LOCAL GOVERNMENT BARANGAY LEVEL …alterplan.org.ph/documents/Monograph.pdf · LOCAL GOVERNMENT BARANGAY LEVEL ... MEASURING GOAL 7 TARGET 11 OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT ... Reduce

EU - SPF ALTERPLAN Quezon City

Marikina City LOCAL GOVERNMENT BARANGAY LEVEL MONITORING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: MEASURING GOAL 7 TARGET 11 OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS PROJECT AND STUDY RESULTS Ma. Lourdes G. Rebullida, DPA Arch. Sarah D. Redoblado

LOCAL GOVERNMENT BARANGAY LEVEL MONITORING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: MEASURING TARGET 11 OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

PROJECT AND STUDY RESULTS Ma. Lourdes G. Rebullida, DPA Arch. Sarah D. Redoblado

BARANGAY MONITORING MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL 7:11 PROJECT AND STUDY RESULTS

PROJECT TEAM

Project Director Ma. Lourdes G. Rebullida, DPA

Project Coordinator

Arch. Sarah D. Redoblado

Research Team Rose Marinette B. Gozum (Team Leader)

Glenda B. Caspillo Lyndon Eric M. Serrano

Jonil B. Añonuevo

MIS-GIS Team Herbert T. Narisma (Team Leader)

Alfredo B. Guab, Jr. II Etienne Cote

Debie Magalong-Ramos

Editorial and Lay-out Team Joy Cabrillos

Jonil B. Añonuevo

Administrative Support Staff Marilyn Paz

Veronica Serrano

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

To the LGUs of Quezon City headed by Mayor Feliciano Belmonte, and Marikina City headed by Mayor Ma. Lourdes C. Fernando, for showing true partnership and transparency throughout the project;

Bgy. Holy Spirit led by Bgy. Capt. Felicito Valmocina, Bgy. Baesa led by Bgy. Capt. Bayani Aquino, Bgy. Fortune led by Bgy. Capt. Willie Perez and Bgy. Marikina Heights led by Bgy. Capt. Raul Taytayan, for opening up their communities to the project;

Fem Honorio and Imelda Biron for their contributions to the project; And the EC delegation in the Philippines, especially Virginie LaFleur Tighe, Maria Sindico, Thelma Gecolea, Frank Hess, and

Ambassadors Jan de Kok and Alistair MacDonald for being so accessible and supportive.

PUBLISHED BY

Alternative Planning Initiatives (ALTERPLAN) Room 307 Bencom Building, 146 West Avenue

Quezon City, Philippines 1104 63 2 9269082 / 63 2 4487287

www.alterplan.org.ph May 2007

http://www.alterplan.org.ph/

Ma. Lourdes G. Rebullida, DPA et al

TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF CHARTS LIST OF ACRONYMS

INTRODUCTION 1

PART 1 Survey Design and Process 8 Pilot Cities and Barangays: Computation and Allocation of Sample Size 8 Random Sampling and Proportional Allocation 8 PART 2 SURVEY RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS: THE 2007 BASELINE

DATA ON THE MDG 7:11

10 Global Standards and Locally Relevant Indicators 10 Barangay Profiles on the Indicators 10 Marikina City - Barangay Fortune 12 Marikina City - Barangay Marikina Heights 13 Quezon City - Barangay Baesa 14 Quezon City - Barangay Holy Spirit 15 Indicators by Gender Disaggregated Data 16 Barangay Fortune 18 Barangay Marikina Heights 19 Barangay Baesa 20 Barangay Holy Spirit 21 Measuring the Indicators: Components and Global Standards 22 Geographic Information Systems 27 PART 3 Local Planning and Sustainability of MDG Monitoring 29 Local Planning Exercise on the 2007 Baseline Data 29 Mandates and Rationalized Planning on the MDGs 29 Local Plan Components on MDG 7:11 29 Sustainability of the Action 30 Political Will 30 Multi-sectoral Support 31 PART 4 Summary and Conclusions 32 Localization of Global Commitment to the MDGs 32 Governance Qualities and Best Practices for the MDGs 32 Local Indicators 33 Survey Research Design, Framework, Methodology, Results 33 Contribution to Localization Process and Methodology 33 Replication and Sustainability 33 Speeches of the Partners at the Project Culminating Activity 34

Barangay Monitoring MDG 7:11 Project and Study Results 2007 List of Tables

Table 1

Marikina Sampling Size

Table 2 Quezon City Sampling Size Table 3 Sampling Profile Table 4.1 Barangay Profiles on MDG 7:11 Indicators Table 4.2 Barangay Profiles on Access to Other Services Table 4.3 Barangay Profiles on Access to Specific Services Table 5 Number and Proportion of Female-Headed Households and Male-Head Households to Total

Respondents Table 6 Gender Segregated Household Data: Summary by Indicators and Proportion to Total

Respondents Table 7.1

Proportion among Female Headed and Male Headed Households by Indicators – Barangay Fortune

Table 7.2

Proportion among Female Headed and Male Headed Households by Indicators – Barangay Marikina Heights

Table 7.3 Proportion among Female Headed and Male Headed Households by Indicators – Barangay Baesa

Table 7.4 Proportion among Female Headed and Male Headed Households by Indicators – Barangay Holy Spirit

Table 8.1 Access to Water Table 8.2 Access to Water: Components and Global Standards Table 9.1 Access to Sanitation Table 9.2 Access to Sanitation Components Table10.1 Security of Tenure Table 10.2 Security of Tenure Components Table 11.1 Durability of Housing Table 11.2 Durability of Housing Components Table 12.1 Sufficient Living Space Table 12.2 Sufficient Living Space Components Table 13.1 Environmental Management Table 13.2 Environmental Management Components Table 14 Perceived Priority Problems Ranking Table 15 Targets of Local Planning: Percentages of Households Inadequate on the Indicator

List of Figures

Figure 1 Operational Framework for Partnerships in Local Level Monitoring and Planning on MDGs: Goal 7 (environmental sustainability) Target 11 (improvement in the lives of slum dwellers)

Figure 2 Implementing Steps for Project Partners in Localizing and Monitoring MDGs (Goal 7 environmental sustainability Target 11 improvement in the lives of slum dwellers)

Figure 3 Geographic Map on the Indicator Security of Tenure in Fortune, Marikina City Figure 4 Geographic Map on the Indicator Security of Tenure in Marikina Heights, Marikina City Figure 5 Geographic Map on the Indicator Security of Tenure in Baesa, Quezon City Figure 6 Geographic Map on the Indicator Security of Tenure in Holy Spirit for Quezon City

Ma. Lourdes G. Rebullida, DPA et al List of Charts

Chart 1 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Marikina City - Barangay Fortune

Chart 2 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Marikina City - Barangay Marikina Heights

Chart 3 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Quezon City - Barangay Baesa

Chart 4 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Quezon City - Barangay Holy Spirit

Chart 5 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Marikina City - Barangay Fortune (Gender-segregated)

Chart 6 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Marikina City - Barangay Marikina Heights (Gender-segregated)

Chart 7 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Quezon City - Barangay Baesa (Gender-segregated)

Chart 8 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Quezon City - Barangay Holy Spirit (Gender-segregated)

Chart 9 Perceived Problems Marikina City Chart 10 Perceived Priority Problems Quezon City

List of Acronyms LGU Local Government Unit MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MDG 7:11 Millennium Development Goal 7 (Ensure Environmental Sustainability) Target 11

(Improvement in the lives of slum dwellers)

MIS Management Information System GIS Geographic Information System ALTERPLAN Alternative Planning Initiatives, Inc. EU European Union NGOs Non – Governmental Organizations DILG Department of Interior and Local Government TCT Transfer Certificate of Title CA Community Association CMP Community Mortgage Program


INTRODUCTION

PHILIPPINE COMMITMENT TO THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the articulations of eight major goals with corresponding targets and indicators to measure poverty eradication and sustainable development. The MDGs pursue the Millennium Declaration signed by member states at the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000. Localizing the MDGs in UN member states is a major undertaking of the UN Commission on Human Settlements - UN Habitat.

Localization of the MDGs is vital to measuring the targets and indicators at the ground level, and tracking these at the national and global levels.

Since the Philippines is a signatory to this global document, the localization of the MDGs helps in actualizing the country’s commitment and in attaining national progress on areas of human development. As in other countries, monitoring the MDGs in the Philippines, starting at the local level and aggregating at the national level, will enable the global community to track its progress and achievements by year 2020. MULTI - SECTORAL ACTION AND MDG 7:11 MONITORING

Responding to the global strategy of the multi - sectoral action for realizing the MDGs in the Philippines, partners ALTERPLAN and the Delegation of the European Commission to the Philippines launched in July 2006 the project “Local Government Barangay Level Monitoring System Development Measuring Goal 7 Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals.” It pursues the localization and monitoring of the MDGs, specifically Goal 7 (Ensure environmental sustainability) and Target 11 (Achieve significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020). This is referred to as MDG 7:11 (identified as Target 12 in the Philippine plan and progress report on the MDGs, NEDA 2003, 2005).

The partners responded to the MDGs global strategy of multi-sectoral action to localize and monitor Goal 7 environmental sustainability, Target 11 achieve significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020.

This project on the barangay level monitoring system on MDG 7:11 is referred to as the ACTION of the principal partners, the ALTERPLAN and the EC Delegation to the Philippines - Small Projects Facility. The project implementer, ALTERPLAN is a non-government organization (NGO) committed to working with community organizations and other non-profit groups in upgrading housing provision and neighborhood amenities, examining resettlements, planning and attaining land tenure. The Delegation of the European Commission to the Philippines supported the undertaking.

Partners in implementation are the Foundation for Integrative and Development Studies with the

cooperation of the UP Center for Integrative and Development Studies for the research, and the local government units of Marikina City, for the project sites of Barangay Fortune and Barangay Marikina Heights, and Quezon City, for the project sites of Barangay Baesa and Barangay Holy Spirit. The local government units have expressed commitment to sustain the MDG 7:11 monitoring system for local planning. THE MDGs and MDG 7:11

The MDGs have become the internationally accepted global development framework. Eight goals are quantifiable on the basis of targets and measurable indicators.1

1 United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), Guide to Monitoring Target 11 Improving the lives of 100

million slum dwellers, Progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, UN Habitat Global Observatory, Nairobi, May 2003. UN-HABITAT, Localising the Millennium Development Goals A guide for local authorities and partners, UN Habitat United Nations Human Development Programme, Nairobi, May 2006.

UN Habitat, Localising the Millennium Development Goals, UN Habitat Urban Development Branch, Nairobi, May 2006. United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Social Production of Habitat and the Millennium Development Goals

(MDG), A Tool to Raise Awareness on the Indicators of the Millennium Development Goals and to Promote Debate on Social Production of Habitat and Local Development, June 2006.

