015461 .011338 white | .003673 -.02534 .116836 .002964 -.496744 .029935 .002075 .039824 -.062291 lwhitemg | -.000536 .001046 -.012298 -.001764 .052836 -.001001 -.000321 -.000681 .009107 _cons | .018983 .042084 23.2181 -.530842 -85.3089 -.01555 .111283 -1.37962 -1.87747

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .007559 english | -.00247 .060011 white | .003302 .037343 4.99718 lwhitemg | -.000112 -.002592 -.427809 .038519 _cons | .396937 -.117866 5.47438 -.63754 836.626

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

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Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 30942.37Log likelihood = -922.4161 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0042783 .009511 -0.45 0.653 -.0229194 .0143628 lgdp | 1.490204 .0513223 29.04 0.000 1.389614 1.590793 lgdpau | .6192792 .245656 2.52 0.012 .1378023 1.100756lgdpdfrati~w | -.0441664 .0648478 -0.68 0.496 -.1712659 .082933 lpopau | -5.83664 .9053633 -6.45 0.000 -7.611119 -4.06216 lpop | .0400913 .0912592 0.44 0.660 -.1387735 .2189561 lxrate1 | -.0152495 .0091237 -1.67 0.095 -.0331316 .0026326 lremote | -.2280009 .1179355 -1.93 0.053 -.4591503 .0031485 ldist | -2.453774 .1638815 -14.97 0.000 -2.774975 -2.132572 lopen | .0127886 .0214845 0.60 0.552 -.0293202 .0548974 english | 1.616265 .1381302 11.70 0.000 1.345535 1.886995 white | 5.818287 .8827839 6.59 0.000 4.088063 7.548512 lwhitemg | -.3568576 .0790477 -4.51 0.000 -.5117883 -.201927 _cons | 74.95791 9.698251 7.73 0.000 55.94968 93.96613------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00009 lgdp | -.000121 .002634 lgdpau | .000196 .000518 .060347lgdpdfrati~w | .000014 .000302 -.000595 .004205 lpopau | -.001796 -.000169 -.206283 .001986 .819683 lpop | .000098 -.004398 -.000226 -.000534 -.003843 .008328 lxrate1 | .000018 .000029 -.000389 .000189 .000907 -.000078 .000083 lremote | .000122 .000344 -.011951 .003199 .042363 -.001564 .000417 .013909 ldist | .000504 -.005707 .000712 .000016 -.007948 .009572 .000165 -.001138 .026857 lopen | 2.6e-06 .000047 .000488 .000734 -.001628 -.000015 -.000024 .000697 2.8e-06 english | -.000078 -.00283 .00047 -.000773 -.017968 .00367 .000075 -.002968 .008719 white | .000659 -.01759 -.012258 .000754 -.010079 .032332 .000648 .005932 .029229 lwhitemg | -.000057 .000876 -.000386 .000124 .00442 -.001802 -.000026 .000652 -.001261 _cons | .019545 .052641 1.93107 -.048269 -8.40836 -.042956 -.010062 -.487959 -.162412

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000462 english | -.000364 .01908 white | -.000013 .022928 .779307 lwhitemg | .000035 -.000708 -.067023 .006249 _cons | .006839 .227026 .019189 -.04726 94.0561

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

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Wald chi2(13) = 8167.00Log likelihood = -986.6278 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .32164 .0367462 8.75 0.000 .2496188 .3936612 lgdp | 1.435197 .0753335 19.05 0.000 1.287546 1.582848 lgdpau | -.0963134 .6292134 -0.15 0.878 -1.329549 1.136922lgdpdfrati~w | .1030204 .279337 0.37 0.712 -.44447 .6505108 lpopau | -1.111411 2.217329 -0.50 0.616 -5.457295 3.234473 lpop | -.3651788 .083926 -4.35 0.000 -.5296707 -.2006869 lxrate1 | -.1090737 .0279462 -3.90 0.000 -.1638472 -.0543001 lremote | -.3492046 .1235983 -2.83 0.005 -.5914529 -.1069563 ldist | -2.688919 .3409072 -7.89 0.000 -3.357085 -2.020753 lopen | .1180352 .0529584 2.23 0.026 .0142386 .2218318 english | .9175064 .156659 5.86 0.000 .6104604 1.224552 white | 10.98937 1.827512 6.01 0.000 7.407508 14.57123 lwhitemg | -.9625843 .1813721 -5.31 0.000 -1.318067 -.6071015 _cons | 25.31947 21.19139 1.19 0.232 -16.2149 66.85384------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00135 lgdp | -.001899 .005675 lgdpau | -.001078 .002091 .395909lgdpdfrati~w | -.001397 .003192 -.026032 .078029 lpopau | .002 -.012611 -1.3511 .113633 4.91655 lpop | .000948 -.00457 -.000271 -.002289 .00227 .007044 lxrate1 | .000128 .000226 -.000158 .001276 -.004506 -.000521 .000781 lremote | .000157 -.000524 -.003203 -.000716 .002831 -.001167 .000142 .015277 ldist | .006155 -.000767 -.008024 -.002992 -.024468 .000752 .001569 .01033 .116218 lopen | .00018 -.000764 .002442 .001201 -.013366 .001437 -.000289 .000419 -.000761 english | -.00233 .003833 .001171 .004913 -.011395 .001131 .001937 -.005408 -.008858 white | -.000551 -.026488 .01607 .000567 -.005006 .023751 .004569 .008485 -.170921 lwhitemg | .000121 .001519 -.002173 -.000574 .003394 -.001603 -.000412 .000934 .015823 _cons | -.042495 .116781 12.1255 -1.28295 -45.8161 -.036235 .060504 -.166464 -.60661

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002805 english | -.002156 .024542 white | .002542 .033179 3.3398 lwhitemg | -.000166 -.003539 -.325685 .032896 _cons | .157353 .177657 1.3976 -.164367 449.075

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8475.84Log likelihood = -1120.389 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .012155 .0145861 0.83 0.405 -.0164332 .0407432 lgdp | 1.361947 .0486254 28.01 0.000 1.266643 1.457251 lgdpau | .5519634 .4784571 1.15 0.249 -.3857953 1.489722lgdpdfrati~w | -.0551526 .1539385 -0.36 0.720 -.3568665 .2465613 lpopau | -5.675012 1.628164 -3.49 0.000 -8.866155 -2.48387 lpop | .1043579 .0716572 1.46 0.145 -.0360877 .2448034 lxrate1 | -.0601205 .0187307 -3.21 0.001 -.096832 -.023409 lremote | -.8552402 .1567193 -5.46 0.000 -1.162404 -.5480759 ldist | -3.356043 .2118442 -15.84 0.000 -3.77125 -2.940836 lopen | .0580366 .0392825 1.48 0.140 -.0189556 .1350289 english | 2.500097 .1343083 18.61 0.000 2.236857 2.763336 white | 4.218576 1.158896 3.64 0.000 1.947182 6.48997 lwhitemg | -.2109113 .0972342 -2.17 0.030 -.4014868 -.0203358 _cons | 89.64621 15.63354 5.73 0.000 59.00503 120.2874------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000213 lgdp | -.000354 .002364 lgdpau | .000063 -.000178 .228921lgdpdfrati~w | -.00041 .000584 .001716 .023697 lpopau | -.001701 .002281 -.760542 -.004554 2.65092 lpop | .000169 -.002707 -.000213 -4.9e-06 -.002581 .005135 lxrate1 | -.000014 .00019 .000297 .000576 -.002221 -.000355 .000351 lremote | .000163 .000616 -.017843 -.000576 .055692 -.000945 -.000091 .024561 ldist | .000526 .000362 -.010895 -.000863 .023132 .000501 .000299 .015571 .044878 lopen | .000054 -.000265 -.00022 .001832 .001274 .000592 -.000118 .00082 .000065 english | -.000667 .000162 .001865 .001341 -.00862 .002299 .000903 -.003447 .002906 white | .000287 -.013484 -.004969 -.001144 .005997 .024847 -.00011 .004786 -.007394 lwhitemg | -3.0e-06 .000699 -.000864 .00022 .003234 -.001624 .000073 .001245 .002696 _cons | .025271 -.051237 6.87633 .006779 -24.7371 .030577 .026107 -.818997 -.684976

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001543 english | -.001206 .018039 white | .00054 .034285 1.34304 lwhitemg | .000014 -.002954 -.109012 .009454 _cons | -.027161 .049211 -.046788 -.057495 244.408

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english> white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 840.12Log likelihood = -556.8778 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .139134 .0193534 7.19 0.000 .101202 .177066 lgdp | -.08912 .021279 -4.19 0.000 -.1308262 -.0474139 lgdpau | .3595398 .1045785 3.44 0.001 .1545696 .5645099lgdpdfrati~w | -.0588074 .038302 -1.54 0.125 -.1338779 .0162631

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lpopau | -2.215303 .4274328 -5.18 0.000 -3.053056 -1.37755 lpop | .5522637 .065141 8.48 0.000 .4245897 .6799378 lxrate1 | -.004587 .0065948 -0.70 0.487 -.0175126 .0083385 lremote | -.0149423 .0547434 -0.27 0.785 -.1222374 .0923529 ldist | -2.218258 .3718315 -5.97 0.000 -2.947034 -1.489481 lopen | .0500882 .0060842 8.23 0.000 .0381634 .062013 english | .8116681 .2092873 3.88 0.000 .4014725 1.221864 white | 11.17701 .66794 16.73 0.000 9.867873 12.48615 lwhitemg | -.9613652 .0658844 -14.59 0.000 -1.090496 -.832234 _cons | 47.77111 5.173582 9.23 0.000 37.63108 57.91115------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000375 lgdp | .000095 .000453 lgdpau | .000758 -.00022 .010937lgdpdfrati~w | -.000249 -.000341 -.00036 .001467 lpopau | -.004154 .001711 -.040317 .000559 .182699 lpop | -.000186 -.000447 -.000236 .000304 -.007553 .004243 lxrate1 | -7.2e-06 -.000022 .00007 .000113 -.000547 2.3e-06 .000043 lremote | .000318 .000491 -.001609 -.000731 .005883 -.000896 -.000038 .002997 ldist | .001097 -.000011 .000923 -.000464 -.034179 .010528 .00006 .000748 .138259 lopen | .000073 -.000016 .00012 -.00007 -.00082 7.9e-06 -.000014 .000033 .000215 english | -.000497 .000151 -.001235 .000406 -.007626 .005262 .000086 -.001025 .016741 white | .000586 -.000477 .001115 .000494 -.036074 .011177 .000346 -.000375 -.067695 lwhitemg | -.000183 -.000043 -.000443 .000074 .004572 -.000943 -.000024 .000032 .007043 _cons | .034654 -.030873 .392143 .013921 -1.58967 -.0186 .007268 -.086926 -.957824

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000037 english | -.000179 .043801 white | .000033 .042904 .446144 lwhitemg | -.000028 -.002134 -.042119 .004341 _cons | .008162 -.100561 1.01209 -.113204 26.7659

