Log 301 Advanced Logistics Management

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Overview

• Definition of “Logistics”

• Historical Examples of Military Logistics

• Principles of Logistics

• The Four Logistics Processes

MODULE 1

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KEY TERMS

• Supply Chain• Logistics• Responsiveness• Attainability• Simplicity• Flexibility• Economy

• Sustainability• Survivability• Procurement• Distribution• Sustainment• Disposition

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Key Terms

• Effective• Reliable• Maintainable• Supportable• Interoperable

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What is Logistics?

Let’s first examine a civilian definition—then one unique to the military

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Supply Chain

• Supply chain — The linked activities associated with providing materiel from a raw materiel stage to an end user as a finished product.

Customer

SupplierFactory Dealer

InformationFunds

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Business Definition“Logistics is that part of supply chain management

– . . .that plans, creates and monitors

– . . .the efficient, cost-effective flow– . . .and storage of goods, semi-finished items and

manufactured products

– . . .as well as related information between the

– point of origin and the point of consumption

– . . .in order to meet customers‘ requirements…”

(Source: Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, 2007)

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Logistics –A military perspective

“The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces.”

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OPERATION BARBAROSSA (WWII German Invasion of Russia)

ONE REASON FOR FAILURE: Germans forces could not be moved or maintained

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What are some of the differences between the military and a civilian company ?

Because of these differences, what else should the military definition of “logistics” include?

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Possible Answers

- Broader scope of mission (for example: military operates hospitals as well as vehicle maintenance)

- End goal is different – Measure “Readiness”, not profit

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Military Logistics“In its most comprehensive sense, those aspects

of military operations which deal with:

a. Design and development (procurement)b. Storagec. Movementd. Distribution e. Maintenancef. Disposition of materielg. Evacuation, and hospitalization of personnelh. Construction, maintenance, operation, of facilitiesi. procurement or furnishing of services . . . . ”

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Logistics provides the foundation of combat power and can be described as a bridge connecting a nation’s economy to its warfighting forces.

NATION’S ECONOMYMILITARY

FORCES

LOGISTICS

Implement

Units Personnel Supply Strategic Operational Tactical

MOVEMENT AND DEPLOYMENT EFFORTS SUSTAINMENT EFFORTS

Logistics.. at the national level . . .

Plan

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Logistics Impact on Military Operations in Afghanistan

“Sea-Van” - 20 foot container

How can coalition forces be resupplied?• Lack of Seaports• Mountainous terrain

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Logistics Solutions critical to Operations in Afghanistan

Kyber Pass

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Normandy – World War II Logistics critical to the invasion of Europe

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Supplying War – Normandy Beaches

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Dien Bien Phu French Logistics shortages led to defeat

“Good logistics alone can't win a war. Bad logistics alone can lose it.”

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Logistics effects in the Iran-Iraq War(Saddām's Qādisiyyah )

Iranian inability to resupply fighting forces decreased effectiveness and changed operational tactics.

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GROUP QUESTIONS

1. At the start, it appeared the Iraqi Air Force was no match for the Iranian Air Force. Over time why was Iran unable to use their air force to give them a big advantage in the conflict?

2. How were Iranian tactics changed due to the impact of logistics

3. How did logistics help…or hurt Iraq during this conflict?

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The following logistic principles are not a checklist, but a guide for analytical thinking and prudent planning:

PRINCIPLES OF LOGISTICS

Attainability

Responsiveness

SurvivabilitySustainability

Economy

Flexibility

Simplicity

Principles of Logistics

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• Responsiveness– Right support in the right place at the right time – Keystone of the logistic principles, for all else

becomes irrelevant if the logistic system cannot support the concept of operations of the supported commander

– EXAMPLE: Logistics Support to the Iranian Military was unresponsive during the Iraq-Iran war

Principles of Logistics

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Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami(RESPONSIVENESS)

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• Attainability– Ability to provide the minimum essential supplies

and services required to begin combat operations• EXAMPLE: Logistics Build-Up prior to landing on

Normandy beaches during WWII

Principles of Logistics

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• Simplicity– Avoidance of complexity and enhancement of

efficiency in both the planning and execution of logistic operations

• As the different models, types, and configurations of vehicles is increased, logistics becomes more complex and expensive

Principles of Logistics

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• Flexibility– Ability to adapt logistic structures and procedures

to changing situations, missions, and concepts of operations

• Logistics plans and operations must be flexible to achieve both responsiveness and economy

• The US efforts to provide logistics to units in Afghanistan are hampered by a lack of good roads making extensive airdrops necessary

Principles of Logistics

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• Economy– Provision of support at the least cost– EXAMPLE: It is important to return assets for

repair if it is more cost effective than simply throwing the asset away and purchasing a replacement.

