Local Water Security Action Plan - REC Publicationsdocuments.rec.org/publications/1Jordan_Ajloun.pdfThe local water security action plan (LWSAP) for Ajloun Municipality was developed

Local Water Security Action Plan

GREATER AJLOUN MUNICIPALITY

JORDAN

Local Water Security Action Plan

GREATER AJLOUN MUNICIPALITY

2016–2020

Regional Environmental CenterSzentendre • Hungary

April 2016

2LOCAL W

ATER SECURITY ACTION PLAN

AUTHOR Municipality of Greater Ajloun, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

CONTRIBUTORS Members of the Planning Team: Nabeel Al Qudah, Mayor of Ajloun, Head of Planning Team Raed Abo Hassan, Engineer, Manager of Environmental Directorate Khalid Rabadi, Doctor, Head of Public Health Section, Health Directorate Abd Alkareem Almoumani, Head of Water Laboratory Section, Health Directorate Ziad Al Smadi, Head of Financial Affairs, Water Directorate Azzam Katatbeh, Head of Technical Affairs, Water Directorate Ritta Aldawoud, Manager of Princess Basma Centre, Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development Mohammed Alqudah, Focal Point , Ajloun Municipality Lama Oweis, Local Coordinator, Ajloun Municipality

DESIGN AND LAYOUT Tricia Barna, Regional Environmental Center, Szentendre, HungaryCOPYEDITING AND PROOFREADING Rachel Hideg, Regional Environmental Center, Szentendre, Hungary

PUBLISHER The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)

PRINTING Typonova

This publication was produced under the project “Sustainable Use of Transboundary Water Resources andWater Security Management” (WATER SUM), Component 2: “Water and Security”. The project is implementedby the Regional Environmental Center and funded by the Government of Sweden.

The publication does not necessarily reflect the views of the REC or of the Government of Sweden.

Copyright © 2017 Regional Environmental Center, 2000 Szentendre, Ady Endre ut 9-11, Hungary

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmit-ted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without theprior permission of the REC.

This and all REC publications are printed on recycled paper.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

3

LOCAL W


Introduction 4

Methodology 4

The local water security assessment 6

Strategic vision and principles 8

Local water security goals, objectives and targets 9

The local water security action plan 10

Monitoring and evaluation 16

Annexes 17

ANNEX 1: Stakeholder analysis table 18

ANNEX 2: The composition of the multi-sectoral 20working group (planning team) and a list of other participants in the drafting process..

ANNEX 3: Results of the public opinion assessment. 21

ANNEX 4: Results of the indicator-based local water security assessment 28

ANNEX 5: Problem tree analysis 33

ANNEX 6: Identification of actions 35

ANNEX 7: Specification of actions 44

ANNEX 8: Prioritisation of actions 48

ANNEX 9: Synthesis of objectives 50

References 52

CONTENTS

4LOCAL W


IntroductionAjloun lies in the northwestern part of the HashemiteKingdom of Jordan. It is one of the 12 governorates ofthe kingdom. Ajloun has the second smallest areaamong the governorates (420 km²) after Jerash (410 km²), and the fourth highest population density(358 people per km²).

The governorate is divided into five administrativemunicipalities. Ajloun Municipality (147 km²) is thecentre of the governorate, and is located at latitude(32 20) north of the equator and longitude (35 44)east of Greenwich, about 71 km northwest ofAmman. The other four municipalities are Kufranja(total area 108,928 km²), Al-Shifawith (total area80,897 km²), Al-Oyounand (total area 49,573 km²), andAl-Juneid (total area 36,764 km²) (Figure 1).

Ajloun is characterised by its high altitude and loca-tion in the eastern Mediterranean region. The areaforms part of the Northern and Southern Highlands,a rather cool zone with rainy and sometimes snowywinters and warm summers. Average temperaturesin Ajloun range from 4°C in winter to 32°C in summer.With a predominantly Mediterranean climate, the region receives 300 to 600 mm of rainfall annually.Figure 2 illustrates rainfall in Ajloun Governorate.

The topography of the Ajloun area varies from eleva-tions up to 1,230 m, dropping sharply to 590 m abovesea level in the western parts of the governorate towards the Jordan Valley.

Ajloun is located on a plateau of cretaceous lime-stone, generally exceeding 1,000 m in height. Thissedimentary dome has long afforded some of themost valued and sought after stone for building. Theproduction of olive oil in the Ajloun area is regardedas the main form of agro-industry: other crops areproduced on a minimal scale, including fruit trees,grapes and field crops. The area boasts some of thefinest cultural, archaeological and natural tourist at-tractions in Jordan, and it owes the density and varietyof such attractions to its history of dense inhabitation.Unfortunately, visiting these sites is difficult due to thealmost non-existent tourism infrastructure and thelack of any coherent, established itineraries throughthe area, despite the proximity and accessibility of thesites. The most significant tourist sites in the area areQal‘at Al-Rabad, the Royal Society for the Conserva-tion of Nature (RSCN) lodges and nature reserve, MarElyas, Our Lady of the Mountain, Oudeh Mill, andAjloun Ayoubid Mosque.

The area has a population of about 51,979 and thefourth highest population density in the kingdomafter Irbid, Jerash and Balqa' respectively. Although62.68 percent of the population of Ajloun are over the

age of 15, only 37 percent of these people are eco-nomically active and play a role in the labour market.The unemployment rate is 13.5 percent. Among thenon-employed population, 50 percent are house-wives. There is a lack of market-related opportunitiesin sectors such as tourism, farming and production.Among those who are employed, by far the mostcommon economic activity is in the public sector.Most of the total population of employed peoplework for the government. Jobs in agriculture andforestry account for less than 5 percent of the em-ployment base in Ajloun — an area that is among themost fertile in the country. Employment in thetourism sector accounts for 1.2 percent of the totalemployment market on average, reflecting the partic-ularly underdeveloped tourism infrastructure. Thepoverty rate is 25.6 percent, and the average familycomprises six people.

MethodologyThe local water security action plan (LWSAP) forAjloun Municipality was developed through a partici-patory planning process in the first half of 2016. Thebaseline for the development of the Ajloun LWSAPwas the municipality’s participation in the regionalproject “Sustainable Use of Transboundary Water Re-sources and Water Security Management” (WATERSUM), Component II, Water and Security (WaSe), im-plemented by the Regional Environmental Center forCentral and Eastern Europe with funding from theGovernment of Sweden. The aim of the WaSe compo-nent is to promote a comprehensive and integratedapproach to water security and ecosystem servicesand to contribute to the sustainable development ofeight municipalities in the MENA region as part of ef-forts to combat water scarcity, reduce the threat ofconflict, halt the downward spiral of poverty, biodiver-sity loss and environmental degradation, and in-crease human well-being within the wider context ofregional peace and stability.

The LWSAP for Ajloun Municipality was compiled onthe basis of the LWSAP methodology developedwithin the framework of the WATER SUM project (Lausevic et al. 2016).

During the initial phase of the planning process astakeholder analysis was undertaken in order to iden-tify all stakeholders and to categorise and prioritisethem according to their interests, level of involvementin water planning–related issues, motivation, level ofknowledge, relationships and overall influence onwater security planning (see Annex 1). As a result ofthe stakeholder analysis, the following main stake-holders were identified:

5

LOCAL W


FIGURE 2. RAINFALL IN AJLOUN GOVERNORATE

FIGURE 1. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

6

● Water Directorate ● Health Directorate● Environment Directorate● Greater Ajloun Municipality● Department of Agriculture● Farmers● Local cooperative organisation/product manufac-

turing● Al-Balqa’ University● Governorate● Royal Society for Nature Conservation ● Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Develop-

ment (JOHUD)● The German development agency GIZ● The global humanitarian aid agency Mercy Corps● The NGO ACTED

Among these, the Water, Health and Environment Directorates, the JOHUD, and Ajloun Municipality arethe key LWSAP stakeholders.

The LWSAP for Ajloun Municipality was developed bya multi-sectoral working group, appointed accordingto the approval of the mayor of Ajloun Municipality (Of-ficial Letter of Planning Team Establishment sent by themayor of Ajloun, Number 1292/10, dated March 2016).The composition of the multi-sectoral working group(planning team) and a list of other participants in thedrafting process are shown in Annex 2.

The assessment of current water security in AjlounMunicipality was carried out in two phases: a publicopinion assessment; and an indicator-based localwater security assessment. In the first phase (thepublic opinion assessment), the planning team car-ried out questionnaire-based research among citizensand households. This was followed by the indicator-based local water security assessment for the admin-istrative territory of Ajloun Municipality.

The results of the two assessments were used in car-rying out the problem analysis.

Based on the results of the assessments and the iden-tified problems, the working group explored actiongoals and objectives, determined the need for action,and selected actions for the development of theLWSAP for the municipality. The action plan containsmeasures to improve water security, including a description of each measure, potential locations, responsibilities, additional specifications (criteria suchas additional benefits or negative external impacts)as well as the prioritisation of actions (based on specific criteria).

Water management, beginning with the planning ofinfrastructure, is mainly the responsibility of the

Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The municipality undertook the role of awareness raising and coordi-nating with stakeholders in action implementation.

The local water securityassessment Public opinion assessment

In order to carry out the public opinion assessment,questionnaires were provided to municipalities by theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)to be disseminated by volunteers to cover all topo-graphical areas in both rural and urban settings inAjloun Municipality. The questionnaires were com-pleted by citizens over 18 years of age, 77.6 percentof whom had completed secondary education orabove. The group comprised 52.1 percent men and47.9 percent women.

The results of the public opinion assessment (seeAnnex 3) highlight the need to deal with substantivetopics and to identify the root causes of the mainproblems in the field of water management.

In terms of improving information flow between thelocal authority and the local community, the analysisrevealed that newspapers and television are the mainsources of information about water issues, such aswater quality and water scarcity. The analysis alsoshowed that announcing plans and providing infor-mation about water to the local community via socialmedia would be a more efficient way to ensure theflow of data between the local authority and localpeople. The analysis revealed that 59.9 percent ofpeople never received information from the local au-thority related to water quality, while over 90 percentof people would like to receive such data. Likewise,46.1 percent of people declared that the local author-ity never provided information about water-relatedplans and programmes, although over 85 percent ofpeople requested such information; 70 percent ofpeople expressed their opinion about water-relatedproblems, 87.7 percent have never contributed to themanagement planning process, and in the case of68.1 percent of the remainder who have contributed,their contribution has not been accepted. These re-sults reflect the importance of a comprehensive par-ticipatory approach to planning based on a databaseto be established, which will allow the responses ofthe planning team and interested stakeholders to betaken into consideration, and ensure the feedback oflocal people with respect to water scarcity and theconstraints on water availability following the rapidincrease in the population caused by the Syrian

LOCAL W


7

refugee crisis and the protection of water resourcesfrom pollution by domestic waste and sewage.