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english > white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 4291.68Log likelihood = -573.6755 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1181148 .0254841 4.63 0.000 .068167 .1680627 lgdp | .1876693 .0440708 4.26 0.000 .101292 .2740465 lgdpau | -.0831435 .0464057 -1.79 0.073 -.1740969 .0078099lgdpdfrati~w | -.1004087 .0312887 -3.21 0.001 -.1617335 -.0390839 lpopau | 2.558003 .201748 12.68 0.000 2.162584 2.953421 lpop | .8483431 .0984447 8.62 0.000 .6553952 1.041291 lxrate1 | -.0107436 .0060454 -1.78 0.076 -.0225924 .0011053 lremote | .1242489 .0249361 4.98 0.000 .075375 .1731228 ldist | -3.30803 .3385063 -9.77 0.000 -3.97149 -2.64457

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lopen | .0048493 .0231558 0.21 0.834 -.0405353 .0502339 english | .8122692 .2794119 2.91 0.004 .264632 1.359906 white | 23.58651 3.000544 7.86 0.000 17.70555 29.46747 lwhitemg | -2.190683 .277667 -7.89 0.000 -2.7349 -1.646466 _cons | -22.1042 4.687803 -4.72 0.000 -31.29212 -12.91627------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000649 lgdp | -.000301 .001942 lgdpau | -.000464 -.000417 .002153lgdpdfrati~w | .000214 -.000778 .00045 .000979 lpopau | .003312 .000389 -.007702 .000267 .040702 lpop | -.000272 -.001768 .001157 .000427 -.003603 .009691 lxrate1 | .000013 .000053 -.000034 .000019 .00041 -.000169 .000037 lremote | -.000202 .000817 -.000379 -.000602 8.7e-06 -.000564 .000018 .000622 ldist | .002398 -.000037 -.00209 .000094 .016793 -.001606 -.000025 -.000041 .114587 lopen | -.000264 -.000177 .00022 -.000229 -.002741 .000858 -.000098 .0001 -.000722 english | -.000605 -.000333 .000636 .000197 -.00569 .000286 .000011 -.000215 .057747 white | .001595 -.004364 .001369 .001558 -.002733 .026956 -.000387 -.001867 .01909 lwhitemg | -.000352 .000127 .000085 -.000063 -.001581 -.002925 .000034 .000081 -.004091 _cons | -.056752 -.01695 .088257 -.00321 -.603162 -.0617 -.004621 -.003218 -1.31077

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000536 english | .000122 .078071 white | .001157 .039088 9.00327 lwhitemg | -.000012 -.003097 -.821014 .077099 _cons | .038718 -.483828 -.51477 .108858 21.9755

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 443.19Log likelihood = -550.9408 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5049283 .0505258 9.99 0.000 .4058995 .6039571 lgdp | .0125215 .0783839 0.16 0.873 -.1411081 .1661511 lgdpau | 2.108259 .7963688 2.65 0.008 .5474052 3.669113lgdpdfrati~w | -.6449097 .2845206 -2.27 0.023 -1.20256 -.0872596 lpopau | -10.04122 2.735753 -3.67 0.000 -15.4032 -4.679244 lpop | .3032423 .0975688 3.11 0.002 .1120109 .4944737 lxrate1 | -.1126678 .0255758 -4.41 0.000 -.1627954 -.0625402 lremote | -.014156 .2553006 -0.06 0.956 -.5145359 .486224 ldist | -1.495862 .3199785 -4.67 0.000 -2.123009 -.8687159

lopen | .0503432 .0537832 0.94 0.349 -.0550698 .1557563 english | -.1040906 .2238828 -0.46 0.642 -.5428929 .3347117 white | 8.736785 1.098729 7.95 0.000 6.583316 10.89025 lwhitemg | -.792003 .0973105 -8.14 0.000 -.982728 -.601278 _cons | 123.8382 25.93359 4.78 0.000 73.00927 174.6671

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002553 lgdp | -.001484 .006144 lgdpau | .000646 -.00042 .634203lgdpdfrati~w | -.001298 .001572 -.018664 .080952 lpopau | -.00722 -.004814 -2.11771 .073149 7.48434 lpop | -.000115 -.004409 -.000634 -.000783 -.00025 .00952 lxrate1 | .000163 -.00017 .000432 .000854 -.004311 -.000439 .000654 lremote | .001695 .004157 -.022486 -.012635 .062495 -.002952 .000355 .065178 ldist | .004826 .001477 -.009265 -.002955 -.014499 .004954 .001034 .031948 .102386 lopen | -.00026 .000708 .00031 -.000451 -.009608 .000573 -7.5e-06 .00114 .002195 english | -.001764 .001569 .004326 .004407 -.021169 -.000057 .000841 -.010757 .021404 white | .01515 -.026887 .017079 -.007616 -.0838 .030129 .005045 .016867 .011258 lwhitemg | -.0015 .001375 -.003013 -.00011 .015002 -.00172 -.000415 .000876 -.000733 _cons | .060196 -.018745 18.8056 -.68744 -68.9304 -.051383 .054141 -1.36084 -.913212

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002893 english | .000018 .050124 white | -.002114 .020691 1.20721 lwhitemg | .000115 -.001203 -.102425 .009469 _cons | .099633 .078456 .655106 -.159293 672.551

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1327.02Log likelihood = -357.3038 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0339719 .0177969 1.91 0.056 -.0009094 .0688532 lgdp | .2187066 .0561721 3.89 0.000 .1086113 .3288019 lgdpau | -.2554042 .3078487 -0.83 0.407 -.8587765 .3479681lgdpdfrati~w | -.3934245 .1998147 -1.97 0.049 -.7850542 -.0017949 lpopau | 2.613699 1.097424 2.38 0.017 .4627876 4.764611 lpop | .1154428 .0709292 1.63 0.104 -.0235758 .2544615 lxrate1 | -.077625 .0184376 -4.21 0.000 -.1137619 -.0414881

lremote | -.1474791 .1104206 -1.34 0.182 -.3638995 .0689414 ldist | -1.317992 .2121404 -6.21 0.000 -1.73378 -.9022047 lopen | .0079705 .025567 0.31 0.755 -.0421399 .058081 english | 2.010913 .2159586 9.31 0.000 1.587642 2.434184 white | 9.530179 1.777197 5.36 0.000 6.046936 13.01342 lwhitemg | -.715652 .182738 -3.92 0.000 -1.073812 -.3574922 _cons | -28.03231 11.15693 -2.51 0.012 -49.89948 -6.165136------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000317

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lgdp | -.000339 .003155 lgdpau | .00027 -.001633 .094771lgdpdfrati~w | -.000543 -.000161 -.001017 .039926 lpopau | -.00124 .007233 -.324499 .022334 1.20434 lpop | .00012 -.003025 .001056 .00082 -.008318 .005031 lxrate1 | -.000016 .00018 .001215 .000773 -.005718 -.000173 .00034 lremote | .000181 .000989 -.006918 -.003311 .024458 -.000603 -.000342 .012193 ldist | .000805 .000852 -.001876 -.001426 -.000057 .002392 -.000334 .00085 .045004 lopen | .000025 -.000269 -.000144 .001036 -.000897 .00034 -9.2e-06 -.000128 -.000048 english | -.000295 -.002593 .003959 .003685 -.014245 .004618 .00031 -.00409 .014939 white | .001783 -.023693 .015363 .002696 -.084772 .026364 .001004 .00979 -.027922 lwhitemg | -.000178 .001381 -.001254 -.000019 .006378 -.001793 -.000079 -.000391 .001408 _cons | .008932 -.114474 2.98919 -.354433 -11.7087 .080855 .065954 -.346777 -.443276

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000654 english | -.000046 .046638 white | .001316 .073105 3.15843 lwhitemg | -.000066 -.006954 -.320197 .033393 _cons | .020262 .002788 1.26886 -.083767 124.477

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 988.73Log likelihood = -844.1323 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1393983 .0648137 2.15 0.031 .0123658 .2664308 lgdp | .530477 .1090845 4.86 0.000 .3166753 .7442788 lgdpau | -2.243639 1.099009 -2.04 0.041 -4.397657 -.0896217lgdpdfrati~w | -1.03161 .440957 -2.34 0.019 -1.89587 -.1673499 lpopau | 4.589696 3.767189 1.22 0.223 -2.793858 11.97325

lpop | .2202432 .1240381 1.78 0.076 -.0228669 .4633533 lxrate1 | -.1536324 .0396061 -3.88 0.000 -.2312588 -.0760059 lremote | 1.685926 .2751382 6.13 0.000 1.146665 2.225187 ldist | -1.640271 .4919576 -3.33 0.001 -2.60449 -.6760518 lopen | .0022739 .0773031 0.03 0.977 -.1492374 .1537852 english | .2899556 .2586593 1.12 0.262 -.2170073 .7969186 white | 10.73479 1.46604 7.32 0.000 7.861404 13.60818 lwhitemg | -.8262875 .1419947 -5.82 0.000 -1.104592 -.547983 _cons | -27.89085 35.41797 -0.79 0.431 -97.3088 41.52709------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004201 lgdp | -.004345 .011899 lgdpau | -.002279 .005727 1.20782lgdpdfrati~w | -.001843 .004439 .000125 .194443 lpopau | .003888 -.027673 -4.03625 .048754 14.1917 lpop | .001503 -.010078 -.002566 -.002612 .011629 .015385 lxrate1 | .000085 .001589 .000796 .001453 -.009339 -.001498 .001569 lremote | .001567 -.002623 -.032827 -.020883 .08334 .002516 .00094 .075701

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ldist | .012111 -.010455 -.010494 -.010462 -.004741 .015231 -.00237 .021962 .242022 lopen | .000307 -.000793 .00626 .000864 -.033467 .002144 -.000381 .002904 .004471 english | -.005535 .011066 .007214 .001431 -.028577 -.00896 -.000524 -.003464 .025486 white | .027217 -.049849 -.042689 -.039311 .064875 .048055 .004972 .119369 .127737 lwhitemg | -.003033 .002976 .000148 .001152 .010482 -.002406 -.000771 -.004657 -.016657 _cons | -.079774 .334079 35.5841 -.781611 -129.926 -.305764 .129267 -1.3692 -2.19391

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005976 english | -.000764 .066905 white | .001702 .028374 2.14927 lwhitemg | -.000051 -.004907 -.198109 .020162 _cons | .311546 -.02174 -2.01048 .01206 1254.43

