LOCALITY DESIGNA TIONS

IN OLD COLLECTIONS

FROM THE SILURIAN OF GOTLAND

By

Valdar Jaanusson

1986 Department of Palaeozoo#ogy, Swedlah Muaeum of

Natural Hlatory, S·f 04 06 Stockholm.

LOCALITY DESIGNATIONS IN OLD COLLECTIONS FROM THE SILURIAN OF GOTLAND

Valdar Jaanusson

l

The Silurian bedrock is exposed on Gotland in hundreds or even

thousands of localities, ranging from high and extenst ve cliffs to

shallow temporary ditohes and patche s of bare rock on the surface. The smaller and ephemeral exposures are troportant in areas where outcrops are few. The problem has been to define and name localities in a consistent manner, to enable the same designat lon to be used for a particular locality by every scientist who collected fossils or samples.

On Gotland , collecting of fossils for scientific purposes goes back to Bromell (1738) and Linnaeus (1745), hut for many years "Gotland" was deemed satisfaotory as information for the source of the material. This is true for most collections m ade on Gotland during the first half of the nineteenth cent ury , for example the extensive rnaorofossil material brought home hy Gabriel Marklin (1777-1857) which is now

housed in the museum of the Departm ent of Palaeontology, Uppsala University. Nils Petter Angelin (1805-1876), Head of the Department of Palaeontology at Riksmuseum hetween 1864-1876, was also careless with regard to locality :i.nformation in his collections from Gotland. The situation improved when Gustaf Lindström (1829-1901) entered the scene. Lindström, a native of Gotland, was not only an outstanding collector of fossils since his early yo uth, hut he obviously acted as

a coordinator for much of the field work on Gotland, at least until

the GeologicaJ Survey of Sweden started mappi.ng the island in 1892. He was a resident of Gotland until his appointment as Head of the Department of Palaeozoology at R iksmuse um in 1876, and he became while still young the leading speci alist on the Si l u rian fauna of Gotland. Several people assisted Lindström in collecting, especial ly Anton Florin and Georg Liljevall.

At that time fossils from Gotland were collected mainly for palaeontological pu rposes . For this reason the localities preferred were those that yielded abundant, well-preser•ved material. In 1857, Friedrich Schmidt (1832-1908), then 25 years old, accompanied his three years older friend G. Lindström and E. Walmstedt on a collecting

tour of Got land , and his report of the trip ( Schmidt 1859) gives a fairly good concept of the collecting strategy. Only selected, richly fossiliferous localities were visited, but each major exposure was investigated for a considerable time, mostly three days. Schmidt, who had almos t completed the manuscript of his important paper on the Ordavieian and Sil urian stratigraphy of Estoni.a ( Schmidt 1858), and whose primary interest on this trip was stratigraphical, was dissatisfied with the lack of opportunity to examine palaeontologically less attractive but stratigraphically important outcrop areas.

Notes in G. Lind s tröm ' s pres erved pages of his field diar y reveal that his coverage of exposures which exi s ted at that time on Gotland was extensive and fairly detailed. However, the main collecting strategy which prevailed for a long time appears to have be e n similar to that recorde d by Schmidt. As a res ult , G. Lin d ström and his as s oc i a t es

asaembled an immense quantity of macrofos s ils, but the collections are cha racter i sed by emphasis on key localities, such as Norderst ran d, Kyrkberget ( Visby ) , Lansa, Alnäse, stormyr kanal, Lergravsberget, Klints klint, Bara backe , Tjelders , Västergarn, Djupvik (Ekst a parish), Mallgårds kl int, S tenbroå, Linde klint, Pe tesvik, Bursvik, Gannviken, stockvikens kan al, and Klev. Each locality was exploited for rnaorofoss ils over many years. The main localities near Lindström's home i n Fardhem parish, such a s Vi sne m yr kanal and Sandarve kulle, are represented by espe cia l ly voluminous m ateri al. The localities mentioned above are purpos e ly ones whose names differ from current usage or which are not listed in the index of Gotland localities (Laufe ld 1974). In addition, there are many old key localities whose designa tlon is still famil iar, such as Gnisvärd, Hal l shuk, Västös, Lutterhorn, Samsugns, Storugns , Bogeklint, Lerberget on Stora Karlsö, Gandarve (Dalhem parish), Fjäle, Gothem shammar , Lau backar (earlier also termed J..auberg ) , and Klint eberg. Such locali ties are not consi dered further in this pa per.

It is seldom realised that some expo s ure s which have been popular for coll ecting fossils are from a comparatively late date. This is especially the case with outcro ps in drainage ditches. The localities recorde d by Linds tröm (1885) for Gotland trilobites i nc lude only three drainage ditche s: Vestös kanal, St ormyr kanal ( Rute paris h) and Visne myr kanal; almost all other maj or ditch e xpos ure s are later. Lau kanal (Gann or 1-3) came into being by the deepening of Närså brook for dra inage of Sumpträs k in aroun d 1890. Linds tröm, for exam ple, never had the opportunity to visit thi s outcrop (Munthe 1902:229). Hörsne kanal, immediately south of Hörsne church ( Hörsne 1-6), was blasted into bedrock still late r, prohably around 1905. Mästermyr kanal is also fairly late becaus e o l d geologi ca l fi eld maps do not indicate any exposure s along that part of Snoderå.

In his important paper on the Silurian stratigraphy of Gotland , Hede

(1921) was criti cal of the use of old collections for s tratigraphical purpos es, and decided to rely only on his own mat erial. Old collections are in fact seldom suitable for detailed s tratigraphical or ec ologica l s tudies becaus e the mat erial was normally not collected for these purposes . The main importance of old col lection s is to provide an indispensable hase material for taxon ornie and morphological studies, not lea s t be cause these co llecti ons includ e material from outcrops which no l onger exist or where the rock is now poor-ly accessible for collecting macrofossils. Owing to the large sam ple size from many old key localities, the material also includes rare species.

The collections also enabl e the informat i on published in earller papers to be u pda t ed an d brought into accord with the current level of taxonornie precision . In explanations to various geological map-sheets of Gotland Hede published lists of fos s ils from a grea t number of localit ies. However, in the collections at �GU and elsewhere there appears to be surprisingly l i ttle material to do cument his identifications. Without do cument ati on the value of Hede's lists of fossils is l imited, because the modern taxonornie precision differs greatly from that of Hede's time.

Research into the Silurian sequence of Gotlan d intensified greatly from around 1955 and soon in dicated the need for a system of

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Fig .1. Parishes on Gotland.

unambigu ou s code names for localit i es . The first attempt in this direction was made by Martinsson (1962). A compreh ensive list of code names for localities was presented by Laufel d (1974), s ubsequently complemented by Larsson (1979) and others . The advantage of code names is not only that each exposure is given an " official" designation, hut also that it r e qu i res def i nition of the localities in terms of SNG and UTM grid references.

The int roduct ion of code names eaused some complicat:J.on s . In several cas e s the new designatlons differ from those which had been in long

and accustomed usage and which designate the locality for t hous ands of specimens in museum col l e ctions. Some of the di screpancie s, s uch as

Sandarve instead of San d arve kulle, Linde instead of Li nd e klint and

Hörsne i ns tead of Hörsne kanal, appear quite unnecessary because the lat ter, accustomed names define the location more pr ecisely than the

new code names. Moreover , experience shows that, in order to avoid misunderstanding, name s of parishes, such as Linde, Hörsne or Va llstena, should be used v ery r es trictively for locality designatlons

un less further specified.