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Barangay Monitoring MDG 7:11 Project and Study Results 2007

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Goals Targets Goal 1 Eradicate extreme

poverty and hunger Target 1 - Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less than a dollar a day Target 2 - Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education

Target 3 - Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling

Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women

Target 4 - Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and at all levels by 2015

Goal 4 Reduce child mortality

Target 5 - Reduce by 2/3 the mortality rate among children under 5

Goal 5 Improve maternal health

Target 6 - Reduce by ¼ the maternal mortality ratio

Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Target 7 - Halt and begin to reverse the spread of AIDS Target 8 - Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability

Target 9 - Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse the loss of environmental resources Target 10 - Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water Target 11 - Achieve significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020

Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development

Target 12 – Develop further an open trading and financial system that is rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory, includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction — nationally and internationally Target 13 - Address the least developed countries special needs. This includes tariff- and quota-free access for their exports; enhanced debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries; cancellation of official bilateral debt and more generous official development assistance for countries committed to poverty reduction.

There are five global dimensions for MDG 7:11, namely: access to water, access to sanitation, security of tenure, durability of housing, and housing space. Indicators with specific measures or standards are assigned to each of these dimensions for quantification such that data across countries can be comparable on a common framework of analysis.

LOCALIZATION OF THE MDGs: FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY

The UN Habitat’s framework, methodology, and literature on MDG localization and monitoring -- including experiences in other countries -- initially guided the formulation of the project design and the construction of the survey instrument. The pre-tests and local setting contributed to the formulation of the operational framework for the partnership and local process as shown in Figure 1.

The Action, as implemented, followed the stages shown in Figure 2, which are:

• Stage 1: Engaging local government political will and partnerships • Stage 2: Capacity building of LGU human resources for MDG monitoring and local

planning; capacity building for the LGU Management Information System and Geographic Information System

• Stage 3: MDG Monitoring by Field Survey • Stage 4: Installation of software and hardware for the LGU MIS and GIS • Stage 5: Local planning and sustainability of MDG Monitoring

Localization refers to the processes at national and local levels by which the global goals, targets,

indicators and measures are accepted as locally relevant, as well as the formulation of additional locally relevant indicators and measures. In this project, the selection of locally relevant indicators is accomplished in Stage 2. The data sets and monitoring systems in relevant offices at the city and barangay levels, including the management information systems, were analyzed to determine common indicators and gaps. Participatory processes with the city and barangay heads of office and staff helped establish the locally relevant indicators for the project’s MDG 7:11 monitoring. The locally relevant indicators are constructed as elements of the questionnaire as the survey instrument, pre-tested and finalized for the monitoring.


Figure 1 Operational Framework for Partnerships in Local Level Monitoring and Planning on MDGs: Goal 7 (environmental sustainability) Target 11 (improvement in the lives of slum dwellers)

Commitment Policy Formulation, Planning,

Implementation, Monitoring

MDG Progress by 2020 Participatory Local Action Planning

• Forging the partnership

• Local government political will

Capacity Building and Participatory Process- Survey-Baseline Study

Local Action Planning on the MDG 7:11 baseline data (data analysis, draft local plan on priorities, projects/program, budgets, policy and staff requirements)

Local legislation and policy on local plan for MDG 7:11

• Legislation and policy issuances for partnership of local government units

• Memorandum of Agreement (signed

Local plan implementation

• Human resources for monitoring (knowledge, values, skills in conducting the survey)

• MIS (integration into local MIS)

• Monitoring System and Geographic Information System Installation

• Survey Data report generation

• GIS mapping of data

Monitoring on MDG 7:11 achievements

Replication

• Pre-Test • Field Survey (random

sampling of sample community associations and households)

• MIS assessment

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Figure 2 Implementing Steps for Project Partners in Localizing and Monitoring MDGs (Goal 7 environmental sustainability Target 11 improvement in the lives of slum dwellers)

• Consultations among partners on overall project design; funding by external organizations; equity or counterpart contribution of LGUs (personnel at least)

• Identification and commitment of key participating units, decision makers and staff; roles and responsibilities; organizing the MDG project team composed of heads of units; composite survey team consisting of personnel from the partner agencies

• Preparation of Memorandum of Agreement among partners at city and barangay level.

• Signing of MOA in project launching

Stage 1: Forging co-ownership and partnership for localizing and monitoring Goal 7 Target 11

• Conduct of capacity building workshops

1. Project orientation 2. Research methods 3. Monitoring system (Dev Info), identifying

local MDG 7:11 indicators, survey instrument construction

4. Pre-test and questionnaire validation 5. Field survey workplan • Capacity assessment for Management

Information and Geographic Information Systems; gap analysis

• Management consultations

Stage 2: Capacity building and participatory process

Stage 3: Participatory Field Survey

Monitoring on MDG • Verification, validation of data for

sampling • Sampling frames • Computation of sample size • Random sampling of sites • Pre-testing of questionnaire instrument • Data collection in random sample sites

Stage 4: Data Reporting and Analysis: summaries, tables, graphs, geographic information maps

• Data encoding: MS Access • Use of DevInfo data sets reporting:

tables, graphs, summaries, and geographic information maps

• Installation of Management Information System and Geographic Information System in the LGUs

Stage 5: Local Planning based on analysis and utilization of data sets; Implementation; Monitoring Progress on MDGs

• Local action planning exercise on the MDG data base, budget plan, policy requirements

• LGU Commitments: -Decision making and policy formulation on the action plan -Implementation and monitoring (periodic vis a vis baseline data)


PROJECT OBJECTIVES The partners’ project on barangay level monitoring in two pilot barangays in two cities aimed to support the attainment of the global and national commitments for the MDG 7:11 by taking action at the local level. Specifically, the project – also referred to as the Action – aimed to:

• Enhance local development planning and program implementation by improving barangay level capacities to monitor shelter and settlements development programs that contribute to improved quality of life for poor settlers.

• Provide the city level government with the local indicator setting and monitoring process and tools useful for aggregate data base information and geographic systems.

• Draw out the capacities of local decision makers and stakeholders for action planning, policy formulation, and program implementation that will contribute to attainment of the goals and targets at the local level.

PROJECT OUTCOMES AND GROUNDWORK FOR BEST PRACTICES

The Action achieved the following results: • Local officials in the pilot cities and barangays issued policy statements and entered into a

partnership with external organizations, officially in a Memorandum of Agreement, to conduct the MDG 7:11 monitoring.

• An MDG 7:11 project management team, composed of heads of designated units, was organized and it consistently participated in the project’s processes

• The survey team, composed of staff from the designated units, consistently took part in capacity building workshops and on-the-job field survey.

• A list of locally relevant indicators was generated. • A questionnaire instrument was developed by participatory processes, using locally acceptable

indicators for MDG 7:11 -- five global indicators as locally acceptable and additional two local indicators for holistic community development.

• A survey was conducted by local personnel from designated offices, along with the research team of the external organization, using the questionnaire, yielding baseline data for the first year of monitoring MDG 7:11

• The software was prepared for turnover to the local government units and for integration into the local management information system and geographic information system. It consisted of data sets, processed on the basis of global standards for the indicators as well as encoding templates and DevInfo for uploading the data sets into the global platform.

• Local planning exercise demonstrated the use of the data sets from the survey, including the graphs and tables generated, for situational analysis, priority setting, objective and target setting, and the need for resource and policy inputs.

• The local government units committed to sustain the Action by: o integrating the data sets into the LGU management information and geographic

information system o mobilizing the management and survey teams for local planning and plan

implementation; as well as coordination and leadership by the City Planning and Development Office and offices/units for housing and settlements, and maintenance of the monitoring system by the offices for housing or settlements, and management information system

o replicating in other barangays of the city o periodic monitoring (once at least in three years) o external linkages and partnerships

The project and the survey prepared the ground for “best practices” and enhanced the governance

qualities of the local government units for MDGs monitoring. Also, the publication of the manual entitled “Process Guide for MDG Localization and

Monitoring,” based on the project experiences, is intended for the local government units to replicate the monitoring in their barangays. Another product is this discursive monograph, “Local Government

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Barangay Level Monitoring System Development Measuring Goal 7 Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals (Project and Study Results),” for presentation of the project and survey data.

FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS OF SURVEY DATA

Global indicators were considered locally accepted if found to be in the existing data sets and monitoring systems at the city and barangay levels and affirmed by participants in participatory processes and capacity-building workshops.

Global standards for the MDGs, as quantifiable measures, were used to analyze Philippine data

from the sample barangays, such that these can be uploaded at the global level. These are:

• Access to water: affordability (water expense at less than 10% of income); sufficient quantity (at least 20 liters of water, per day, per person); effort and time (private connection to water system piped to dwelling); quality (underground connection of water pipe with clear and pure water)

• Access to sanitation: access to sanitary toilet (household has own flush/pour-flush toilet shared by no more than 2 families); sufficient sewerage system (connection to appropriate septic system (all concrete septic tank).

• Security of tenure: documents of secure tenure status for land and house, perception of protection from eviction (no possible eviction in next 5 years), community organizing/association (member of good standing); affordability (less than 30% of income for land and housing)

• Durability of housing: safe location, materials used are durable and not in need of major repairs, compliance with building codes and ordinances, disaster awareness and preparation.

• Sufficient living space: house and bedroom floor area are large enough for everybody to dispose at least 2 square meters per person and no more than four persons sleep in an open space; orderliness (space for movement in the house)

• Environmental management: solid waste disposal (composting and recycling), drainage system covered and not flooding.

• Access to services such as electricity/fuel; employment/livelihood opportunity; health, educational institution, market; transportation and road

The term “slums” is used in the discourse of the MDGs referring to a group of individuals living under the same roof that lack one or more of the five dimensions/indicators. However, in the Philippines, the terms “informal settlers” and “urban poor informal settlers” have been used instead of slum dwellers.

MANDATE FOR LOCAL PLANNING ON THE MDGs: USING THE DATASETS

National agencies pursue the Philippine commitment to the global community on the MDGs. DILG Memo Circular 2004-152 advocates the local governments’ use of its funds and resources for programs, projects, activities on the MDGs.