The results illustrate the importance of raising aware-ness at local level on vital issues: when asked to ratethe current and future importance of water quality forthe abundance of plant and animal species in theirvillage, 72.3 percent of respondents stated that it isimportant or vital. A total of 67.5 percent of respon-dents stated that they could earn more money if theyhad secure access to water. Members of the localcommunity are apparently willing to change their pat-terns of water use in order to be more efficient, as ac-cording to the results of the questionnaires, 87.7 percent of people are trying to save water, although 44 percent of people use tap water forwashing their cars and watering their gardens, and61.8 percent of people do not harvest rainwater. Thisreflects the root cause of the problem: a combinationof a poor economic situation and a lack of awarenessat local level of the importance of water harvestingand efficient water use (see Annex 3).

Indicator-based local water security assessment

In Ajloun Municipality, water is supplied mainly fromgroundwater resources, which provide 60 percent ofthe total water that is sustainably produced everyyear (884,000 m3/year). The remaining 40 percent(598,680 m3/year) is provided from surface water resources (springs and water bodies).

A population of around 49,400 people is suppliedfrom this amount. Availability is a key constraint:water availability is about 58 litres per capita per day.

The total annual amount allocated to the community isabout 1,045,798 m3, the lowest per capita use in Jordan.

The rate of system losses from water mains is around34 percent, owing to administrative causes, watertheft, illegal use and technical faults (breaks in thenetwork). It is estimated that the amount of potablewater actually available is 38 litres per capita per daydue to these losses (see Figure 3).

Technically, the number of people currently served bythe water network represents 100 percent capacityaccording to the system design, and there is no pos-sibility for the community’s infrastructure to meetextra demand in the future. The water pipe system(municipal water network) serving the community isaffected by many disruptions each year. It is esti-mated that there are five service disruptions per yearthat require maintenance operations, and that 300 people are affected by each service disruption,which takes around three days to repair. In terms ofwastewater infrastructure, only 59 percent of the pop-ulation are served by a sewerage system, and the remaining 41 percent rely on septic tanks at house-hold level (see Annex 4 for the indicator-based localwater security assessment results).

Problems encountered

According to the local water security assessment, thekey challenges are related to:

● efficient water use;● water-related infrastructure;● water availability; and● irrigation and climate change adaptation.

LOCAL W


FIGURE 3. WATER SUPPLY IN AJLOUN

8

Efficient water use

● Households do not have adequate informationand/or training on grey water use and the possiblebenefits for the community.

● Households lack adequate knowledge, and there-fore neglect water harvesting practices.

● There is a lack of proper enforcement policies forefficient water use at local level.

● The high poverty rate (25.6 percent) means thathouseholds are unable to employ more efficientwater consumption practices.

Water-related infrastructure

● Financial resources for the building and rehabili-tation of the sewerage system are limited.

● The municipality does not have sufficient respon-sibility in the fields of management and planning,and municipality staff are not qualified to monitorwater quality.

● The lack of financial resources is combined with alow level of knowledge about the construction ofrainfall collection systems and wells.

● There is a lack of comprehensive urban planningpractices at the municipal level, particularly relatedto water and wastewater infrastructure planning.

Water availability

● There is a lack of contemporary building regula-tions on septic tank construction at the local level.

● Some temporary water springs, such as Ayn Kontaraand Tayes, are poorly developed and managed.

● There is a shortage of specific data and researchis very costly.

● About 34 percent of water used is stolen from thenetwork.

Irrigation and climate change adaptation

● There is a lack of awareness of sustainable irriga-tion methods.

● There is a shortage of water resources for irrigation.

Strategic vision andprinciplesAs defined by UN-Water, water security is the capacityof a population to safeguard sustainable access to ad-equate quantities of acceptable quality water for sus-taining livelihoods, human well-being, andsocioeconomic development, for ensuring protection

LOCAL W


FIGURE 4. THE WATER SYSTEM IN AJLOUN

9

against water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climateof peace and political stability (UN-Water AnalyticalBrief on Water Security and the Global Water Agenda,2013). With this in mind, Greater Ajloun Municipalitywill work towards the implementation of followinglong-term vision:

My water. My health. My life. Sustainable waterto sustain generations.

In order to achieve this vision, Greater Ajloun Munic-ipality will demonstrate viable opportunities to imple-ment and advance six guiding principles of watersecurity and incorporate them in strategic decisions,decision-making processes and daily operations:

● Long-term perspective

– Today’s water management decisions will be undertaken in the context of a long-term plan.

● Water for future generations

– A sustainable approach to water use will protectthe quality and quantity of water now and forthe future, benefiting human health and com-munities and promoting a thriving economy.

● Integrated approach to management

– Water decisions will integrate the multiple ob-jectives and information pertaining to economicdevelopment and the ecological, hydrologicaland social aspects of water in order to achievea balanced outcome.

● Partnerships and participation

– Collaboration in the development and imple-mentation of water management decisions willbe facilitated and improved.

● Value of water

– Water will be treated as a finite resource andused efficiently and effectively to best reflect itseconomic, social and environmental importance.

● Informed, risk-based management

– Water management will incorporate considerationof risk and be supported by research and data.

Local water securitygoals, objectives andtargetsThe main themes and strategic goals of the GreaterAjloun Municipality LWSAP 2016–2020 are definedbelow.

● Action theme 1: Efficient use of water

– Goal 1.1 By 2020, increase the awareness ofhouseholds on water efficiency and the properuse of water resources

● Action theme 2: Water-related infrastructure

– Goal 2.1 By 2020, ensure the sustainable useand protection of water resources

● Action theme 3: Water availability

– Goal 3.1. By 2019, ensure the protection ofwater resources and reduce water losses

Specific objectives and targets

The action plan goals will be realised by achieving spe-cific objectives for each action theme (see Annex 6 fordetails). The following objectives for local water sec-urity in Greater Ajloun Municipality will be targeted:

Efficient use of water

● Empower the population by providing adequateinformation and/or training on grey water use forat least one-third of households by 2018.

● Increase the awareness of municipal employeeson efficient practices in water harvesting by 2017.

● Empower the population by providing adequateinformation and/or training on water harvestingfor at least one-third of households by 2018.

● Develop new enforcement policies for efficientwater use at local level by 2019.


● Connect houses to sewerage systems, using sup-ported technical procedures, rather than septictanks to reduce pollution.

● Establish an early warning system to safeguardthe quality of the existing water supply, develop asystem for monitoring water treatment, and pro-vide digital water testing kits by the year 2018.

● Install proper infrastructure for collecting rain-water from urban buildings by the year 2018.

● Establish a unit in the municipality for the plan-ning and management of monitoring and to dealwith feedback from the public.

Water availability

● Develop new enforcement policies for buildingregulations and the construction of septic tanks atlocal level.

● Develop new enforcement policies in relation towater theft.

● Develop comprehensive strategies, including

LOCAL W


10

management and protection, for six water resources by 2019.

● Establish a database unit in the municipality deal-ing with data at municipality and governorate levelby 2018.

The local water securityaction planEfficient use of water

GOAL 1.1 By 2020, increase theawareness of households on waterefficiency and the proper use of water resourcesIncreasing water use efficiency is key to reducing therisk of losses from the already limited water supply.By managing supply systems more efficiently and sus-tainably, it will be possible to meet the needs of futureeconomic growth.

Target 6.4 of UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 is, by2030, to: “substantially increase water use efficiencyacross all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawalsand supply of freshwater to address water scarcity andsubstantially reduce the number of people sufferingfrom water scarcity”. With households accounting for98 percent of the water used in Ajloun, householdwater efficiency actions and activities can play a vitalrole in saving water inside and outside the home.

The efficient and productive use of water has beendeclared as one of the five priorities in the JordanianNational Water Strategy 2016–2025, which focuses onefficiency in the use and conservation of water resources in order to achieve optimal social and economic benefits.

Raising awareness of water issues at all levels is criti-cal for the successful implementation of water con-servation programmes and activities. TheMunicipality of Ajloun is fully aware that responsibilityfor efficient water use, and, in particular, water efficiency in households, must be shared. To the ex-tent that local governments have responsibilities forwater, they too must be seen to embrace and activelypromote water efficiency and awareness of theproper use of water resources. In this sense, commu-nity initiatives are necessary in order to develop a suc-cessful bottom-up approach to promoting efficientwater use at grassroots level. Communities need todefine local water issues and establish channels ofcommunication with local leaders. Community in-volvement adds value to water efficiency promotionprogrammes by building local perspectives, values

and expectations into decision making. It also encour-ages the long-term commitment of the community toprogramme ownership, and a desire for its success.

The Municipality of Ajloun will develop and imple-ment the following actions towards increasing theawareness of households on water efficiency and theproper use of water resources:

● Empower the population by providing adequateinformation and/or training on grey water reusefor at least one-third of households by 2018.

● Empower the population by providing adequateinformation and/or training on water efficiencyand water harvesting for at least one-third ofhouseholds by 2018.

● Increase the awareness of municipal employeeson water efficiency and efficient practices in waterharvesting by 2017.

● Develop new enforcement policies for efficientwater use at local level by 2019.

Objective 1.1.1 Empower the population by providingadequate information and/or training on grey waterreuse for at least one-third of households by 2018

The analysis suggests that households in Ajloun Mu-nicipality do not have adequate information and/ortraining on grey water reuse and the possible benefitsfor the community. In order to provide adequate in-formation on grey water use and the benefits of waterconservation, this information should be systema-tised, processed, and presented to citizens in an ap-propriate and understandable form. Thedevelopment of clear technical specifications andguidelines for water conservation and grey water usewill facilitate the provision of the necessary informa-tion and form a solid basis for a local education andoutreach programme.

Grey water is untreated household wastewater thathas not come into contact with sewage. It generallyrefers to the wastewater generated from householduses such as bathing and washing clothes, as distinctfrom the more heavily contaminated “black water”from toilets. With its higher quality than black water,due to its low level of contamination, it has greaterpotential for reuse. When grey water is reused eitheron site or nearby, it has the potential to reduce thedemand for new water supply, reduce the energy andcarbon footprint of water services, and meet a widerange of social and economic needs. Grey water reusetherefore has the multiple benefits of providing addi-tional water supply, reducing wastewater disposalcosts, and reducing pollution.

Jordan passed a standard in 2006 regarding greywater reuse in rural areas. The National Water Strat-egy 2016–2025 includes the vision that by 2025 Jordanwill achieve the more efficient and productive use of

LOCAL W


11

water. The Ministry of Water and Irrigation will there-fore initiate and coordinate the development of a uni-fied policy framework on sanitation, around which allgovernment and other relevant entities can developappropriate and harmonised approaches and inputs.As domestic water is used predominantly by women,the National Water Strategy makes women and girlsthe primary targets of awareness and education cam-paigns, and establishes mechanisms specificallyaimed at women to encourage, promote and facilitatetheir engagement and participation in water, sanita-tion and hygiene (WASH) activities.

