Locomotion

An organisms ability to move

Why do organisms move?

To obtain food

To find shelter

To move away from items that may disrupt homeostasis

To escape from predators

To find a mate

Tissues that aid in locomotion

Bones

Cartilage

Muscles

Tendons

Ligaments

Bones

Provides support and

protection

Produces blood within the

marrow

Work as levers to produce

movement

Are attached to muscles

Meet at a point called a joint

Joints (where bones meet)

Hinge: allows movement back and forth

– Elbow and knee

Ball and Socket: allows the widest range of

motion (circular motion)

– Shoulder and hip

Sliding: slight movement over other bones

– Vertebrae (back bones)

Joints Part II

Immovable: no motion (is fixed)

–Skull bones

Pivot: movement in a half circle

–Neck

Joint Examples

Cartilage

Provides support

Permits movement and bending

Provides flexibility of joints between bones

– Rib cage

Cushions against impact of bones

– Knees, vertebrae, elbows

Muscles

Cardiac

Smooth

Skeletal

Cardiac Muscle

Heart muscle

Striated (striped in appearance)

Involuntary (not under conscious

control)

Skeletal Muscle

Attached to the bones of the skeleton

Striated

Used in voluntary function (bicep and tricep)

– Flexors: moves part toward the body

– Extensors: moves part away from the body

Smooth Muscle

Found in the walls of several body organs and structures

Is not striated in appearance (visceral tissue)

Involuntary and is responsible for peristalsis and breathing

Ligaments and Tendons

Ligaments

– Elastic tissue

– Binds at least 2 bones together

Tendons

– Tough (non-elastic) tissue

– Binds muscle to bone

Summary

Advantages

Involved tissue

Types of joints

Muscles

Cartilage

Ligaments and Tendons