The national government has pursued its commitment to the global community through the National Economic and Development Authority and pertinent agencies to plan and track progress on the MDGs. The Department of Interior and Local Government even issued Memorandum Circular No. 2004-152 on Nov. 10, 2004 urging provincial governors, city and municipal mayors, DILG regional directors and other concerned persons and entities to use their funds and resources for attainment of the MDGs at the local levels. The

memorandum provided the guidelines, framework and methodology for localization of the MDGs, and for local government units to intensify efforts by increasing their budget allocations for programs, projects and activities in order to achieve the MDGs. The 1991 Local Government Code mandates the “promotion of public health and safety, enhancement of people’s right to a balanced ecology, enhancement of economic prosperity and social justice, promotion of full employment among the residents, maintenance of peace and order and preservation of the comfort and convenience of the inhabitants.” SUSTAINABILITY OF MONITORING

The Action of ALTERPLAN and the European Commission to initiate monitoring for MDG 7:11 is consistent with national and local policy frameworks and processes. At the end of the project for baseline year, the local government partners will receive software consisting of data sets, graphs and tables,


geographic maps, monitoring templates, DevInfo for the global platform, as well as hardware — one computer unit each for one lead office at city level and barangay level.

Local government partners have expressed commitment for integrating the data sets and

monitoring system into the LGU management information system, replicating the project in other barangays, conducting local planning, and implementing the plan. The same management and survey teams will be maintained, with coordination and leadership from the City Planning and Development office. The sustainability of the action in the pilot cities will be pursued by other interested non-government organizations and international fund organizations. The mayor and barangay captains and the council members have strategic roles in decision-making and wielding political will to continue the monitoring and use data for local planning and plan implementation until 2015.

MDGs LITERATURE Documentation and research focused on the MDGs cover the initiatives done in the UN member countries, but still quite thin over the last five years, though the literature on development indicators spans many decades. Among its materials, the UN Habitat’s “Localizing the Millennium Development Goals: A guide for local authorities and partners” (2006) is a resource on data from several countries on how the MDGs were pursued. Data from the City of Addis Ababa in 2005 showed the efforts to develop sectoral indicators to deliver efficient and effective services, covering health, education, housing, water, energy. From the South African Cities Network (2002), the methodology involved collation of key urban indicators from various sources, including censuses, national surveys, national government data bases and local authority data, which used as inputs for a range of strategic information tools. Bangalore in India started the surveys in 1994 and 1999 to measure citizen satisfaction. Country reports have been documented by the UN Habitat (Localizing the Millennium Development Goals), specifically on Morocco, Senegal, Sri Lanka, India, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, the Caribbean. These offer examples on the different ways by which MDGs localization can be done. The Philippine initiative in Naga City (2004) reported in the same sources demonstrated the MDGs localization through the “Partners in Development” Program. This was geared at empowering squatters and slum dwellers for security of tenure for shelter.

It is observed that research literature is inadequate on the issue of the MDGs as a global strategy for human development and sustainable development. Philippine research literature will be augmented by recent project and research reports on various aspects of the MDGs undertaken by civil society groups with support from the European Commission Delegation to the Philippines, and their partners, such as this one on the “Local Government Barangay Level Monitoring System Development on the MDG 7:11.

Related literature on development indicators over the years have focused on the spectrum of sectoral concerns such as health, environment, natural resources, education, and others; also related to governance indicators for development. However, the MDGs serve as the most recent global development framework to which the Philippines subscribes, and about which there is need for data, documentation and research.

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PART 1

SURVEY DESIGN AND PROCESS

PILOT CITIES AND BARANGAYS: COMPUTATION AND ALLOCATION OF SAMPLE SIZE

The pilot cities, Marikina City and Quezon City, have initiated housing programs for the informal settlers in their areas, as shown in the lists of housing sites and community associations available from the LGUs and national housing agencies. The cities maintain management information structures and systems, and several units coordinate programs on urban poor housing, settlements, subdivisions, and urban services.

Barangays Fortune and Marikina Heights in Marikina City and Barangays Baesa and Holy Spirit in Quezon City were selected as pilot sites on the basis of the number of informal settlers in relation to population and the number of housing projects for informal settlers on land title status (advanced, ongoing, new). In addition, barangay officials agreed to participate and sustain the project. Other barangays that were invited to replicate the project in their areas became participant observers.

Close to the computed sample size using a statistical formula, the project used the sample size of 10% of total number of households of informal settlers in housing sites for Marikina and 20% for Quezon City. (Tables 1 and 2).

Table 1 Marikina sampling size

Table 2 Quezon City sampling size

Quezon City sampling size Total number of households Bgy Baesa 1,294 Total number of households Bgy Holy Spirit 1,888 Total 3,182 Sample size at 20% of 3,182 = 636 Proportional allocation; Bgy Baesa 636 (1,294) = 259 survey sample size (3,182) Bgy Holy Spirit 636 (1,294) = 377 survey sample size

(3,182) Total number of households in Quezon City= 636

Marikina City sampling size Total number of households Bgy Fortune 5,212 Total number of households Bgy Marikina Heights 2,365 Total 7,577 Sample size at 10% of 7,577 = 758 Proportional allocation: Bgy Fortune 758 (5,212) = 521 survey sample size

(7,577) Bgy Marikina Heights 758 (2,365) = 237 survey sample size

(7,577) Total number of households in Marikina City = 758


Random Sampling and Proportional Allocation

Lists of community associations for each barangay were prepared and validated with the barangay and city levels and with the national housing agencies. In Marikina City, the lists had Bgy. Fortune with a total of 53 community associations and Bgy. Marikina Heights with 49 community associations, while Quezon City had Bgy. Baesa which has 10 community associations and Bgy. Holy Spirit with 21 community associations.

These were grouped by project types for the sampling frame, namely: CMP LGU originated, CMP non-LGU originated, Direct Sale, and under negotiation with owners. Grouping was again done on land title status (TCT), namely: advanced titling, mid-term ongoing titling, new projects, and uncertain status. Per barangay and per criteria on land titling status, the community associations were selected by random sampling, as shown in Table 3.

Per community association, proportional allocation for sample size or total number of households was computed. For example, one CA has 69 households. Using the formula for proportional allocation, the number of households to be surveyed in this community association is 14. If another community association has 154 households, the sample proportional sample size of target households is 30, and so on to complete the target sample size for community association. Table 3 shows the total target of households for all the random sample community associations.

For the next procedure, households to which the questionnaire instrument will be administered were identified by systematic random sampling, using a number to select from alphabetical lists of households-beneficiaries in the random sample community associations. Actual number of respondents came close to the target number or sample size of households, shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Sampling Profile

Sources: Lists of community associations per barangay, list of households-beneficiaries per community association in Marikina City and Quezon City

City Barangay No. of Community Associations

No. of Random Sample Community Associations

Target No. of Households

(all community associations)

Actual No. of Household Respondents

(all community associations)

Barangay Fortune 54 26 521 521 (100%) Marikina City

Barangay Marikina Heights

49 20 237 215 (91%)

Barangay Baesa 10 3 259 259 (100%) Quezon City

Barangay Holy Spirit

21 8 377 337 (89%)

Participants from designated offices of the city and barangays attended the capacity- building workshops and the survey. From the group of 51 workshop participants from Quezon City, 24 joined the survey. From Marikina’s 61 participants, 32 joined the survey. With the pre-tested and finalized questionnaire, the survey team reached the target number of households, 100% in Bgy. Fortune, 91% in Bgy. Marikina Heights, 100% in Bgy. Baesa and 89% Bgy. in Holy Spirit.

Data processing used the Microsoft Access and DevInfo for the MDGs linkage at the global platform. Data analysis applied the global standards for adequate and inadequate conditions, which measure or quantify the indicators and dimensions. Graphs and tables generated from the data sets provide the visual aids to see the condition of the barangays and community associations on the indicators.

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PART 2

SURVEY RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS: THE 2007 BASELINE DATA ON THE MDG 7:11

GLOBAL STANDARDS AND LOCALLY RELEVANT INDICATORS

The application of global standards on the survey responses resulted in the measurement of MDG 7:11 indicators in terms of the proportion of households in adequate and inadequate conditions, as well as those in need of improvement. Survey results for pilot sites in Marikina City and Quezon City are presented here in the following formats:

1. Summary table on four barangays on all indicators 2. Bar graphs per barangay on all indicators 3. Summary table on four barangays on gender disaggregated data on all indicators 4. Bar graphs per barangay on gender disaggregated data on all indicators 5. Tables per indicator and components on four barangays 6. Geographic maps on the indicators The household is the unit of analysis, represented by the head of household, whether male or

female, who stands as the official beneficiary of the housing program for informal settlers registered in the pilot cities of Marikina and Quezon City. The head of household is the preferred respondent to the questionnaire instrument, but in his absence, the spouse or any adult member of the household knowledgeable on the questionnaire items may stand in. The survey data are the responses from the random sample households in the random sample community associations of Barangay Fortune and Barangay Marikina Heights of Marikina City, and from Barangay Baesa and Barangay Holy Spirit of Quezon City.

Data processing and analysis are based on the frequency of responses and proportion of

households (in percentage) that are in adequate, need improvement, and inadequate conditions on each of the indicators of Goal 7 Target 11. Each indicator is quantitatively measured based on a set of components with corresponding global standards.

Data are presented in tables for barangay profiles on the indicators, for disaggregation by gender

for male-headed and female-headed households, and by components per indicator. Bar graphs are useful in calling the barangays’ attention to indicators that need interventions to

reduce and eliminate conditions of poverty and poor quality of life pertaining to environment and shelter, as stated in the MDG 7:11. The line across the bar chart at 0.0 marks the indicator at the global standards of its components taken altogether. The proportion of households above the bar line marks the number of households in condition of “adequacy” on the indicator. The proportion of households below the bar line are the households situated in conditions of “inadequacy,” with a proportion of households that “need improvement” on the indicator.

Data processing also yielded the profiles of community associations on the indicators. These can

help locate the areas within the barangay that need interventions according to the magnitude of households in “adequate,” “need improvement,” and “inadequate” conditions.

Also, the geographic maps based on the survey data locate the site of the households that are

adequate and inadequate on each of the indicators. These also help visualize the magnitude of the condition by area of coverage.

BARANGAY PROFILES ON THE INDICATORS For local planning, the survey data are useful in determining priorities, targets, programs, activities, including budget allocation. Local government and other stakeholders, such as non-government organizations, international fund and development organizations, can have evidence for decision-making, as funds and resources may have to be allocated judiciously among competing needs and priorities.


Table 4.1 below presents the summary data on four barangays on all the indicators of MDG 7:11. Table 4.2 presents the summary on four barangays on access to other services, and Table 4.3 on specific services. For decision-making, the local government and other stakeholders can focus on the proportion of households in areas that need improvement and are largely inadequate in order to have interventions that boost progress and achievement on the indicators according to global standards.

The data in these two tables are discussed by barangay with corresponding illustrative bar graphs.