One major barrier to grey water reuse is the publicperception that it is unsafe or unhealthy, along witha more general aversion to the idea of reusing waste-water. However, some studies have revealed thatpublic acceptance of grey water reuse for certain ac-tivities can be higher if and when the population aresupplied with adequate information and/or training.People may raise four important questions regardinggrey water reuse: acceptability with regard to religiousand cultural values; affordability and financial bene-fits; difficulty; and ability to improve access to waterof sufficient quality and quantity. This highlights theneed for a participatory approach to the developmentof grey water reuse technologies, so that the needsand concerns of users are addressed.

The results of the 2015/2016 public opinion assess-ment in Ajloun suggest that almost half the popula-tion lacks information related to water plans andprogrammes, including 60 percent of people whohave never received information related to waterquality. As a result, 88 percent of households do notundertake any water saving or water efficiency meas-ures at home. In this context, education and aware-ness-raising campaigns have a critical role to play inbuilding public knowledge and support for new watersolutions in Ajloun. A key strategy to building publicacceptance is working directly with affected commu-nities in designing, developing and implementing so-lutions. In addition, using the media as a channel toconvey messages about the importance of grey waterreuse can be an effective way to upscale educationand awareness efforts. Greater awareness of the po-tential benefits and cost effectiveness will contributeto the expansion of responsible grey water use. Thistype of public outreach should be accompanied bynew local policies on grey water use.

All planned activities should target at least one-thirdof Ajloun households by 2018. Special emphasis willbe placed on women, as they typically play a vital rolein the success of many grey water projects, especiallyin the Middle East, being in charge of water manage-ment at household level and not employed outsidethe home. Also, activities will further empower poorpeople in rural areas and Syrian refugees. In addition,

the planned activities will be implemented in such away as to influence a wider audience (or, more specif-ically, the entire population) through the developmentof local policies and standards for grey water use, andvia a media campaign.

Action 1.1.1.1 Developing technical specifications forgrey water reuse and rainwater harvesting

In order to provide adequate information on greywater use and the benefits of water conservation, in-formation should be systematised, processed andmade available to citizens in an appropriate and un-derstandable form. The development of clear techni-cal specifications and guidelines for waterconservation and grey water use will facilitate the pro-vision of the necessary information and form a solidbasis for a local education and outreach programme.

As the development of technical specifications forgrey water use is considered a high priority for themunicipality, by the end of 2016 the Municipality ofAjloun planned to develop and make available tohouseholds detailed guidelines on water harvesting,water recycling and the reuse of non-potable water,including, as a minimum: bores, rainwater tanks,storm water, grey water, the purchasing and trans-porting of recycled water, and managed aquiferrecharging. Technical specifications include (but arenot limited to):

● design and construction requirements for greywater and rainwater collection and storage equip-ment;

● a methodology for assessing supply and demand;● requirements for installations;● testing, operation and maintenance require-

ments;● requirements related to sampling, monitoring,

flow management and record keeping;● safety precautions; and● recommended education and training on the

proper use of treated grey water systems.

This was planned as a short-term action in the secondhalf of 2016. The main institution responsible for im-plementation is the Local Development Unit of AjlounMunicipality, in partnership with Ajloun GovernorateLocal Development Unit; the Yarmouk Water Com-pany; the Health Directorate; the Environment Direc-torate; and the Jordanian Hashemite Fund for HumanDevelopment. The action includes the participation ofexperts with a certain level of technical competence.It is therefore necessary to establish broader partner-ships with research institutions and water serviceproviders. In combination with other water efficiencyactions, it is not expected to encounter non-acceptance from stakeholders.

LOCAL W


12

Action 1.1.1.2 Developing and implementing waterconservation and grey water use education and out-reach programmes

The education and outreach programme on waterconservation and grey water use is considered amedium priority. The municipality, in close coopera-tion with regional authorities, user organisations andNGOs, will initiate a grey water use education andoutreach programme in 2017 that reflects local valuesand characteristics, and that communicates the long-term benefits of conservation and grey water use forAjloun. This will directly respond to the needs of citi-zens, as stated in the public opinion survey. The pro-gramme will include:

● the development of educational materials relatedto water conservation and grey water use (bene-fits, technical issues, proper use and safety meas-ures etc.) and their distribution through the waterservice provider’s network;

● the organisation of up to four workshops; ● the development of informational materials for

adults, for distribution through local media; and● the organisation of training (theoretical and prac-

tical) for teachers at kindergarten to high-schoollevel on water conservation and grey water use.

This action will be realised in the medium term, start-ing from the beginning of 2017. The main institutionresponsible for implementation will be the water con-servation coordinator of Ajloun, appointed in 2016, inpartnership with the Local Development Unit ofAjloun Municipality; the Local Development Unit ofAjloun Governorate; the Yarmouk Water Company;the Ajloun Environment Directorate; and the Jordan-ian Hashemite Fund for Human Development.

This is a no-regret action. As an action oriented to ed-ucation and public outreach, it will require significantcommunication skills on the part of all involved stake-holders. In this regard, careful planning is crucial, asis the engagement of communication specialists.

Action 1.1.1.3 Developing and implementing publicawareness campaigns on water conservation andgrey water use

Via the public awareness campaigns, citizens will haveeasier and more effective access to information aboutlocal water resources, the importance of water con-servation, and the general environmental, economicand regulatory benefits associated with conservationpractices etc.

Public awareness campaigns on water conservationand grey water use are considered a medium priority.In 2017, the Municipality of Ajloun will develop a setof specific tools for raising public awareness and im-proving understanding of water conservation and

grey water use. This includes, but is not limited to:

● creating an interactive and informative website; ● using water bills as a first-line educational tool;● organising and promoting special events such as

conservation fairs or workshops; and ● making public service announcements and mak-

ing radio/television/audio-visual presentations.

This action will be realised in the medium term, startingin 2017. The main institution responsible for implemen-tation will be the water conservation coordinator ofAjloun, appointed in 2016, in partnership with the LocalDevelopment Unit of Ajloun Municipality, the Local De-velopment Unit of Ajloun Governorate; Yarmouk WaterCompany; and the Environment Directorate. This is ano-regret action. It will require significant communica-tion skills on the part of all involved stakeholders, andin this regard, careful planning is crucial, as is the en-gagement of communication specialists.

Objective 1.1.2 Empower the population by providingadequate information and/or training on water efficiency and water harvesting for at least one-thirdof households by 2018

Water harvesting encompasses a wide range of tech-nologies for collecting, storing and providing waterwith the specific aim of meeting water demand forhuman activities. There is strong evidence to supportthe view that the proper development and use ofwater harvesting systems can regenerate ecosystemproductivity and suppress the degradation of ecosys-tem services by soil erosion and flooding; improve environmental flows by increasing base flow wheregroundwater is recharged; provide an entry point toimprove agricultural production, regenerate degradedlandscapes and supply water for small horticultureand livestock; and improve incomes and food security.

In Jordan, roof-top harvesting is currently being prac-tised for drinking water, domestic uses and livestock,and for garden irrigation. Rainwater harvesting is anattractive option for increasing available water re-sources in Ajloun, where the average rainfall is 582 mmper year. However, recent studies have shown that har-vested water tends to be heavily polluted and unsuit-able for drinking, although still of good enough qualityfor irrigation. The results of the 2015/2016 public opin-ion assessment in Ajloun suggest that almost half thepopulation lacks information related to water plansand programmes, including 60 percent who never receive information related to water quality.

Public awareness has an important role in the man-agement of collected rainwater. Education, trainingand financial support are needed in order to encour-age people to consider the importance and quality ofcollected water. To ensure the sustainable implemen-

LOCAL W


13

tation of rainwater harvesting in both urban areasand the rural community, it is therefore crucially im-portant to engage stakeholders in Ajloun in the pro-tection and improvement of water quality, and in thesustainable implementation of rainwater harvestingthrough public awareness and behavioural change.

Different stakeholder groups will be targeted, and thefinal beneficiaries will be Ajloun households, primarilythose in deprived communities with limited water sup-ply and sanitation facilities. Interventions will targetwomen, given their traditional role in household waterharvesting and their increasing involvement in manag-ing small-scale irrigation projects. Taking into accountthe importance of water harvesting for irrigated agri-culture, the intervention will also target farmers andhouseholds in rural areas. Specific activities will also bedeveloped aimed at the young population, with an em-phasis on behavioural and cultural changes.

Action 1.1.2.1 Developing and elaborating a localwater harvesting policy

Traditional water harvesting systems are not only rel-evant today, but even necessary, and in some casesvital. However, the use of traditional systems shouldbe based on a clear local policy, which is available andtransparent to local people. Although there is some ex-perience of water harvesting policy development inAjloun (e.g. as part of the “Conservation and Sustain-able Use of Dry-Land Agro-biodiversity in Jordan 1999–2004” project, a socioeconomic survey and publicawareness campaign were carried out and water har-vesting infrastructure was established and maintained),the 2016 public opinion assessment suggests thathouseholds lack adequate knowledge about water har-vesting techniques, which has led to the neglecting ofwater harvesting. A clear and relevant local water har-vesting policy should help to bridge the gap betweenwater demand and current water efficiency practices.

The municipality, in close association with regional au-thorities, user organisations and NGOs, will formulateand make transparent a clear local policy regardingsurface water harvesting, primarily through the appli-cation of improved traditional rainwater harvestingtechniques. Special attention will be given to:

● introducing soil conservation measures in thecatchments of existing and future reservoirs;

● standardising the planning and design norms forrainwater harvesting for various end users;

● developing surface treatment technology (mechanical and chemical);

● minimising evaporation losses; ● preparing tanks/reservoirs to minimise seepage

losses; ● using domestic roof-top rainwater harvesting for

drinking water; and

● using local materials to make storage tanks/cisterns.

This is a high-priority, short-term action, starting im-mediately after the adoption of the LWSAP. The maininstitution responsible for implementation will be theLocal Development Unit of Ajloun Municipality, in part-nership with the Local Development Unit of AjlounGovernorate; the Yarmouk Water Company; and theJordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development.

Action 1.1.2.2 Implementing public awareness cam-paigns for housewives on rainwater harvesting

Public awareness campaigns will directly supporthouseholds by improving knowledge through trainingand other knowledge transfer techniques. It is ex-pected that local research of best water harvestingpractices will point to the most appropriate rainwaterharvesting methods for Ajloun and thus contribute di-rectly to better acceptance among the population.Women are important stakeholders in agriculturalwater management — they play a key role in waterand land conservation, rainwater harvesting and watershed management.

In order to promote initiatives to reduce communitywater consumption through community educationprogrammes and strategic partnerships with educa-tion providers, water authorities, national and regional governments and community groups, during2017 and the first half of 2018 the Municipal Officefor Economic Development will organise and facilitatepublic awareness campaigns on rainwater harvesting,aimed at housewives. The campaign will include:

● research on the most appropriate water harvest-ing technology for Ajloun Municipality, including acost-benefit analysis;

● the provision of information for the communityvia the printing and distribution of at least 1,000leaflets on topics including the financial savingsthat can be made by water conservation andwater harvesting in particular; and

● the organisation and implementation of trainingfor households (at least 500 housewives trained).