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 556.29Log likelihood = -127.4075 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0365805 .0295912 1.24 0.216 -.0214172 .0945781 lgdp | .155454 .0598195 2.60 0.009 .0382098 .2726981 lgdpau | .3842919 .4130512 0.93 0.352 -.4252735 1.193857

lgdpdfrati~w | .3598006 .1874137 1.92 0.055 -.0075234 .7271246 lpopau | 2.491129 1.458964 1.71 0.088 -.368388 5.350646 lpop | .3029253 .0801556 3.78 0.000 .1458233 .4600274 lxrate1 | -.0304988 .016574 -1.84 0.066 -.0629833 .0019857 lremote | -.0325276 .129214 -0.25 0.801 -.2857824 .2207271 ldist | -2.249344 .428998 -5.24 0.000 -3.090164 -1.408523 lopen | .0542949 .0380809 1.43 0.154 -.0203423 .128932 english | .8889435 .1879206 4.73 0.000 .5206259 1.257261 white | 15.9982 1.227422 13.03 0.000 13.59249 18.4039 lwhitemg | -1.354415 .1148806 -11.79 0.000 -1.579577 -1.129253 _cons | -37.94003 15.06387 -2.52 0.012 -67.46468 -8.415386------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000876 lgdp | -.000651 .003578 lgdpau | -.000566 -.000093 .170611lgdpdfrati~w | -.000732 .000808 -.000296 .035124 lpopau | .001375 .001256 -.572367 .016239 2.12858 lpop | -.000122 -.002609 .0005 .000621 -.00512 .006425 lxrate1 | .000052 .000097 .000183 .000551 -.002641 -.000114 .000275 lremote | .000884 .002047 -.007537 -.003499 .02195 -.001644 .000114 .016696 ldist | .002357 -.004247 -.010601 -.00807 .005261 .008721 .000151 .017532 .184039 lopen | -.00002 -.000066 .000237 .000307 -.004601 .00054 -.00005 .00004 .000344 english | -.001251 -.000627 .003284 .002949 -.01552 .004693 .000141 -.005079 .005432 white | .004505 -.016393 .030623 -.00381 -.280085 .025679 .003573 -.005969 -.028967 lwhitemg | -.000522 .000875 -.003152 .000221 .027679 -.001957 -.000381 .000671 .00377 _cons | -.025711 -.032203 5.18156 -.216674 -20.4959 -.040103 .034554 -.498475 -1.76989

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| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00145 english | .000102 .035314 white | -.000396 .047056 1.50656 lwhitemg | .000063 -.004051 -.137866 .013198 _cons | .060407 .097717 4.08526 -.402211 226.92

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 256.23Log likelihood = 132.5586 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0020073 .019418 -0.10 0.918 -.0400658 .0360512

lgdp | .2802794 .0514327 5.45 0.000 .1794732 .3810856 lgdpau | -.3122238 .3550623 -0.88 0.379 -1.008133 .3836856lgdpdfrati~w | -.0741226 .1442058 -0.51 0.607 -.3567608 .2085156 lpopau | 4.343286 1.292515 3.36 0.001 1.810003 6.876569 lpop | -.0673687 .0612683 -1.10 0.272 -.1874523 .0527149 lxrate1 | -.0994758 .0153655 -6.47 0.000 -.1295917 -.06936 lremote | .3445023 .1300699 2.65 0.008 .08957 .5994346 ldist | -1.363642 .2865134 -4.76 0.000 -1.925198 -.8020859 lopen | .0236202 .0288943 0.82 0.414 -.0330117 .080252 english | .2555113 .1689985 1.51 0.131 -.0757198 .5867423 white | 9.43338 2.045517 4.61 0.000 5.424241 13.44252 lwhitemg | -.7964097 .1950181 -4.08 0.000 -1.178638 -.4141812 _cons | -58.18136 13.69856 -4.25 0.000 -85.03004 -31.33268------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000377 lgdp | -.000381 .002645 lgdpau | .000306 -.000718 .126069lgdpdfrati~w | -.000458 .00053 -.0059 .020795 lpopau | -.002651 .003992 -.432625 .026896 1.6706 lpop | .000034 -.00221 -.00012 -.000037 .000383 .003754 lxrate1 | 1.9e-06 7.5e-06 .000502 .000479 -.00453 -.000112 .000236 lremote | .000327 .001765 -.007647 -.001082 .026652 -.0015 -.000059 .016918 ldist | .001809 -.001998 -.001909 -.001928 .002264 .00441 8.3e-06 .007358 .08209 lopen | -9.8e-06 9.9e-07 .000091 .000165 -.001711 .000185 -.000028 .000055 -.000468 english | -.000461 -.001735 2.4e-07 .001057 .01987 .00468 .000227 -.001364 .0149 white | .002565 -.0151 .01788 -.004192 -.146005 .015826 .002045 -.000622 .011364 lwhitemg | -.000293 .000945 -.002128 .000408 .014785 -.001243 -.000154 .000692 -.002106 _cons | .022656 -.066095 3.97473 -.296469 -16.7148 -.042306 .062442 -.474921 -.869634

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000835 english | -.000327 .02856 white | -.000791 .036228 4.18414 lwhitemg | .0001 -.003369 -.392401 .038032 _cons | .027565 -.500792 1.91084 -.174761 187.65

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. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 435.46Log likelihood = -661.8525 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1843746 .0527003 3.50 0.000 .0810839 .2876652 lgdp | .7236199 .1038453 6.97 0.000 .5200869 .9271529 lgdpau | -.5894918 .6464471 -0.91 0.362 -1.856505 .6775212lgdpdfrati~w | -.3099279 .2725694 -1.14 0.256 -.844154 .2242982 lpopau | 3.659173 2.226604 1.64 0.100 -.7048913 8.023236 lpop | -.3557129 .1499456 -2.37 0.018 -.6496008 -.061825 lxrate1 | -.1425012 .0310608 -4.59 0.000 -.2033792 -.0816233 lremote | .1075741 .2272424 0.47 0.636 -.3378127 .5529609 ldist | -3.270791 .6904391 -4.74 0.000 -4.624027 -1.917555 lopen | .0389903 .0632617 0.62 0.538 -.0850003 .1629808 english | -.5740779 .4313166 -1.33 0.183 -1.419443 .2712871 white | 20.30208 4.12891 4.92 0.000 12.20957 28.3946 lwhitemg | -1.81377 .3799457 -4.77 0.000 -2.55845 -1.06909 _cons | -22.85692 22.03986 -1.04 0.300 -66.05425 20.34041------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002777 lgdp | -.002283 .010784 lgdpau | .001139 -.001293 .417894lgdpdfrati~w | -.001812 .00325 -.009067 .074294 lpopau | -.008263 -.000263 -1.38915 .056297 4.95777 lpop | -.000139 -.007776 -.001658 -.001769 -.007558 .022484 lxrate1 | .000134 .000488 .001936 .001161 -.01007 -.00076 .000965 lremote | .000978 .004442 -.019427 -.011807 .036143 -.002592 .000526 .051639 ldist | .01133 .011422 -.005617 -.004112 -.046323 .002053 .000322 .030388 .476706 lopen | .000452 -.001022 -.000925 -.000225 -.009784 .001742 -.000197 .000606 .003031 english | -.006126 .003115 .001495 .005648 -.017504 .018394 .000579 -.003598 .123859 white | .007098 -.032954 .114942 .015386 -.363855 .078078 .005241 .027694 .24083 lwhitemg | -.001258 .001264 -.01212 -.002662 .040592 -.005891 -.000583 -.000322 -.037722 _cons | .033261 -.223874 12.3553 -.670807 -45.5463 -.007969 .103949 -.887039 -4.259

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .004002 english | -.001532 .186034 white | .003827 .299272 17.0479 lwhitemg | -.000246 -.03209 -1.54244 .144359 _cons | .149867 -1.27943 -.180675 .091041 485.755

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 877.93Log likelihood = -586.7048 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2504516 .0517056 4.84 0.000 .1491105 .3517928 lgdp | .5662717 .1041737 5.44 0.000 .362095 .7704484 lgdpau | .7947942 .6411341 1.24 0.215 -.4618055 2.051394lgdpdfrati~w | .0431068 .2816506 0.15 0.878 -.5089183 .5951318 lpopau | -3.386416 2.216957 -1.53 0.127 -7.731571 .9587384 lpop | .4802459 .1315424 3.65 0.000 .2224275 .7380642 lxrate1 | -.0839882 .0288425 -2.91 0.004 -.1405184 -.027458 lremote | -.2240731 .2234061 -1.00 0.316 -.661941 .2137949 ldist | -2.089272 .4516517 -4.63 0.000 -2.974493 -1.204051 lopen | -.0783054 .0760363 -1.03 0.303 -.2273338 .0707231 english | 1.010136 .3277512 3.08 0.002 .3677559 1.652517 white | 24.04046 3.062819 7.85 0.000 18.03744 30.04347 lwhitemg | -2.313689 .2728302 -8.48 0.000 -2.848426 -1.778951

_cons | 39.58007 21.35844 1.85 0.064 -2.281693 81.44183------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002673 lgdp | -.002267 .010852 lgdpau | -.001311 .004588 .411053lgdpdfrati~w | -.001685 .003567 -.006749 .079327 lpopau | .003132 -.031767 -1.37517 .026886 4.9149 lpop | .000323 -.008672 -.003861 -.002526 .019118 .017303 lxrate1 | .000096 .000641 .000849 .001259 -.006943 -.000831 .000832 lremote | .000852 .003888 -.017179 -.015446 .037051 -.003098 .000602 .04991 ldist | .009565 -.004586 -.006244 -.00212 -.010252 .016157 .000406 .00796 .203989 lopen | .000198 -.000105 .000821 .001593 -.016605 .001274 -.000055 .00115 .001472 english | -.004124 .003612 .004959 .006296 -.019114 -.000724 .000556 -.008485 .054172 white | .007544 -.03476 .01951 -.010317 -.01562 .062709 .003783 .027331 .045432 lwhitemg | -.001107 .00118 -.003733 -.000671 .011939 -.004365 -.000401 -.000093 -.008394 _cons | -.081927 .314833 12.2062 -.229051 -45.3164 -.418888 .078074 -.704296 -1.88779

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005782 english | -.001929 .107421 white | .002465 .01014 9.38086 lwhitemg | -.00032 .0006 -.820386 .074436 _cons | .214113 -.339822 -1.21319 .032493 456.183

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1865.10Log likelihood = -754.8819 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0691343 .0334813 2.06 0.039 .0035122 .1347564 lgdp | .9850804 .0942956 10.45 0.000 .8002645 1.169896 lgdpau | .8964104 .6692177 1.34 0.180 -.4152322 2.208053lgdpdfrati~w | -.0849945 .2659558 -0.32 0.749 -.6062582 .4362692 lpopau | 3.406191 2.331392 1.46 0.144 -1.163253 7.975635 lpop | -.4191724 .13903 -3.01 0.003 -.6916662 -.1466787 lxrate1 | -.1527796 .0214801 -7.11 0.000 -.1948798 -.1106793 lremote | -.4202257 .1854732 -2.27 0.023 -.7837464 -.0567049 ldist | -1.84215 .7242257 -2.54 0.011 -3.261606 -.4226933 lopen | -.0529992 .0709769 -0.75 0.455 -.1921113 .086113 english | .0729744 .3344097 0.22 0.827 -.5824565 .7284053

white | 28.68724 2.624687 10.93 0.000 23.54295 33.83153 lwhitemg | -2.670206 .2545589 -10.49 0.000 -3.169132 -2.17128 _cons | -71.70503 23.47706 -3.05 0.002 -117.7192 -25.69083------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001121 lgdp | -.0018 .008892 lgdpau | -.00047 .00172 .447852lgdpdfrati~w | -.001868 .00395 -.013902 .070732 lpopau | -.005106 -.009869 -1.49375 .051635 5.43539 lpop | .001641 -.010949 -.00468 -.003822 .027506 .019329 lxrate1 | .000052 .00028 .000408 .000715 -.008338 -.000618 .000461 lremote | .001283 .003542 -.016771 -.004086 .017191 -.002615 .000319 .0344 ldist | .006438 .011467 -.024302 -.003584 -.047657 .011286 .001196 .061367 .524503 lopen | .000306 -.000865 -.00035 .004325 -.007402 .001166 -.000312 .000876 .001259 english | -.001069 .002756 .00221 .002782 -.007167 .000144 .000754 .001262 .066856 white | .016993 -.055498 .013446 -.030492 -.317411 .067699 .008342 .037608 .106296 lwhitemg | -.001539 .003795 -.002696 .002238 .037105 -.0049 -.000816 -.002732 -.017349 _cons | .035299 -.046113 13.4583 -.513266 -50.907 -.476665 .113834 -.774494 -4.60052

