10
ASCO Power Technologies | Avtron 6255 Halle Drive Cleveland, Ohio 44125 U.S.A. Tel: 216.573.7600 Fax: 216.573.5953 www.EmersonNetworkPower.com/loadbank [email protected] ASCO Power Technologies | N.J. Froment & Co. Ltd. Easton-on-the-Hill Stamford PE9 3NP United Kingdom Tel: +44 1780 480033 Fax: +44 1780 480044 www.froment.co.uk [email protected] ASCO Innovative Solutions The global leader in load banks. Load Banks Bulletin 608 Rev A

Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

Imag

e A

rea

ASCO Power Technologies | Avtron 6255 Halle Drive

Cleveland, Ohio 44125 U.S.A.Tel: 216.573.7600Fax: 216.573.5953

www.EmersonNetworkPower.com/loadbank [email protected]

ASCO Power Technologies | N.J. Froment & Co. Ltd. Easton-on-the-HillStamford PE9 3NP

United Kingdom Tel: +44 1780 480033Fax: +44 1780 480044

[email protected]

ASCO Innovative Solutions

The global leader in load banks.

Load Banks

Bulletin 608 Rev A

Page 2: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

banks to multiple MVA, we can provide a solution for virtually

any application. We revolve around your needs, with the

expertise and technical knowhow to assemble

custom solutions that provide leading

power test solutions.

Technology Innovation is at our core, complemented

by our commitment to build load banks to

the highest standards – ISO9001, UL/CUL, CSA, CE, IEC, NFPA.

Technical leadership includes Sigma control which is sector

leading in simplicity, ease of use, and accuracy. Sigma brings

cost effective solutions to today’s power testing requirements

which can require high level instrumentation, data capture

and verification with the ability to link multiple

load banks of differing capacities or combination

and controlled from one hand-held terminal or PC.

ExperienceNinety years combined experience

in load banks is only matched by the

125 years ASCO has been providing power

solutions. Our team of experts has provided countless standard

and custom load banks to the industry over the years.

Global Reach A dedicated load bank service department is there when

you need them – anywhere in the world.

Our customer-centric approach

guarantees you receive friendly,

knowledgeable advice and support

24/7/365 from a highly trained,

technically proficient team.

Learn more by downloading a load bank

white paper, calling 800-800-ASCO or visiting our webpage

at www.emersonnetworkpower.com/loadbank.

The combination of ASCO, Avtron and Froment. The global leader in load banks.

The proven, market-leading load bank technologies of

Avtron and Froment are a perfect fit with ASCO Power

Technologies. Combining world-class

innovation and more than 200 years

total experience, ASCO is your one-stop

partner that offers complete solutions

that you can rely on to solve any power

testing requirement.

Broadest PortfolioNo company in the world can match the depth and

breadth of our portfolio. From simple 10 kW portable load

We’ve put all the pieces together.

Page 3: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

A load bank is a device that develops an electrical

load and applies the load to an electrical power

source. Avtron and Froment Brand load banks

provide consistent, accurate, measurable, and

repeatable electrical loads on a power source.

What is a Load Bank?

Why use a load bank?

To help prevent lightly loaded conditions (wet-stacking) on your diesel generator set

Meet the testing requirements of NFPA 110

Power systems commissioning and acceptance testing

Long term tests - heat runs

Transient response tests - block loading

Test and verification to ISO 8528 - pass or fail

Battery capacity testing

AVR (automatic voltage regulator) and governor set up

New product research and development

Who should use a load

bank?

Anyone involved with insuring the proper operation of gen-sets or UPS systems should be using a load bank for:

System set-up

Periodic maintenance

Continued verification

Prolonged product life

Anyone involved in the design, manufacture, and sale of gen-sets or UPS systems for:

Product development

Final production sign-off

Customer witness testing

Avtron & FromentLoad Banks

Why choose

Enhance reliability of the power source

Help maintain optimum load levels

Prevents low loading on the power source

Reduce downtime

Improves life of generator

Reduces generator maintenance

Proven control systems

Built for rugged and reliable operation

No cool-down period required

Aluminized steel construction

Widest range of voltage and capacity available

Accurate load tolerance

Standard off the shelf components

Continuous duty

What types of Load

Banks are available?