This will be realised as a medium-priority, long-termaction, starting from the beginning of 2017. The maininstitution responsible for implementation will be thewater conservation coordinator of Ajloun, appointedin 2016, in partnership with the Local DevelopmentUnit of Ajloun Municipality; Ajloun Governorate LocalDevelopment Unit; the Yarmouk Water Company; andthe Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Develop-ment. This is a no-regret action. However, the actionwill require significant communication skills on thepart of all involved stakeholders. In this regard, care-ful planning is crucial, as is the engagement of com-munication specialists.

LOCAL W


14

Action 1.1.2.3 Implementing educational campaignsfor young people on water efficiency and water har-vesting

The involvement of young people is essential in orderto form a solid basis for the local education and out-reach programme. There are around 17,500 pupils inAjloun (according to the Directorate of Education),and increasing the information about water efficiencyand water harvesting that is provided to them is vitalfor water use efficiency, especially in terms of chang-ing the future behaviour of households. The publicawareness campaign will directly support the youngpopulation with improved knowledge through train-ing and other knowledge transfer techniques. It is ex-pected that local research of best water harvestingpractices will point to the most appropriate rainwaterharvesting methods for Ajloun, and thus contributedirectly to better acceptance among the population.

Young people are important stakeholders in watermanagement, as they play a key role in behaviourchange in the local community in relation to watermanagement and practices.

During 2017 and the first half of 2018, the Local De-velopment Unit of Ajloun Municipality will organiseand facilitate public awareness campaigns on rain-water harvesting, targeting young people. As part ofthe campaign:

● from the beginning of 2017, the municipality, to-gether with local schools and universities, will im-plement effective student-directed educationalcampaigns to bring about behavioural change andpromote water harvesting, with the aim of reducingsurface water and groundwater consumption; and

● together with the university, the Local DevelopmentUnit will create and administer fundamental watermanagement training for pupils of at least five ele-mentary schools and colleges in each region.

This is a medium priority, medium-term action, start-ing from the beginning of 2017. The main institutionresponsible for implementation will be the water con-servation coordinator of Ajloun, appointed in 2016,and the Local Development Unit of Ajloun Municipal-ity, in partnership with the Local Development Unit ofAjloun Governorate, the Yarmouk Water Company, theHealth Directorate and the Jordanian Hashemite Fundfor Human Development. This is a no-regret action.However, the action will require significant communi-cation skills on the part of all involved stakeholders. Inthis regard, careful planning is crucial, as is the en-gagement of communication specialists.

Action 1.1.2.4 Providing training on local water har-vesting policy and water harvesting techniques for irrigation purposes

The National Water Strategy 2016–2025 emphasisesthat “alternative technologies such as rainwater har-vesting for enhancing irrigation water supply will bepromoted”. This capacity-building action will signifi-cantly improve the knowledge of local farmers and in-crease on-farm irrigation efficiency in order tomaximise agricultural output.

In partnership with regional authorities, and with thedirect involvement of civil society organisations, theMunicipality of Ajloun will create and administer atraining programme on local water harvesting policyand water harvesting techniques for irrigation pur-poses, targeting rural and remote communities. Tenregional trainings will be organised in Ajloun Gover-norate. This capacity-building action will significantlyimprove the knowledge of local farmers and increaseon-farm irrigation efficiency in order to maximiseagricultural output. Training will be given to house-holds and farmers from local communities who havefarms or gardens requiring irrigation, especially inSafa and Rawaby regions.

This is a medium-priority, medium-term action, start-ing at the beginning of 2017. The main institution re-sponsible for implementation will be the coordinatorof water conservation, in partnership with the LocalDevelopment Unit of Ajloun Municipality; the AjlounGovernorate Local Development Unit; Yarmouk WaterCompany; the Agricultural Directorate; and the Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development.This is a no-regret action. However, the action will require significant communication skills on the partof all involved stakeholders. In this regard, carefulplanning is crucial, as is the engagement of commu-nication and technical specialists.

Action 1.1.2.5 Introducing incentive schemes forretrofitting houses with water harvesting technologies

The Municipality of Ajloun will investigate options forthe introduction of incentive schemes to encouragehouseholders to retrofit their houses with water har-vesting technologies. Retrofitting programmes are away to enable customers to make permanentchanges that can impact the amount of water theyuse for particular purposes. This is a medium-priority,medium-term action, starting at the beginning of2017. The main institution responsible for implemen-tation will be the coordinator for water conservation,in partnership with the Local Development Unit ofAjloun Municipality; Ajloun Governorate Local Devel-opment Unit; the Yarmouk Water Company; and theJordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development.This is a no-regret action. However, the action will require significant communication skills on the partof all involved stakeholders. In this regard, carefulplanning is crucial, as is the engagement of commu-nication and technical specialists.

LOCAL W


15

Objective 1.1.3 Increase the awareness of municipalemployees on water efficiency and efficient waterharvesting practices by 2017

Our analysis indicates that Ajloun Municipality haslow staff capacities for water quality monitoring. TheNational Water Strategy 2016–2025 highlights that“...there is a great need for technical expertise in sec-tor management including monitoring and evalua-tion, data management and analysis; engineering andapplied sciences including hydrology and ecology; thesocial sciences (economics, political science); law; andpublic administration”, and that “...there is an urgentneed to engage with municipalities/small towns andlocal utilities to strengthen service delivery capacity,support local economic development and foster so-cial cohesion in communities”. It is important to makeevery effort to offer professional opportunities thatare sufficiently attractive to retain capacities in thissector in the country. The overall goal is to havestrong institutions staffed by skilled professionals.

Action 1.1.3.1 Designating a water conservation coordinator

The Municipality of Ajloun will designate/nominate acoordinator for water conservation. Coordinating ed-ucational and outreach programmes and campaignscan be challenging and time consuming. These tasksare currently shared between the municipality, the gov-ernorate and service providers, and the division of re-sponsibilities is often unclear. Giving these tasks to awater conservation coordinator will improve informa-tion and data flow on water conservation (includingboth grey water use and water harvesting).

This is a high-priority, short-term action, starting at thebeginning of 2017. The main institution responsible forimplementation will be the Municipality of GreaterAjloun, in partnership with the Local Development Unitof Ajloun Municipality; the Ajloun Governorate LocalDevelopment Unit; the Yarmouk Water Company; theJordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development;the Health Directorate; and the Environment Direc-torate. This is a no-regret action. However, the actionwill require significant communication skills on the partof all involved stakeholders. In this regard, careful plan-ning is crucial, as is the engagement of communicationand technical specialists.

Action 1.1.3.2 Providing training on water use efficiency and efficient water harvesting practices formunicipal employees

The Municipality of Ajloun, in partnership with regional authorities, will create, administer and imple-ment training curricula in 2017 on water efficiency andefficient water harvesting practices for municipal em-ployees. The programme will include the organisationof four on-the-job training sessions, and will coverwater efficiency in municipal buildings and facilities

that are under the direct responsibility of the munici-pality (data sampling and processing, monitoring,planning, project implementation etc.). In addition, thecurricula will encompass facilitation and communica-tion skills; water sector management, including mon-itoring and evaluation, data management andanalysis; engineering and applied sciences, includinghydrology and ecology; the social sciences (economics,political science); law; and public administration.

This is a medium-priority, medium-term action, start-ing at the beginning of 2017. The main institution re-sponsible for implementation will be the coordinatorof water conservation, in partnership with the LocalDevelopment Unit of Ajloun Municipality; Ajloun Gov-ernorate Local Development Unit; the Yarmouk WaterCompany; and the Environment Directorate. This is ano-regret action. However, the action will require sig-nificant communication skills on the part of all in-volved stakeholders. In this regard, careful planningis crucial, as is the engagement of communicationand technical specialists.

Objective 1.1.4 Develop new enforcement policiesfor efficient water use at local level by 2019

Our analysis indicates that there is a lack of proper en-forcement policies for efficient water use at local level.Although some ordinances already exist, the municipal-ity will develop and adopt a general water conservationordinance by 2019. There is a lack of comprehensiveurban planning practices at municipal level, particularlyin terms of water and wastewater infrastructure plan-ning, and the municipality does not have sufficient responsibility for management and planning.

Action 1.1.4.1 Adopting a water conservation ordinance

The ordinance will include primarily behaviouralmeasures, such as limiting irrigation times, prohibit-ing the washing of paved surfaces, and controllingrunoff. The ordinance will contain:

● a description of the efforts made by the local gov-ernment and/or utility to save water in their ownoperations;

● a description of ways in which the local govern-ment is conserving water and helping communitymembers to save water;

● reference to the state rules/regulations on out-door watering schedules, or any altered scheduleadopted by the jurisdiction;

● guidelines for triggers that determine water supply levels;

● permanent water restriction requirements (limitson irrigation and/or watering hours and duration;prevention of excessive water flow or runoff; limitson washing vehicles);

● an obligation to fix leaks, breaks or faults; and● penalties for violations.

LOCAL W


16

This is a high-priority, medium-term action, to be im-plemented by 2019. The main institution responsiblefor implementation will be the Local DevelopmentUnit of Ajloun, in partnership with Ajloun GovernorateLocal Development Unit; the Yarmouk Water Com-pany; the Environment Directorate; and the JordanianHashemite Fund for Human Development. The actionwill require significant communication skills on thepart of all involved stakeholders. In this regard, care-ful planning is crucial, as is the engagement of com-munication and technical specialists.


GOAL 2.1 By 2020, ensure thesustainable use and protection ofwater resourcesObjective 2.1.1 Connect houses to sewerage sys-tems, using supported technical procedures, ratherthan septic tanks in order to reduce pollution

Objective 2.1.2 Establish an early warning system tosafeguard the quality of the existing water supply, de-velop a system for monitoring water treatment, andprovide digital water testing kits by the year 2018

Objective 2.1.3 Install proper infrastructure for collect-ing rainwater from urban buildings by the year 2018

Objective 2.1.4 Establish a unit in the municipality forthe planning and management of monitoring and imple-mentation, and to deal with feedback from the public

Water availability

GOAL 3.1 By 2019, ensure theprotection of water resources andreduce water lossesObjective 3.1.1 Develop new enforcement policiesfor building regulations related to the construction ofseptic tanks at local level

Objective 3.1.2 Develop new enforcement policies inrelation to water theft

Objective 3.1.3 Develop comprehensive strategies,including management and protection, for six waterresources by 2019

Objective 3.1.4 Establish a database unit in the mu-nicipality dealing with data at municipality and gover-norate level by 2018

LOCAL W


Monitoring and evaluation

TABLE 1 STEPS IN THE MONITORING PROCESS

STEP IN THEMONITORINGPROCESS

DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLEBODIES

Setting up themonitoring workinggroup (LWSAP workinggroup)

The mayor of Greater Ajloun Municipality will establish the LWSAP working group, consisting ofrepresentatives of all relevant departments of the city administration. This group jointly reflects onnew data, new projects, implemented projects and activities, critical water security developments, etc.