In earlier collections from Gotland, both at Rik smus eum and SGU, the

locality name is a ccompanied by the name of the parish within which the locality is situated. Parishes ( Fig.1), as used for collections, are historical admlnistrative units with fixed boundaries which are

marked on geological and topogra phica l maps, and an advan tage of adding the i r name is to supply immediat e information as to roughly

where on Got land t h e locality is situat ed. In the l i st of reference

localities (Laufeld 1974 and others ) the distance of the locality from a church is normally given for purposes of orientat i on , but occasionally the ch urch referred to is from a neighbouring paris h. Thi s has alread y eaused misunderstandings. It would be advantageous if the practice of ad ding the name of the parish to that of the locality be continued.

The purpose of this paper is to explain a number of locality designatlons whi.ch appear on labels in old collections. Emphasis is put on exposures which have yielded appreciab l e coll ection s of

macrofossils. Many of the old locality names were u s ed in a broader sense than modern code names, wher e even roughly con ti nuous exposures

are commonly subdivid ed into seve ral separate localities (e.g., Alby 1-6 , Hörsne 1-6 and ,Juves 1-4). Moreover, 100-150 years ago the extent

of an expo sur e may have differed from that at the present time. For this reason, an exact comparison of many old localit:tes with t ho se defined in the lis ts of code names is d ifficult or even impossible. Additional pro blems arise in cases where the o ld designat lon was con s i st ently used in the sense of compos ite local i ty, for example for a group of quarries ( such as Bursvik or Gannviken ) or for long s t r e t ches of shore outcrops (such as Lansa, Djupvik or Pe tesvik ) . However , stratigraphical resolution 1.s more 1mportant than topographical, and in many such cases the former can be define d with acceptable preci si on . Problems arise particu larly with localities on the main north-eastern cliff of Gotland, where lack of stratigraphical

informatiOh decreas es the va lue of the mat erial a lthough the location

of the exposure may be d efined with high precision.

The sites of the key collecting localities on Got l and in last cent ury, as well as their customary d esignations, were apparently wel l known to contemporary co l lectors of fossils, hut this knowledge disappeared Success ively t hrough th e first half of the twen tieth century. The location of some important old localities, such as Lansa , Alnäse,

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Fig.2. A page from G. lindström's field diary of 1860.

Tjelders and Västergarn, was no longer known, and information on several other localities was vague. The main task for this paper was to find information which would enable the location of the old localities to be defined with some precision, preferably in terms of grid systems. Search for pertinent information in published sources disclosed some data. G. Lindström's field diary and manuscript notes proved useful for understandi ng the con ce pt of some old localities. The diary includes references to a field map but this could not be located. Unfortunately, G. Lindström preserved only selected pages of his diary; those dated are from 1852 and 1856-1860. G. Holm's field diary of 1898 also proved useful , and a few pertine nt references were round in field diaries of other geologists employed by SGU. G. Holm's field diarles of 1901-1905 should contain interesting information but these could not be located. Holm's field maps were an important source for the exact location of a number of localities.

Because of difficulties in transiating the information on old leeallties into modern terms, T suggest that these two sets of locality designatlons should not be integrated, except in cases where the two are probably the same. This impHes that a locality number should normally not he added to the old locality designations. Instead, i t would be useful to add the letter "G" (from Swedish gammal, meaning old ) after the name of the old locality in order to avoid-possible confusion between the old names and code names.

In the following list of old localities, modern Swedish spelling is used (e.g., Gannarve instead of Gannarfve and Vä stergarn instead of Westergarn) whereas Swedish texts are cited as they were written. The following abbreviations are used: CN, code name; CNL, locality with a

code name; SNG, Swedish National Grid System; UTM, Universal

Transverse Mercator Grid System.

LIST OF LOCALITIES

LOWER VISBY MARL

NORDERSTRAND, Visby. �o CN. The location of this shore exposure is shown by Hedström (1912, Pl.l; the outcrop at the shore 600-1000 m north-east of the northern town wall of Visby ) , and is, in fact, also recorde d on the geological map-sheet Aa 183 (Visby and Lummelunda). Grid reference: from SNG 639454 164902 (UTM CJ 3902 9326) to 639494 164923 (CJ 3928 9366). Hedström (1910:1464) described the general appearance of the outcrop. The locality has been covered and

inaccessible for many years. Previously Norderstrand was the most prolific locality for collecting fossils in the Lower Visby Marl. In places, at low water level, bedrock is still accesslble on the sea-floor just west of the former exposure s (C. Franzen-Bengtson, pers. comm.), hut rational collecting is hardly possibl e .

TALLUDDEN, Visby. Includes CNL Gustavsvik 1. For the former extent of th is exposure see Hedström (1912�-pf�ff:

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VISBY A. In 1861 Lindström distinguished three subdivisions in his Visby Group - in ascending order a, b and c. Those agree fairly closely with Hede's (1921) topostratigraphical units Lower Visby Marl ( :Visby a), Upper Visby Marl ( =Visby b) and Högklint Limestene (:Visby c) ( Hede 1958). The uni ts are accessible in countless places along the

main north-western cliff of Gotland, and the two lower units are fairly uniform, both lithologically and faunally, along the whole outcro p helt. In old collections at R iksmuseum the material from each of the three stratigraphical units is occasionally lumped together without a locality name. " Visby a" denotes consistently the Lower

Visby Marl.

UPPER VISBY MARL

S. OM KOPPARSVIK or, more exact ly , S. OM KOPPARSVIK, NEDRE BRANTEN; Vis by town and Västerhejde parish . The cliff along the shore from the southern end of Kopparsvik to Kneippbyn. The s ou thern part of the cliff is the popular locality for Upper Visby Marl that is currently called N. om Kneippbyn, nedre branten, or simply Kneippbyn (no CN;

includes locality 9 Knetppbyn,-Mori 1969). On previous editions of the topographical map-sheets the name Kneippbyn was not given, which is

probably why the location of the cliff was recorded with reference to Kopparsvik.

VISBY B. "Visby b" is Lindström's (1861) denomination for a stratigraphical unit which earresponds fairly closely to Upper Visby

Marl (see also Visby a). However, the material in Riksmuseum labelled Visby b occasionally includes species which are known to appear in the Högklint Limestone , and thus "Visby b" is not quite unambiguous stratigraphically. Even for modern collectors it is not always easy to distinguish between the uppermost Upper Visby Marl and the lowermost beds that yield a Högklint fauna.

HÖGKLINT LIMESTONE

KYRKBERGET, Visby. No CN. Cliff immediately behind (east of) Visby Cathedral. Grid reference: SNG 639350 164890 (UTM CJ 3884 9223).

KRIST KLINT, Hall parish. No CN. According to an tmdated manuscript

note by G. Lindström, Kristeklint is defined as "den låga väggen lttet s�der om Westöös Kanal".

LUMMELUNDA KANAL, Luminelunda parish. No CN . Stri.dsberg (1985:62, Kanalen) suggested that this des ignatlon may have referred to the far·m Kanalen and not the drainage ditch. In 1898, G. Holm visited the locality with A. Florin, and from notes in Holm 's field diary it is

quite clear that the denomination "Lummelunda kanal" referred to this particular ditch. The contemporary extent of exposures in the ditch is shown on Holm's field map. From Holm's notes lt is evident that exposures used for collecting were in Högklint Limestone, from the point where the main coast road erosses the ditch (SNG 165524 640480; UTM CK 4600 6344) to c. 500 m south- eas t . After a gap of about 300 m, bedrock in Tofta Limestene was exposed ir1 the di tch eastwards as far as the road leading to the farm Kanalen. No exposures were recorded east of the far�. Subsequently the ditch was deepened , and exposures

in the Tofta Limestene referred to by Hede (1940:35; CNL Kambs 1-3) are comparatively modern.

