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LobitosWaterProject30/11/2016InitialPlan

TeamManager:BradleyCunningham

DesignCoordinator:UmarHarithBinMatZaini

FinancialDirector:RobertBooth

RiskAssessor:DominicAlborz

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TABLEOFCONTENTSPREFACE 3

BUDGETANDBUDGETING 4

MAXIMUMMATERIALCOSTNECESSARYPERUNIT: 4

WATERTANKS: 4

ADDITIONALESTIMATEDCOSTS: 4

DESIGN 6

THEMATHEMATICALPREDICTIONSOFOURSYSTEM 7

DEWPOINTTEMPERATURE(1) 7

ABSOLUTEHUMIDITY(2) 7

AIRFLOWRATE(3)(BASEDON2INCHPIPING) 7

SUMMARY 8

SUMMARY 9

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Preface

Thisisasmallmanifestoofourinitialplan.Allinformationcontainedinsideissubjecttochangethroughouttheprojecthowever,asateam,wehavedecidedontheseideastobepresentedforviewingandconstructivecriticism.Ouraimthroughouttheprojecthasfourprinciplesinmind.Thisissimple,effective,efficientandcosteffective.Thishasbeenthedrivingforceofourideaswhilstalsotryingtointroduceengineeringprinciplesthatwehavebeentaughttoimproveourdesigns.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheinformationpresentedorwouldliketoadviseofcriticise,pleasedosoatlobitoswaterproject@outlook.com.Pleasealsonotethatabibliographywillnotbeprovided,however,wedohavetheseavailableonourpersonalcopiesandavailableuponrequest.

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BudgetandBudgeting

Maximummaterialcostnecessaryperunit:6mof4inch/2inchplasticpipe–S36/S22-£8.44/£5.162inchplasticright-anglejoint–S1.50-£0.353mof2inchplasticpipe(forpump)–S11-£2.58HandPumpestimatedcost(dependentonsupplier)-£18Blackfoil(potentialcondensingmaterial)persquaremetreestimatedcost-£0.50

Totalmaterialcostexcludingwatertank-£29.87/£26.59dependingonwhichpipeused.

WaterTanks:50LPlasticTank-£44.00105LPlasticTank-£70.70200LPlasticTank-£83.00Thesetanksarelargelynotaffordableastheyarenotmarketedforthistypeofuse.ThroughEWB:

1100L–S529-£124.242500L–S919.90-£216.05Othertankswouldhavetobeinquiredabout.

Aquickphoneinquirytoasubstantialplasticproducingcompanydetailedthata500Ltankwouldcometoabout£70.00per,andtheywillbehappytosupplysizesbetween500and7500L.HoweverthisisacompanyinNewZealandandwhilesimilarpricescouldbeexpectedinLobitos,itshouldbenotedthatthesupplierweactuallyendupusingmaybemoreexpensive.

Eachunitproducesalitreofwaterevery50hours;alargenumberofunitswouldberequiredtosustainLobitos.Assuming50Unitsaresetuptheexpectedcostwouldbebetween£4750and£5250.

AdditionalEstimatedCosts:Estimatedcostofpotentialturbineimplementation:£15perunit

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AdditionalpipemayberequiredandimplementationcostscouldbefairlyhighdependingonwhethertheyareinstalledindependentlyorthroughEWB.Intheeventofanygivenpartofthesystembreaking,eachpartisreplaceable,howeveritisquitelikelythatwilljustbethroughtheEWBsuppliers.Asthetankistheleastlikelyparttosufferdamage.

Wefoundaseriesofoildrumsthatcouldbeusedeffectivelyasourwatertank.Thesewatertanksare45gallon,orapproximately205litres.Acompanythatspecialisesinsellingthesedrumsproducestheseandtheycost£40eachplusshipping.Shippingisroughlyabout£15fromtheUStotheUK.IfweassumetheshippingcostsaresimilartoLobitos,althoughitcouldbeless,thiswillleadtoanoverallestimatedcostperunitof:£84.87/£81.59dependingonwhichpipeused.

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Design As we all know we will be build an underground condenser. The picture below is a

simple condenser to help us understands how simple condenser works.

So from this, I reckon we step up the condenser game. We have done some of these

before in the initial design:

1. Add a wind-powered turbine to create suction at the inlet and outlet (suck the

air out)

2. Some kind of ‘sail’ on top of inlet to guide the inlet to face the wind direction.

3. A filter inside or at the inlet of the condenser to avoid big debris coming in.

4. We wouldn’t have cooling water therefore we use the surrounding

(underground) to cool the dew to become water. Hence, plastic material must

be void as plastic it’s not a good conductor.

(cons: I suggest we use metal; however, it

may rust. If we use stainless steel it may be

expensive)

5. Place a 2.5x2x1 meter manhole for

maintenance purposes.

6. Put some sort of wire gauze or any method

to increase the surface area in the tank to

maximize the amount of water produce from

dew.