Municipality

Setting up themonitoring process

The LWSAP working group will decide on the monitoring process, in particular:• The frequency of monitoring: One recommendation is to have yearly meetings of the LWSAP

working group. The meetings are organised by the LWSAP coordinator. • Method of monitoring: The LWSAP working group adopts a joint approach, based on a checklist

that refers to the action plan, the achievement of the action plan, and demands for correctionsand updated actions. This reflection should initially be done verbally. If indicators are created infollow-up steps, these indicators should function as an assessment scale.

• Documentation of monitoring results: The results should be documented in written form to allowfor ease of communication.

• Communication of monitoring results: The monitoring results should be communicated internallywithin the LWSAP working group, and with the superiors of the sections and the head of themunicipality. The monitoring documentation is primarily an internal document for self-assessment and to communicate the quality of climate change adaptation and preparedness. Itshould also help to improve internal processes, with a focus on cross-sector communication andcross-sector planning.

LWSAP working group

17

LOCAL W


Annexes

18LOCAL W


NAME OFORGANISATION/GROUP

INTEREST(H/M/L)

WHAT ARE THEIRCURRENT LEVELS OFINVOLVEMENT IN WATERMANAGEMENT PLANNING,AND WHAT ASPECTS OFTHE LWSAP PROCESS ARETHEY (LIKELY TO BE)MOST INTERESTED IN?

IF INVOLVEMENT AND/OR INTEREST ISL/M, HOW MIGHT WE MOTIVATE THEIRENGAGEMENT WITH LWSAP? WHATBENEFITS MIGHT THEY DERIVE FROMBEING MORE INVOLVED IN LWSAP?

LEVEL OFKNOWLEDGEABOUT WATER-RELATED ISSUES(H/M/L)

Water Directorate H (implementation)High level of involvement inwater management and watersources security

H

Health Directorate H (monitoring) H (promoting water quality) H

EnvironmentDirectorate

H (scientificinformation)

M (response to urgent pollutioncomplaints)

Greater involvement in planning would ensureenvironmental impact assessment for all projects tominimise the probability of water pollution

H

Greater AjlounMunicipality

H (coordination,licence issuing,public opinion)

Expected to maintain a high levelof involvement in water planningas the representative of citizens’ opinions

H

Department ofAgriculture

L (the area is rainfed)

L (rain-fed agricultural land) Irrigation (rain-fed agricultural land)H

Farmers L (rain-fedagricultural land)

L Specific awareness of irrigation methods L

Local cooperativeorganisation/productmanufacturing

L (not involved inthe water sector)

L Increase awareness of water quantity L

Al Balqa’ University H (scientificinstitution)

M (involved in some research) Increase interest in research and teaching H

Governorate M (involved inwater-related conflictresolution)

LIncrease interest in water management, especiallywater quality

M

Royal Society forNature Conservation

H (scientific research,nature conservation)

L Executive Department M

JOHUD; GIZ;MERCY CORPS;ACTED

H (implementation) H |(implementation and funding) H (implementation and funding) H

Annex 1: Stakeholder analysis table

19

LOCAL W


ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITYINFORMATIONABOUT WATER-RELATED ISSUES

(H/M/L)

INFLUENCE ONWATERMANAGEMENT

(H/M/L)

COMMENTS ON INFLUENCE (E.G. ATTITUDESTO WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING, TIMESOR CONTEXTS IN WHICH THEY HAVEMORE/LESS INFLUENCE)

ANY IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS WITHOTHER STAKEHOLDERS? (E.G. CONFLICTS/ALLIANCES)

H HEssential role in management, implementation of plansfor water supply and wastewater management in therespective area

H HResults of laboratory controls influence the water supply,thus establishing a central lab is necessary

Main daily source of water quality information for thework of the Water Directorate

H HTemporary role in water management based on pollutioncomplaints

Participatory work with other stakeholders

H HManagement of urban water infrastructure planning,granting licences for economic and social activities

Participatory work with all stakeholders andrepresentation of citizens’ opinions: need to establish asection for water management planning

M M

Controlling agricultural consumption will reduce waterdemand stressNew methods of irrigation are important in order toreduce quantity of water consumed

L M Reducing the quantity of irrigation water Water conflicts

L L Influence is low/small sector Increasing awareness of water quality

H L Establishing scientific colleges Increasing awareness

H H Grantee procedures in controlling complaints Facilitate the work of departments

M L Increase the importance of water resources protection Cooperates with governorate

HH (policy and tosome extent strategydevelopment)

Increase their role in awareness raising and increase theamount of funding

Cooperate with governorate

20LOCAL W


NAME POSITION INSTITUTION

Nabeel Al Qudah Mayor of Ajloun; Head of Planning Team Ajloun Municipality

Eng. Raed Abo Hassan Manager Environment Directorate

Dr. Khalid Rabadi Head of Public Health Section Health Directorate

Abd AlkareemAlmoumani

Head of Water Laboratory Section Health Directorate

Ziad Al Smadi Head of Financial Affairs Water Directorate

Azzam Katatbeh Head of Technical Affairs Water Directorate

Ritta Aldawoud Manager of Princess Basma Centre Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development (JOHUD)

Mohammed Alqudah Focal Point Ajloun Municipality

Eng. Lama Oweis Local Coordinator Ajloun Municipality

Annex 2: The composition of the multi-sectoralworking group (planning team) and a list of otherparticipants in the drafting process

21

LOCAL W


Annex 3: Results of the public opinion assessment

1. Information flow

CHART 1.1

CHART 1.2

CHART 1.3

22LOCAL W


CHART 1.4

CHART 1.5

CHART 1.6

23

LOCAL W


CHART 1.7

CHART 2.1

CHART 2.2

2. Water governance

24LOCAL W


CHART 3.1

CHART 3.2

CHART 3.3

3. Water utilisation patterns

25

LOCAL W


CHART 3.4

CHART 4.1

CHART 4.2

4. Public awareness

26LOCAL W


CHART 5.1

CHART 5.2

5. Water-related tensions

6. Water availability

CHART 6.1

27

LOCAL W


CHART 6.2

CHART 6.3

CHART 6.4

28LOCAL W


NUMBER INDICATOR

598,680 Average annual streamflow (m3/yr)

884,000 Sustainable groundwater yield (m3/yr)

1,482,680 Total renewable water resources (m3/year)

49,400 Population of community served

0 Renewable water resources (m3 per capita per year)

- Runoff exceeded 5 percent of the year (litres/day)

- Runoff exceeded 95 percent of the year (litres/day)

- Runoff ratio

0 Percentage of wells with rising water levels

80 Percentage of wells with no change in water level

40 Percentage of water supply from surface water

60 Percentage of water supply from groundwater

1,045,798 Amount of water annually allocated (m3/year)

1,482,680 Total renewable water resources (m3/year)

0.705343027 Ratio of water annually allocated to total renewable water resources

690,226.68 Annual amount of water consumed (m3/year)

598,680 Total annual renewable surface flow (m3/year)

0 Ratio of annual amount of water consumed to total annual renewable surface flow

71 Water Quality Index score: For calculation, see www.water-research.net/index.php/water-treatment/water-monitoring/monitoring-the-quality-of-surfacewaters

- Percentage of culturally or economically significant fish populations that are increasing

Annex 4: Results of the indicator-based localwater security assessment

29

LOCAL W


NUMBER INDICATOR

- Percentage of culturally or economically significant fish populations that are stable

51,870 Number of people that can be served at 100% capacity of existing water system

49,400 Number of people currently being served by existing water system

3.4 Annual rate of population growth (percentage)

29,313 Number of people that can be served at 100% capacity of existing wastewater system

29,313 Number of people currently being served by existing wastewater system

34 Percentage of system losses from water mains

5 Percentage of system losses in sewers

39 Percentage of population served by sewers without treatment

0 Percentage of population served by sewers with primary treatment

59 Percentage of population served by sewers with secondary treatment

0 Percentage of population served by sewers with tertiary treatment

1,891,032 Amount of accessible potable water available (litres/day)

49,400 Population of the community served

38.28 Amount of accessible potable water available (litres per capita per day)

5 Number of service disruptions experienced in a year

3,000 Number of people affected by each service disruption (see table below).

3 Duration of each service disruption (days) (see table below).

0.091093117 Total service disruption days

0 Number of reported cases of waterborne disease and illness per year

Maximum provincial/territorial average for local government per capita surplus

Minimum provincial/territorial average for local government per capita surplus

30LOCAL W


NUMBER INDICATOR

- Community per capita surplus

53.5 Maximum provincial/territorial percentage of population aged 20 to 64 with high-school education or higher

40.6 Minimum provincial/territorial percentage of population aged 20 to 64 with high-school education or higher

51.9 Community percentage of population aged 20 to 64 with high-school education or higher

- Percentage of operators that are industry certified. Calculate for each plant. See table below.

Percentage of operators that have some other form of training. Calculate for each plant. See table below.

55 Training indicator score for water plants

65 Training indicator score for wastewater plants

Score for each indicator and component of the CWSI, as well as the community’s final composite score

COMPONENT AND INDICATORS SCORE

Component 1: Freshwater resources 23

Indicator 1: Freshwater availability per person 00

Indicator 2: Freshwater supply vulnerability 40

Indicator 3: Freshwater allocation (demand) 29.5

Component 2: Ecosystem health 86

Indicator 4: Ecosystem stress 100

31

LOCAL W


COMPONENT AND INDICATORS NUMBER

Indicator 5: Water quality 71

Indicator 6: Native fish population -

Component 3: Infrastructure 13

Indicator 7a: Demand for water services (water)1.50

Indicator 7b: Demand for water services (wastewater)

0000

Indicator 8a: Condition of infrastructure (water)00

Indicator 8b: Condition of infrastructure (wastewater)

80100100100

Indicator 8c: Condition of infrastructure (wastewater)00

Component 4: Human health and well-being 67

Indicator 10: Access to potable water 80

Indicator 11: Drinking water reliability 100

Indicator 12: Water-borne illness 100

32LOCAL W


COMPONENT SCORE (CWSI) EVALUATION

Water availability 23 Requires improvement

Ecosystem health 86 Strength area

Infrastructure 13 Requires improvement

Human health 67 Strength area

Capacity 71 Strength area

Summary table

COMPONENT AND INDICATORS NUMBER

Component 5: Community capacity 71

Indicator 13: Financial capacity -

Indicator 14: Workforce education 88

Indicator 15: Operator training 55

CWS Index Composite Score 52

33

LOCAL W


Country Jordan

Name of LSG unit Ajloun Municipality

LWS vision statement My water. My health. My life. Sustainable water to sustain generations.