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005038 english | -.001504 .11183 white | -.006765 .211331 6.88898 lwhitemg | .000857 -.023671 -.658188 .0648 _cons | .112722 -.66363 3.64967 -.353802 551.173

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 483.67Log likelihood = -574.9583 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .386079 .0589767 6.55 0.000 .2704867 .5016712 lgdp | .2755461 .0984989 2.80 0.005 .0824919 .4686004 lgdpau | 1.162412 .7464628 1.56 0.119 -.3006277 2.625453lgdpdfrati~w | -.5317601 .3174726 -1.67 0.094 -1.153995 .0904747 lpopau | -4.693259 2.577186 -1.82 0.069 -9.744452 .3579328 lpop | .321592 .1050295 3.06 0.002 .1157381 .527446 lxrate1 | -.0802749 .0343473 -2.34 0.019 -.1475945 -.0129554 lremote | -.0112592 .2285377 -0.05 0.961 -.4591849 .4366665 ldist | -1.32202 .5813353 -2.27 0.023 -2.461416 -.1826234

lopen | .0948688 .0715944 1.33 0.185 -.0454536 .2351912 english | -.0658296 .2806694 -0.23 0.815 -.6159316 .4842723 white | 19.19142 2.059456 9.32 0.000 15.15496 23.22788 lwhitemg | -1.809191 .1957941 -9.24 0.000 -2.19294 -1.425441 _cons | 51.69158 24.39134 2.12 0.034 3.885441 99.49772------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003478 lgdp | -.003157 .009702 lgdpau | -.002161 .006282 .557207lgdpdfrati~w | -.002576 .00587 -.010391 .100789 lpopau | .004344 -.034024 -1.86332 .053067 6.64189 lpop | .001085 -.006306 -.00421 -.004086 .01129 .011031 lxrate1 | .000303 .000467 -.000225 .000878 -.003822 -.000632 .00118 lremote | .000256 .002983 -.009159 -.017028 -.003026 .000882 .001447 .052229 ldist | .011199 .001036 -.004716 -.011146 -.07225 .00656 .000543 .037672 .337951 lopen | -.000285 .000756 .002077 .000013 -.022472 .00165 -.000157 .00237 .003454 english | -.003731 .007103 .005875 .002315 -.025825 -.000377 -.00154 .007486 .091508 white | .023528 -.038742 -.003276 -.07166 .075276 .015027 -.001033 .112566 .214939 lwhitemg | -.002675 .002183 -.001494 .004368 .003687 -.000352 -.000224 -.007909 -.030815 _cons | -.089763 .255519 16.3664 -.508579 -60.108 -.180687 .04614 -.600108 -2.41678

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005126 english | -.000118 .078775 white | -.007942 .140228 4.24136 lwhitemg | .000736 -.016693 -.394364 .038335 _cons | .227815 -.807289 -3.68916 .314644 594.937

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1193.05Log likelihood = -273.9522 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0010728 .0248302 -0.04 0.966 -.0497392 .0475936 lgdp | .4406059 .0831575 5.30 0.000 .2776203 .6035915 lgdpau | -.3983983 .4944349 -0.81 0.420 -1.367473 .5706763lgdpdfrati~w | .1609668 .2345364 0.69 0.493 -.298716 .6206497 lpopau | .9366936 1.719258 0.54 0.586 -2.43299 4.306377

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lpop | -.0321015 .1357326 -0.24 0.813 -.2981325 .2339296 lxrate1 | -.0360116 .0229331 -1.57 0.116 -.0809597 .0089365

lremote | .0130204 .1704304 0.08 0.939 -.321017 .3470578 ldist | -4.235693 .5307148 -7.98 0.000 -5.275875 -3.195511 lopen | -.0048905 .0504997 -0.10 0.923 -.1038681 .0940871 english | .188994 .3028404 0.62 0.533 -.4045622 .7825503 white | 18.1666 2.659472 6.83 0.000 12.95413 23.37907 lwhitemg | -1.35405 .2828876 -4.79 0.000 -1.908499 -.7996003 _cons | 26.89441 17.50195 1.54 0.124 -7.408776 61.1976------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000617 lgdp | -.000773 .006915 lgdpau | .000224 -.002502 .244466lgdpdfrati~w | -.001066 .002894 -.00938 .055007 lpopau | -.00153 .002706 -.814281 .060277 2.95585 lpop | .000145 -.006348 .000098 -.002128 -.018288 .018423 lxrate1 | -.000035 .000183 .001394 .001028 -.006815 -.000402 .000526 lremote | .000146 .002316 -.017244 -.003632 .04823 -.002021 -.000096 .029047 ldist | .002667 .003151 -.010683 .001027 .010048 .01096 -.000528 .012567 .281658 lopen | .000058 -.000226 -.002115 .001259 .001573 .000868 -.000018 -9.7e-06 .00084 english | -.001391 .000807 .00141 .001448 -.017991 .009608 .000749 .000651 .048579 white | .003865 -.037954 .041427 -.027408 -.393333 .10219 .002857 .004857 .094394 lwhitemg | -.000432 .001649 -.004885 .001791 .042757 -.008314 -.000091 .002091 -.014881 _cons | .006308 -.082421 7.40272 -.818633 -27.9899 .064447 .081175 -.74017 -2.95196

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00255 english | .000063 .091712 white | -.000028 .1509 7.07279 lwhitemg | .000077 -.014594 -.741586 .080025 _cons | .012787 -.393514 3.67945 -.359757 306.318

.

.

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. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Mauritious

. drop if ccode==164800(10 observations deleted)

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist open english gdpdfration> ew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(stat)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491180.4 1561188 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33290.61 117074.9 2790 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6705 16.94488 102.6999 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.98 10901.72 16.1368 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6696.402 4125.13 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13415.39 3502.315 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7029039 .3862154 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052203 .1813968 1.016437 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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.

. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" countries)--RHS Variables> :. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist phone open eng> lish gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(stat)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404927.1 1597582 3414.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14699.94 27170.26 1403.5 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.7937 17.30519 101.6682 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.834 11681.75 22.9426 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7116.356 4097.172 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13252.63 3388.795 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 157.2161 242.1446 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7095234 .4074967 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.04372 .1863034 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

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.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english> white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9236.37Log likelihood = -536.9589 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3399404 .0308936 11.00 0.000 .2793901 .4004908 lgdp | 1.179603 .0330267 35.72 0.000 1.114871 1.244334 lgdpau | .1488817 .6050049 0.25 0.806 -1.036906 1.33467lgdpdfrati~w | -.930931 .2451789 -3.80 0.000 -1.411473 -.4503891 lpopau | -2.638157 2.086052 -1.26 0.206 -6.726743 1.45043 lpop | .0184136 .040994 0.45 0.653 -.0619331 .0987603 lxrate1 | -.1393531 .0173856 -8.02 0.000 -.1734282 -.1052779 lremote | -.4081785 .0791082 -5.16 0.000 -.5632278 -.2531293 ldist | -2.195867 .1762323 -12.46 0.000 -2.541276 -1.850458 lopen | .3050723 .0573826 5.32 0.000 .1926044 .4175402 english | .8591517 .1290674 6.66 0.000 .6061842 1.112119 white | 4.50132 .5745565 7.83 0.000 3.37521 5.62743 lwhitemg | -.4206251 .0510859 -8.23 0.000 -.5207515 -.3204986 _cons | 43.20908 19.25687 2.24 0.025 5.466311 80.95186------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000954 lgdp | -.000287 .001091 lgdpau | -.000843 .001329 .366031lgdpdfrati~w | -.000758 .000121 -.008859 .060113 lpopau | .001588 -.007906 -1.23727 .04719 4.35161 lpop | -.000142 -.000729 .000123 .000204 -.000092 .001681 lxrate1 | .000071 .000168 .000331 .000202 -.002144 -.000073 .000302 lremote | .000478 .000071 -.00054 -.001934 -.002686 -.000288 .000074 .006258 ldist | .001471 .001239 .000656 -.001164 -.01163 .000264 .002076 .004839 .031058 lopen | -.000129 .000616 .002585 .000708 -.017904 .000289 .000086 .001379 .00026 english | -.001147 .002892 .002729 .002033 -.010232 -.001494 .000568 -.003225 .003517 white | .004861 -.002327 .002539 -.009719 -.023348 .004785 -.000182 .001049 -.005428 lwhitemg | -.00059 .000203 -.000278 .000883 .002814 -.000389 -7.9e-06 .000079 -.000076 _cons | -.019962 .069955 10.9023 -.587206 -39.4812 -.009666 .00201 -.037494 -.209884

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .003293 english | -.000834 .016658 white | .0004 -.003182 .330115 lwhitemg | -.000135 .000408 -.028837 .00261 _cons | .198178 .04389 .303238 -.033549 370.827

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.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 69195.05Log likelihood = -944.2945 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0466567 .0135197 3.45 0.001 .0201586 .0731548 lgdp | 1.609858 .0502161 32.06 0.000 1.511436 1.70828 lgdpau | .9812038 .3541113 2.77 0.006 .2871584 1.675249lgdpdfrati~w | -.4048356 .1455223 -2.78 0.005 -.6900541 -.1196171 lpopau | -6.848007 1.194239 -5.73 0.000 -9.188673 -4.507341 lpop | -.3428348 .0833033 -4.12 0.000 -.5061062 -.1795634 lxrate1 | -.1078255 .0202046 -5.34 0.000 -.1474258 -.0682252 lremote | -.9817909 .0851855 -11.53 0.000 -1.148751 -.8148303 ldist | -3.247793 .1451631 -22.37 0.000 -3.532307 -2.963279 lopen | -.0561053 .026369 -2.13 0.033 -.1077876 -.0044231 english | 1.053688 .0854708 12.33 0.000 .8861683 1.221208 white | 4.581578 .7721337 5.93 0.000 3.068223 6.094932 lwhitemg | -.4518963 .0741456 -6.09 0.000 -.5972191 -.3065736 _cons | 100.944 11.16053 9.04 0.000 79.0698 122.8183------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000183 lgdp | -.000261 .002522 lgdpau | -.001185 .001597 .125395lgdpdfrati~w | -.000579 .000456 -.011615 .021177 lpopau | .004645 -.006474 -.414179 .023963 1.42621 lpop | .000172 -.00395 -.001273 .000466 .003362 .006939 lxrate1 | -.000024 .000254 -.000129 .000367 -.002812 -.000278 .000408 lremote | .000477 .00065 -.005928 -.002695 .020346 -.001632 .00016 .007257 ldist | .000568 -.000192 -.005857 -.001637 .014522 .000067 .000654 .004391 .021072 lopen | .000045 -.00007 -.000877 .000924 .003241 .000213 -.000068 .000525 .000082 english | -.000406 .000242 .002811 .002445 -.018993 .000232 .0011 -.002384 .001832 white | .00111 -.010779 -.008329 -.004709 .040721 .015341 -.001306 .005233 -.048851 lwhitemg | -.000077 .00054 .000312 .000364 -.003017 -.000637 .000185 -.000161 .005518 _cons | -.05258 .066271 3.68971 -.089267 -13.0544 -.027784 .039282 -.277052 -.330443