KULLSHAGE KANAL and HANGVAR KANAL, Hangvar par.f.sh. No CN. At the turn of the century there were s ubstantial exposures of Högkl:J.nt Limestene in three main drai.nage di t che s between Hangvar church and Kullshage village. The location of the exposures is shown on Holm's field map. In 1896, A. Florin made substanHal collections for Riksmuseum from

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that area. At that time, the exposures in at least two of the ditohes must have been fairly recent, because the topographical map-sheet

issued in 1890 shows only the easternmost ditch ("Kullshage kanal" ) . In 1898 G. Holm visited, together with A. Florin, the two eastern ditch exposures, and in 1902 he revisited the area.

The easternmos t dUch exposure appears conslstently to have been termed Kullshage kanal. The exposure 0.2 km farther south-west was referred to by G. Holm as Kana l SV om Kullshage, and in his diary he noted that "lokalen är af Florin -betecknad -i Rl.ksmuseum Hangvar kanal". The locality l.s notable for the abundance, in some beds, of Celticystis gotlandicus (Angelin) ( Bockelie 1979), a fact recorded aiso in HÖlm's diary (although he believed the echinoderm to represent an echinoid ) . The western exposure, 0.6 km south-east of Lunds farm, was referred to by G. Holm as Hangvar kanal nedan Lunds, and its western part as Hangvar kanal vöm.Lund.--.::<lb"ro. -Ä�--Florin' s locali ty Hangvar kanal Cassle--represe-nts -the-same- di te h exposure. Lunds farm belongs- to Kässle village' and H is i.nterestlng to note that on some labels G . Holm had originally written "Hangvar kanal nedan Kassle" but then erossed over "Kassle" and writt.en "Lunds". In and near Kassle village there were no other drainage d1tches at that time. All three loca lities are marked on the geological map-sheet Aa 171 (Kappelshamn). Thus, there were three main exposures in that part of Hangvar parish:

( 1) Kullshage kanal A. The ditch exposures extended about 50 m south and some 100-mnörth-of the :i.ntersection of the ditch and the road from Kullshage to the south (SNG 167399 6111640; UTM CK 6560 1315). (2) Kullshage kanal B (Holm's Kanal SV om Kullshage; Florin 's Hangvar kanäi"J.Theexposures irl the di tchextended about 50 m east and 100 mwest of the intersection of the di tch and the road southwards fr·om Kullshage ( SNG 16 7390 6Jn 619; UTM CK 651�8 1294). (3) Hangvar kanal (Holm's Hangvar kanal nedan Lunds; Florin's Hangvar kanäf-:-cässle). Frmn-the-po1_nt-where-tl1er:;-oad from Kass le southwards erosses the ditch (SNG 167306 641615; UTM CK 6465 1297), the ditch exposure extended some 200 m north-east and 150 m south-west.

SLITE BEDS

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LANSA, Fårö. Includes CNL stutsviken 1. In his field diary (July 5, 1860), G. Lindström describedtiie·T-ocality "Lansa vid Hallagrund" in some detail. The locality begins in the north-west as a low cliff, 1-2 m high, at the shore (SNG 169225 642690), illustrated in sectlon in the diary ( Fig.2). "Försteryingarna härstamma från ett lågt liggande

tunnbandadt lager blå kalk. Söderut emellan f iskl äget och Hallagrund ligger en hvitgrå hård kalk" (SNG 642679 169.?.46) "med fragmenter af koraller, samt Tryblidium. Äfven den släta Spi.rigerina, sannolikt yngre än Lansa strandens brachiopodrika kalk. Straxt bredvid finnes en flisig kalk fylld med försteningar Cepha1opoder, Lamellibranchier (5 arter), Calym. Blumenbachii, Lichas, Bumastus, Proetus, Leperditia, Crinoideer". The locality des:I.gnated as Lansa thus comprised "limestone and shale beds along the shore" ( Lindström 188lt: 10) which extend NW-SE from the cliff 250 m south-east of the tip of Hallagrund almost to Lansa Fiskläge. It 1.ncluded CNL stutsviken 1. The full name of the locality was probably "Lansa fiskläge" or " Lansa sjöbodar", for convenience shortened to "Lansa". Hedström (1923) referred to the locality consistently as "Lansa sea-shore sheds", that is, fisbing huts of Lansa village at the shore.

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Last century, the locality Lansa was one of the favou red exposures for coll ecting rnaorofossils on Gotland. It is the type locality for several trilobite and brachiopod species. The sequence belongs to the Slite Beds (member c), except in p laces where the underlying topmost Högklint Beds are exposed close to sea-level. The possibility that collections from Lansa may include some material from Högklint Limestona should therefore be kept in mind.

G. Lindström (undated ms) recorded that "l skogen, ofvan stranden stenbrott med fingrynig kalksten, stromatoporaknölar, el jest inga synnerliga försteningar". Specimen s fromthese closely spaced quarries (including CNL Lansa 1) were also labelled as coming from Lansa, but the lithology of the rock (Slite Beds, member e) is so differ.ent that this material can be distinguished easily from that collected along the shore.

ALNÄSE, Fårö. No CN. The compos:i.Uon and preservation of the material in Riksmuseum from "Alnä.se" indlcates that this old locality designatlon referred to a specific locality in the Rhipidium tenuistriatum beds and not to some poorly defined area adjacent to Alnä�tr-is� In the field diary of July 5, 1860, G. Lindström recorded that "norr om Frigårds i grannskapet af Alnäse träsk i en myrlik äng ej långt från landsvägen anträffas Pentamerus Verneuili i lösa jorden, jemte åtskilliga koraller Cyathophyllum, etc. samt Spir•if. cyrtaena". P. verneuili was subsequently (Lindström 1861: 365) referred to as---.rp:-TenuTsfriatus Walmstedt in Mss.", with Alnäse as the only locality._recorded-from Fårö. The direction "norr om Frigårdsn must be incorrect because it is incompatib1e with the location "ej långt från landsvägen". Also in some other placesin his diary G. Lindström demonstrably confused north and east on Fårö. For example, the location of Lansa shore exposures was g:i.ven as north of Hallagrund, but that direction points to the sea (it should have been east or, more exactly, south-east of Hallagrund).

In his field diary of August 20, 1882, N.O. Holst listed, based on information from Ludvig Fegraeus, "botten af en liten myr norr om St. Hoborg" as an important locality for collecting fossils on Gotland .

This must be the same place reported by G . Lindström, and again the direction "norr om" is questionable. It should be noted that all other plac es listed by Holst are well-known key localities.