Action theme 1 Efficient use of water

Goal 1.1 By 2020, increase the awareness of households on water efficiency and proper use of water resources

OBJECTIVE STATEMENTREFERENCE TO PROBLEM STATEMENT

TARGETS

Objective 1.1.1

Empower the population by providingadequate information and/or trainingon grey water use for at least one-third of households by 2018

Households do not have adequateinformation and/or training on greywater use and the possible benefits forthe community.

At least one-third of householdssupported by 2018.

Objective 1.1.2

Empower the population by providingadequate information and/or trainingon water harvesting for at least one-third of households by 2018

Households and young people lackadequate knowledge about waterharvesting practices, which results inthe neglecting of water harvesting.

At least one-third of householdssupported by 2018.

Objective 1.1.3Increase the awareness of municipalemployees on efficient waterharvesting practices by 2017

• Municipal employees lack adequateknowledge about water harvestingpractices, leading to the neglecting ofwater harvesting.

• Municipality staff have lowcapabilities in the field of waterquality monitoring.

Employees in at least five areasaffiliated to Ajloun Municipalitysupported by 2020.

Objective 1.1.4Develop new enforcement policies forefficient water use at local level by2019

There is a lack of proper enforcement ofpolicies for efficient water use at locallevel.

New enforcement policies for efficientwater use at local level developed by2019.

Annex 5: Problem tree analysis

34LOCAL W


Action theme 2 Water-related infrastructure

Goal 2.1 By 2020, ensure the sustainable use and protection of water resources


TARGETS

Objective 2.1.1

Connect houses to sewerage systems,using supported technical procedures,rather than septic tanks in order toreduce pollution

Financial resources for the building andrehabilitation of sewerage systems arelimited.

• Pumps provided to connect 50 households to a sewerage system. • Groundwater pollution caused byseptic tanks reduced.

Objective 2.1.2

Establish an early warning system tosafeguard the quality of existing watersupply, develop a system formonitoring water treatment, andprovide digital water testing kits bythe year 2018

Municipality staff have low capabilitiesin the field of water quality monitoring.

Increased water security and promptresponses to the causes of pollution.

Objective 2.1.3Install proper infrastructure forcollecting rainwater from urbanbuildings by the year 2018

Lack of financial support and lack ofknowledge of well construction (rainfallcollection).

Poor areas with high populationdensity supported.

Objective 2.1.4

Establish a unit in the municipality forthe planning and management ofmonitoring and implementation, andto deal with feedback from the public

• There is a lack of comprehensiveurban planning practices at themunicipal level, particularly in the fieldof water and wastewater infrastructureplanning. • The municipality has limitedresponsibilities in water resourcesplanning and management.

One planning unit established in AjlounMunicipality in cooperation withstakeholders and directorates.

Action theme 3 Water availability

Goal 3.1 By 2019, ensure the protection of water resources and reduce water losses


TARGETS

Objective 3.1.1

Develop new enforcement policies forbuilding regulations related to theconstruction of septic tanks at locallevel

There is a lack of up-to-date buildingregulations on septic tank constructionat local level.

New enforcement policies for efficientwater use at local level developed by2019.

Objective 3.1.2 Develop new enforcement policies inrelation to water theft

About 34% of water used is stolen.New enforcement policies and thetechnical monitoring of water theftintroduced by 2019.

Objective 3.1.3

Develop comprehensive strategies,including management andprotection, for six water resources by2019

Some temporary water springs, such asAyn Kontara and Tayes, are poorlydeveloped and managed.

Temporary water resources developedand quality secured by 2019.

Objective 3.1.4

Establish a database unit in themunicipality dealing with data atmunicipality and governorate levelby 2018

There is a shortage of specific data andthe cost of research is high.

A database unit for researchestablished by 2019.

35

LOCAL W


Annex 6: Identification of actions

Country Jordan

Name of LSG unit Ajloun Municipality

LWS vision statement My water. My health. My life. Sustainable water to sustain generations.

No. Action

Description of action(including listof activities)

Experience with thistype of action to date

General suitability forproblem solving Relevant

location(s)(if applicable)Already

beingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)

Effects onproblem(s)/risk reduction

Action theme 1 Efficient use of water

Goal 1.1 By 2020, increase the awareness of households on water efficiency and the proper use of water resources

Objective 1.1.1 Empower the population by providing adequate information and/or training on grey water use for at least one-third ofhouseholds by 2018

1.1.1.1

Developing oftechnicalspecifications forgrey water reuseand rainwaterharvesting

Starting in 2016, the Municipalityof Ajloun will develop and makeavailable to households detailedguidelines on water harvestingand the recycling and reuse ofnon-potable water, including, asa minimum: bores, rainwatertanks, storm water and greywater; the purchasing andtransportation of recycled water;and managed aquiferrecharging. Technicalspecifications will include (butwill not be limited to):• design and construction

requirements for grey waterand rainwater collection andstorage equipment;

• methodology for assessingsupply and demand;

• requirements for installations;• testing, operation and

maintenance requirements;• requirements for sampling,

monitoring, flowmanagement and recordkeeping;

• safety precautions; and• recommended education and

training on the proper use ofgrey water treatmentsystems.

No No

Householdsdo not haveadequateinformationand/ortraining ongrey waterreuse andpossiblebenefits forthecommunity.

Householdslack adequateknowledgeabout waterharvestingpractices,which leadsto theneglecting ofwaterharvesting.

Information ongrey water useand the benefitsof waterconservationshould besystemised,processed andprovided tocitizens in anappropriate andunderstandableform. Thedevelopment ofclear technicalspecifications andguidelines forwaterconservation andgrey water usewill facilitate theprovision of thenecessaryinformation andform a solid basisfor the localeducation andoutreachprogramme.

36LOCAL W


No. Action





beingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


1.1.1.2

Developing andimplementingwater conservationand grey water useeducation andoutreachprogrammes

In 2017, the municipality, in closeassociation with regionalauthorities, user organisationsand NGOs, will initiate a greywater use education andoutreach programme thatreflects local values andcharacteristics andcommunicates the long-termbenefits of conservation andgrey water use for Ajloun. Theprogramme will include: • the development of

educational materials relatedto water conservation andgrey water use (benefits,technical issues, proper useand safety measures etc.) andtheir distribution through thewater service provider’snetwork;

• the organisation of up to fiveworkshops;

• the development ofinformation materials foradults, for distributionthrough local media; and

• the organisation of trainingfor teachers fromkindergarten to high-schoollevel on water conservationand grey water use.

No No

Householdsdo not haveadequateinformationand/ortraining ongrey waterreuse and itspossiblebenefits forthecommunity.

This action will bea direct responseto the needs ofcitizens, aselaborated in thepublic opinionsurvey, and willcontribute toproblem solving.

1.1.1.3

Developing andimplementingpublic awarenesscampaigns on waterconservation andgrey water use

In 2017, the Municipality ofAjloun will develop a set ofspecific tools for raising publicawareness and increasingunderstanding of waterconservation and grey wateruse. This includes, but is notlimited to:• creating an interactive and

informative website;• using water bills as a first-line

educational tool;• organising and promoting

special events such asconservation fairs orworkshops; and

• making public serviceannouncements and givingradio/TV/audio-visualpresentations.

No No

Households do not haveadequateinformationand/ortraining ongrey waterreuse and itspossiblebenefits forthecommunity.

The publicawarenesscampaign willensure thatcitizens haveeasier and moreeffective access togeneralinformation aboutlocal waterresources, andabout theimportance ofwaterconservation andthe generalenvironmental,economic andregulatorybenefitsassociated withconservationpractices etc.

37

LOCAL W


No. Action





beingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Objective 1.1.2 Empower the population by providing adequate information and/or training on water efficiency and water harvesting for at least one-third of households by 2018

1.1.2.1

Developing andelaborating a localwater harvestingpolicy

The municipality, in closeassociation with regionalauthorities, user organisationsand NGOs, will formulate andmake transparent a clear localpolicy regarding surface waterharvesting, primarily throughthe application of improvedtraditional rainwater harvestingtechniques. Special attentionwill be given to: • soil conservation measures in

the catchments of existingand future reservoirs;

• the standardisation ofplanning and design normsfor rainwater harvesting forvarious end users;

• surface treatment technology(mechanical and chemical);

• the minimisation ofevaporation losses;

• the preparation oftanks/reservoirs to minimiseseepage losses;

• domestic roof-top rainwaterharvesting for drinking water;and

• the use of local materials tomake storage tanks/ cisterns.

In theframework ofthe project“Conservationand SustainableUse of Dry-LandAgro-biodiversityin Jordan 1999–2004”, asocioeconomicsurvey andpublicawarenesscampaign werecarried out andwaterharvestinginfrastructurewas installed.

No


Traditional waterharvestingsystems are notonly relevanttoday, but arenecessary and insome cases vital.However, the useof traditionalsystems shouldbe based on aclear local policythat is availableand transparentto the localpopulation.

38LOCAL W


No. Action





beingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


1.1.2.2

Implementingpublic awarenesscampaigns forhousewives onrainwaterharvesting

In order to promote initiatives toreduce community waterconsumption throughcommunity educationprogrammes and strategicpartnerships with educationalproviders, water authorities,national and regionalgovernments and communitygroups, during 2017 and the firsthalf of 2018 the LocalDevelopment Unit of themunicipality will organise andfacilitate public awarenesscampaigns on rainwaterharvesting, targetinghousewives. The campaign willinclude:• research on the most

appropriate water harvestingtechnology for AjlounMunicipality, including acost–benefit analysis;

• the provision of information tothe community via theprinting and distribution of atleast 1,000 leaflets on topicssuch as the financial savingsthat can be made by waterconservation and waterharvesting in particular; and

• the organisation andimplementation of trainingfor households (at least 500 housewives trained).

No


The involvementof local people isessential for thesuccess of thisaction, as it callsfor themaintenance ofthe system in away that isconsistent withhygieneconditions(especially withrespect todrinking water),as well aschanges in socialhabits. A publicawarenesscampaign willdirectly supporthouseholds byimproving theirknowledgethrough trainingand otherknowledgetransfertechniques. It isexpected thatlocal research intobest practices forwater harvestingwill highlight themost appropriaterainwaterharvestingmethods forAjloun, thuscontributingdirectly to betteracceptanceamong thepopulation.

39

LOCAL W


No. Action





beingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


1.1.2.3

Implementingeducationalcampaigns foryoung people onwater useefficiency andwater harvesting

From the second half of 2016,the municipality, together withlocal schools and universities,will implement educationalcampaigns targeted at studentsto bring about behaviouralchange and promote waterharvesting, with the aim ofreducing surface water andgroundwater consumption. Theeducational campaign willinclude the following activities:• Together with the university,

the municipality’s Office forEconomic Development willoffer basic watermanagement training for atleast 500 pupils in schools andcolleges.

• The municipality will supportthe university in incorporatingeducation on water efficiencyand water harvesting intoprogrammes for newstudents.