Principles of Logistics

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• Sustainability– Ability to maintain and continue logistic

support to all users throughout the area of operations for the duration of the mission

• Considered the most difficult task because it entails resupplying the combat forces throughout the entire area of operations

• EXAMPLE: The French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu because they could not sustain their operations

Principles of Logistics

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• Survivability– Capacity of the organization to prevail in the face

of potential destruction • Must include a plan for defense of logistic installations

with provisions for reinforcement and fire support• EXAMPLE: The US is developing a northern supply

route into Afghanistan to avoid the dangers of convoying through Taliban controlled areas of Pakistan

Principles of Logistics

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Northern Distribution Route – Example of Survivability

Route 2

Route 1

Pakistan Route

Route 4

Route 3

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“Responsiveness” is the primary principle

The five “rights” - - - the simplest definition of “logistics”

• Supply the right product at the right place at the right time in the right condition for the right cost to the customer.

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CASE STUDIES

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Iran-Iraq War• Iran had problems

resupplying parts• Tanks requiring only

minor repair were abandoned

• Possessed tanks were poorly suited to operating conditions – created even more logistics requirements

CASE STUDY 1Principles of Logistics

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Iran-Iraq War

• Iraq seems carefully considered the logistic implications of a war with Iraq well before the fighting actually started.

• The Iraqis also did their best to maintain a logistic pipeline.

CASE STUDY 2

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NATO Operations in Afghanistan

Airdrop of Afghan Supplies– Not “economic”– Not “simple”

CASE STUDY 3

Why is this method an option?

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Military Logistics(Review)

“….. those aspects of military operations which deal with:a. Design and development (procurement)b. Storagec. Movementd. Distribution e. Maintenance f. Disposition of materielg. Evacuation, and hospitalization of personnelh. Construction, maintenance, operation, of facilitiesi. Procurement or furnishing of services . . . . ”

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The Four Logistics Processes

Logistics

Procurement

Disposition

Sustainment

Distribution

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Introduction to Procurement

• Affordable – Consider more than

purchase price

• Effective – Operates when and

where needed

• Reliable – How often is it ready vs.

broke?

• Maintainable – If broken how hard is it

to fix?

• Supportable – Required parts, support

equipment, training

• Interoperable – Will it work with other

systems?

Goal is to purchase systems that are:

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Purchase Cost vs. Operations and Support Cost

• Purchase Price: Approximately 22.8B IQD

• Operations and Support Cost Estimate: Approximately 1.1B IQD …each year

Mi-17E Helicopter

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Introduction to “Distribution” “Process of the logistics system to deliver the right

things to the right place and right time.” Key

Elements

•People•Material•Facilities•Transportatio

n Modes•Information

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What does “Distribution” contribute to the fight?

Logistics may not be as glamorous as operations….a slow moving convoy of trucks may not seem as exciting as a charging tank column…….

…….However, “Logistics” is an important and inseparable part of military operations. Distribution facilitates movement, fire and sustaining of the combat forces along time and space.

“ تصفق ال واحدة ”(One hand cannot clap) يد

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Introduction to “Sustainment”• “Provision of logistics required to maintain and

prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment.”

• Ensure the force is ready to fight; keep the force in the field (endurance)– Maintenance– Supply– Logistics Services

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Sustainment—Planning Factors• Level and duration• Capable of expansion• Surge• Deploy• Robustness

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Introduction to “Disposition”

The challenge—conserve the greatest amount of value for the Iraq Security Forces for items no longer required because of damage, wear out, or obsolescence

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Disposition—Options for Surplus Items

• Convert to other use• Store for future use• Sell to allied customers• Sell to general public• Scrap• “Demilitarization” Required in

some cases

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M110 Self Propelled Howitzer• Replaced by Modern Technology• Expensive to Operate• Gun barrels from retired M110s

used as outer casing for GBU-28• Sales to other countries

Example of Retired Weapon System

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Logistics –Review of Module 1• “The science of planning and carrying out the

movement and maintenance of forces.”

• Importance of logistics in military operations

• Principles of logistics

• Four logistics processes

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KEY TERMS

• Supply Chain• Logistics• Responsiveness• Attainability• Simplicity• Flexibility• Economy

• Sustainability• Survivability• Procurement• Distribution• Sustainment• Disposition

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Key Terms

• Effective• Reliable• Maintainable• Supportable• Interoperable

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