Computer design will be on the way.

(software: Solidwork, SketchUp)

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TheMathematicalPredictionsOfOurSystemForoursystemtogaugeitsproductioncapabilities,wefirsthavetoestablishwhatfactorswehaveintheenvironmentsurroundingitforwaterextraction.Thesefactorsaremoisturewithintheair,thetemperatureandtherelativehumidity.ObviousthesevalueswillapplytoLobitosandwillbetakenasanaverage.Iwillalsooutlinethesevaluessothattheycanbeamendedtosuitastheprojectprogressesifnewvaluesarefoundout(thevalueswillbeinred).Iwillalsoaddresstheaddedspeedonairintakewiththepressuredropinthesecondpart.Eachcalculationwillbeunderaheadingtoallowforeasylocating.

DewPointTemperature(1)Thetemperaturetowhichaparcelofairmustbecooledtoreachitssaturationpoint.

td = t -((!""!RH)!

)-WheretdisthedewpointtemperatureindegreesCelsiusandtistheobservedairtemperaturealsoindegreesCelsius.Thiswouldmakeourtd=24oC.Fromthisvalue,wenowknowthatwaterwillcondense,aswewillbefourdegreeshotterandthiswilldecreasewithourwindtunnel.However,asthesystemwillbeunderground(whichshouldbecooler),thisshouldallowforalowernumberasiftheobservabletemperatureislower,wewillhavealowervaluefortd.Forexample,ifweestimate23oCunderground,ourtdvaluewillbe13oC,whichwillincreasetherateofcondensation.

AbsoluteHumidity(2)Themeasurementofthedensityofwatervapourwithintheair

AH(g/m!) = 6.112×𝑒[

(!".!"×T)(T+243.5)]× RH × 18.02

273.15+ T × 100 × 0.08314

WhereAHistheabsolutehumidity,TistheobservabletemperatureinCelsius,RHistherelativehumidityinpercentagevalueandeisthebasenaturallogarithm.ThevaluewegethereforAHis21.770g/m3or0.022kg/m3.

AirFlowRate(3)(Basedon2inchpiping)

Qa = 60𝜋 ∙ 𝑣(!!)!-WhereQaistheAirFlowrate(m3/min),vistheairvelocity

(m/s)anddisthepipeinnerdiameterinmeters(forourestimation,wewillassumetheinnerdiameteris2inch),wewillalsouseanaverageairvelocityof6.6m/s(assumingthisisdirectedperfectlyatourairwellinlet).Forthis,ourAirFlowratewouldbe0.0152399m3/min.Wewillbeplanningonusingapressuredropsystemtoincreasethespeedoftheflowrate,howeverthecalculationsforthisaremuchmorecomplexandwillbediscussedifthisisfollowedthrough.

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SummaryUsingthesevalueswecanmakevariousassumptionsabouthowmuchwaterproductionwecanattain.Weknowthatweneedthecentraltanktobeatatemperatureof24degreesapproximatelywhichshouldbeattainablethroughtheairflowratethroughthepipingof0.0152399m3/minandtheabsolutehumidityof0.022kg/m3meansthat,ifweuseourAirFlowrate,wecanmultiplytheflowratebyourabsolutehumiditytoacquireouraveragekg/minofwaterproductionwhichis0.000335277kg/minor0.335277g/min.wecanthendivide1000bythisvaluewhichwouldgiveus2983minutestoachievealitreor50hourspersystembasedonthevaluesabove.Obviouslyitisunderstandablethatthisisalongtimetoacquirealitrehowever,thesystemispassiveanddoesnotrequireanyinputfromtheusersotheideawouldbetobuildupthewaterproductionfirstthenallowthistobeusedafteraweekperiodsothatstoresaretheirtobeused.Also,duetothecheapnatureofthesystem,morethanoneofthesestationscanbebuilt.Factorsdoneedtobenotedwithinthecalculationsthathavenotbeentakenintoaccount,forexample,thetemperaturewillobviouslychangeasthisisusing28oCasaconstanttemperaturewhereasthisisobviouslynotthecaseatnight.However,thisshouldstillbeconsistent,astheundergroundnatureofthesystemwillmeanthattheairwillstillbecooledasitreachesthecentraltank.

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SummaryOverallwefeelthatourprojectisprogressingtowardsmeetingourkeyprinciples.Obviouslyweunderstandthatthisisnotafinishedsystemandwillstillrequiremoreinputandwork,howeverwefeelthatitisimportanttopresentourideastootherteamsandtheEWBforscrutinyandconstructivecriticism.Ourfutureplansaretocreateacomputeriseddesignbeforetheendoftheyearandpresentthisonourblog.WealsoplantohaveaprototypebuiltbyFebruary2017andthenwewillhaveenoughtimetoadjustthisifrequired.Finallywewillcreateaninstructionmanualthenwriteupourfinalreports(bearinmindthatalotofstepshavebeenneglectedtobementionedbetweenthis.).