A more detailed description of this somewhat unusual locality is found in A. Hjalmar Olsson's field diary of 1 914. On July 31, A.H. Olsson visited, together with G . Liljevall, "Pentamerus-förekomsten O om S:a ändan af Alnäs träsk", and made the following observations: "0.7 km Ö om Båta. Odlad myr med 0.2-0.6 m nytorf. I södra kanten af myren förekomma rikligt med stora och små Pentamerus . Hällen närmast myren på S:a sidan består af en fragmentkalkartad kalk, med pall i myrkonturen på c:a 0.25 m. Det är i undre delen däraf Pent. förekommer". The small bog referred to is marked on the geological map-sheet Aa 180 (Fårö); its southern end is at SNG 642860 170035 (UTM CK 9275 2330). As recorded by Lindström, the lo ca l ity is situated "not far from the mat n ro ad " •

The old local:f.ty Alnäse has ytelded hundreds of articulated specimens of Rhipidium tenu:!.striatum and many other fossils to various museums:-::'3pec:fmens"fnRikS-museum collected by G. Liljeval l from the same locality are labelled as coming from "Liten myr OSO om Båta".

LE RGRAVSB ERGET , Rute par i sh . Inc l udes CNL Pu�tarsj�u�1-2 and the loca l i ty 4 1 -Lergravsviken of Mori ( 1 96 9 ) .

STOR MY R KANAL or KANALEN FRAN STORMYR , Rut e parish . CNL Al by_!_::�.

KLINTS or KLINTS KLINT , Othem pari sh . CNL Spil l i ngs 1 - 2 , It shoul d b e observed tha t t h i s i s a q u i t e d i ff e rent local i ty from CNL Klint s k l i nt 1 in Gamme lgarn par i sh .

KANAL N OM TJELDE RS , Boge par i sh . CNL V i ke 1 .

TJELDE RS , Boge pa ri sh . No CN . Schmi dt ( 1 8 5 9 : 4 3 4 ) d e scribed the

expos ure as follows : "In der Nähe de s Hofe s Tjelder , l inks am Wege " ( a s he a pproache d the loca l i ty f rom the south , th i s means wes t of the road ) " au f e twa 3 0 Schri t t Ausdehnung / s teht / e i ne 1 0 Fus s hohe Ent bl össung aus f e s t em , grauem Kalk , m i t un tergeo rdne t.en

Merge l s ch i chten an " . It i s evi de nt tha t Schm idt wa s descri bing the inland cliff at Norrgårda , somewha t north of T j ä l de r ( SNG 6 39383 1 67652 ; UTM CJ 6 6 3 8 904 6 ) . The loca l i ty T j e l de r s in van Hoepen ( 1 9 1 0 : 7 9 ) refers to the same place . The e xpos ure was d e s c r i bed by Hede ( 1 928 : 30 ) who a l so ga ve a short l i s t of fos s i l s . Hede cal led the hl l l Spinn bj ersbacke , bu t on t he modern t opogra ph l ca l map- shee t thi s name refers to an other hil l , 2 km we s t of T j ä l der .

The amoun t of mat eri al in Riksmuseum ind i ca tes tha t "Tjel ders " was former ly amon g the mos t popu l ar l oca l i t i e s for collecting macrofos s i l s . The co llec t i on s include a f ew s pe c :I.mens of Pentamerus got land icus . The name T j e l de r sholm is not on earl i e r e d i t ion s oflrhe topogra ph ica l map - shee t ( eve n Hede 1 92 8 does not use t he name ) , and th i s eaused pro b l ems in naming the s hore expos ure ( CNL Tjeldersholm 1 ) . It i s pro bable t ha t Lind s t röm ' s locali t y " sb�anden i Boge" or " the shore of Boge " refers to T j e lde rsholm .

HEJNUM KALKBROTT or BJERS I HEJNUM , Hejnum pari sh . No CN . In h i s f i e l d d i ary of 1 89 8 , G . Holm de s cr i be d t h e loca l i ty i n some de tai l . " ! skogen på backsluttni- ngen Ö om Bjers här och der små gamla s tenbrott grupperad e omkring en gammal ka lkugn . Hård hvi tbrun tätare e l ler

kris ta l l inisk ka lk . c ) . De högsta lagren bi l dar inåt s tora hällflak . Hård , t ä t . b . ) De me llersta l agren s t raxt nedom ka lkugnen innehålla fos s i l Cepha lop . , Trimerella , Mega lomus , Gas t e ro pode r . Ka lken något rödaktig , stundom kri s ta l l i n i s k . Den p�mtnner om Cepha lopodkal ken vid Skrubba . I R iksmuseum mycke t från detta l ager s änd t af Florin tmder loka l " Hejnum ka lkbro t t " . a ) Med e lkornig brunhvi t ka lk bryte s , nu inga andra fos s i l än S tromat o pora sågos i öf vers t a l agre t " . The group of quarri es men t i oned by Holm i s not marked on the geologi ca l map- shee t Aa 1 69 ( Slite ) . The pos i t i on of Holm ' s reference nomber ( 1 0 1 ) for the loca l i ty on his f i e l d map ind i ca tes a place 6 00-700 m di rec t ly ea s t of the main road from Tings täde to Bä l , oppos i te the name of the vi l lage "Bjers " on the geo logi ca l map-sheet . Thi s :!. s obvtous ly the loca l i ty " Bjers i He jnum" recorded by Lindström ( i 89 0 : 5 ) a s one of the leeallties part i cu larly ri ch i n cepha l opod s .

VALLSTENA KANAL , Va lls tena parish . CNL Val l stena 1 -2 .

BARA BACKE , Hörsne pari sh . No CN . Thi s we l l -kn own loca l i ty ( Lind s tröm 1 86 1 : 353 ; Hede 1928 : 3 3 , with a H st of fossi l s ) i s a prominent hi l l ( Munthe e t al . 1 928 , fig . 5 ) formed by Slite reef l imes tene ( SNG

l O

6387 90 166 7 52 ; UTM C J 56 96 8522 ) . The quarry CNL Bara 1 , type loca l i ty of the Bara Oo l i te , presurned to form the base of the Ra l l a be d s , i s at the foo t of the bi l l to the south .

MYRSJÖ KANAL , Stenkuml a pa r i s h . Inc ludes CNL Myr se 1 . Accord i ng to G. Ho lm ' s f i e l d map the expos ure in the drai nage di tch e x t ende d 1 5 0 m north an d 50 m south of the road .

ROMA KANAL , Roma pa ri sh . No CN . The d i t c h for d r a i nage of stormyr was

bla s t e d into t he bed rock a bout 1 km south of the ruins of Roma mon as tery ( SNG 6 3 7885 1 6 5926 ; UTM CJ 3266 h. 2 85 ) , e xpo s i ng beds wi th Pentamerus got l an d i cu s . Hede ( 1 927a : 2 9 ) referred t o the loca l ity a s " kana len 375 m ONÖ om--

Rorna j ärnväg ss ta t i on " . The l oca t i on of the

exposure is shown on the geo l og i ca l map- shee t Aa 1 60 ( K l intehamn ) .

ATLINGBO KANAL , At lingbo par i sh . No CN . Pre v i ous ly the d ra inage d i t ch

1 . 5 km south-we s t of Atlingbo church wa s on e of the be s t exposures of bed s wi th Pentamerus go t lan d i cu s . From the poi n t where the sma l l

road runn i ng northwe s twards at LUla A t l ings eros s es the d i tch ( SNG 6 3 7 5 06 1 65 3 54 ; UTM CJ 4802 76 84 ) , the exposure e x te nde d about 1 5 0 m to both north-ea s t an d south-we s t . There were a l so some sma l ler exposures

farthe r s outh-we s t in t he di tch . Hed e ( 1 927a : 29 ) referred t o the loca l i ty as " kana len re sp . 900 m SSV , 600 m SSV och 525 m SSO om L . - A t l i ng s ( n orra ) i A t lingbo " . The extent of the e xposures in the d i tch i s shown on geo l og i ca l ma p - shee t Aa 1 60 ( K l intehamn ) .