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000695 english | -.000392 .007305 white | .001531 -.004198 .59619 lwhitemg | -.000129 .000642 -.056044 .005498 _cons | -.038542 .230471 -.019521 -.013336 124.557

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

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. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6901.13Log likelihood = -930.6371 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0854527 .020572 4.15 0.000 .0451324 .125773 lgdp | 1.734229 .0678925 25.54 0.000 1.601162 1.867295 lgdpau | .2481397 .5098439 0.49 0.626 -.7511359 1.247415lgdpdfrati~w | -.4943295 .2039613 -2.42 0.015 -.8940864 -.0945726 lpopau | -3.228102 1.764802 -1.83 0.067 -6.68705 .2308469 lpop | -.5796555 .0857212 -6.76 0.000 -.7476659 -.411645 lxrate1 | -.1597039 .0270225 -5.91 0.000 -.2126671 -.1067407 lremote | -.4487527 .1289387 -3.48 0.001 -.7014678 -.1960375 ldist | -4.274191 .4046384 -10.56 0.000 -5.067267 -3.481114 lopen | .0412528 .0394026 1.05 0.295 -.0359749 .1184804 english | 1.256688 .1488128 8.44 0.000 .96502 1.548355 white | 10.24781 1.889284 5.42 0.000 6.544886 13.95074 lwhitemg | -.8696431 .1887024 -4.61 0.000 -1.239493 -.4997931 _cons | 66.02029 16.81087 3.93 0.000 33.0716 98.96899------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000423 lgdp | -.000663 .004609 lgdpau | -.001859 .004274 .259941lgdpdfrati~w | -.000746 .001657 -.017607 .0416 lpopau | .005705 -.02183 -.872463 .052866 3.11453 lpop | .000454 -.004002 -.00256 -.000912 .008657 .007348 lxrate1 | -4.4e-07 .00051 .000125 .000922 -.005208 -.000807 .00073 lremote | -.000075 -.000615 -.007258 -.002343 .023226 -.001232 .000098 .016625 ldist | .001828 .007296 -.011249 -.003507 -.022364 .005238 .000382 .006619 .163732 lopen | .000092 -.000546 -.000503 .001632 .002261 .000891 -.000192 .000597 -.000419 english | -.000886 .002162 .006212 .003064 -.041272 .003717 .001843 -.005321 .010304 white | .000567 -.02812 .00233 .002694 .020955 .018313 .004978 .012114 -.19299 lwhitemg | -.00006 .001381 -.001507 -.000675 .00446 -.000877 -.00052 .000878 .016395 _cons | -.055862 .14691 7.79562 -.424674 -28.4914 -.142458 .07598 -.369731 -1.21191

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001553 english | -.00137 .022145 white | .001945 .020041 3.56939 lwhitemg | -.000072 -.002442 -.349377 .035609 _cons | -.027694 .351186 1.6285 -.2127 282.605

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2456.60Log likelihood = -1090.948 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .09159 .0305093 3.00 0.003 .0317929 .1513872 lgdp | .9724707 .0726256 13.39 0.000 .830127 1.114814 lgdpau | -.5296512 .8526896 -0.62 0.534 -2.200892 1.14159lgdpdfrati~w | -.3264177 .3454644 -0.94 0.345 -1.003516 .3506801 lpopau | .6397567 2.916326 0.22 0.826 -5.076138 6.355651 lpop | -.1076432 .0913993 -1.18 0.239 -.2867825 .0714961 lxrate1 | -.14108 .0321966 -4.38 0.000 -.2041842 -.0779759 lremote | .481166 .2247619 2.14 0.032 .0406408 .9216911 ldist | -1.685331 .3051464 -5.52 0.000 -2.283406 -1.087255 lopen | .3604491 .0759463 4.75 0.000 .211597 .5093012 english | 1.904717 .2317271 8.22 0.000 1.45054 2.358893 white | 1.722615 2.28612 0.75 0.451 -2.758098 6.203328 lwhitemg | .1497773 .2012294 0.74 0.457 -.2446251 .5441797 _cons | -2.319881 27.46113 -0.08 0.933 -56.14271 51.50295------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000931 lgdp | -.000875 .005274 lgdpau | -.001226 .000819 .72708lgdpdfrati~w | .00012 .001096 -.022664 .119346 lpopau | .000945 -.006735 -2.43707 .057979 8.50496 lpop | .000323 -.004916 .000244 -.000807 -.00092 .008354 lxrate1 | .000078 .000861 .000496 .002306 -.007697 -.001196 .001037 lremote | .001072 .00022 -.026369 -.014748 .087385 .000966 -.000987 .050518 ldist | .002687 -.005938 -.016435 -.004988 .047235 .010412 -.000402 .016592 .093114 lopen | .000206 -.001149 .004098 .002706 -.021529 .003171 -.00016 .001829 -.000839 english | -.002167 -.000426 .00718 .004952 -.012216 -.001636 .001686 -.013278 .014728 white | .00235 -.020361 .09349 .00414 -.372314 .014571 .000798 .040226 -.01963 lwhitemg | -.000297 .000552 -.00987 -.001781 .040899 .000108 -.000225 -.000825 .005244 _cons | -.00779 .106286 21.7479 -.328648 -78.2925 -.116866 .120273 -1.36334 -1.43193

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005768 english | -.002455 .053697 white | .006434 .039202 5.22635 lwhitemg | -.000322 -.002767 -.449082 .040493 _cons | .218405 .010679 3.76067 -.473555 754.114

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 65878.29Log likelihood = -892.9264 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0145651 .013359 1.09 0.276 -.011618 .0407482 lgdp | 1.638129 .048933 33.48 0.000 1.542222 1.734036 lgdpau | .7017953 .386533 1.82 0.069 -.0557956 1.459386lgdpdfrati~w | -.1456071 .1310848 -1.11 0.267 -.4025285 .1113143 lpopau | -6.827895 1.302471 -5.24 0.000 -9.380691 -4.275098 lpop | -.2916687 .083277 -3.50 0.000 -.4548885 -.1284488 lxrate1 | -.030043 .0172231 -1.74 0.081 -.0637996 .0037136 lremote | -.5274982 .1394843 -3.78 0.000 -.8008823 -.254114 ldist | -2.694821 .1431752 -18.82 0.000 -2.975439 -2.414203 lopen | -.0200108 .0290338 -0.69 0.491 -.0769161 .0368944 english | 1.141454 .1128925 10.11 0.000 .9201891 1.36272 white | 3.321044 .8504369 3.91 0.000 1.654218 4.987869 lwhitemg | -.2514483 .0764864 -3.29 0.001 -.4013589 -.1015377 _cons | 96.80483 12.25025 7.90 0.000 72.79479 120.8149------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000178 lgdp | -.000142 .002394 lgdpau | -.000481 .001877 .149408lgdpdfrati~w | -.000306 .0008 -.006238 .017183 lpopau | .001487 -.006456 -.494131 .010781 1.69643 lpop | 8.0e-06 -.00381 -.002122 -.000412 .00592 .006935 lxrate1 | .000012 .000195 -.000241 .000392 -.001415 -.000273 .000297 lremote | .000196 -.001535 -.015554 -.001223 .050323 .001601 .000141 .019456 ldist | .000631 -.003776 -.004488 .000357 .006896 .006093 .000509 .002584 .020499 lopen | .000015 -.000068 -.000924 .001251 .00301 .000286 -.000054 .000995 .000295 english | -.000313 -.000149 .002981 .001851 -.013735 -.000465 .000771 -.003648 .004754 white | .000081 -.011592 -.027204 -.002577 .080299 .018023 .000993 .03329 .007526 lwhitemg | -.000034 .000322 .000773 .000086 -.002007 -.000477 -.000085 -.000949 .000709 _cons | -.017247 .112857 4.45684 -.035618 -15.651 -.136678 .022057 -.613136 -.233347

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000843 english | -.000478 .012745 white | .001321 .002234 .723243 lwhitemg | -.00004 .000025 -.062139 .00585 _cons | -.041057 .140714 -1.00677 .014993 150.069

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7748.06

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Log likelihood = -961.9124 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2321751 .0318211 7.30 0.000 .1698068 .2945433 lgdp | 1.589443 .0720862 22.05 0.000 1.448156 1.730729 lgdpau | -.1019329 .6140063 -0.17 0.868 -1.305363 1.101497lgdpdfrati~w | -.17083 .2606232 -0.66 0.512 -.681642 .339982 lpopau | -1.336693 2.149143 -0.62 0.534 -5.548937 2.875551 lpop | -.494482 .0858631 -5.76 0.000 -.6627707 -.3261933 lxrate1 | -.1383292 .0283447 -4.88 0.000 -.1938837 -.0827746 lremote | -.3433207 .1227443 -2.80 0.005 -.5838952 -.1027462 ldist | -2.905296 .3820436 -7.60 0.000 -3.654088 -2.156505 lopen | .1160311 .0494803 2.34 0.019 .0190515 .2130107 english | .8603787 .13779 6.24 0.000 .5903153 1.130442 white | 10.02124 1.862959 5.38 0.000 6.369907 13.67257 lwhitemg | -.8828167 .1861371 -4.74 0.000 -1.247639 -.5179948 _cons | 30.71222 20.45729 1.50 0.133 -9.383322 70.80777------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001013 lgdp | -.001485 .005196 lgdpau | -.001816 .003604 .377004lgdpdfrati~w | -.001205 .002763 -.024217 .067924 lpopau | .004986 -.018054 -1.27999 .09389 4.61882 lpop | .000831 -.004459 -.001749 -.001898 .00637 .007372 lxrate1 | .000088 .000364 -.000027 .001177 -.004895 -.000755 .000803 lremote | 2.6e-07 -.000475 -.004124 -.000907 .006787 -.000995 .000153 .015066 ldist | .004191 .000599 -.011842 -.003921 -.021713 .006186 .000638 .010058 .145957 lopen | .000132 -.000721 .00147 .001618 -.0077 .001413 -.000261 .000352 -.000892 english | -.001646 .003546 .002992 .00436 -.019966 .000309 .001885 -.004529 -.00108 white | .000726 -.024752 .014386 .003006 .01598 .011156 .005446 .009476 -.217379 lwhitemg | -.000027 .00136 -.002262 -.000756 .002223 -.000348 -.000534 .000922 .020899 _cons | -.058458 .160771 11.4758 -.977606 -42.7287 -.125405 .073262 -.207107 -.940874

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002448 english | -.001614 .018986 white | .003259 .014273 3.47062 lwhitemg | -.000222 -.001917 -.340916 .034647 _cons | .089141 .209749 1.68912 -.207024 418.501

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen eng> lish white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9495.35Log likelihood = -1094.757 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------