Although someefforts arebeing made inthe field ofwater efficiencyeducation atboth collegeand universitylevel, there isstill no systemiceducationscheme inplace.

No

Young peopledo not haveadequateinformationand/ortraining ongrey waterreuse and itspossiblebenefits forthecommunity.

Young peoplelack adequateknowledgeabout waterharvestingpractices,which leads tothe neglectingof waterharvesting.

The involvementof young peopleis essential inorder to create asolid basis for thelocal educationand outreachprogramme.There are around17,500 students inAjloun (accordingto the Directorateof Education), andincreasing theirknowledge aboutwater useefficiency andwater harvestingis vital in order toimprove wateruse efficiency inhouseholds in thefuture as a resultof changebehaviour.

40LOCAL W


No. Action





beingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


1.1.2.4

Providing trainingon local waterharvesting policyand waterharvestingtechniques forirrigation purposes

In partnership with regionalauthorities, and with the directinvolvement of civil societyorganisations, the Municipalityof Ajloun will offer a trainingprogramme on local waterharvesting policy and waterharvesting techniques forirrigation purposes, targetingrural and remote communities.Ten regional trainings will beorganised in AjlounGovernorate.

No No

Farmers andhouseholdslack adequateknowledgeabout waterharvestingpractices,which leadsto theneglecting ofwaterharvesting.

The NationalWater Strategy2016–2025 statesthat “...alternativetechnologies suchas rainwaterharvesting forenhancingirrigation watersupply will bepromoted”. Thiscapacity-buildingaction willsignificantlyimprove theknowledge oflocal farmers andwill improve on-farm irrigationefficiency in orderto maximiseagriculturaloutput.

Households andfarmers fromlocalcommunitieswith thegreatest needfor training arethose that havefarms or gardenswith cropsrequiringirrigation, suchas in Safa andRawaby regions.

1.1.2.5

Introducingincentive schemesfor retrofittinghouses with waterharvestingtechnologies

The Municipality of Ajloun willinvestigate options for theintroduction of incentiveschemes to encouragehouseholders to retrofit theirhouses with water harvestingtechnologies.

No No


Retrofittingprogrammes area way to enablecustomers tomake permanentchanges that canimpact theamount of waterthey use forparticularpurposes.

41

LOCAL W


No. Action





beingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Objective 1.1.3 Increase the awareness of municipal employees on water efficiency and efficient water harvesting practices by 2017

1.1.3.1Designating a waterconservationcoordinator

The Municipality of Ajloun willdesignate a municipal waterconservation coordinator, eitherby appointing a new employee,or by assigning to an existingmunicipal officer the task ofcoordinating efforts to ensurethat citizens and customers arereceiving accurate andconsistent messages andinformation.

No No

There is lowcapabilityamongmunicipalstaff formonitoringwater quality.

Coordinating aneducation andoutreachprogramme andcampaigns can bechallenging andtime-consuming.Currently, therelated tasks areshared betweenthe municipality,the governorateand serviceproviders, andsometimes thedivision ofresponsibilities isnot clear.Assigning thesetasks to a waterconservationcoordinator willimprove the flowof informationand data onwaterconservation(including bothgrey water useand waterharvesting).

42LOCAL W


No. Action





beingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


1.1.3.2.

Providing trainingon water useefficiency andefficient waterharvesting practicesfor municipalemployees

The municipality, in partnershipwith the regional authorities,will create and implement in2017 training curricula on waterefficiency and efficient waterharvesting practices formunicipal employees. Theprogramme will include four on-the-job trainings and will coverissues such as water efficiencyin municipal buildings andfacilities that are under thedirect responsibility of themunicipality (data sampling andprocessing, monitoring,planning, implementation ofprojects etc.). In addition, thecurricula will encompassfacilitation skills for waterefficiency communication.

No No

There is lowcapabilityamongmunicipalstaff formonitoringwater quality.

The NationalWater Strategy2016–2025 statesthat “...there is agreat need fortechnicalexpertise in sectormanagement,includingmonitoring andevaluation, datamanagement andanalysis;engineering andapplied sciencesincludinghydrology andecology; thesocial sciences(economics,political science);law; and publicadministration”;and that “...thereis an urgent needto engage withmunicipalities/small towns andlocal utilities tostrengthenservice deliverycapacity, supportlocal economicdevelopment andfoster socialcohesion incommunities.”Efforts must bemade to offerprofessionalopportunities thatare sufficientlyattractive toretain sectorcapacity withinthe country. Theoverall goal is tohave stronginstitutions staffedby skilledprofessionals.

43

LOCAL W


No. Action





beingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Objective 1.1.4 Develop new enforcement policies for efficient water use at local level by 2019

1.1.4.1Adopting a waterconservationordinance

The municipality will developand adopt a general waterconservation ordinance by 2019.The ordinance will includeprimarily behavioural measures,such as limiting irrigation times,prohibiting the washing ofpaved surfaces, and controllingrunoff. In particular, theordinance will contain:• a description of the efforts

being made by the localgovernment and/or the utilityto save water in their ownoperations;

• a description of the ways inwhich the local government isconserving water and helpingcommunity members to savewater;

• a reflection of the stateoutdoor watering schedulerules/regulations or anyaltered schedule adopted bythe jurisdiction;

• guidelines for triggers thatdetermine water supplylevels;

• permanent water restrictionrequirements (limits onirrigation and/or wateringhours and duration;prevention of excessive waterflow or runoff; limits onwashing vehicles);

• obligation to fix leaks, breaksor faults; and

• penalties and violations.

Someordinancesalready exist.

Yes

There is a lackof properenforcementpolicies forefficientwater use atlocal level

The municipalityhas limitedresponsibilities inthe field of waterresourcesplanning andmanagement.

There is a lack ofcomprehensiveurban planningpractices at themunicipal level.

44LOCAL W


Country Jordan

Name of LSG unit Municipality of Ajloun

No. Action Title

Category

Main responsibleinstitution

Complexity of action

Costs

Nega

tive e

xter

nal

impa

cts

Infra

struc

ture

Capa

city b

uilding

Polic

y/go

vern

ance

Good

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

Time a

spec

ts of

plan

ning

and reali

satio

n

Technical/legal complexity

Acceptance by stakeholders

1.1.1.1

Developingtechnicalspecifications forgrey water reuseand rainwaterharvesting

x

Responsible: • Local Development Unit of

Ajloun Municipality

Partnership:• Ajloun Governorate Local

Development Unit • Yarmouk Water Company• Environment Directorate• Health Directorate• Jordanian Hashemite Fund

for Human Development

Shortterm

There are no legalbarriers to this action. The action includes theparticipation of expertswith a certain level oftechnical competence. Itis therefore necessary toestablish broaderpartnerships withresearch institutions andwater service providers.

In combination withother water efficiencyactions, it is notexpected to face non-acceptance fromstakeholders.

None

1.1.1.2

Developing andimplementingwaterconservation andgrey water useeducation andoutreachprogrammes

x

Responsible: • Water conservation

coordinator

Partnership:• Local Development Unit

of Ajloun Municipality• Ajloun Governorate Local

Development Unit• Yarmouk Water Company• Environment Directorate • Jordanian Hashemite Fund


Mediumterm

There are no legalbarriers to this action. As an action oriented toeducation and publicoutreach, it will requiresignificantcommunication skills onthe part of all involvedstakeholders. In thisregard, careful planningis crucial, as is theengagement ofcommunicationspecialists.

This is a no-regretaction.

None

1.1.1.3

Developing andimplementingpublic awarenesscampaigns onwaterconservation andgrey water use

x

Responsible:• Water conservation

coordinator

Partnership:• Local Development Unit of

Ajloun Municipality• Ajloun Governorate Local

Development Unit• Yarmouk Water Company• Environment Directorate • Jordanian Hashemite Fund


Longterm

There are no legalbarriers to this action. The action will requiresignificantcommunication skills onthe part of all involvedstakeholders. In thisregard, careful planningis crucial, as is theengagement ofcommunicationspecialists.


None

Annex 7: Specification of actions

45

LOCAL W


No. Action Title

Category



Costs

Nega

tive e

xter

nal

impa

cts

Infra

struc

ture

Capa

city b

uilding

Polic

y/go

vern

ance

Good

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

Time a

spec

ts of

plan

ning

and reali

satio

n



1.1.2.1

Developing andelaborating alocal waterharvesting policy

x


Ajloun Municipality.

Partnership: • Ajloun Governorate Local

Development Unit • Yarmouk Water Company• Environment Directorate • Health Directorate

Longterm

There are no legalbarriers to this action. The action includes theparticipation of expertswith a certain level oftechnical competence. Itis therefore necessary toestablish broaderpartnerships withresearch institutions andwater service providers.

In combination withother water efficiencyactions, it is notexpected to face non-acceptance fromstakeholders

1.1.2.2

Implementingpublic awarenesscampaigns forhousewives onrainwaterharvesting

x


coordinator



Development Unit• Yarmouk Water Company• Jordanian Hashemite Fund


Longterm



None

1.1.2.3

Implementingeducationalcampaigns foryoung people onwater efficiencyand waterharvesting

x


coordinator




for Human Development• Health Directorate

Mediumterm

There are no legalbarriers to this action. The action will requiresignificantcommunication skills onthe part of all involvedstakeholders. In thisregard, careful planningis crucial, as is theengagement ofcommunicationspecialists


None

46LOCAL W


No. Action Title

Category



Costs

Nega

tive e

xter

nal

impa

cts

Infra

struc

ture

Capa

city b

uilding

Polic

y/go

vern

ance

Good

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

Time a

spec

ts of

plan

ning

and reali

satio

n



1.1.2.4

Providingtraining on localwater harvestingpolicy and waterharvestingtechniques forirrigationpurposes

x


coordinator

Partnership:• Local Development unit of



for Human Development• Agriculture Directorate

Mediumterm



None

1.1.2.5

Introducingincentiveschemes forretrofittinghouses withwater harvestingtechnologies

x


coordinator

Partnership:• Local Ddevelopment Unit

of Ajloun Municipality• Ajloun Governorate Local



Mediumterm



None

1.1.3.1

Designating awaterconservationcoordinator

x

Responsible:- Ajloun Municipality


Development Unit • Yarmouk Water Company• Health Directorate• Environment Directorate• Jordanian Hashemite Fund

for Human Development• Local Development Unit of

Greater AjlounMunicipality

Shortterm


None

47

LOCAL W


No. Action Title

Category



Costs

Nega

tive e

xter

nal

impa

cts

Infra

struc

ture

Capa

city b

uilding

Polic

y/go

vern

ance

Good

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

Time a

spec

ts of

plan

ning

and reali

satio

n



1.1.3.2

Providingtraining onwater useefficiency andefficient waterharvestingpractices formunicipalemployees

x


coordinator




for Human Development• Environment Directorate

Mediumterm



None

1.1.4.1

Adopting awaterconservationordinance

x


Ajloun Municipality.