Table 4.1 Barangay Profiles on MDG 7:11 Indicators

QUEZON CITY MARIKINA CITY

Baesa Holy Spirit Fortune Marikina Heights

MDG Goal 7 Target 11 Indicators

A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

Access to Water

29.7 5.2 65.1 18.6 2.4 79.0 26.9 10.3 62.8 19.7 6.1 74.2

Access to Sanitation

97.9 2.1 0.0 98.6 1.4 0.0 97.7 2.3 0.0 93.8 6.2 0.0

Security of Tenure

67.8 32.2 58.8 41.2 48.5 51.5 69.1 30.9

Durability of Housing

12.4 9.8 77.7 6.7 6.7 86.6 13.6 1.2 85.2 19.0 5.0 76.0

Sufficient Living Space

52.0 48.0 68.4 31.6 45.1 54.9 40.7 59.3

Environmental Management

17.6 72.4 10.0 1.8 22.2 76.0 17.1 36.2 46.7 19.2 35.8 45.1

Access to Other Services

0.0* 25.4** 74.6*** 0.0* 15.0** 84.9*** 1.8* 23.6** 74.6*** 2.6* 47.4** 50.0***

*Excellent; **High and Good; *** Medium and Poor Table 4.2 Barangay Profiles on Access to Other Services

Excellent

High

Good

Medium

Poor

Indicator G. ACCESS TO OTHER SERVICES

Number of

respondents % f % f % f % f % f

Quezon City Baesa 259 1.4 3 8.5 18 22.5 48 35.7 76 31.9 68 Holy Spirit 338 0.6 1 6.0 10 15.1 25 25.3 42 53.0 88 Marikina City Fortune 521 1.8 8 5.6 25 18.0 80 25.4 113 49.2 219 Marikina Heights 215 2.6 5 14.9 29 32.5 63 26.8 52 23.2 45

Legend: Excellent - All 7 services; High - 6 services; Good - 5 services; Medium - 4 services; Poor - 3 services

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Table 4.3 Barangay Profiles on Access to Specific Services

MARIKINA CITY QUEZON CITY

Barangay Fortune


Barangay Baesa


A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

Electricity/fuel

89.5

7.3

3.2

91.3

5.8

2.9

82.0

14.8

3.3

74.1

21.8

4.1

Employment/livelihood

41.2

58.8

62.2

37.8

50.0

50.0

45.8

54.2

Health Services

14.2

59.0

26.8

32.0

56.2

11.9

12.3

43.1

44.5

13.3

51.8

34.9

Educational Institution

23.3

76.7

90.7

9.3

93.9

6.1

50.0

50.0

Marketplace

70.5

29.5

75.8

24.2

100

0.0

97.6

2.4

Transportation And Road System

60.9

39.1

28.9

71.1

19.7

80.3

16.3

83.7

Peace and Order

77.3

22.7

71.1

28.9

59.0

41.0

59.8

40.2

Marikina City - Barangay Fortune

Access to water is adequate in only 26.9% households. There is need for improvement among

10.3%; while 62.8% households are inadequate in their access to water. Among the indicators, access to sanitation is achieved adequately in 97.7% households; only 2.3% need improvement, while no households or 0.0% are inadequate. On this baseline year of monitoring, Barangay Fortune already has a track record of high performance in access to sanitation. Yet, the “need improvement” percentage should still be given attention to achieve 100% of households compliant with global standards.

Less than half (48.5%) of households have security of tenure, but slightly more than half (51.5%) do

not have security of tenure for housing. Barangay Fortune has only 13.5% households with adequate condition on durability of housing. It

has minimal 1.2% households that need improvement, but a huge number or 85.2% of households with inadequate condition on durability of housing.

Less than half or 41.5% of households have sufficient living space while slightly more than half

(54.9%) have insufficient living space. On environmental management, 17.1% households are adequate, 36.2% need improvement, and

46.7% are inadequate because of poor drainage system. Access to other services refers to electricity and fuel, employment and livelihood opportunities,

health, education, markets, transportation and roads, peace and order. Access to these other services taken altogether is poor among 49.2% of households, though this is excellent among 1.8% households; high among 5.6%; good among 18.0%; and medium among 25.4%. On a three-point scale, only 1.8% households have adequate access to other services; 23.6% need improvement, and 74.6% have poor access to other services.

Majority (89.5%) of households in the barangay have private electricity connections and cook with

clean fuel (LPG, kerosene, electricity), while a small 7.3% need improvement and 3.2% are adequately situated with regard to power and cooking fuel. Slightly less than half of respondents (41.2%) find employment and livelihood opportunities in the barangay to be adequate, but more than half of households (58.8%) said these are inadequate. Health services are adequate for 14.2% households, need improvement for 59.0% of households, but inadequate as far as 26.8% households are concerned. Educational institutions are adequate among 23.3% households but inadequate for the large 76.7% of households. Majority (70.5%) find adequate the presence of the market place, though for 29.5% this is inadequate. Transportation and road system is adequate for 60.9% households but inadequate according to 39.1%.


There is adequate peace and order according to the majority (77.3%); but still inadequate according to 22.7%.

On perceived problems among the households, ranked first is livelihood (22.0%), followed by

housing (19.9%). Third is education (14.7%), fourth is health services (12.8%), fifth is peace and order (9.5%), sixth is water (8.9%), seventh is electricity (6.8%), and eighth is sanitary toilet (5.3%).

Chart 1 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Marikina City -

Barangay Fortune Marikina City - Barangay Marikina Heights

Access to water is still inadequate for 74.2% households. A few 19.7% find it adequate and only

6.1% need improvement on this indicator. Access to sanitation has a high percentage of households with adequate conditions (93.8%). In

this 2007 baseline year of monitoring, this indicator has a high performance in the barangay. There is a small 6.2% of households that still need improvement. It is significant that no households, 0.0%, find this indicator to be inadequate.

On security of tenure, 69.1% households already have security of tenure but 30.9% find it

inadequate. Durability of housing is adequate among only 19% of households; 5% need improvement, but

majority of 76.0% households find this indicator to be inadequate. Living space is sufficient for 40.7% households but insufficient among 59.3%.

On environmental management, some 19.2% households find this to be inadequate, 35.8% said it

needs improvement, while 45.1% said it is inadequate, mainly because of problems with the drainage system.

Access to other services refers to electricity and fuel, employment and livelihood opportunities,

health, education, markets, transportation and roads, peace and order. In a five-point scale, access to these other services, overall, are rated excellent by 2.6% households, high among 14.9%, good among 32.5%, medium among 26.8%, and 23.2% of the households rated this poor. On a three-point scale, those with excellent access are a small 2.6% households, but less than half, 47.4%, need improvement, while 50% find inadequate their access to such services.

Electricity and cooking fuel are adequate among 91.3% households; livelihood programs are

present for 62.2%. Health services are adequate for 32.0%, need improvement among 56.2%, and inadequate for 11.9%. Educational institutions are adequate for a great majority or 90.7% of households. The marketplace is adequate among 75.8% but inadequate among 22.4%. On the other hand,

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transportation and road system is adequate for 28.9 % but inadequate for 71.1% of households. Peace and order is adequate among 71.1% of the households but inadequate for 28.9%.

Perceived problems are ranked as follows: (1) livelihood (23.8%), (2) housing (16.7%), (3)

education (13.3%), (4) health services (12.6%), (5) peace and order (10.7%), (6) water (9.7%), (7) electricity (7.4%), (8) sanitary toilet (5.7%). Chart 2 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Marikina City -


Quezon City – Barangay Baesa Access to water is adequate for 29.7% households, while 5.2% said it needs improvement and more than majority or 65.1% said it is inadequate.

Access to sanitation ranks best at 97.9% of the households which said it is adequate but 2.1% said

it needs improvement, and none or 0.0% found it inadequate. This is a high performance on baseline year but targeting the households in areas that need improvement will push to 100% coverage on this indicator at global standard.

Some 67.8% of households are adequate in security of tenure, while 32.2% are inadequate. Durability of housing is adequate for 12.4%, needs improvement, for 9.8%, but inadequate for a large majority (77.7%). On living space, 52% find this sufficient but 48.0% said it is insufficient.

Environmental management is adequate for 17.6%, but needs improvement in majority of

households (72.4%), while only a few 10.0% find this inadequate. Access to other services refers to electricity and fuel, employment and livelihood opportunities, health, education, markets, transportation and roads, peace and order. Access to these services is poor for 31.9% of households. Majority (82.0%) have adequate electricity and use clean cooking fuels, 14.8% need improvement in this area, while only a few 3.3% find it inadequate. Livelihood programs are available according to 50.0% while the other half (50%) find this inadequate. Health services are adequate for 21.7%, but inadequate for 78.3%. Educational institutions are already adequate for 93.9% households, only a small 6.1% find this to be inadequate. While the market place is adequate for all households (100%), transportation and road system is inadequate for all 100% households. Peace and order is adequate for slightly half or 59.0% and inadequate for 41.0% of the households. Perceived problems are ranked from first to last as follows: (1) livelihood (23.8%), (2) housing (15.7%), (3) peace and order (13.3%), (4) health services 12.1%), (5) water (11.4%), (6) education (10.1%), (7) electricity (8.7%), and (8) sanitary toilet (4.9%).


Chart 3 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Quezon City - Barangay Baesa

Quezon City – Barangay Holy Spirit Access to water is adequate for 18.6% of households. Those that need improvement in this indicator constitute a small 2.4%, but still large 79.0% households have inadequate access to water.

There is good indication of access to sanitation for 98.6% of households, 1.4% need improvement, and none or 0.0% inadequate. Barangay Holy Spirit has a high performance on access to sanitation but efforts could lead to accomplishment of 100% households at global standards.

Slightly more than half of households (58.8%) have security of tenure while 42% still do not have. A

majority of (86.6%) does not have durability of housing, only a few 6.7 % find this adequate, and 6.7% need improvement. On sufficient living space, 68%.4 consider their condition as adequate, but less than half (31.6%) do not have sufficient living space. Only a few or 1.8% find environmental management adequate, 22.2% said it needs improvement, but 76.0% find environmental management to be inadequate, due to conditions of the drainage system.

Access to other services refers to electricity and fuel, employment and livelihood opportunities, health, education, markets, transportation and roads, peace and order. In general, access to other services is rated poor, according to 56.6% of households. Only 3.6 % households rated high, 11.4% said it is good and 28% find it medium. On a three-point scale, the access to these services needs improvement among 15% households, but inadequate for 84.9%.

For electricity or fuel, majority (74.1%) have adequate private connection for electricity and use of

cooking fuels, only a few 21.8% need improvement, while 4.1% find this to be inadequate. Livelihood programs are available according to 45.8% households, but inadequate to slightly more than half (54.2%). Health services are adequate only for 27% but inadequate among 72.5% households. Half of the households find educational services to be adequate while the other half find it inadequate. The marketplace is adequate for majority (97.6%), and only a few find this inadequate (2.4%). Transportation is adequate for 16.3% and inadequate for 83.7% households. Peace and order is adequate for slightly more than half or 59.8% and inadequate for 40.2%.

