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Most data references some kind of location whether it be a place name, address, postcode or some kind of coordinate. It is clear that location provides an important data integration hub on the linked data web. This talk discussed the challenges around constructing linked data for geographic and spatial information with particular emphasis given to the work done at Ordnance Survey. Examples of other geo-spatial linked data in the wild were given along with examples of applications built using them. Some discussion occurred on some of the services being built to get the most from geo-spatial linked data and the challenges we will face in the future.
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Location and Linked Data
Dr John Goodwin
Research Scientist
Ordnance Survey
The Problems with Place
Hampshire – A confusing place
Today:
• Hampshire = The (Administrative) County of Hampshire or
The (Vernacular) County(ies) of Hampshire.
• Wikipedia is confused!
Historically:
• Southamptonshire, Hamptonshire, County of Southampton
• with or without the Isle of Wight and Bournemouth
Opening UK Public Sector Information: Ordnance
Survey and Linked Data
• At the forefront of the geospatial linked data
web in Great Britain.
• Provide a well trusted source of location
data for the linked data web.
Ordnance Survey and Linked Data
Ordnance Survey Linked Data
http://data.ordn..co.uk/id/postcode/SO168BY
http://data.ordn...co.uk/id/7000000000037256
http://data.ordn...co.uk/id/7000000000041421
The City of Southampton
district
name
containedBy
South East England
name
http://education.data.gov.uk/id/school/1234
“Oasis Academy Lord's Hill”
name
type
edu:School
postcode
http://data.ord..co.uk/id/postcode/SO168BY
http://data.ordn...co.uk/id/7000000000037256
district
The City of Southampton
name
http://data.ordn...co.uk/id/7000000000041421
containedBy
Linked Data & Location In Action
Linked Data In Action: Mashups and Meshups
Traditional Mashup
Fast food vendors in the US
Linked data Meshup
Artists that were played on
specific BBC radio
programmes that come from a
specified place
osgb:700000000000018 db:Birminghamowl:sameAs
osgb:700000000000018 db:Birminghamowl:sameAs
db:Broadcast
db:homeTown
osgb:700000000000018 db:Birminghamowl:sameAs
db:Broadcast
db:homeTown
bbcmusic:aa..#artist
owl:sameAs
osgb:700000000000018 db:Birminghamowl:sameAs
db:Broadcast
db:homeTown
bbcmusic:aa..#artist
owl:sameAs
bbcprog:aap0..#track
foaf:maker
bbcprog:aap0..#segment
po:track
bbcprog:boo..#...
po:time
Key Message: Mashup versus Meshup
• URIs:
� Unambiguously identify a ‘thing’ – avoid name clashes
� Can be looked up to find data on said ‘thing’
� Through the web they provide a mechanism for linking to other
datasets via http
• Linked Data Format (RDF):
� A common, simple data model to be used on the web
� To the web of data what HTML is to the web of documents
Future Work
Linked Data API
• Developed by Jeni Tennison (TSO), Dave Reynolds
(Epimorphics) and Leigh Dodds (Talis)
• Not everyone wants to learn SPARQL
• Allows RESTful access to services built on top of linked
data resources, e.g.
http://os.services.tso.co.uk/geo/api/50k-gazetteer/city/Southampton
Data Enrichment
Spatial Predicates
At small – mid scale a lot can be done using qualitative spatial data, e.g.:
• equals
• touches
• disjoint
• contains
• containedBy
• partiallyOverlaps
Scaling Things Up
• integers
• dates
• strings
• etc…
• points
• lines
• polygons
• etc…
Future Work: Ordnance Survey
A More Vernacular Geography?
• “The General Populous are darned fools:
• They use geographical terms they can’t define.
• They mix up their attribute datasets.
• They can rarely put anything precisely on a map.”
Andy Evans (University of Leeds)
Examples
• The Highlands
• The Lake District
• Spaghetti Junction
• The City Centre, Downtown
• Southside (Glasgow)
• Southside (Edinburgh)
• Most Localities (e.g. Merchant City)
• The Stag Gates
• Foys Corner
© Copyright sylvia duckworth, Geograph
Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 © 2006 Blisco
Linking though place
Hampshire(Administrative)
Hampshire(Vernacular)
Hampshire(keeper of the concept)
Is a
representation of
Is a
representation ofIs historical
representation of
Is historical
representation of
Is historical
representation of
Evolves to
Evolves to
Evolves to
So why do we care?
• Need from emergency services and the like
• Web search needs to be improved
Conclusions
• Location is a key information hub on the linked data web
• Linked Data will open up new opportunities
Some URLs
• http://opendata.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/
• http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/
• http://openspace.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/
• http://opentoids.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/