Development Unit • Yarmouk Water Company• Health Directorate• Environment Directorate• Jordanian Hashemite Fund


Mediumterm



None

48LOCAL W


Weightingfactor ofcriterion

CRITERIA

Overallpriority

Priority rank

Costs Feasibility EffectivenessAvailability of

resourcesUrgency Coverage Acceptance

0.2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.3 0.1

SUM = 1

ACTION

Developingtechnicalspecificationsfor grey waterreuse andrainwaterharvesting

3 2 2 1 3 3 3 2.75 High

Developing andimplementingwaterconservationand grey wateruse educationand outreachprogrammes

2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1.95 Medium

Developing andimplementingpublicawarenesscampaigns onwaterconservationand grey wateruse

2 2 1 2 1 2 3 1.80 Medium

Developing andelaborating alocal waterharvestingpolicy

3 1 2 1 3 3 2 2.60 High

Implementingpublicawarenesscampaigns forhousewives onrainwaterharvesting

2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1.65 Medium

Implementingeducationalcampaigns foryoung peopleon waterefficiency andwaterharvesting

2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1.50 Medium

Annex 8: Prioritisation of actions

49

LOCAL W


Weightingfactor ofcriterion

CRITERIA

Overallpriority

Priority rank

Costs Feasibility EffectivenessAvailability of

resourcesUrgency Coverage Acceptance

0.2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.3 0.1

SUM = 1

ACTION

Providingtraining onlocal waterharvestingpolicy andwaterharvestingtechniques forirrigationpurposes

2 3 2 1 1 2 1 1.70 Medium

Introducingincentiveschemes forretrofittinghouses withwaterharvestingtechnologies

1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1.40 Medium

Designating awaterconservationcoordinator

3 2 3 1 3 3 2 2.75 High

Providingtraining onwater useefficiency andefficient waterharvestingpractices formunicipalemployees

2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1.55 Medium

Adopting awaterconservationordinance

3 3 3 2 3 3 1 2.75 High

50LOCAL W


Annex 9: Synthesis of objectives

OBJECTIVE Empower the population by providing adequate information and/or training on grey water use for at least one-third ofhouseholds by 2018

DESCRIPTION AND RATIONALE

Grey water is untreated household wastewater that has not come into contact with sewage. It generally refers to thewastewater generated from household uses such as bathing and washing clothes, as distinct from the more heavilycontaminated “black water” from toilets. It is of higher quality than black water because of its low level of contamination andhigher potential for reuse. When grey water is reused either on-site or nearby, it has the potential to reduce the demand fornew water supply, reduce the energy and carbon footprint of water services, and meet a wide range of social and economicneeds. Grey water reuse, therefore, has the multiple benefits of providing additional water supply, reducing wastewaterdisposal costs, and reducing pollution.Jordan passed a standard in 2006 regarding grey water reuse in rural areas. The National Water Strategy 2016–2025 builds onthe vision that, by 2025, Jordan will achieve the more efficient and productive use of water. The Ministry of Water andIrrigation will therefore initiate and coordinate the development of a unified policy framework on sanitation, around which allgovernment and other relevant entities can develop appropriate and harmonised approaches and inputs. As domestic wateruse is predominantly controlled by women, the National Water Strategy insists on targeting women and girls in awarenessand education campaigns and establishes mechanisms specifically targeted at women to encourage, promote and facilitatetheir engagement and participation in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) activities.A major barrier to the implementation of grey water reuse is the public perception that it is unsafe or unhealthy, and the moregeneral aversion to the idea of reusing wastewater. However, some studies have revealed that public acceptance of grey waterreuse for certain activities can be higher when the population are supplied with adequate information and/or training. Peoplemay raise four important questions regarding grey water reuse: acceptability with regard to religious and cultural values;affordability and financial benefits; difficulty; and ability to improve access to water of sufficient quality and quantity. Thishighlights the need for a participatory approach to the development of grey water reuse technologies, so that the needs andconcerns of the users are addressed.The results of the 2015/2016 public opinion assessment in Ajloun suggest that almost half the population lacks any informationrelated to water plans and programmes, including 60 percent who have never received information related to water quality.As a result, 88 percent of households do not undertake any water saving and water efficiency measures at home. In thiscontext, education and awareness-raising campaigns play a critical role in building public knowledge of and support for newwater solutions in Ajloun. A key strategy to building public acceptance is working directly with affected communities indesigning, developing and implementing solutions. In addition, using the media as a channel to convey messages about theimportance of grey water reuse can be an effective way to upscale education and awareness efforts. Greater awareness of itspotential benefits and cost effectiveness will contribute to the expansion of responsible grey water use. This type of publicoutreach should be accompanied by new local policies on grey water use.

ENVISAGED ACTIONS

Developing technical specifications for grey water reuse and rainwater harvesting

Developing and implementing water conservation and grey water use education and outreach programmes

Developing and implementing public awareness campaigns on water conservation and grey water use

BENEFICIARIES AND RECIPIENTS

The envisaged activities will target at least one-third of Ajloun households by 2018. Special emphasis will be placed onwomen, as they typically play a vital role in the success of grey water projects, especially in the Middle East, as they are incharge of water management at household level and are not employed outside the home. Activities will further empowerpoor people living in rural areas and Syrian refugees. In addition, the envisaged activities will be developed in order toinfluence a wider audience — ultimately the entire population — through the development of local policies and standards forgrey water use and media campaigns.

INDICATOR UNIT BASELINE TARGET DATA SOURCE

Percentage of municipalwastewater safely reused

% X % X %National water statistics preparedfor UN-Water/GEMI report

Rate of households that practisewater saving and waterefficiency measures at home

% 12% 33% Public opinion assessment

51

LOCAL W


OBJECTIVE Empower the population by providing adequate information and/or training on water efficiency and water harvesting for atleast one-third of households by 2018


Water harvesting comprises a wide range of technologies used to collect, store and provide water with the particular aim ofmeeting demand for water for human activities. There is strong evidence to support the view that the proper developmentand use of water harvesting systems can regenerate ecosystem productivity and prevent the degradation of ecosystemservices by soil erosion and flooding; improve environmental flows by increasing base flow where groundwater is recharged;act as an entry point to improve agricultural production, regenerate degraded landscapes and supply water for smallhorticulture and livestock; and improve incomes and food security.In Jordan, roof-top harvesting is currently being practised for drinking water, domestic use, livestock and garden irrigation.Rainwater harvesting is an attractive option for increasing available water resources in Ajloun, where average rainfall is 582 mm per year. However, recent studies suggest that harvested water tends to be heavily polluted and unsuitable fordrinking purposes, although still of good enough quality for irrigation. Moreover, the results of the 2015/2016 public opinionassessment in Ajloun suggest that almost half the population lacks any information related to water plans and programmes,including 60 percent that have never received information related to water quality.Public awareness has an important role in the management of collected rainwater. Education, training and financial supportare needed in order to encourage people to consider the importance and quality of collected water. To ensure the sustainableimplementation of rainwater harvesting in both urban areas and the rural community, it is therefore crucial to engagestakeholders in Ajloun in the protection and improvement of water quality and the sustainable implementation of rainwaterharvesting through public awareness and behavioural change activities.

ENVISAGED ACTIONS

Developing and elaborating a local water harvesting policy

Implementing public awareness campaigns for housewives on rainwater harvesting

Implementing educational campaigns for young people on water efficiency and water harvesting

Providing training on local water harvesting policy and water harvesting techniques for irrigation purposes

Introducing incentive schemes for retrofitting houses with water harvesting technologies


Different stakeholder groups will be targeted by the envisaged actions. The final beneficiaries are Ajloun households, primarilythose in deprived communities with a limited water supply and sanitation facilities. Interventions will target women, due totheir traditional role in household water harvesting and their increasing involvement in managing small-scale irrigationprojects. Taking into account the importance of water harvesting for irrigated agriculture, interventions will also target farmersand households in rural areas. Specific activities will also be developed targeting young people, with an emphasis onbehavioural and cultural change.


Rate of households practisingwater saving and waterefficiency measures at home


Rainwater usage compared todemand (amount of collectedrainwater as a percentage ofactual water demand)

% XX% XX% Local water balance sheet

52LOCAL W


OBJECTIVE Increase the awareness of municipal employees on water efficiency and efficient water harvesting practices by 2017


Water harvesting comprises a wide range of technologies used to collect, store and provide water with the particular aim ofmeeting demand for water for human activities. There is strong evidence to support the view that the proper development anduse of water harvesting systems can regenerate ecosystem productivity and prevent the degradation of ecosystem services bysoil erosion and flooding; improve environmental flows by increasing base flow where groundwater is recharged; act as an entrypoint to improve agricultural production, regenerate degraded landscapes and supply water for small horticulture and livestock;and improve incomes and food security.In Jordan, roof-top harvesting is currently being practised for drinking water, domestic use, livestock and garden irrigation.Rainwater harvesting is an attractive option for increasing available water resources in Ajloun, where average rainfall is 582 mmper year. However, recent studies suggest that harvested water tends to be heavily polluted and unsuitable for drinkingpurposes, although still of good enough quality for irrigation. Moreover, the results of the 2015/2016 public opinion assessmentin Ajloun suggest that almost half the population lacks any information related to water plans and programmes, including 60percent that have never received information related to water quality.Municipality employees in the technical and environmental departments will be trained and their awareness of water useefficiency and efficient water harvesting practices will be raised in order to create an integrated framework from the initial stepsof building design and construction, to the provision of services and monitoring and evaluation. The aim is to improve waterquality and achieve the sustainable implementation of rainwater harvesting through public awareness and behavioural changeactivities.

ENVISAGED ACTIONS Designating a water conservation coordinator

Providing training on water use efficiency and efficient water harvesting practices for municipal employees


The envisaged actions will target different stakeholder groups. The final beneficiaries are Ajloun households, primarily thosein deprived communities with a limited water supply and sanitation facilities. Interventions will target the citizens of AjlounMunicipality, given their traditional role in monitoring the application of water harvesting techniques during construction andin household water harvesting, and their increasing involvement in management, to monitor that all steps have been fulfilled.


Rate of households that practisewater saving and waterefficiency measures at home


Rainwater usage againstdemand (amount of collectedrainwater as a percentage ofactual water demand)

% XX% XX% Local water balance sheet

R. Laušević, S. Milutinović, J. Petersen-Perlman, M. Reed, A. Graves, M. Bartula, S. Sušić, A. Popović(2016). Local Water Security Action Planning Manual.Szentendre, Hungary: Regional Environmental Center. ISBN 978-963-9638-69-3.http://documents.rec.org/publications/LWSAP_Manual_April2016.pdf

References

LOCAL W


LOCAL W


watersum.rec.org

Documents

Local Water Security Action Plan - REC Publicationsdocuments.rec.org/publications/1Jordan_Ajloun.pdfThe local water security action plan (LWSAP) for Ajloun Municipality was developed