Perceived problems identified by households are: (1) livelihood (25.5%), (2) housing (18.3%), (3) peace and order (12.3%), (4) education (11.2%), (5) electricity (10.3%), (6) health services (10.2%), (7) water (7.8%), (8) sanitary toilet (4.4%).

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Chart 4 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Quezon City - Barangay Holy Spirit

INDICATORS BY GENDER DISAGGREGATED DATA The table below provides the barangay gender based data for the proportion of households in conditions that are adequate, need improvement, and inadequate on the indicators of MDG 7:11. The charts show the yellow bars for the percentages of male-headed and female-headed households on adequate conditions, above the 0.0 line on the global standards of the indicators, while the red bars represent the percentage of male-headed and female-headed households that are inadequate, below the global standards of the indicators. Marikina City’s Barangay Fortune has 77 female-headed households and 349 male-headed households. The female heads of households constitute 18% of 426 respondents who gave valid answers, 17% among 434 who responded to the questionnaire item, and 14% of 521 total survey respondents in Barangay Fortune. The male heads of households comprise 81% of 426 who gave valid answers, 80% of 434 who responded to the questionnaire item, and 66% of 521 total survey respondents in Barangay Fortune.

In Barangay Marikina Heights, there are 50 female-headed households compared to 141 male-headed households. These female household heads make up 26% of 191 who gave valid answers, 26% of 192 who answered the questionnaire items, and 23% of 215 total survey respondents for Barangay Marikina Heights. The male household heads are 73% of 191 with valid answers, 73% of 192 who replied to the questionnaire items, and 65% of 215 total respondents in Barangay Marikina Heights. For Quezon City’s Barangay Baesa, there are a total of 38 female-headed households and 171 male-headed households. The female heads are 18% of 209 respondents with valid answers, 15% among 245 that responded to the questionnaire items, and 14% of 259 total survey respondents in Barangay Baesa. The male heads comprise 81% of the 209 respondents with valid answers (209), 69% among 245 respondents of the questionnaire items, and 66% of 259 total survey respondents in Barangay Baesa.

Barangay Holy Spirit has 40 female-headed households and 137 male-headed households. The distribution of female heads of household is 22% of 177 respondents with valid answers, 19% of 208 respondents to the questionnaire item, and 11% of 338 total respondents. The male heads constitute 77% of 177 who gave valid answers, 65% of 65 respondents to the questionnaire item, and 40% of total 338 respondents in Barangay Holy Spirit. The data shows that the proportion of women who are household heads range from 14% to 26% of the sub-sets of population groups. On the other hand, the proportion of men as household heads range from 40% to 81% for the sub-sets of population groups. This means that only a fourth of the random sample households have women as their heads.


Table 5 Number and Proportion of Female - Headed Households and Male - Headed households to Total Respondents

Gender Household Head

% to Total Item Respondents

% to Total Questionnaire Respondents

% to Total Survey Respondents (Actual Sample Size)

City Barangay no

female headed house-holds

no male headed house-holds

% female headed house-holds

% male headed house-holds

n1



n2



n3

Barangay Fortune

77 349 18 81 426 17 80 434 14 66 521


50 141 26 73 191 26 73 192 23 65 215

Barangay Baesa

38 171 18 81 209 15 69 245 14 66 259


40 137 22 77 177 19 65 208 11 40 338

The status of households on the indicators based on gender is summarized in Table 6. Gender desegregation in Table 6 accounts for the proportion of male- and female-headed households for each of the indicators in relation to the total survey respondents in the respective barangays. Table 6 Gender Segregated Household Data: Summary by Indicators and Proportion to

Total Respondents

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Marikina City - Barangay Fortune With respect to the total number of respondents in Barangay Fortune, 3.6% of the female-headed households have adequate access to water compared to 21% of male- headed households, but inadequate for 9.5% female and 37% male households. Access to sanitation is adequate for almost all, a few need improvement, but impressively 0% find it inadequate. Inadequate security of tenure should be noted among 8% female and 41% male households that add up to half or 51% of total respondents. Inadequacy in durability of housing also exists among 15% women and 64% male households, constituting 85% of all respondents in the barangay. There is insufficiency in living space among 8.4% female and 42.8% male households, which amount to 54% of households. Environmental management is adequate for 4%and 11.7%, respectively, for female and male households but need improvement among 5.6% and 29%, respectively, and inadequate for 7.6% female and 36.4% male households – making up 46% of all respondents in Barangay Fortune. Majority of 16.9% female and 75.7% male households or a total of 98% have inadequate access to other services. Chart 5 presents the bar graph for gender segregated data based on Table 6. The red bars alert development planners to the magnitude of households per gender category that are inadequately situated or below global standards, on each of the indicators. Chart 5 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Marikina

City - Barangay Fortune (Gender-segregated)

Table 7.1 presents a different computation on the proportion of female and male heads of households with respect to the total number of respondents per gender sub-group, instead of total respondents in the barangay as in Table 6. This makes the gender proportions comparable with the totals of the sub-groups, showing the figures are close between the genders on the adequate, as well as inadequate conditions in each of the indicators. More female-headed households compared to male-headed households (62% and 53% respectively) find access to water, durability of housing (84% and 78% respectively), access to other services (80.5% and 71.6% respectively) inadequate. On the other hand, more male-headed households than female-headed households consider inadequate the following: security of tenure (50% and 45% respectively), sufficient living space (63% and 55.8% respectively), and environmental management (46% and 44% respectively).


Table 7.1 Proportion among Female Headed and Male Headed Households by Indicators – Barangay Fortune

Barangay Fortune, Marikina City Female Headed HH=77 Male Headed HH=349 Indicator A NI IA A NI IA

% % % % % % Access to Water 23.38 11.69 62.34 30.66 12.03 53.87 Access to Sanitation 67.53 1.30 0 77.94 2.0 Security of Tenure 49.35 45.45 44.41 50.14 Durability of Housing 11.69 1.30 84.42 13.75 1.15 78.22 Sufficient Living Space 44.16 55.84 35.24 63.04 Environmental Management 23.38 32.47 44.16 14.90 36.96 46.42 Access to Other Services 1.30 16.89 80.52 2.00 24.93 71.63 Perceived Priority of Problems Livelihood Livelihood Marikina City - Barangay Marikina Heights

In Table 6 on Barangay Marikina Heights, gender segregated data to total number of respondents show female and male headed households that are inadequate in access to water, 15% and 47% respectively, for a total of 74%. Access to sanitation is 0% inadequate for both genders. Security of tenure is mostly adequate for 16% female and 51% male households for a total of 69%, leaving the 8.4% female and 20% male among the total 30% with inadequate conditions in Barangay Marikina Heights. Inadequacy on durability of housing prevails among majority of 21% female and 53% male households in a total of 76% of households. Living space is insufficient among 16% female and 42% male households. Environmental management needs improvement but still inadequate for 10.9% female and 33.2% male households. There is inadequate access to other services among 25% female and 69% male households. Chart 6 graphically illustrates the data in Table 6 for Barangay Marikina Heights on the proportion of male- and female-headed households that are above and below the global standards for each of the indicators. The red bars below the global standards call attention to the inadequate conditions of the female-headed compared to the male-headed households. Chart 6 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Marikina

City - Barangay Marikina Heights (Gender-segregated)

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To compare the sub-group of female- to male-headed households in Barangay Marikina Heights, the percentages are computed on the basis of the total number of households per gender group, shown in Table 7.2. The proportion of female and male households is comparatively in close range per indicator. Female households have slightly higher percentage of inadequate condition over male households in terms of security of tenure (30% to 26% respectively), durability of housing (76% and 67% respectively), and living space (68% and 62% respectively). Male households are higher in percentage of inadequate conditions compared to women on access to water (72% and 64% respectively), environmental management (45% and 42%), and access to other services (53% and 44%). Table 7.2 Proportion among Female Headed and Male Headed Households by Indicators –

Barangay Marikina Heights Barangay Marikina Heights, Marikina City Female Headed HH=50 Male Headed HH=141 Indicator A NI IA A NI IA

% % % % % % Access to Water 22.00 14.00 64.00 22.00 4.26 72.34 Access to Sanitation 60.00 4.00 0 62.41 4.26 0 Security of Tenure 58.00 30.00 65.25 26.24 Durability of Housing 14.00 2.00 76.00 17.73 5.67 67.38 Sufficient Living Space 30.00 68.00 35.46 62.41 Environmental Management 22.00 34.00 42.00 18.44 34.75 45.39 Access to Other Services 2.00 54.00 44.00 2.84 42.55 53.19 Perceived Priority of Problems Livelihood Livelihood Quezon City - Barangay Baesa

In terms of gender disaggregation in Table 6, using the total number of survey respondents for Barangay Baesa, there are 4.4% female households that are adequate in their access to water, 1.6% that need improvement, and 29.7 that find it inadequate. Among the male households, there are 29% that find it adequate, 3.6% that need improvement, and 36.9 which said it is inadequate. The women households are totally adequate in their access to sanitation, while the men are almost adequate with only 2.1% needing improvement, and both had none or 0% who find it inadequate. Security of tenure is adequate for half of both gender with still 24% among the men and 6.3% of the women who find it inadequate. For both genders, majority are inadequate in terms of durability of housing. Considering 15% women households of the total respondents, 9% consider living space to be inadequate, while 37% of total respondents also perceive their living space to be inadequate. About 10% women and 61% men households find the need for improvement in environmental management. Access to services inclines to the inadequate among majority of households of both women (17.8%) and men (78.4%) as the head. Chart 7 illustrates the gender disaggregated data based on Table 6 on the proportion of male- and female-headed households above and below the global standards on each of the indicators. The red bars call attention to inadequate conditions among female and male groups on the indicators. Chart 7 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Quezon City – Barangay Baesa (Gender-segregated)


Table 7.3 is a variation of presentation for the gender disaggregated data in terms of percentages computed on the basis of the gender sub-group, rather than total number of respondents as in Table 6. With 38 female-headed households compared to 171 male- headed households, the computation based on gender sub-groups shows the figures to be close in range, except for environmental management where more female households (55%) find the need for improvement while more male households (56%) find their situation inadequate. Table 7.3 Proportion among Female Headed and Male Headed Households by Indicators – Barangay

Baesa Barangay Baesa, QC Female Headed HH=38 Male Headed HH=171 Indicator A NI IA A NI IA

% % % % % % Access to Water 28.95 10.53 55.26 36.26 5.26 53.80 Access to Sanitation 86.84 0 0 87.13 2.34 0 Security of Tenure 42.10 28.95 58.48 25.15 Durability of Housing 7.90 10.53 76.32 11.70 8.77 69.00 Sufficient Living Space 36.84 60.53 42.10 47.95 Environmental Management 26.32 55.26 13.16 15.20 18.13 56.73 Access to Other Services 0 23.68 76.32 1.75 16.96 64.91 Perceived Priority of Problems Livelihood Livelihood Quezon City - Barangay Holy Spirit