Our Load Banks are

built to the highest standards

ISO9001 UL/CUL

CSA CE IEC

NFPA

AC up to 690V

Resistive

Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive)

Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive)

DC up to 600V

Battery capacitive testing

28VDC ground power unit testing

MV from 3.3 - 15kV

Direct Connect

Step Down Transformer

We have over 125,000 sq. ft.

global production space dedicated

to manufacture of load banks.

We have 90 years combined

experience in the load bank

industry.

Cool Air Intake

Elements

Controls

Power Cables

Generator electrical

power source

Hot Air Exhaust

“ ”“Running an engine with minimal load causes residual fuel buildup, which decreases

the efficiency of the engine and reduces the useful life of critical parts.” - Christopher Wade, Newmark Grubb Knight Frank

3 4

Page 4: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

Broadest Load Bank Portfolio in the WorldAvtron and Froment brand load banks offer the widest range of load testing solutions available today. From a simple 10 kW portable load to multiple megawatt units, our experience and support make us the worldwide leader in the manufacture of rugged and reliable load banks.

Our Load Banks Revolve around Your Needs

Power Generation Mission Critical Rental Service Oil, Gas, & Nuclear Wind Farms OEMs Government / Military Maritime / Shipyards

Lightweight & Portable

Serving Every Application in Every Market

Trailer MountedResistive Inductive/Reactive Combined Container Medium VoltageRadiator Direct Current

65

Page 5: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

Serving Every Application in Every Market

Our Load Banks Achieve... Commissioning and Validation of Generator

Routine Maintenance

Prevent Wet Stacking

Supplemental Load

Compliance with State & Federal Testing Regulations

24/7 Reliability, Power Outage Prevention

Meet Min. Standards of ASHE

DC Battery Service

Black Start Event

HVAC Verification

Commissioning

Nameplate Testing

Load Data Collection

Ensure Generator Availability when Grid is unavailable

Validate Output

Meet Commissioning Requirements

All Season and All Weather

Performance Testing

Commission Gas Turbines

Supplemental Load

Emission Requirements are within Regulations

Generator Verification

Harmonic Testing

Validate Output

Meet Commissioning Requirements

Inventor Testing

New Product Testing

Quality Control Testing and Verification

Troubleshooting

Ensure Performance Specification

Tactical Generator Testing

Supplemental Load for Deployable Power

Depot Maintenance

Flight Line Testing & Support (400 Hz)

Test & Verify Primary & Backup Power

Nameplate Testing of Generators

Commissioning

Generator Verification

Mission Critical Rental Service Oil, Gas, & Nuclear

Wind Farms OEMs Government/Military Maritime/Shipyards

Power Generation

Applications OurLoad Banks Support...

33

Routine Maintenance

Prevent Wet Stacking

Supplemental Load

“ ”“Prior to building turnover, load bank testing helps insure that electrical genera-tion systems support loads by maintaining voltages and frequencies that meet

design criteria. Generally, if they are going to fail, they will fail quickly.” - Joshua Gepner, Environmental Systems Design, Inc.

7 8

Page 6: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

Broadest Load Bank Portfolio in the World

Load Bank Series 1000

Load Bank Series 2000 and 3000

Load Bank Series 3000 and 4000

Load Bank Series 5000

If you need a load bank that is easily transportable and maneuverable but can still provide a high enough load for your needs, than a trailer-mounted load bank is for you. Typically used by rental companies, our trailer mounted load banks use the latest load bank technology combined with its superior versatility.

• Various Voltages and Frequencies Available• DOT Certified Trailers• Remote or Local Controls• Sigma Intelligent Control Available • Vertical or Horizontal Airflow• Storage Box, Manual or Electric Cable Reels, and Quick Disconnect Receptacles Available

We offer a complete line of lightweight and portable load banks. They are designed and constructed to the highest standards to resist vibration encountered during trans-portation. Our load banks are lightweight, compact, and reliable. Smaller models are available with handy carry cases for protection and most models come with casters for maneuverability in the tightest spaces. Our lightweight and portable load banks are perfect for operators that are testing lower loads in a variety of places.

• Dual Voltage• Local Controls• Standard Data Logging with Digital Metering• Designed to Fit through Man Doors and Freight Elevators• Sigma Intelligent Control Available

Radiator 10-1500 kW

Our radiator mounted load banks are designed to be fitted directly onto diesel generator sets. The load bank utilizes the engine cooling air from the generator radiator to cool the load elements. Radiator mounted load banks are de-signed as supplemental loads rated 50-70% of generator kW. We can offer models that allow from 10-1500 kW load and with this unique design, it is perfect for generator that consistently light load.