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limmig | .0351065 .0170894 2.05 0.040 .001612 .0686011 lgdp | 1.406945 .0498494 28.22 0.000 1.309242 1.504648 lgdpau | .5873843 .5529052 1.06 0.288 -.49629 1.671059lgdpdfrati~w | -.0079138 .1849011 -0.04 0.966 -.3703133 .3544857 lpopau | -5.680262 1.879965 -3.02 0.003 -9.364927 -1.995598 lpop | -.0112127 .0720836 -0.16 0.876 -.152494 .1300685 lxrate1 | -.0711808 .0215444 -3.30 0.001 -.1134071 -.0289545 lremote | -1.106658 .158596 -6.98 0.000 -1.417501 -.7958156 ldist | -3.540954 .2109922 -16.78 0.000 -3.954491 -3.127416 lopen | .1044424 .047216 2.21 0.027 .0119007 .1969842 english | 2.342951 .1464233 16.00 0.000 2.055966 2.629935 white | 3.518044 1.167781 3.01 0.003 1.229235 5.806852 lwhitemg | -.2056708 .0986102 -2.09 0.037 -.3989433 -.0123982 _cons | 93.68756 17.76206 5.27 0.000 58.87456 128.5006------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000292 lgdp | -.000501 .002485 lgdpau | -.000381 .000598 .305704lgdpdfrati~w | -.000594 .000666 .002765 .034188 lpopau | -.000806 .000705 -1.01774 -.006774 3.53427 lpop | .000262 -.002725 -.000487 .000205 -.001858 .005196 lxrate1 | -.000038 .000263 .000383 .000664 -.002647 -.000468 .000464 lremote | .000356 .000398 -.01523 -.002801 .048243 -.0009 -.000415 .025153 ldist | .000731 .000269 -.010274 -.00237 .022614 .000219 .000075 .016096 .044518 lopen | .000117 -.000443 .000289 .002221 -.000977 .000906 -.00014 .001224 .000475 english | -.000969 .000881 .002867 .002151 -.009012 .001133 .00127 -.00472 .00354 white | .000476 -.012892 -.003389 -.001092 .005939 .022745 -.00013 .004361 -.011664 lwhitemg | -4.3e-06 .000692 -.000767 .000126 .002431 -.001486 .000074 .00114 .00301 _cons | .020329 -.04523 9.08688 .034601 -32.5514 .027821 .035475 -.766513 -.685095

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002229 english | -.001686 .02144 white | .001058 .031486 1.36371 lwhitemg | .000021 -.002749 -.111635 .009724 _cons | -.011688 .03507 -.021557 -.050818 315.491

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english> white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 595.42Log likelihood = -564.3418 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3941462 .0383023 10.29 0.000 .3190751 .4692173 lgdp | .1175282 .0569464 2.06 0.039 .0059152 .2291411 lgdpau | .1158187 .4131291 0.28 0.779 -.6938994 .9255368lgdpdfrati~w | -.3768698 .1545512 -2.44 0.015 -.6797846 -.073955 lpopau | -2.277361 1.437747 -1.58 0.113 -5.095295 .5405719

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lpop | .4595437 .0837224 5.49 0.000 .2954509 .6236366 lxrate1 | -.1092336 .0220914 -4.94 0.000 -.1525318 -.0659353 lremote | .0364526 .1563598 0.23 0.816 -.270007 .3429122 ldist | -1.310074 .3916464 -3.35 0.001 -2.077687 -.5424613 lopen | .1200957 .0245205 4.90 0.000 .0720365 .168155 english | .6046335 .2089698 2.89 0.004 .1950602 1.014207 white | 10.61195 .6964216 15.24 0.000 9.246985 11.97691 lwhitemg | -1.047621 .070262 -14.91 0.000 -1.185332 -.9099102 _cons | 41.90723 14.13014 2.97 0.003 14.21267 69.60179------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001467 lgdp | -.000588 .003243 lgdpau | .001368 -.002619 .170676lgdpdfrati~w | -.00086 .000347 -.003875 .023886 lpopau | -.010519 .012326 -.572233 .015837 2.06712 lpop | -.00049 -.002573 .00036 .000058 -.008638 .007009 lxrate1 | .000096 .000201 .00133 .000809 -.006763 -.000368 .000488 lremote | .00234 .002228 -.011652 -.004615 .028063 -.003153 -.000094 .024448 ldist | .003154 -.0049 -.005491 -.001243 -.038621 .013278 .001156 .02097 .153387 lopen | .000243 -.000368 -.000977 -.000741 .000422 .000316 -.000153 .000396 .000633 english | -.002291 .000852 -.000747 .003117 -.003776 .005304 .000944 -.001623 .008492 white | .006837 -.003474 .018997 .000581 -.125519 .01157 .003311 .005324 -.027248 lwhitemg | -.000706 -.000167 -.002329 -.000205 .013034 -.00055 -.00037 .00015 .005597 _cons | .100846 -.14161 5.21338 -.140238 -19.2328 -.013087 .064955 -.584496 -.981242

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000601 english | -.000923 .043668 white | .000287 .050449 .485003 lwhitemg | .000016 -.002436 -.046314 .004937 _cons | .013124 -.1069 1.59948 -.18929 199.661

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen english > white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3544.12Log likelihood = -591.276 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1349956 .029941 4.51 0.000 .0763123 .1936789 lgdp | .2327001 .0507931 4.58 0.000 .1331474 .3322529 lgdpau | -.1025891 .0584568 -1.75 0.079 -.2171623 .0119841lgdpdfrati~w | -.1162056 .038669 -3.01 0.003 -.1919954 -.0404158 lpopau | 2.677236 .2436418 10.99 0.000 2.199707 3.154765 lpop | .8508725 .1027515 8.28 0.000 .6494832 1.052262 lxrate1 | -.0124927 .0074788 -1.67 0.095 -.0271509 .0021655 lremote | .1368872 .0300201 4.56 0.000 .0780488 .1957256 ldist | -3.321323 .3411413 -9.74 0.000 -3.989948 -2.652698 lopen | -.003212 .0276732 -0.12 0.908 -.0574506 .0510265

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english | .7473288 .2823302 2.65 0.008 .1939717 1.300686 white | 23.68078 2.995456 7.91 0.000 17.80979 29.55176 lwhitemg | -2.221389 .2771117 -8.02 0.000 -2.764518 -1.67826 _cons | -24.76478 4.963364 -4.99 0.000 -34.49279 -15.03676------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000896 lgdp | -.000482 .00258 lgdpau | -.000638 -.000428 .003417lgdpdfrati~w | .000294 -.001028 .000685 .001495 lpopau | .004377 -.000091 -.011917 .000304 .059361 lpop | -.000306 -.002279 .001334 .00057 -.004733 .010558 lxrate1 | 9.2e-06 .000065 -.000043 .000024 .000557 -.00021 .000056 lremote | -.000287 .001075 -.000547 -.000868 -.000048 -.000744 .000028 .000901 ldist | .00315 -.000365 -.002702 .000148 .020241 -.00165 -.000076 -.000138 .116377 lopen | -.000327 -.0002 .000251 -.000348 -.003692 .001073 -.000138 .000166 -.000796 english | -.000597 -.000068 .00055 .000176 -.005496 -.00011 .000038 -.000168 .055901 white | .002645 -.005772 .001093 .002112 -.00194 .028753 -.000512 -.002496 .020393 lwhitemg | -.000493 .000193 .000153 -.000099 -.00187 -.002978 .000048 .000127 -.004483 _cons | -.073292 -.0132 .130723 -.005807 -.813007 -.047594 -.006175 -.001632 -1.3635

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000766 english | -.000028 .07971 white | .001397 .038892 8.97276 lwhitemg | -.000018 -.003038 -.817751 .076791 _cons | .051756 -.468353 -.533467 .115622 24.635

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 518.44Log likelihood = -543.9577 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5379718 .0489609 10.99 0.000 .4420102 .6339334 lgdp | .0455246 .0817279 0.56 0.578 -.1146591 .2057083 lgdpau | 1.964863 .7915699 2.48 0.013 .4134147 3.516312lgdpdfrati~w | -.6416092 .2846141 -2.25 0.024 -1.199443 -.0837758 lpopau | -9.620497 2.720412 -3.54 0.000 -14.95241 -4.288588 lpop | .250287 .1034826 2.42 0.016 .0474648 .4531092 lxrate1 | -.1086302 .0257672 -4.22 0.000 -.1591331 -.0581274 lremote | .0058357 .2532184 0.02 0.982 -.4904633 .5021347 ldist | -1.636293 .3189819 -5.13 0.000 -2.261486 -1.0111 lopen | .053324 .0534007 1.00 0.318 -.0513395 .1579874 english | -.0418742 .2230027 -0.19 0.851 -.4789514 .3952031 white | 9.063061 1.091917 8.30 0.000 6.922943 11.20318 lwhitemg | -.8359861 .0965023 -8.66 0.000 -1.025127 -.6468451 _cons | 121.5638 25.81768 4.71 0.000 70.96211 172.1656------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002397 lgdp | -.001458 .006679 lgdpau | .000435 .000168 .626583lgdpdfrati~w | -.001375 .001912 -.017464 .081005 lpopau | -.006123 -.007471 -2.09261 .070001 7.40064 lpop | -.000131 -.005285 -.001332 -.000928 .003159 .010709 lxrate1 | .000156 -.000153 .000488 .00084 -.004585 -.00041 .000664 lremote | .001595 .003948 -.021817 -.012121 .060424 -.002541 .000417 .06412 ldist | .004884 .000177 -.009802 -.003948 -.009007 .004959 .000827 .031255 .101749 lopen | -.000281 .000941 .000271 -.000586 -.009735 .000298 -7.5e-06 .001171 .001718 english | -.001677 .002244 .004478 .004493 -.021819 -.001531 .000989 -.009415 .020227 white | .013664 -.028607 .013662 -.007354 -.068968 .034186 .005531 .020003 .009213 lwhitemg | -.001334 .001369 -.002802 -.0002 .014185 -.001862 -.000455 .000696 -.000098 _cons | .048762 .025374 18.5868 -.666755 -68.2349 -.091737 .057759 -1.33129 -.947969

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .002852 english | .000123 .04973 white | -.002789 .017297 1.19228 lwhitemg | .000116 -.001138 -.100699 .009313 _cons | .106413 .093605 .478142 -.154655 666.553

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1388.24Log likelihood = -349.4163 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0536443 .0205621 2.61 0.009 .0133433 .0939454 lgdp | .2503544 .0600466 4.17 0.000 .1326652 .3680436 lgdpau | -.2144216 .366529 -0.59 0.559 -.9328052 .503962lgdpdfrati~w | -.4176267 .2176722 -1.92 0.055 -.8442564 .009003 lpopau | 2.348487 1.294058 1.81 0.070 -.187819 4.884794 lpop | .0479222 .0755424 0.63 0.526 -.1001382 .1959825 lxrate1 | -.0767537 .0196998 -3.90 0.000 -.1153647 -.0381427 lremote | -.1688976 .1251558 -1.35 0.177 -.4141985 .0764034 ldist | -1.306052 .1941917 -6.73 0.000 -1.686661 -.9254434 lopen | .0049899 .0279535 0.18 0.858 -.0497979 .0597777 english | 2.170066 .2249408 9.65 0.000 1.729191 2.610942 white | 9.650816 1.794305 5.38 0.000 6.134042 13.16759 lwhitemg | -.7512423 .1840009 -4.08 0.000 -1.111877 -.3906071 _cons | -24.3573 12.88654 -1.89 0.059 -49.61446 .8998531------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000423 lgdp | -.000413 .003606 lgdpau | .000235 -.001672 .134344lgdpdfrati~w | -.000765 -.000164 -.001271 .047381