VÄSTE RGARN , San d a pari sh . CNL Va l by t t e 4 . I t was kn own tha t G . Lind s t röm and h i s con t empora r i es ri!,l.:s"f -have used t he de s i gn a t i. on

" We s tergarn " not for the parish bu t , un l e s s f o l l owed by further spec i f i ca t i on s , as a de si gna t l on for a spe c ifi c expos ure , or possi bly

several ad jacent exposures , s i t ua t ed a t t he shore . Lind s tröm ( 1 88 1t : 9 ) de s cr ibed the loca l i ty a s " low shale bed s uneovered a l ong the shore line , ri ch in f os s i l s n . In h i s man u scri pt notes he a l so con s i s t en t l y referred to "Westergarn " a s a shore expos ure . However , Llnds tröm d i d not gi ve any hint of the l oca t i on , pro bab l y because thi s w a s regarded gene ral l y known . The mat er i a l col lected f rom the sof t S l i te marl a t " Wes tergarn " i s voluminous , i n d i ca t i ng tha t t h e ou tcro p mus t have been s ubs t an t ia l . Lind s tröm ( 1 882 ) d i s cu s sed the compos i t i on of the f a una and pro vi ded a l i s t of species ; the ma teri a l upon whi ch the l i s t i s based i s i n R i k smuse um co l lect i on s . The problem was tha t i n Väs tergarn pari s h no shore exposure i s kn own . Mo reover , e xpe r i ence wi th other shore e xpos ures on Got land i nd i ca t e s tba t such an e xposure could

hardly have d i sappea red without t race .

In 189 8 , G . Ho lm e xaro ined the coa s t be twee n D jupvik an d Gni svärd in

some de t a i l and d i d not record an y shore e xposure on the rna i nland of Väs te rgarn par ish . Howeve r , he re po rt ed tha t " Något S . om Val bytte Fiskläge ( v i d s ödra ändan af Vest ergarns by ) s t ran dh ä l l ar af

merge l skiffer med t unn a ka lkskikt . Merge l n bl ågr ön , f in . Som de t nu var högvat t en kund e endast något en da t unn t ka lkskikt s e s i va t t enbryne t men v i d l äg re va t t en lära s t örre h ä l l ar vara blot tade " . It s hou l d be noted tha t the pos i ti on of the locality make s reference to Väs tergarn v i l l age , and this exp l a i n s the con cept of Linds tröm ' s " Westerga rn " . Väs t e rgarn v i l lage e x tende d southwards a l on g the ma in

road to K l int ehamn acro ss the bound ary be tween Vä s t erga rn and Sanda par i she s , and con t inued 75 0 m inte the l a t ter . The shore e xpos ure de s cr i bed by Holm began oppos i te the sou thern end of the vi l lage and con t inue d , according to Holm ' s fie ld map , 600 m southwar d s . The l oca l i ty was narned af ter V ä s t erga rn vil lage but i s in Sanda pa r i sh . The shore expos ure i s s t i l1 there and may not d iffer much from Lind s t r öm ' s t ime . It wa s re corde d as CNL Va l byt t e 4 ( Ramsköld 1 98 3 : 1 77 ) . The mar l is be s t expos ed , mos tly at the s t ran d - l ine , a l on g about 2 0 0 m , some 300 m f rom the northern e n d o f t h e out cro p a s marked

1 1

on Holm ' s map southwards .

VÄSTEBGARNS UTHOLME , Västerga rn pari sh . Utholmen :!. s a sma ll island 3

km we s t of Västergarn church . Lindströro ' s coU ection ln R iksmuseum inc lude s spec imens wt th this local i ty designa t i on , derived from a soft Slite marl similar to tha t from his locaJ. j ty Väst erga rn . There are also some spec imens wi th labels wri tten by N . P . Ange l in . In his fie l d diary o f 1 9 1 5 ( Aug . 1 5 ) , Henri k Mun the provi ded a short de scri ption of the bed rock of the i s l and . "Holmen , hvars " k ärn a " tydligt v i s utgöres af märglig kalksten - denna anstår med all sannol ikhet s t rax utanför st randen å öns W : a , SW : a , S : a och SÖ : a de lar , t.y d är strandgruset bestående öfvervägande af' denna bergar t " . Thu�> the fos s i l s were probably col lec ted from shingle on the bea c h der-i ved from seafloor exposures of the marl . It is pos s i. b l e tha t at e x t r eme l ow water leve l s the marl became expos ed at t h e tJ tr•and-line r.ll ong the southern an d south-western shore of the t s l and .

KANALEN SO OM KLINTEHAMN , K ltnte par i sh . r�o CN . Ar·ound the t. uPn of the

ce ntury , the brook whi.ch run s through Robb.Fi n ::>: kv a l' n ( a l so ca l led Kl int e kvarn ) wa s dee pened , and bf.!t.ween the m i 11 ( nr· CNL Robbjäns kvarn l ) and the ma in road from Kl .i ntehamn t.o Kli nte church in places cut down into S l i te marl . The looal :l. t.y compr·i sed t.he dJ tch from the poi nt where i t makes a sharp turn towr:t t'ds south-ea s t ( SNG 1 64 1.f ll2 636429 ; UT M CJ 32 1 4 6 3!1 4 ) t o a point abou t: 300 m farther sout.h-ea s t . The di tch exposure i s mar-ked on Holm ' s f h d d ma p i n R :i.ksmusenm ( loca li ty 1 020) and on the geol ogi. ca l map- sh(�et Aa 1 80 ( Kl i ntehamn ) . The local.ity has yi elde d Pen tamerus got.l an d i cu;; , a n d Hede ( 1 927a : ?9 ) referred t o i t A- s "kanale.n 70Ö-m·-ssö-omRTinC��hamns j r.i.rnvägss tat ion " . The expos ures J n the d i t. ch are overgrowu , and prac t t ca l l y no rock i s now access ible f o r col l ec t i ng .

DJUPV IK NimANFÖR STENSTUGU , Fröj e l and KHnte pat· i shes . No CN . Lind s tröm ( 1 86 1 : 34 3 ) reported t.ha t " v l d Djupv i ken nedanför

1 2

Stenstugu i Frö,j e J an träffas fos s Jl :i. f:l r i "R"ti5r;r:·e-··i1ltingd . . • I öfverv�ände mängd f örefi nnas här Spirig . compressa ? hvi l ken .1 emte Cyathaxon ia si luriensls ger· lokalenS:fn -ka.r7äkfc-l" "·:··-In an undated liiäiii.iScriptG.-Cindström notHd tha l. " Al lra Jnn€-:Ps t. i Fr•ö,)els Djupvik ligger spårstenslagre t med gra ptoli tsld.ffer ( Monogr·aptus Ludens i s ) . Mergelskifferns och s pårsan ds tenens karakterer oiro blandade nära nog i samma stuffer " . On h i s field map , G . Holm mal" ke d a shore exposure from the north-western shore of Juv :i.k ( o: D.jupvi. k ) t o a point c . 600 m nort h in Kl in t e par :i. sh . The rock was eha ra e t ,.?r i s t"!d i'lS "tunna sk.i. kt af mergl ig knölig ka lk" . The e xa c t, locat i on of Lin d s tröm • s loc�al i ty " ne d anf ör Stenstugu " is diff1. cu l t to de ter1ni .ne , hut i t may have comprised the southern part of the shor•e e xpos ur· e :in S l i te marl recorde d by Holm . The compos i t i on of the fauna ind i cates beds comparable to those exposed immed ia t e l y he l ow the Sli te s i l ts t.one at CNL Svarvare 1 , where G l���::�<: i s a l so common .