Given the total number of respondents for the proportion of gender-based households in Barangay Holy Spirit, shown in Table 6, there are 4.5% and 6.6% women households, respectivelly, with adequate and inadequate access to water compared to 14% and 24% of male households that have adequate and inadequate access to water, respectively. Almost all of both types are adequate in terms of acccess to sanitation, with 0% saying it is inadequate. For female and male-headed households, 10% and 48% respectively have adequate security of tenure, while 8% women and 31% men- headed households are not secure in their land tenure. Durability of housing is inadequate among the 18% of female-headed households and 68% of male-headed households. Space is insufficient among 5.9% of female-headed households and 25.6% of male- headed households. Environmental management is inadequate among 17% women –headed households and 58% of men-headed households. Access to services is inadequate among 20% of women- headed households and 78% of male- headed households in relation to total survey respondents. Chart 8 visually presents the proportion of female- and male-headed households on the indicators based on the data from Table 6. The red bars call attention to inadequate conditions below the global standards among the sub-groups of female- and male-headed households in Barangay Holy Spirit. Chart 8 Indicators: Monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals in Quezon City -

Barangay Holy Spirit (Gender-segregated)

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Table 7.4 presents in another way the proportion of female- and male-headed households per indicator, having computed, respectively, on the basis of the total number of the gender sub-group rather than on the total number of respondents as in Table 6. Though there are only 40 female-headed households compared to 137 male-headed households in Barangay Holy Spirit, the computation shows comparable figures and pattern of percentages, particularly in conditions of inadequacy on the indicators. The pattern shows slightly higher percentages of inadequate conditions among male-headed households over female-headed households on most indicators, except environmental management (72.5% for female heads and 70.8% for male heads) and access to other services (70% female compared to 74% male heads). Table 7.4 Proportion among Female Headed and Male Headed Households by Indicators – Barangay

Holy Spirit Barangay Holy Spirit, QC Female Headed HH=40 Male Headed HH=137 Indicators A NI IA A NI IA

% % % % % % Access to Water 37.5 5.00 55.00 34.31 4.38 59.12 Access to Sanitation 70.00 2.50 0 79.56 2.50 0 Security of Tenure 40.00 32.50 54.01 35.04 Durability of Housing 0 12.50 67.5 7.30 3.65 74.45 Sufficient Living Space 37.5 47.50 37.23 59.85 Environmental Management 0 15 72.5 2.19 22.63 70.80 Access to Other Services 0 15 70.00 0.73 21.18 74.45 Perceived Priority of Problems Livelihood Livelihood MEASURING THE INDICATORS: COMPONENTS AND GLOBAL STANDARDS The components per indicator specify the global standards that must be attained in each household. For all four barangays, the households’ conditions of inadequacy on the indicators’ components are shown in Tables 8-14. The highlights are as follows:

• Access to Water. Of four components and global indicators, private connection to water system piped to dwelling is inadequate, ranging from 37% to 58% of households across the four barangays. Underground connection of water and purity of water are inadequate in the four barangays, ranging from 33% to 56% of total households (Tables 8.1 and 8.2).

• Access to Sanitation. A small percentage of households ranging from 0.7% to 1.4% across the

four barangays need improvement in the connection to septic system and for their septic tanks to be concrete. (Tables 9.1and 9.2).

• Security of Tenure. Of four components and global standards, the four barangays have a

percentage of households ranging from 11% to 40% that are inadequate in terms of processing of documents for the land and house. (Tables 10.1 and 10.2).

• Durability of Housing. Of four components and global standards, the majority of households

across the four barangays, ranging from 65% to 80%, are inadequate in the materials used and in their protection from extreme climatic conditions. The houses should be constructed using durable materials and should not be in need of major repairs. (Tables 11.1 and 11.2).

• Sufficient Living Space. Of two components and global standards, overcrowding prevails

across the four barangays, ranging from 31% to 59% of households. Households are inadequate in terms of the global standard that the house and bedroom floor area should be at least 2 sq. m and no more than 4 individuals sleep in an open space. (Tables 12.1 and 12.2).

• Environmental Management. Of two components and global indicators, the drainage system is

inadequate across the four barangays, which ranges from 4.3% to 64. % of households. (Tables 13.1 and 13.2).


• Perceived Problems. Livelihood and housing problems rank first and second, while sanitary toilet ranks eighth across the four barangays. Rankings vary slightly from third to seventh among problems on education, health, peace and order, electricity, and water. (Table 14). Chart 9 shows the similar patterns in the four barangays.

Table 8.1 Access to Water

A NI IA Indicator A. ACCESSS TO SAFE WATER

Number of respondents % f % F % f

Quezon City Baesa 259 29.7 74 5.2 13 65.1 162 Holy Spirit 338 18.6 62 2.4 8 79.0 264 Marikina City Fortune 521 26.9 136 10.3 52 62.8 318 Marikina Heights 215 19.7 42 6.1 13 74.2 158 Legend: A. Adequate – NI. Needs Improvement – IA. Inadequate

Table 8.2 Access to Water: Components and Global Standards

Affordability

(household spend less than 10% of income

on water)

Sufficient Quantity

(household use at least 20 liters

of water, per day, per person)

Effort and time

(private connection to water system

piped to dwelling)

Quality

(Underground connection of water + Clarity and purity of

water) City/Barangay A

(%)

IA (%)

A (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

IA (%) A (%)

IA (%)

Barangay Fortune

90.7

9.3

75.8

24.2

62.2

37.8

66.5

33.5

MARIKINA CITY


88.7

11.3

79.3

20.7

62.3

37.7

43.1

56.9

Barangay Baesa

90.2

9.8

82.3

17.7

59.5

40.5

67.0

33.0

QUEZON CITY


93.8

6.2

84.1

15.9

41.4

58.6

60.2

39.8

Table 9.1 Access to Sanitation

A NI IA Indicator B. ACCESSS TO SANITATION

Number of respondents % f % F % f


23


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Table 9.2 Access to Sanitation Components

Access to Sanitary Toilet

(household has flush / pour-flush toilet shared by no more than 2

families)

Sufficient Sewerage System

(connection to appropriate septic system - all concrete septic tank)

City/Barangay A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

Barangay Fortune

98.9

1.1

0.0

96.7

1.4

1.9

MARIKINA CITY


100.0

0.0

0.0

93.9

6.1

0.0

Barangay Baesa

99.5

0.5

0.0

96.9

2.0

1.0

QUEZON CITY


99.4

0.6

0.0

97.2

0.7

2.1

Table10.1 Security of Tenure

A IA Indicator C. SECURITY OF TENURE

Number of Respondent

s % f % F

Quezon City Baesa 259 67.8 118 32.2 56 Holy Spirit 338 58.8 90 41.2 63 Marikina City Fortune 521 48.5 207 51.5 220 Marikina Heights 215 69.1 123 30.9 55 Legend: A. Adequate – IA. Inadequate Table 10.2 Security of Tenure Components

Documents of

Secure Tenure

(owner /

ownership process with

documents for land and house)

De Facto Protection from

Eviction

(household have not been evicted

in the past 10 years)

Perception of Protection from

Eviction

(household do not foresee

possible eviction in 5 years)

Organizing of Community

(household are member in good

standing of a community

association for land and housing

rights)

Affordability

(household spend less than 30% of income

for land and housing)

City/Barangay A (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

IA (%)

Barangay Fortune

59.8

40.2

77.1

22.9

85.1

14.9

95.6

4.4

95.9

4.1

MARIKINA CITY


81.2

18.8

83.7

16.3

91.2

8.8

96.9

3.1

96.4

3.6

Barangay Baesa

88.1

11.9

21.1

78.9

87.8

12.2

97.6

2.4

91.4

8.6

QUEZON CITY


69.7

30.3

91.0

9.0

93.3

6.7

90.2

9.8

98.7

1.3

Table 11.1 Durability of Housing

A NI IA Indicator D. DURABILITY OF HOUSING

Number of respondents % f % f % F



Table 11.2 Durability of Housing Components Non-Hazardous

Location

(housing lot location is safe and adequate)

Materials Used and Protection from Extreme

Climatic Conditions

(house

constructed from durable materials and not in need of major repairs)

Compliance with Building

Codes and Ordinances

(Construction complies with regulations)

Disaster Awareness and

Preparation

(household is aware of and

prepared to face natural disaster)

City/Barangay A (%)

IA (%

A (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

IA (%)

Barangay Fortune

91.5

8.5

20.0

80.0

68.2

31.8

92.9

7.1

MARIKINA CITY


99.5

0.5

26.3

73.7

80.3

19.7

94.1

5.9

Barangay Baesa

94.4

5.6

34.5

65.5

72.3

27.7

92.3

7.7

QUEZON CITY


99.4

0.6

20.0

80.0

78.6

21.4

91.0

9.0

Table 12.1 Sufficient Living Space

A IA Indicator E. SUFFICIENT LIVING SPACE

Number of respondents % f % f

Quezon City Baesa 259 52.0 133 48.0 123 Holy Spirit 338 68.4 219 31.6 101 Marikina City Fortune 521 45.1 232 54.9 282 Marikina Heights 215 40.7 85 59.3 124 Legend: A. Adequate – IA. Inadequate Table 12.2 Sufficient Living Space Components Overcrowding

(house and bedroom floor area large enough for

everybody to dispose of at least 2 sq.m + no more than 4 individuals sleeping in an open space)

Orderliness

(house and environment appreciated +enough space for movement in the house)

City/Barangay A (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

IA (%)

Barangay Fortune

45.1

54.9

73.8

26.2

MARIKINA CITY


40.7

59.3

73.3

26.7

Barangay Baesa

52.0

48.0

71.4

28.6

QUEZON CITY


68.4

31.6

57.7

42.3

Table 13.1 Environmental Management

A NI IA Indicator F. ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT

Number of

respondents

% f

%

f

%

f


25


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Table 13.2 Environmental Management Components Solid Waste Disposal

(appropriate waste management – composting / segregation /

recycling)

Drainage System (covered drainage system with sufficient capacity no flooding)

City/Barangay A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

A (%)

NI (%)

IA (%)

Barangay Fortune

35.8

63.3

0.9

42.9

32.1

24.9

MARIKINA CITY


41.3

58.2

0.5

38.9

50.3

10.9

Barangay Baesa

18.9

80.7

0.5

89.6

6.2

4.3

QUEZON CITY


24.6

71.9

3.6

20.4

15.0

64.7

Table 14 Perceived Priority Problems Ranking

Indicator H. PERCEIVED PRIORITY PROBLEMS

number of respondents

Housing Livelihood Water Electricity

rank % rank % rank % rank % Quezon City Baesa 259 2 15.7 1 23.8 5 11.4 7 8.7 Holy Spirit 338 2 18.3 1 25.5 7 7.8 5 10.3 Marikina City Fortune 521 2 19.9 1 22.0 6 8.9 7 6.8 Marikina Heights 215 2 16.7 1 23.8 6 9.7 7 7.4 Sanitary

Toilet Peace and

Order Education Health

Services rank % rank % rank % rank % Quezon City Baesa 259 8 4.9 3 13.3 6 10.1 4 12.1 Holy Spirit 338 8 4.4 3 12.3 4 11.2 6 10.2 Marikina City Fortune 521 8 5.3 5 9.5 3 14.7 4 12.8 Marikina Heights 215 8 5.7 5 10.7 3 13.3 4 12.6

LEGEND: RANK. Priority Rank - %. Relative Priority of Each Problem Chart 9 Perceived Priority Problems - Marikina City


Chart 10 Perceived Priority Problems - Quezon City GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS As a significant benefit of the survey, the data sets were transposed into geographic maps to track the location of the households in adequate and inadequate conditions in terms of the indicators of Goal 7 Target 11. With these maps, the local government of Marikina City and Quezon City can see the red colored areas marking the inadequate condition and the yellow colored areas marking the adequate condition within its barangays during the baseline year of monitoring the MDG 7:11.

