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Location-specific nutrient and crop
management in rice farming:
mobile phone and web-based
decision tools are bringing results of
research to farmers
FAO-World Bank meeting
Bangkok
15 May 2012
Roland J. Buresh
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
Rice in Asia is typically produced in
small landholdings
• Farming practices and
risks vary among
farmers and fields
• The best management
for high profit and high
yield differs among
fields
More than 10 years of research lead to site-
specific nutrient management (SSNM)
Partnerships after 10 years (1996-2005)
TNAU
GBPUAT
PDCSR PAU
BRRI
MAS SFRI
HUAF
CLRRI
ASISOV
ICRR
ICFORD
PhilRice
WVSU
NAU
YU HZAU
HAU
GAAS
ZU
CCAP
CAU
AFC
VAAS
ICATAD
ICALRD
Science is well
documented
Tools are available
for farmers
Farmers need quick and easy access to information
matching their specific field conditions and needs
Principles of SSNM were used to develop
printed guidelines
• Aimed to reach many
farmers fast
• Printed materials
struggle to transform
complex decision
making into simple
messages
• Nutrient Manager for Rice
provides rice farmers with
‘best-bet’ nutrient management
for their specific rice field
• Consistent with SSNM
principles and current science
• Available as web and mobile
phone applications
– Can update in real time
– Can monitor use
– Can link to other applications
and services
Developed computer-based decision tools
to provide rice with ‘precision’
management practices
www.irri.org/nmrice
How to access and use Nutrient Manager
Web GSM mobile phone Smartphone
Interactive Voice
Response
implementation box
Farmer calls
dedicated number
Smartphone
output
Web output Smartphone
and mobile:
Text output Available in Philippines and
Indonesia
Target yield gain with
Nutrient Manager
Current yield
of rice
grower
Yield attainable with
optimal nutrient
management
Yield gap
Target yield
with Nutrient
Manager
Nutrient Manager aims to increase profit of a
rice grower by USD 100 per hectare per season
Interactive Apps ---
providing management
guidelines
Nutrient Manager
Rice Manager
Rice Doctor
Variety and Seed
Selector
1. Invest wisely at start of season
- Nutrient Manager
- Rice Crop Manager
• Protect investment during season
- Rice Crop Doctor
Approach with web and mobile phone
applications:
provide ‘best-bet’ management practices to
match a farmer’s specific needs
Suite of compelling
services and financial
products
Microfinance Service
providers
Insurance
Marketing
Input providers
Connect farmers with relevant
agricultural science and services
Interactive Apps ---
providing management
guidelines
Nutrient Manager
Rice Manager
Rice Doctor
Variety and Seed
Selector
1. Invest wisely at start of season
- Nutrient Manager
- Rice Crop Manager
• Protect investment during
season
- Rice Crop Doctor
Product development
and testing
Research
Validation
Testing with
farmers
Consolidation
of knowledge
Example of Rice Crop Manager under
development
Name: Juan Dela Cruz Rice crops per year: Two Mobile number: 09171234567 Season: Dry Location: Bilar, Bohol, Region VII Water: Irrigated, tube well Variety: NSIC Rc 222 Direct seeded: 101-110 days seed-to-seed
*DAS – days after sowing
Target yield: 105-116 sacks at 50 kg/sack 4.8-5.3 t/ha (14% MC) Actual field area = 1 ha
AWD
Growth stage DAS* Management practice
1-3 Apply pre-emergence herbicide
1-20 Maintain soil flooding, less than 3 cm water
Early 12-16 Apply 3 bags 14-14-14
21-70 Practice AWD
22-27 Hand weeding
Active tillering 28-32 Apply 1 bag urea
Panicle initiation 43-47 Apply 1.5 bag urea
1) Use tool before
establishing crop
2) Provide personalized
best management to
overcome main
constraints
3) Focus on increased
income (profit)
Effect of sowing date on potential yield
of rice of two growth durations at two
locations in the Philippines
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
Intermediate
Short
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
Target fresh yield (t/ha) Duration (days)
Direct seeded
Tuguegarao, Cagayan
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
Intermediate
Short
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
90
100
110
120
130
140
Target fresh yield (t/ha) Duration (days)
Transplanted
Tuguegarao, Cagayan
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
Intermediate
Short
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
Target fresh yield (t/ha) Duration (days)
Direct seeded
Pototan, Iloilo
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
Intermediate
Short
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
Target fresh yield (t/ha) Duration (days)
Transplanted
Pototan, Iloilo
Average for 10 years
Use of seasonal climate information to
improve guidelines on crop management
Model on high-
end (cloud
based) server
Output
Input: Information
from farmer
Web GSM
mobile
phone
Smartphone
Printed
guidelines SMS Image on
Smartphone
Information on anticipated seasonal
climate can be used to:
• Estimate attainable yields and set
levels of inputs
• Select variety
• Adjust cropping
Key ingredients of approach
1. Provide information matching specific needs of an
individual through user-friendly Web and mobile
interfaces
• Directly acquire and
provide information
2. Enable interfacing with complementary services
3. Enhance abilities of ‘extension agents’ to get the right
information to the right person at the right time
• Collaborate in testing, translations, interfacing, refining, and
meeting needs of stakeholders
• Temperatures will increase
- More heat stress
- Rising sea water levels
• More frequent and severe climate extremes
- More floods
- More droughts
What about climate change?
Making rice climate-proof
drought
submergence
salinity
heat
October 1, 2010, Mymensingh district, Bangladesh
Swarna-Sub1
17 d submergence
Re-transplanted local varieties
Submergence tolerant varieties
Drought tolerant varieties
Six drought tolerant varieties
released during 2009-11
Yield advantage of 0.8-1.2 t/ha
under moderate to severe
drought, but with no penalty
under non-stress conditions
Sahbhagi dhan in India
Tarharra 1 in Nepal Sahod Ulan 1 in Philippines
IR74 –Pup1+ IR74 IR74-Pup1+ IR74-Pup1–
IRRI upland farm
DS 2012
–P fertilizer
Genes for nutrient deficiency and
problem soil
A C4 rice should increase rice yield, water
and nitrogen use efficiency by 30-50%.
No other evolutionary mechanism exists that
could be added to a C3 rice so as to deliver
that superior combination of benefits.
C3 Anatomy
Change
Biochem
Change
Fine
Tuning + + + = C4
15-20 years of research needed
C4 rice