GANNA RVESKÄ R , Kl inte pari sh . No previous CN . Lindst r-i:5m ( 1 86 1 : 3ll 3 ) described the loca l i ty as follows : "Vid vikens " ( =Gannarvev iken ) " södra strand uppt rnder på en utskj utan de lan d tunga , ka l lad Skäret , en sandha l ti.g kalkski ffer med fl era egendoml iga f örs teningar" . In -the description of fos s i l s the loca l ity is called " Skäret nedanför Ganna rfve i Fröje1 " . The sma ll peni.ns u l a i s shown on Lind str&n ' s ( 1 86 1 : Pl . 1 4 ) map . On labe l s the l ocal i ty :i. s a lmos t invarlably writ ten as Gannarfve sk8 r (misspe l t as " Gannar'f' l es ka r " by Bassett & Cooks 1 97 4 : 2 8 ) . Although common l y refer·red to a s be l ong:l. ng to FPöjel pa ri sh , the peninsula i s i n fac t s i tuated wi t h in an enelave of the K l inte pari sh . Gannarve skär i s the t.ype J.oca l i ty of P��agi.orh�:.C}2.C:. �C:rda t�

( Linds t r öm , 1 861 ) and S treptochone t es c ingu l at us ( Lind s t röm , 186 1 ) . Rece n t examina t i on of the area -by-L . Ramsköld revea led tha t t he l oca l i ty s t i l l exi s t s , and i t i s def ine d by h im here as CL Ganna rve skär 1 •

1 3

GANNA RVESKÄR 1 ( new CN ) , K l inte parish . SNG 6 3 6 1 00 1 6� 2 3 5 ( UTM C J 2982 603� ) . Low cl iff see t i an a l on g the we s t ern shore of Skäret . The l oca l i ty inc l udes the e xpos ure o f S l i te s i l ts tone f rom the north-we s tern t l p of the pe n i n s u l a to a point 1 00 m SSW .

VÄRSÄNDE , Kl inte pari sh ( Lindström ' s co l l ec t i on ) . CNL Mu l de 1 . In his man us cri pt not e s ( undated ) G . Lind s t r öm gave the fol l owing informat i on . n Vi d Värs ände s t ran dvägen s utmynni ng i s tora lands v ägen t i l l Kl intehamn l i gger f1 i s i g ka lksten med försteni ngar af samma s lag som vid Skäret i Fröj e l : Atrypa corda ta i be tyd ande mas s or , men klämd och t ryckt , Chon e t e s cingu lat a . Lagren s t un dom san d s tensart ade . På soml iga ytor långa , sma la spåraftryck'' . The l oca t i on of the e xpos u re i s the same as CNL Mu lde 1 .

MULDE MARL

GANNA RVESKÄR 2 ( new CN ) , K l in t e pari s h . SNG 6 35980 1 64265 (UTM CJ 2980 6013) . Sma ll expos ure o f argil laceous l imes t en e at the s tran d -l ine of

the small bigh t which faces south-we s t on the wes tern s i de of Skäret , 1 00 m south of Gann arve skär 1 . The limes tene appears to belong to ba s a l bed s of the s e quence overlying S l i te s i l t s tone , but i ts topos t ra t igra ph i ca l c l as s i f i ca t i on requ i res f urther s tudy .

The e xpos ure i s intere s t i ng for a part i cu lar rea s on . In the o l d co ll ec t i on s at R iksmuseum there a r e numero u s s pe c imens of a d i s t i nc t i ve , l arge s phaeriorhynchi i d brachiopod . Mos t of the material ha s no l oca l i ty informa t i on other than Got l and , but s ome i s labe l l ed a s coming from Gann arfveudde . The labe l s were written by N . P . Ange lin , an d the s pecfinens were apparen t ly , in pa rt a t l ea s t , co l l ec ted by him . Und s tröm ( 1 86 1 ) d i d n ot record the species , an d hi. s co l l ec ti on s lack this brach iopod . The provenance of thi s unusua l form wa s s omet hing of a mys t ery un t i l , i n 1 985 , L . Ramsköld red i s covered the expos ure and found it to con t a i n the s pe c i e s . It i s pos sibl e tha t former ly the e xpos ure wa s more extens i ve , a t lea s t t emporari l y .

DJUPVIK , Eksta pa r i sh . Inc l ude s CNL Blåhä l l � and D j u��ik 1 -2 . Accord i ng to L i nd s tröm ( 1 8 8� : 9 ) " there i s a l ong s t r e t ch of the coa s t compri s ed under t h i s den ominat i on from the nort hern shore of Skäret in Fröj e l to the shor�e south of Djupvik , be ing of a lmos t t h e same soft ,

b lue sha l e wi th a l arge number of fos s i l s of a l l orders . It i s interrupted by the pecu l i ar " ca l careous sha l e " ( ka lkstensskiffer HISINGER) whi ch , intermingled wi th san dy s lates occu p i e s the shore

a round Skäre t and con t a i ns a grea t number of cur i ou s trac ks , be s i des foss i l s of a fauna d i s t i nc t from tha t of the ne ighbouring sho res " . Accord ing to thi s de s cri pt ion the " 1ocal i ty" Dj upvik i s defined very broad ly , compri s i ng not on ly Djupv i k in the a ccus tomed s ense but also the bay wh ich on ea rlier ed i t ion s of t opogra ph i c a l maps was s pe l led Juv i k or Jauvik ( the se names are d i fferen t s pe l l ings of the same name which mean s " dee p bay" ; Juvik was s pe l l ed D j upvik on Lind s tröms map of 1 86 1 , Pl . 1 4 ) . The d l st i nc t i on betwee n the two " Dj upv iks " was made by reference to t he par i sh . The northern Djupvik ( " Juv ik" ) i s si tua ted in Fröj e l pari sh ( see the l oca l i ty " D j upviken nedanf ör Stens tugu " ) . In the col l e c t i on s , the d i st inc t i on be tween thi s D j upvik and " Djupvike n i Eksta " does not pres ent any d 1ff icu l t i es .

The famous loca l i ty which wa s c u s t omar i l y termed Dj upvi k is s i tuated in Eksta par i s h an d was de scr i bed by Lind s tröm ( 1 86 1 : 3 4 4 ) as fol l ows : " På ömse si dor om Djupviken i Eksta s träcka sig låga k l ippväggar mot norr in i Fröj e l oc h mot s öder ner t i ll Wafle f i skläge . Hafve t , s om a l l t j emt unde rgräfver dem , utsköljer de inne slut na f örs.teningarna och g ör derigenom denna s t ran d t i l l en af de rikaste fyndorterna på Got land " ( s ee a lso Schmidt 1 85 9 : 430-4 3 1 ) . Thus the o l d l oca l i ty D j upvik i n Eksta , the typ e loca l i ty of many s pec i e s , compri s ed e xpos ures at the shore wh i ch extended for at l ea s t two k i l ornetres and inc luded CNL Blåhäl l 1 and Djupvik 1 -2 . The whol e sequence i s wi thin Mulde Mar l .