The baseline data is expected to be used as quantitative targets for local planning on programs, projects and activities that will reduce the number of households that are inadequate on the specific indicator, thereby increasing the number of households to 100% that are adequate on that indicator. Replication of the survey to monitor and measure 7:11 in all barangays will give the city the overall picture of conditions on the indicators. By subsequent cycles of monitoring, planning and plan implementation, progress should be tracked such that the geographic maps should register the color yellow for all indicators by 2020.

The project achieved the preparation of geographic maps on each of the seven indicators for integration into the Geographic Information System of Marikina City and Quezon City, for designated offices at city level and the pilot barangays. Samples are shown below on the geographic map for the indicator -- security of tenure -- in the four pilot barangays.

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Figure 3 Geographic Map on the Indicator Security of Tenure in Fortune, Marikina City

Figure 5 Geographic Map on the Indicator Security of Tenure in Baesa, Quezon City

Figure 4 Geographic Map on the Indicator Security of Tenure in Marikina Heights, Marikina City

Figure 6 Geographic Map on the Indicator

Security of Tenure in Holy Spirit for Quezon City


PART 3

LOCAL PLANNING AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MDG MONITORING

LOCAL PLANNING EXERCISE ON THE 2007 BASELINE DATA

The survey teams of Marikina City and Quezon City participated in data analysis, interpretation, and validation during workshops. They used the data sets and geographic maps in a planning exercise. On the other hand, the management team for the project, in the respective cities, also clarified and validated the survey data, and affirmed as well as the outputs of the survey team’s planning exercise. Furthermore, the management team agreed on the interventions to sustain the Action. MANDATES AND RATIONALIZED PLANNING ON THE MDGS The project results consisting of the baseline data, geographic maps, and monitoring templates on the MDG 7:11 for 2007 can support the local government partners in accomplishing the mandate set forth by the 1991 Local Government Code. With the devolution of power to local government units, the cities and barangays carry the responsibilities for their own local development.

In terms of national government relationship with local government, the Department of Interior and Local Government’s Memorandum Circular No. 2004-152 urges local governments (Provincial Governors, City and Municipal Mayors) to use and even increase their budgets for programs, projects and activities that will achieve the Millennium Development Goals in their constituencies. The Rationalized Local Planning System advocated by the DILG calls for a Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Comprehensive Development Plan that include five development sectors — social, economic, physical/ land use, environmental management, and institutional development.

The local government partners acknowledged that the local indicators, the survey monitoring

reports – consisting of the statistical data sets and maps - and the monitoring templates can help Marikina City and Quezon City in mainstreaming the MDGs in their planning and monitoring systems. The mayors of cities as well as the department heads and staff in the project management and survey teams expressed their commitment to sustain the project by pursuing local planning and monitoring on the 2007 survey results. The designated offices will integrate the data sets and templates into the local MIS and GIS. LOCAL PLAN COMPONENTS ON MDG 7:11

In the planning exercise, city and barangay participants used the data sets to prepare the situational analysis, priority and objective setting, with quantitative targets, and other parts of the local plan. Essentially, it is expected that local planning should include the investment plan to provide the funds and resources for the MDG 7:11 programs and projects.

ELEMENTS OF THE LOCAL CITY AND BARANGAY PLAN ON MDG 7:11

• Situational Analysis • Priorities • Objectives, Targets, Expected Outcomes • Programs/Projects/Activities

o Per Program/Project/Activity Plan Objectives, Target, Expected Outcomes Budget and Other Resources Investment Plan Implementation Plan: structure, staff, action steps, schedules Mandates from Sanggunian Bayan and Barangay councils, Mayor’s

issuances • Overall Budget and Investment Plan • Implementation Plan

o Management Structure o Policy Framework

• Monitoring and Evaluation Plan

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For situational analysis, quantitative data described the profile of the barangays based on percentages of households with adequate and inadequate conditions on the indicators. Priorities were based on indicators with highest percentages of households under inadequate conditions and the top-ranked community problems in the perception of respondents. For targets, the quantitative data on inadequate conditions were useful in setting the number of households that should attain the global standard. Local government participants raised a concern over the use of the global standards compared to national and local standards, considering the resources of the city. The project team agreed that the global standard will be used in data analysis, planning and monitoring to determine how the local area compares with other areas in the global platform, though the local government may prepare their calculations based on national and local standards.

The percentages in Table 15 below on inadequate conditions were used in the planning exercise

as the quantitative targets on the number and percentage of households to be reached by planned interventions on the indicators.

Table 15 Targets of Local Planning: Percentages of Households Inadequate on the Indicator

SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ACTION Political Will

Political will refers to the decisions and actions of the local officials to engage in partnership and to sustain the project beyond the original timeframe. At the beginning of the Action in 2006, the incumbent mayors of Marikina City and Quezon City -- Mayor Ma. Lourdes C. Fernando and Mayor Feliciano Belmonte -- and the barangay captains of Baesa and Holy Spirit in Quezon City, Fortune and Marikina Barangays expressed commitment by signing the Memorandum of Agreement. In the culminating activity, the statements of Mayor Fernando and Mayor Belmonte expressed commitment to sustain the project in 2007. Furthermore, Mayor Fernando declared the allocation of P1 million as funds for the barangay that will render the best performance on the MDG 7:11 by the end of 2007.

The actions to be undertaken by the local government by April 2007 are: 1. Integrating the 2007 baseline data and geographic maps as the survey results, and the

monitoring templates into the local Management Information System and Geographic Information System city and barangay levels.

2. Uploading the 2007 baseline data of the barangays into the global MDGs DevInfo System. 3. Replicating the survey in other barangays to monitor and measure MDG 7:11. 4. Scheduling and conducting periodic MDG 7:11 monitoring (once or twice in three years). 5. Conducting local city and barangay planning using the 2007 baseline data for programs,

projects, activities as interventions, including the investment plan. 6. Retaining and mobilizing the MDG 7:11 management and survey teams, with leadership and

coordination by the designated office at city level (City Planning and Development Office);


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utilization of the software (data sets, maps, templates) and hardware (computer unit) turned over by the Action to the city and pilot barangays.

7. Establishing External linkages with non-government organizations and international fund organizations.

Multi-sectoral Support

ALTERPLAN, the main implementing non-government organization, and the European Commission Delegation to the Philippines, turned over the data sets, maps, templates, one computer unit for each of the four pilot barangays, and one laptop computer to each of the two cities at the end of the project in March 2007. For sustainability, ALTERPLAN has been able to tap external linkages in support of the sequel of actions on the MDG 7:11 monitoring and planning in Marikina City and Quezon City.


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PART 4

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

LOCALIZATION OF GLOBAL COMMITMENT TO THE MDGs The Action of the partners, “Local Government Barangay Level Monitoring System Development: Measuring Goal 7 Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals,” in the pilot barangays and cities, highlights the groundwork on best practices for localizing the global commitment of the United Nations member states to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2020. Specifically on Goal 7 (environmental sustainability) Target 11 (significant improvement in the lives of 100 million slum dwellers by 2020), the Action -- as the project is referred to -- has initiated processes and results for the baseline year 2007. Multi-sectoral partnership

Learning experiences from the multi-sectoral partnership of non-government organizations, academe, city and barangay levels of local government, including organizational mechanisms and implementation processes, may be replicated in the sequel of actions in the pilot sites and replicated in the other sites. An NGO, ALTERPLAN, took the lead, with support from the European Commission Delegation to the Philippines, and institutional support of local executives, local council, management team and survey team from city departments and barangay officials and survey team. The LGUs may take the initiative to be the lead organization for another modality, that is, LGU-initiated and directed, adapting the processes deployed in this project and research. Participatory process

The Action took effect by participatory process throughout the stages of the project and research design, by consultation meetings and workshops among local decision makers and MDG 7:11 project management and survey teams. Capacity-building

The methodology of the Action aimed at and achieved the capacity building of both human resources and information infrastructure of the pilot cities and barangays.

For Marikina City, a total of 52 of 61 participants completed the most number of workshops and 32 assisted in the survey processes. For Quezon City, 37 of 50 participants completed the most number of workshops and 24 joined the survey. They were awarded certifications of participation in the culminating activity. Participant observers from other barangays joined to learn the process for possible replication in their areas. For capacity-building of the city and barangay information system, the project turned over the survey data sets, monitoring templates, geographic maps, one computer per barangay and lap top to each city. Governance Qualities and Best Practices for the MDGs

The pilot cities were selected for their track record in housing programs for the urban poor informal

settlers. For this Action on the MDG 7:11, the LGUs of Marikina City and Quezon City exhibited facilitative behaviors. The experiences provide the initial groundwork for “best practices” and governance qualities of the local government units for MDGs monitoring.

• Political Will. It is significant that the city and barangay officials demonstrated political will by their

decisions and policy issuances to carry out the terms of the partnership and to sustain the project beyond the timeframe, and transparency by allowing the data sets to be published and disseminated.


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• Management Mechanisms. Specifically, the local government units organized the MDG 7:11 project management and survey teams. The same department heads and staff participated in the processes from start to end, thereby effectively facilitating project and research implementation. Participant observers from other barangays were involved for possible replication in their areas.