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lpopau | -.001223 .007007 -.457833 .025418 1.67459 lpop | .000102 -.003458 .000932 .000968 -.007749 .005707 lxrate1 | -.00002 .000226 .001413 .000839 -.006664 -.00025 .000388 lremote | .000296 .001458 -.00916 -.004795 .032095 -.000938 -.00051 .015664 ldist | .000986 .000471 -.001755 -.002045 .00021 .002392 -.000401 .000883 .03771 lopen | .000026 -.000298 .000109 .001158 -.001982 .000396 -2.6e-06 -.000113 -.000049 english | -.00061 -.003044 .005315 .004637 -.017639 .004796 .000455 -.00633 .01084 white | .001809 -.025973 .014194 .000876 -.080803 .027921 .001 .012371 -.032384 lwhitemg | -.000193 .001531 -.001257 .00014 .006597 -.001822 -.000094 -.000662 .002051 _cons | .008555 -.113042 4.18366 -.389431 -16.0877 .076795 .078504 -.448028 -.372729

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000781 english | -.000015 .050598 white | .001632 .080565 3.21953 lwhitemg | -.000084 -.007445 -.325523 .033856 _cons | .031164 .088271 1.28044 -.093888 166.063

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1039.07Log likelihood = -841.7673 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .090019 .0657281 1.37 0.171 -.0388057 .2188437 lgdp | .523225 .1088723 4.81 0.000 .3098392 .7366108 lgdpau | -2.24134 1.078836 -2.08 0.038 -4.35582 -.1268594lgdpdfrati~w | -1.000214 .4364174 -2.29 0.022 -1.855577 -.1448519 lpopau | 4.808848 3.699014 1.30 0.194 -2.441087 12.05878 lpop | .3769767 .1276481 2.95 0.003 .1267911 .6271624 lxrate1 | -.1535353 .0397621 -3.86 0.000 -.2314677 -.075603 lremote | 1.528927 .2783889 5.49 0.000 .9832951 2.07456 ldist | -1.383706 .5396698 -2.56 0.010 -2.441439 -.3259726 lopen | -.0267164 .0784942 -0.34 0.734 -.1805621 .1271293 english | .1210002 .2559811 0.47 0.636 -.3807136 .6227139 white | 10.59833 1.506153 7.04 0.000 7.646329 13.55034 lwhitemg | -.8016256 .147512 -5.43 0.000 -1.090744 -.5125074 _cons | -34.77268 34.8802 -1.00 0.319 -103.1366 33.59125------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00432 lgdp | -.004305 .011853 lgdpau | -.002214 .005526 1.16389lgdpdfrati~w | -.001736 .004261 .001311 .19046 lpopau | .003891 -.027821 -3.89023 .044201 13.6827 lpop | .001097 -.009948 -.00207 -.00228 .011066 .016294 lxrate1 | .00009 .001677 .000804 .001429 -.009145 -.00169 .001581 lremote | .0019 -.00246 -.033392 -.021472 .086196 .001128 .000929 .0775 ldist | .012061 -.011247 -.010728 -.009509 -.007032 .021879 -.002352 .020611 .291244 lopen | .000406 -.000851 .006597 .001143 -.034394 .002032 -.000397 .003102 .003886 english | -.00491 .01006 .006195 .000932 -.026652 -.008172 -.00027 -.001751 .024806 white | .027727 -.049813 -.040311 -.038908 .061629 .045462 .004546 .118573 .135386

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lwhitemg | -.003135 .00302 -.000138 .001035 .01132 -.00227 -.000757 -.004527 -.017727 _cons | -.079119 .346746 34.3171 -.738495 -125.298 -.37576 .126747 -1.38761 -2.69711

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .006161 english | -.000718 .065526 white | .002394 .035332 2.2685 lwhitemg | -.000119 -.005265 -.211825 .02176 _cons | .32424 -.028704 -2.04426 .011901 1216.63

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 564.72Log likelihood = -83.05986 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0487266 .0288937 1.69 0.092 -.007904 .1053573 lgdp | .1592358 .0581854 2.74 0.006 .0451944 .2732771 lgdpau | .3596802 .3975998 0.90 0.366 -.4196011 1.138961lgdpdfrati~w | .3323762 .1795657 1.85 0.064 -.0195661 .6843186 lpopau | 2.783683 1.407214 1.98 0.048 .0255937 5.541771 lpop | .2374952 .080438 2.95 0.003 .0798396 .3951508 lxrate1 | -.0309269 .0159595 -1.94 0.053 -.0622069 .0003531 lremote | -.0051147 .1246599 -0.04 0.967 -.2494436 .2392141 ldist | -2.35553 .4127199 -5.71 0.000 -3.164447 -1.546614 lopen | .0596311 .0375777 1.59 0.113 -.0140198 .1332819 english | .8322515 .182216 4.57 0.000 .4751148 1.189388 white | 15.66167 1.197992 13.07 0.000 13.31365 18.00969 lwhitemg | -1.330842 .11106 -11.98 0.000 -1.548515 -1.113168 _cons | -40.40286 14.50512 -2.79 0.005 -68.83236 -11.97335------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000835 lgdp | -.000615 .003386 lgdpau | -.000563 -.000127 .158086lgdpdfrati~w | -.000684 .000779 -.000795 .032244 lpopau | .001729 .001734 -.530445 .015697 1.98025 lpop | -.000158 -.002605 .000493 .00063 -.00582 .00647 lxrate1 | .000048 .000085 .000165 .000515 -.002551 -.000091 .000255 lremote | .000844 .001985 -.007136 -.003109 .021412 -.001699 .000083 .01554 ldist | .002017 -.004152 -.009172 -.006933 -.003235 .009554 .000125 .014754 .170338 lopen | -.000021 -.000055 .000145 .000305 -.004147 .000532 -.00005 .000023 .000242 english | -.001185 -.000697 .002903 .002677 -.013063 .004503 .000153 -.004477 .007823 white | .003875 -.01617 .028872 -.00272 -.261159 .025338 .003464 -.005494 -.015515 lwhitemg | -.000462 .000894 -.002935 .00012 .025517 -.00192 -.000369 .000597 .002564 _cons | -.02805 -.035363 4.79918 -.205367 -19.051 -.036513 .034047 -.461685 -1.52855

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .001412 english | .000084 .033203 white | -.000405 .0414 1.43518

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lwhitemg | .000058 -.003518 -.130067 .012334 _cons | .056305 .044293 3.69072 -.361476 210.398

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 261.84Log likelihood = 115.22 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0151195 .0205888 0.73 0.463 -.0252339 .0554728 lgdp | .2866662 .0520615 5.51 0.000 .1846276 .3887048 lgdpau | -.2931006 .368264 -0.80 0.426 -1.014885 .4286835lgdpdfrati~w | -.1021542 .1475257 -0.69 0.489 -.3912992 .1869909 lpopau | 4.207637 1.330883 3.16 0.002 1.599155 6.816119 lpop | -.12967 .0622217 -2.08 0.037 -.2516224 -.0077177 lxrate1 | -.099282 .015577 -6.37 0.000 -.1298123 -.0687517 lremote | .3632857 .1338681 2.71 0.007 .1009089 .6256624 ldist | -1.360511 .2810491 -4.84 0.000 -1.911357 -.8096651 lopen | .0306312 .0295103 1.04 0.299 -.0272078 .0884702 english | .230797 .1717678 1.34 0.179 -.1058617 .5674558 white | 9.468854 2.040942 4.64 0.000 5.468681 13.46903 lwhitemg | -.8040032 .1952862 -4.12 0.000 -1.186757 -.4212493 _cons | -55.83515 13.90043 -4.02 0.000 -83.0795 -28.5908------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000424 lgdp | -.000413 .00271 lgdpau | .000184 -.000636 .135618lgdpdfrati~w | -.000457 .000488 -.006098 .021764 lpopau | -.002341 .004923 -.463847 .028121 1.77125 lpop | .000053 -.002302 -.000058 -.000136 -.001416 .003872 lxrate1 | 1.1e-06 -2.3e-07 .000531 .000501 -.004694 -.000115 .000243 lremote | .000415 .00187 -.008035 -.001537 .026027 -.001659 -.000073 .017921 ldist | .001854 -.001681 -.002372 -.001748 -.000345 .004323 -2.7e-06 .007263 .078989 lopen | -.000016 -.000022 .000112 .00018 -.001689 .000256 -.000027 .000092 -.000472 english | -.000392 -.001683 .000406 .000976 .018319 .003945 .000181 -.001982 .016211 white | .00307 -.016166 .017372 -.005179 -.145638 .015831 .001898 .000455 .017225 lwhitemg | -.000352 .001035 -.002105 .000485 .014579 -.001222 -.000138 .000622 -.002686 _cons | .019758 -.087327 4.24788 -.307906 -17.5318 -.011619 .064852 -.461823 -.791106

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .000871 english | -.00022 .029504 white | -.000568 .035515 4.16545 lwhitemg | .000083 -.003373 -.392094 .038137 _cons | .02582 -.482378 1.87773 -.168211 193.222

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 438.82Log likelihood = -661.2484 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1229874 .0468596 2.62 0.009 .0311443 .2148306 lgdp | .7794873 .1013047 7.69 0.000 .5809336 .9780409 lgdpau | -.4536759 .6519863 -0.70 0.487 -1.731546 .8241938lgdpdfrati~w | -.3430165 .2623841 -1.31 0.191 -.8572798 .1712468 lpopau | 3.413913 2.244745 1.52 0.128 -.9857061 7.813531 lpop | -.1787409 .1598579 -1.12 0.264 -.4920565 .1345747 lxrate1 | -.1461576 .0309643 -4.72 0.000 -.2068466 -.0854686 lremote | .0544995 .2318491 0.24 0.814 -.3999163 .5089153 ldist | -3.181056 .7149525 -4.45 0.000 -4.582337 -1.779774 lopen | .0214828 .0599635 0.36 0.720 -.0960435 .1390092 english | -.3947432 .4359723 -0.91 0.365 -1.249233 .459747 white | 20.46042 4.125051 4.96 0.000 12.37547 28.54537 lwhitemg | -1.808471 .3810641 -4.75 0.000 -2.555343 -1.061599 _cons | -26.65874 22.29506 -1.20 0.232 -70.35626 17.03878------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002196 lgdp | -.001843 .010263 lgdpau | .001619 -.001821 .425086lgdpdfrati~w | -.001655 .00294 -.011236 .068845 lpopau | -.009761 .003292 -1.41313 .055166 5.03888 lpop | -.000545 -.007722 -.001848 -.00126 -.010726 .025555 lxrate1 | .00014 .000465 .001682 .001189 -.009271 -.000861 .000959 lremote | .001175 .004222 -.020116 -.011001 .042756 -.004255 .000547 .053754 ldist | .007582 .011819 -.005799 -.002968 -.060152 .018186 .000068 .027985 .511157 lopen | .000409 -.000915 -.000942 .000015 -.008591 .001651 -.000205 .000453 .002488 english | -.004656 .002419 .00103 .005154 -.009395 .012963 .000765 -.003214 .119277 white | .005277 -.031423 .120229 .013122 -.373734 .067839 .005596 .030682 .238649 lwhitemg | -.000955 .001002 -.012838 -.00237 .041975 -.00481 -.000618 -.000494 -.035469 _cons | .079086 -.261274 12.5884 -.608925 -46.2146 -.138087 .101713 -.94415 -4.58772