KLI NT EBERG LIMESTONE

MALLGARDS KLINT , Levide pa ri sh . No CN . Lindström ( 1 86 1 : 34 8 ) reported tha t "i den no rra s kogs bevuxna de len av Lefvede frams tryker en låg ka lkvägg , kallad Ma llgårds kl int , i nord l ig och syd l ig riktn i ng . Dess kalk l iknar fullkÖmlfgt Kl int eberge t s , och man har här samma fC:Srs ten ingar med t i l l ägg af en obe s t ämd , s Hit Spi ri gerina . " Lind s tr öm ' s co l l ec t i on s from Ma llgårds kl int include s e veral specimens of thi s smooth a trypac ean .

DI KE MELLAN STJERNARVE OCH LEVIDE or ÖSTER OM STJE RNARVE EKSTA VID LANDSVÄGEN, Eksta pari sh ( Lind s tröm' s col lect i on ) . No CN . In an undated man u s cript note , G . Linds t r öm re ports tha t " Vid Stj ernarve 1 Eksta 1 ett dike C:Ss ter om gården vid s t o ra landsvägen åt Levede . Gråaktig ka lksten " . The loca l i ty ha s yielded Con chi"d i um bi locu l are and othe r foss i l s . The e xac t l ocat i on of the df�exposure is d iff icu l t t o de termine because i t is not known to wh i ch farm Lind s t rC:Sm refers , nor t he distan ce of the d i t ch from the farm . However , i ts loca t i on i s wi thin a fairly lim i t ed area .

HEMSE BEDS

HAMMARUDD , K räkl ingbo pa ri sh . CNL Garnudde n 1 . Schmid t ( 1 85 9 : 4 8 ) re ported t ha t " an der Spi t ze Hammarudd -seTbs t s ahen wir eine n Stromatoporen und Syringoporenka lk mit Zwi schenschi cht en e ine s dunke lgra ue n Merge l s • • • Uberfilllt von Rhynchone l l a d i odon t a " . See also Lind s tröm ( 1 86 1 : 355 ) .

-·-- ---

DJUPV IK V ID HAMMARS , DJUPVIK Ö . OM L . HAMMA RS or occa sionally s imply DJUPV IK , Kräk lingbo par i s h . CNL Djaupviksudden 1 . The loca l i ty where Ba l teuryp terus ( B . n . s p . accord ing to the :late Erik N . Kj ellesvig-Wäering , per sonal commun i cat i on ) was d i scovered on Got l and . Schmidt ( 1 85 9 : 4 8 ) re ported tha t " kurz vor der Spi t ze von Hammarudd werden d i e Plat ten wei ss l i ch und ärrner an Pe trefacten • • • Hier entde ckte i ch • • • den Eurypterus remipe s " .

BOTES KULLE , Ete lhem pari sh . No CN . A smal l hi l l c . 1 00 m wes t of Botes ' farm. ( SNG 6359 4 3 1 66 0 9 3 ; UTM CJ 4820 57 37) , exposing Etelhem Limeston e . The loca l i ty , whi ch i s abou t 1 250 m ESE of Etelhem church , was referred to by Hede ( 1 927b : 27 ) .

LINDE KLINT , Linde par i sh . Inc ludes CNL L inde 1 and 2 . The h i l l i s call ed Linde berge t o n the modern topograph i ca l -map-shee t .

STENBROA , S i l te par i sh . Proposed CN Kvännakershamn 1 . SNG 6 3 4 5 92

1 4

1 64205 ( UTM CJ 2836 4536 ) , c . 4850 m wes t of Si l te church . Stream see t i an just west of the bridge ac ro s s Snoder å , incl uding exposure s immed iately wes t of the dam , c . 50 m we s t of the bri dge { L . Ramsköld , per son a l communi cation ) .

Lind ström ( 1 86 1 : 34 4-34 5 ) descr i bed the l oca l i ty as follows : " Det är icke förr än vi d Stenbro -åens utlopp som nya l ager framträda • • •

Stenbroåens södra-ariD-inne s lut e s af vid pas s 12 fot mäg t i ga kalkvallar , bestående af småkn ö l ig , t unnski vig ka lk , af blågrå färg och s t qndom merge l artad . Den är i al lmänhe t fattig på fBrsteningar • • • " . The outcro p i s marked on the geologica l map-shee t Aa 1 64 ( Hemse ) along the southern branch of the r i ve r cl ose to the out let . The ri ver was formerly ca l led Stenbro å ( see Linds t röm 1 86 1 , Pl . 1 4 ) but i s now Snoderå .

MXSTERMYR KANAL , Si l te and Sproge par i she s . In c lude s CNL Snoder 1 -3 and , poss i b ly , Eske 1 . Along much of i ts course the di tch runa along the boundary betweenSproge and S i l te pari she s , bu t 1t i s mos tly within Sil te par i sh . On museum l abe ls the referen ce to Sproge pari sh may not a lways be correct . The t erm " Sproge kana l " was occasionally used as a synonym of Mästermyr kana l . Hede ( 1 927b ) referred to the d i t ch a s Mästarmyr-kana l .

OCKSARVE , Hemse pari sh . Inc ludes CNL Likmide 1 . Outcrops in thi s

1 5

brook existed already in Linds träm ' s t ime :-ffe-reported ( 1 86 1 : 34 6 ) that "1 en genomskärn ing vi d Oxarfve �' norr om lan d svägen , ser man en tunnf l i sig , kn611g kalk • • • Under de nna ka lk l igger en djupt blå , fin , tunnskivig lera med svarta , a lgl ika aftryck , ful lkoml igt l iknande en dylik b i l dn ing vid Petesviken " . Even in fairly recent collections the loca l i ty is con s i stently termed Ocksarve .

VISNE HYR KANAL , Fardhem par i sh . Inc ludes CNL Gerete 1 . " In the same parish of Fardhem there is an e x tensive canal cut through a moorland , Wi sne myr , lying open a fine secti on of the sha le for nearly ha lf a Swedish mile" ( Lindström 1 8811 : 1 0 ) . The d i stan ce i s exaggerated , because according to the geo l ogica l map- shee t Aa 1 6 4 ( Hemse ) where the extent of expos ure a l ong the d itch is shown , i t cou l d ha rdly have exceeded 2 km . Vi sne myr kanal was one of Lind s t röm ' s favouri te loca l i ties , and he obvi ous ly collected there over many years .

SANDARVE KULLE , Fardhem pa ri sh . CNL Sanda�!�-1 -3 .

PETESVIK , Hablingbo pari sh . No CN . The ea rl ies t de scri p t i on of the l oca lity is by Schmidt ( 1 859 : 43 7 ) : " Zunäh s t haben wir • • • ein Mittelgli ed • • • in den blaugrauen Mergeln , die s i ch e i n ige Werste wei t an der Petesvik , im Kirch s pi e l Hablingbo , hinzi.ehen . Das an s tehende Gestein erhebt sich kaum 1 -2 Fuss Uber das Meeresn i vea u ; ist aber vorzUglich zum Pe trefaktensammeln gee i gnet , indem , durch die häufige Einwirkung de s Uberschwemmenden Meerwassers , die Pe trefakten aus dem umgebenden Geste in si ch lösten und nur a�fge samme l t zu werden brauchen . " Linds tröm ( 1 86 1 : 34 5 ) provided add i t i onal information : " Vid ( Petesvik ) • • • har man en l i knande kalk , hvars skiktytor l igga blottade öfver s tora st räckor af de n flacka stranden • • • Anmärkn ings värd t är de t inskränkta område , inom hvi lke t åtski l l iga art er här förekommer .