• Sustainability Actions. The cities and barangays expressed commitment to sustain the project

through their own efforts and resources. They will integrate the MDG 7:11 data sets, maps, templates into their Management and Geographic Information Systems, conduct local level planning and plan implementation on the 2007 baseline data, upload data sets of barangays into the DEVINFO global platform, replicate in at least one or two other barangays in the city, conduct periodic monitoring till 2020, and sustain the management and survey teams.

LOCAL INDICATORS

It is significant that the global indicators (access to water, access to sanitation, security of tenure, and durability of housing, sufficient living space) and global standards were locally accepted, validated and applied in the pilot cities and barangays. Furthermore, the local government participants used the local units of measure for the indicators, as well as added the following indicators: environmental management, access to other services, and perceived community development problems. Results of applying global indicators and standards on local conditions gave the local participants insights into their comparable global standing, even as they also would like to look at their standing based on national and local standards and compare. SURVEY RESEARCH DESIGN, FRAMEWORK, METHODOLOGY, RESULTS

The survey research constitutes an essential part of monitoring and measuring the MDG 7:11. The strategy is evidence-based planning to achieve 7:11, for which the survey is needed to produce quantitative baseline data, including participatory and capacity building processes for local government participants. The conceptual framework inter-relates the global commitment of the state, national and local administration, local governance, human development, and gender development. The operationalization and measurement of environment and shelter conditions are based on the global standards for each of the components per indicator. The research reports generated include tabular and graphical data sets and geographic maps that will allow the local governments to see the proportion of households in their areas that are adequate and inadequate in terms of the indicators. CONTRIBUTION TO LOCALIZATION PROCESS AND METHODOLOGY

While the literature on MDGs localization in other countries (UN Habitat) guided the Action at its project conceptualization, new elements and process flow were introduced to highlight the modality of a multisectoral partnership, NGO-initiated monitoring, LGU-sustained monitoring, involving five stages: (1) engaging local government political will and partnership; (2) capacity-building of local government human resources and systems; (3) survey research design; (4) information system installation; (5) local planning and sustainability. In effect, a modality of participatory action research was accomplished as groundwork for continuous monitoring, planning and action on MDG 7:11. The publications derived from the experiences with this modality are: (1) “Process Guide: Local Government Barangay Level Monitoring System Development Measuring Goal 7 Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals” and (2) “Local Government Barangay Level Monitoring System Development Measuring Goal 7 Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals (Project and Research Results)”. REPLICATION AND SUSTAINABILITY During the Action’s culminating activity in March 2007, the incumbent local chief executives of the pilot cities announced their commitment to undertake the recommended actions for sustaining the project on the local government’s resources. Marikina City Mayor Fernando announced the allocation of P1 million for the barangay with the best performance on the MDGs by December 2007. The risks of political leadership transition were considered as the incumbent mayors would run for their last term of office in the May 2007 elections. Two barangays offered to do replication. A non-government organization, the Philippine Support Services Agency, and an international development organization, the UNDP Habitat,


34

expressed support for the sequel of activities in the pilot cities and new barangay sites. ALTERPLAN pursues its organizational mandate of working on shelter issues, with cooperation from its partners. Uploading the results on the global MDGs platform will allow the Action to be shared with other interested parties. Sharing of learnings from other monitoring and planning initiatives on Goal 7 Target 11 and other goals and targets in the MDGs will be beneficial for replication processes and for improving the instruments or tools and processes.


35

ANNEX A SPEECHES OF PARTNERS AT

PROJECT’S CULMINATING ACTIVITY

Speech of Head of the Delegation of the European Commission to the Philippines

His Excellency, Ambassador Alistair MacDonald Local Government Barangay Level

Monitoring System Development, ALTERPLAN Astoria Plaza, 27 March 2007

Madame Mayor, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen I’m delighted to be with you today, to acknowledge the excellent work which you have accomplished under this Barangay Development Monitoring Project As you know, the project has received support through the EC’s Small Projects Facility, a grant programme designed to support high-impact initiatives of mutual interest to the Philippines and the European Union. With a grant of some €65,000 (approx PHP 4.2m), the project addresses a key priority area of the SPF programme, identified jointly with the Government of the Philippines, namely support for local monitoring systems for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). If they are to be achieved, the MDGs need to be the concern of all citizens. Local Governments are closest to the people, and are therefore the most appropriate channels for raising awareness, monitoring progress, and implementing solutions. Several government agencies have promoted MDG “localization”, and many LGUs have risen to the challenge. However, despite the efforts of government and non-state actors, some of which have produced excellent best-practice models in the area of housing for the poor, we are still not likely to fully reach MDG target 11 (which, globally, is to achieve significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020). Housing, Habitat, matters, because it relates first and foremost to the basic human need for shelter. It also has consequences for environmental sustainability, which in turn relates to health issues deriving from unsanitary living conditions. From a human development perspective, social marginalization is the underlying issue of slums: social services are not available and basic infrastructure is not there. Public investment for these services and infrastructure, under pressure to maximize economic return on land, often entails relocation outside of the urban center; however this reinforces social exclusion, by moving the poor away from sources of jobs and livelihood activities. Evidence throughout the world suggests that a socially and economically diverse urban fabric increases the quality of life in cities for all urban dwellers, which supports the case for considering human settlements from a socially inclusive perspective. Real improvements in the lives of the urban poor and slum dwellers, as called for by the MDGs, would generate important social and economical benefits for the whole city. The monitoring system developed and applied under this project can be an important step towards breaking the social marginalization of slum dwellers in Quezon City and in Marikina, and can be replicated in other areas. By establishing a comprehensive and measurable picture of the shelter and human development situation in these cities, this monitoring system will help local and national governments to design and implement egalitarian urban development strategies that will help the Philippines reverse the trend and ultimately reach this crucial Millennium Development Goal. Ladies and Gentlemen, the European Commission is glad to have been able to help you in your efforts. But the real effort, and the real success, is that which comes from the work put in by all those involved. So, and most importantly, I really want to thank all of those here today, and all of those who worked so hard to make the project a success. Maraming salamat po, sa yung trabajo!


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TALKING POINTS FOR QUEZON CITY MAYOR FELICIANO BELMONTE, JR. Culminating Activity for the Turn – over of the Local Government Barangay Level Monitoring System Development Program Organized by the Alternative Planning Initiatives (ALTERPLAN) March 27, 2007, 9:30 am, Astoria Plaza (3rd Floor New York Function room) Escriva Dive (formerly Amber Avenue), Ortigas Centre, Pasig City Ambassador Alistair MacDonald, Mayor Marides Fernando, Arch. Sarah Redoblado, ladies and gentlemen. In almost any area of governance, partnerships matter – they add strength and impact through a complement of resources and expertise, information and knowledge. Thus, I would like to thank our partners, the European Commission and the Alternative Planning Initiatives, for this project to strengthen the capacity of our local barangays to assist in monitoring the attainment of Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals. For city as large as Quezon City, with its 2.4 million populations, of which about 150.000 families are poor, attainment of the Target 11 goal, which is achieve by 2020 a significant improvement in the lives of its thousands of slum dwellers, is a huge challenge. But it is a target that every city should net because it means attaining the quality of life that all are entitled to. This project to acquire the technology to monitor the improvement in the quality of life of these families is very useful at measuring movements toward this goal. It will provide part of the data base that we need to help tailor – fit m more precisely, programs on social, health, and shelter development. This will allow us to be more focused in our program formulation and reach, as ell as allow us to combine in the most responsive proportion our package of services for specific target beneficiaries. Also, the project hews nicely with our own capacity building programs to strengthen the capability of our barangays officials to become effective, autonomous managers in their own communities. They already have full fiscal control, and figure significantly in every component of public service in their localities. We hope this tie – up with EC and Alterplan will lead to a multiple of productive other beginnings. For Quezon City, responding to him needs of the poor create demands of resources that tare formidable. It has pushed us to come up with innovative approaches to find new, more effective solutions to old problem. And we are looking forward to partnerships that an add to this pool of innovation and expertise. Thank you very much and good morning!


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MAYOR MARIDES C. FERNANDO BRIEF MESSAGE Local Government Barangay Level

Monitoring System Development, ALTERPLAN Astoria Plaza, 27 March 2007

We operate with the principle that everything that we do in our city should be measured and that whatever is measured gets attention.

Adopting and applying a well-conceived monitoring system to track the implementation of Local Development Plan and the progress of Millennium Development Goals are indeed reflection of responsible and accountable governance. We simply cannot make presumptions that everything is well with what are taking place on the ground because of erudite planning. There has to be a sound monitoring tool with which we can accurately assess our performance as well as well as gasps that we need to focus on. Cities that are doing well across the world are those which are acknowledge benchmarks in sound urban planning and monitoring like. Singapore, Vancouver, Bogota (Columbia) to name a few. These are cities whose plans and actions are dictated by development indicators.

We are thankful for the ALTERPLAN for considering Marikina as one of its pilot cities. The results

of the census survey conducted in the settlement areas of the project’s two pilot barangays, namely: Barangays Marikina Heights and Fortune yielded important indicators with respect to access to water, access to sanitation, security of tenure, durability of housing, sufficient living space, environmental management and access to other services. For the barangays our sanitation and peace and order programs are working well. Access to electricity, marketplace, and educational institutions also rated high.

The most problematic is durability of housing which is understandable since the beneficiaries of

our city’s settlements program took care of the construction of their respective houses. The challenge for our city is to get the resident of these settlements sites to retrofit their houses to improve their structural soundness. We have perceived this problem since 2003. The inadequacy of living space is also high in both barangays. What is more revealing is the disclosure that while virtually all houses in the pilot barangays have city water connection there’s hardly any water coming out of the faucets of those houses situated in elevated areas. With regard to security of tenure, the city has to double its efforts in the light of the survey results where a high 55% and 35% in Barangays Fortune and Marikina Heights, respectively, revealed that their papers are still in process with the Community Mortgage Program. It is imperative for us to look into this and take appropriate steps so as not to hamper our efforts towards our grand vision of a Squatter – Free Marikina.

There is conformity between perceived priority programs and those which are part of our city’s

priority thrusts in the delivery of programs and services, namely: livelihood, housing, education, (particularly tertiary education) and health. Livelihood which ranks high in the survey in terms of priority, takes prominence in our development agenda as evidenced by our ambitious target of One Job, One Family and by our vigorous efforts at luring new investors to generate employment and livelihood opportunities. Our city is poise to integrate the data generated from the census survey into our baseline information for planning and decision-making. All these shall be integrated in our Management Information System so it can easily be accessed by other units of city hall. We shall designate appropriate offices to take the lead role in replicating the project in other barangays, and in monitoring various aspects of MDG. We shall always give premium on poverty – focused programs. This is subsumed in our advocacy for Millennium Development Goals.

We look forward to an equally productive partnership with ALTERPLAN for our two successor

barangays. The project’s outputs provide additional impetus to our quest for a better Marikina. Thank you.