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .003596 english | -.001275 .190072 white | .003614 .298141 17.016 lwhitemg | -.000243 -.03282 -1.54576 .14521 _cons | .135624 -1.26226 -.011078 .052793 497.07

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

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Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1216.59Log likelihood = -551.2079 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2154638 .0465033 4.63 0.000 .124319 .3066086 lgdp | .6154898 .0992135 6.20 0.000 .421035 .8099446 lgdpau | .7257159 .6102586 1.19 0.234 -.4703691 1.921801lgdpdfrati~w | -.0159857 .2676688 -0.06 0.952 -.540607 .5086355 lpopau | -3.273753 2.111411 -1.55 0.121 -7.412042 .8645364 lpop | .4442685 .1293144 3.44 0.001 .1908169 .69772 lxrate1 | -.0842908 .0280183 -3.01 0.003 -.1392056 -.0293759 lremote | -.1999598 .2168023 -0.92 0.356 -.6248845 .224965 ldist | -2.282736 .4425837 -5.16 0.000 -3.150184 -1.415288 lopen | -.0798044 .0702347 -1.14 0.256 -.2174619 .057853 english | 1.040698 .322186 3.23 0.001 .4092253 1.672171 white | 23.1244 3.165101 7.31 0.000 16.92092 29.32788 lwhitemg | -2.229221 .2797634 -7.97 0.000 -2.777547 -1.680895 _cons | 40.78896 20.34991 2.00 0.045 .9038626 80.67405------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002163 lgdp | -.001902 .009843 lgdpau | -.002158 .005146 .372416lgdpdfrati~w | -.001661 .0028 -.009159 .071647 lpopau | .00649 -.033403 -1.24586 .032929 4.45806 lpop | .000353 -.008227 -.003758 -.002209 .016298 .016722 lxrate1 | .000048 .000617 .00065 .001126 -.006112 -.000795 .000785 lremote | .000465 .003704 -.014547 -.015841 .030299 -.00292 .000528 .047003 ldist | .007933 -.003047 -.008916 -.002421 -.002478 .017115 .000328 .006282 .19588 lopen | .000236 -.000056 .000335 .001949 -.011781 .001256 -.000048 .001213 .001916 english | -.003312 .003151 .005723 .005574 -.023019 -.002135 .000676 -.007049 .058917 white | .006414 -.033543 .021433 -.009681 -.032302 .05791 .003349 .019376 .05375 lwhitemg | -.000921 .001178 -.00345 -.000534 .01197 -.004132 -.000345 .000568 -.009273 _cons | -.10249 .329686 11.07 -.237864 -41.0812 -.385834 .071414 -.615966 -1.89422

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .004933 english | -.001938 .103804 white | .004046 .005811 10.0179 lwhitemg | -.000462 .000884 -.870479 .078268 _cons | .139413 -.321664 -.929877 .021134 414.119

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1783.54Log likelihood = -759.5184 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0593486 .0333713 1.78 0.075 -.0060578 .1247551

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lgdp | 1.032388 .0970144 10.64 0.000 .8422436 1.222533 lgdpau | 1.120703 .72543 1.54 0.122 -.3011137 2.54252lgdpdfrati~w | -.0906636 .2821629 -0.32 0.748 -.6436928 .4623656 lpopau | 2.895149 2.526576 1.15 0.252 -2.05685 7.847147 lpop | -.5077852 .1412458 -3.60 0.000 -.7846219 -.2309485 lxrate1 | -.1542046 .0229127 -6.73 0.000 -.1991126 -.1092966 lremote | -.4799377 .1959038 -2.45 0.014 -.863902 -.0959734 ldist | -2.217732 .7084542 -3.13 0.002 -3.606277 -.8291873 lopen | -.0515162 .073395 -0.70 0.483 -.1953678 .0923353 english | .1792345 .3400139 0.53 0.598 -.4871806 .8456496 white | 28.30535 2.654037 10.67 0.000 23.10353 33.50717 lwhitemg | -2.640182 .2591309 -10.19 0.000 -3.148069 -2.132295 _cons | -64.6405 25.15308 -2.57 0.010 -113.9396 -15.34136------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001114 lgdp | -.001844 .009412 lgdpau | -.000207 .001242 .526249lgdpdfrati~w | -.002058 .004385 -.017212 .079616 lpopau | -.005947 -.011486 -1.75656 .060443 6.38359 lpop | .00168 -.011418 -.004066 -.004032 .029998 .01995 lxrate1 | .000041 .000348 .000425 .000866 -.009161 -.000725 .000525 lremote | .001268 .004279 -.018304 -.004389 .018932 -.00364 .000279 .038378 ldist | .005949 .014274 -.022012 -.002354 -.059929 .005598 .001124 .063622 .501907 lopen | .000326 -.000846 -.000588 .004783 -.007478 .001274 -.000324 .001236 .002688 english | -.000994 .00286 .001414 .002673 -.006423 .000691 .000934 .002515 .076954 white | .016355 -.056794 .0194 -.032357 -.317409 .071122 .008059 .034792 .084672 lwhitemg | -.001458 .003822 -.003438 .002324 .037953 -.005152 -.000783 -.002301 -.015367 _cons | .047929 -.044655 15.7556 -.596405 -59.6493 -.470063 .1279 -.81891 -4.2304

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005387 english | -.001714 .115609 white | -.006471 .207027 7.04391 lwhitemg | .000825 -.023046 -.677313 .067149 _cons | .10098 -.775723 3.70548 -.3684 632.678

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 519.88Log likelihood = -571.2451 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4009831 .0594714 6.74 0.000 .2844214 .5175448 lgdp | .2696268 .0995857 2.71 0.007 .0744424 .4648113 lgdpau | 1.085302 .7429422 1.46 0.144 -.3708377 2.541442lgdpdfrati~w | -.5462389 .3177159 -1.72 0.086 -1.168951 .0764728 lpopau | -4.722244 2.56637 -1.84 0.066 -9.752237 .3077487 lpop | .3653601 .1165551 3.13 0.002 .1369163 .5938038 lxrate1 | -.0855328 .0346498 -2.47 0.014 -.1534451 -.0176205 lremote | .0025211 .2293564 0.01 0.991 -.4470092 .4520513 ldist | -1.221709 .5891136 -2.07 0.038 -2.37635 -.0670676

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lopen | .096898 .0726679 1.33 0.182 -.0455286 .2393245 english | -.0828021 .2844655 -0.29 0.771 -.6403443 .4747401 white | 19.16253 2.103722 9.11 0.000 15.03931 23.28575 lwhitemg | -1.809189 .2003982 -9.03 0.000 -2.201963 -1.416416 _cons | 52.47285 24.31668 2.16 0.031 4.81304 100.1327------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003537 lgdp | -.003208 .009917 lgdpau | -.002343 .006519 .551963lgdpdfrati~w | -.002654 .005869 -.00951 .100943 lpopau | .005781 -.034804 -1.84588 .049561 6.58626 lpop | .000674 -.006683 -.004399 -.003674 .009251 .013585 lxrate1 | .000361 .000509 -.000224 .000778 -.003678 -.000855 .001201 lremote | .000404 .003054 -.009194 -.017537 -.001367 -.000248 .001585 .052604 ldist | .010684 .000344 -.005768 -.011425 -.072381 .010189 .000205 .036678 .347055 lopen | -.000319 .000707 .00222 .00006 -.023593 .001914 -.00018 .002314 .003767 english | -.003501 .007241 .006027 .001681 -.024289 -.001755 -.001459 .008478 .090634 white | .026443 -.038302 -.003414 -.074869 .10338 -6.6e-06 .000614 .11994 .194821 lwhitemg | -.002949 .002114 -.001482 .004696 .001047 .001161 -.000389 -.008642 -.028784 _cons | -.097735 .269605 16.223 -.472453 -59.6129 -.196195 .048055 -.60469 -2.50314

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .005281 english | -.000327 .080921 white | -.008936 .151962 4.42565 lwhitemg | .000846 -.017867 -.412603 .040159 _cons | .237444 -.819202 -3.81122 .324133 591.301

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist lopen engl> ish white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1499.15Log likelihood = -270.6867 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0073778 .0233527 0.32 0.752 -.0383927 .0531484 lgdp | .4472078 .0826983 5.41 0.000 .2851221 .6092934 lgdpau | -.3922868 .4947768 -0.79 0.428 -1.362032 .577458lgdpdfrati~w | .1783006 .2244338 0.79 0.427 -.2615815 .6181827 lpopau | 1.47342 1.706275 0.86 0.388 -1.870818 4.817657 lpop | -.2916101 .1196743 -2.44 0.015 -.5261675 -.0570528 lxrate1 | -.0396521 .0226873 -1.75 0.081 -.0841184 .0048141 lremote | .0055673 .1685623 0.03 0.974 -.3248087 .3359433 ldist | -4.193399 .522313 -8.03 0.000 -5.217114 -3.169685 lopen | .0059068 .0492977 0.12 0.905 -.0907148 .1025285 english | .0026944 .3000167 0.01 0.993 -.5853276 .5907164 white | 16.62227 2.510752 6.62 0.000 11.70129 21.54325 lwhitemg | -1.228448 .268783 -4.57 0.000 -1.755253 -.7016434 _cons | 21.62382 17.14821 1.26 0.207 -11.98606 55.2337------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

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| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremote ldist-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000545 lgdp | -.000687 .006839 lgdpau | .000242 -.002401 .244804lgdpdfrati~w | -.000831 .002539 -.009839 .050371 lpopau | -.001708 .001982 -.816525 .05273 2.91137 lpop | .000222 -.00646 .000139 -.000826 -.003431 .014322 lxrate1 | -.00003 .000173 .001359 .001001 -.006481 -.0005 .000515 lremote | .000092 .002313 -.017048 -.003035 .049479 -.00259 -.000067 .028413 ldist | .002192 .003188 -.010736 .000548 -.011782 .020108 -.000395 .012881 .272811 lopen | .000047 -.000165 -.002055 .001325 .001851 .000804 -.000014 .000045 .000765 english | -.001133 .000927 .001384 .00184 -.003799 .003601 .0006 .000279 .06 white | .004068 -.037791 .039849 -.014104 -.261608 .065529 .002012 .000982 .165433 lwhitemg | -.000448 .001614 -.00472 .000638 .031442 -.005194 -.000018 .002344 -.021051 _cons | .010672 -.069785 7.4274 -.691386 -27.2184 -.195717 .076965 -.754046 -2.65732

| lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------- lopen | .00243 english | .000162 .09001 white | -.000216 .116103 6.30387 lwhitemg | .000084 -.011964 -.66478 .072244 _cons | .006354 -.638668 1.48678 -.169777 294.061

closed on: 25 Jul 2006, 21:13:35----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------