Spirif . plic . var . interlineata träffas endast på en vi ss punkt �ikens-södra si da och -Spfrrf. e xporrecta på den norra " . On Sept . 6 , 1 89 8 , G . Holm vis i ted the locafity an d described the exposure briefly in his field d iary . " He l a stranden från Ljusskär ( ? ) " ( : Laxskär ) " t i l l utgång s punkten af Ski nds långref mycke t l åg långgrund och lång samt uppst igan de merge l ski ffer med t unna ka lkplattor . Detta

är den fordom så rika fos s i lfyndort en af urs köl j d a saker på stranden , som är bet äckt af smått kan t i g t lerigt grus af de n underl iggande häl l en " . Van Hoepen ( 1 9 1 0 : 4 1 - 42 ) reported tha t " aan de Pe tesvik komt

overal va s t ges teente aan de oppervlakte , doch a l l een in het

1 6

zeenivea u • • . Het zuide l i j k gede e l te van de haa i s i betrekke l i jk f os s i e l -arm , he t middengede e l te i s zee r ri jk aan ves teeningen , terwi j l he t noo rd l i j ke s tuk weer arrner i s " . Hed e ( 1 92 1 : 6 1 ) provided a Ust of spec i e s from " den klass i s ka loka l en vid Pe te svik i Hab l ingbo" . Sub se quen t ly the l oca l i ty began Success ive ly to f a l l into obl ivion . In the de scription of Hems e map-shee t ( Hede 1 927b ) the shore e xposure a t Petes vik i s n o t men t i on e d . Over t h e pa s t. few decade s , opinion became wide sprea d tha t the loca l i ty no longer exi sted , or tha t " the clas s i cal Petesvik loca l i t y " co rre s pon d s to the d i t ch e xposure CNL L i l l a

Hallvard s 1 ( Lar s son 1 979 : 1 80 ) . Exam ination o f t h e area by L. Ramsköld in 1 986 revea l ed tha t the shore exposure i s still there and tha t i t in

the ma in conforms to ear l i er de scr i pt i on s . The exposed rock at the shore can be followed from a po int c . 1 00 m south of the f i shing hu ts ( SNG 64 4273 1 642 6 1 ; UTM CJ 2867 42 1 3 ) through c . 800 m

northwards , and it i s pos s i b l e that expo s ures con t inue in termitt ent ly farther to the north .

Expos ures a l ong the shore of Pe tesvik former ly formed one of the mos t farnous loca l i t :f.e s for co l lec t i ng fos s i l s on Got l and . Linds tröm ( 1882 ) provi ded a de tai l ed list of s pec i es ; the material upon which the list is based i s in the collections of Riksmuseum . According to Lind ström ' s ( 1 86 1 ) descri p t i on , the s equence exposed at Pe tesvik i s not qui te uniform faunally but embra ces s everal dif ferent fauna l assemblages , al though the to t a l thickne s s of the e xpos ed Hemse marl hardly exceeds

3-4 m . CNL Lil l a Ha llva rds 4 has a faunal a s semblage similar to one

ass emblage from Petes v ik .

BUR GSV IK SANDSTONE and BASAL HAMRA LIMESTONE

GANNVIKEN ( Gan sviken ) or , more fully , STENBROTT VID GANNV IKEN , Gröt l lngbo pari s h . Inc lud e s CNL Lunde 1 and Rova lds 1 - 3 . Schmi dt ( 1 85 9 : 442 ) report ed t ha t " . . . am letztgenann t en -Ört e " -r :Grötl ingbo ) " tre ten , im Li egenden e i ne s au sgedehn t en Steinbru chs nahe am Meere , noch Sandsteinsch i chten hervorn . Lind s t röm ( 1 86 1 : 357 ) referred to " S tenbro t t en vid Gano viken i Gröt l ingbo " . The old loca l i ty designatlon Gannviken certain ly referred to the c l os e ly s pa ced quarries , mos t of them now overgrown , a long the road f rom Gröt l ingboudd to Gröt l ingbo church ; CNL Lunde 1 and Rova lds 1 - 3 are some of these quarri es . The amount of foss i l s l abe l l ed Gannviken i nd i ca t es i ntensi ve col l ec t i ng from the s e qua rri e s over many yea rs . The s equen ce expos ed in the quarries comprises Burgsvik Sandstone an d ba s a l Hamra Beds ; the material from the s e two un i ts is ea s i l y d i s t i ngui shed l i tho l ogica l ly .

BURSV IK ( Burgs vik ) , Öja pari sh . Th i s o l d loca l i ty term was evi dent ly

used for a be l t of quarries a l ong the ea s tern and southern coas t of Burgsviken , mos t of them now completely overgrown . Hi singer ( 1 828 : 224 -225 ) report ed t ha t " san d s t en uppbrytes på flera s t ä l l en vid Bursvi ken , de r äfven e n l ång s träcka af gamla övergifna bro t t f innas vid Botarfve . " Thu s a lready at tha t t ime there were numerous abandoned quarr i es . The fac t t ha t the l oca l i ty de s i gn a t l on Bursvik was used for a large gro up of qua rries does not reduce the value of the extens ive col l ec t i on s labe l l ed " Bursvt k" , becaus e in thi s area Burgsvik Sand s t on e an d ba sal Hamra Beds appea r t o be s pa t i a l ly fai rly un iform

in both fauna an d l i tho l ogy .

HAMRA LIMEST ONE

ST OCKVIKENS KANAL , Öja parish . No CN . Drainage d i tch for Rörviks träsk . One of G . Lind s tröm ' s favourite loca l i t i. e s in Hamra Beds . Fie ld maps from the end of the last cen t ury show tha t t he on ly p lace where t he d i t ch wa s cut into bed ro ck was north of the road at O l l a j vs , c . 1 50 m north-we s t alon g the d i t ch from the intersec t i on be tween the d i tch and the road ( SNG 6 322 1 5 1 6 5295 ; CJ 2085 3 74 2 ) to abo ut 400 m farther north-west and wes t . The expos ure a lon g the d i tch i s marked on

geo logi ca l map -shee t Aa 1 52 ( Burgs vik ) . The d i tch e xposure CNL Ol l a j vs 1 , south of the ro ad an d c . 200 m south-ea s t f rom the ea s tern end of the Qld loca li ty , doe s not appea r to ha ve exi sted at tha t t ime .

KLEV , Sundre pari sh . CNL Juves 1 - lJ .

Acknowledgement s . I am very mu�h indebted to the a uthori tles of the University L:ibräry , Stockholm , for t he l oan of G . Linds t.röm ' s manus cript records , an d to Mr . Anders Damberg , archi vi st at the Geo logi ca l Surve y of Sweden , for t he loan of f i e ld d i ari es and field maps of the geo l ogists employed by SGU . Dr . Lars Ramsköld ( R iksmuseum ) exaroine d t he si tes of many old l oca U t ies ln t he field and provi deci

other useful information . The he l p from Drs . Chri s t i na Fran zen-Bengtson ( R iksmuseum ) and Les l ey Cher-ns ( Swans ea ) i s al so grateful ly acknowledged .

REFE HENCF..S

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