• Indoor or Outdoor Construction• Remote or Local Controls• Roof Mounted Designs are also Available• Automatic Load Controller (Optional)

The most popular load bank requests are for purely resis-tive models, these apply load in a resistive manner only. Our resistive load banks are ruggedly constructed and designed for continuous operation and are available for all applications including small indoor load test to large outdoor static load tests. We offer a complete power range from 5 kW to over 6000 kW. Our resistive load banks are CE approved for Europe and also UL approved for use in America.

• Wide Voltage Range to Choose From• Various Frequencies Available• Sigma Intelligent Control Available • Remote or Local Controls• Horizontal & Vertical Options Available• Custom Designs Available

Lightweight and Portables 5-700 kW

Resistive 5-6000 kW

Trailer Mounted 500-5000 kW

“ ”“As per National Fire Protection Association Standard 110 (NFPA 110), if you cannot achieve at least

30% load on a unit, you will build up carbon in the system. When you run the units at the higher load, it creates greater temperatures and burns off any carbon that may have built up.”

- Stewart Allen, Citizens Property Insurance

109

Page 7: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

Load Bank Series 6000 and 7000

Load Bank Series 7000

Load Bank Series 8000

Load Bank Series 9000

Load Bank Series 2000 thru 4000

Broadest Load Bank Portfolio in the World “ ”“OPS has been buying Froment products for about 8 years. We have over 8 different types across the

Froment range from 40kW units to 2.5mVA single units. The quality and reliability of the Froment product has enabled and helped OPS in being the market leader in the UK for load bank testing. “

- K. Sullivan, Optimum Power Services

• Wide Voltage Range• Sigma Intelligent Control Available • Can link with existing resistive load banks to perform combined load test.

Inductive/Reactive load banks can be used in conjunc-tion with existing resistive load banks for testing AC supplies at non-unity power factors. Generating sets are rated at 0.8 power factor so both resistive and induc-tive load are required. The rise of solar energy and wind farms has also led to an increase popularity in inductive/reactive only load testing.

Our combined load banks test both resistive and inductive loads within a single load bank. Manufactured with the highest quality resistive elements and inductors the com-bined load banks will give the precision and longevity you need. Our combined load bank models are available from 200-6000 kVA, so if you need a combined load bank of any size then we have you covered.

• Rugged Construction• Permanent or Maneuverable• Wide Voltage Available• Sigma Intelligent Control Available

For larger load test, the containerized construction of our load banks is perfect. Not only can they provide a very large load capacity, but this construction means it is easily transportable. Our container load banks are available in both resistive only and combined version. Typical containers are available in 10 and 20 foot lengths and specialized control rooms within to keep the components weatherproof and to provide the operator with a safe and secure work area.

• Bespoke ISO Container Construction• Wide Voltage Range• 50/60 Hertz Frequency• Sigma Intelligent Control Available

We are the leading manufacturer of true medium voltage load banks. Our units operate at the actual output voltage of medium voltage generators and do not require large step-down transformers. We also have available the conventional load bank with step-down trans- former designed to mount on common structural skid. Both resistive and resistive/reactive loads are available with a wide voltage range to suit your needs perfectly.

• Direct Connect with NO Transformer• Voltages of 5-15 kV• 50/60 Hertz Frequency• Remote or Local Controls• Rugged Construction• Automatic Load Controller (Optional)

Inductive/Reactive 400-1875* kVAr

Combined 200-6000 kVA

Container 2000 - 6000 kW / 2000 - 6000 kVA

*Additional kVAr available upon request.

Medium Voltage 3500-7000 kW

Direct current load banks are the ideal solution for the customer that need to test DC generating systems, converters, transformer/rectifier units, battery systems, and controls. The rugged, aluminized steel construction ensures a long life and minimal maintenance. We offer a range of both portable and permanent DC load banks from 150-3500 amps with a wide range of voltages available.

• Permanent and Portable• Aluminized Steel Enclosure for Superior Corrosion Protection

Direct Current 150-3500 Amps

11 12

Page 8: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

• Robust Intelligent Hand-held Terminal (IHT) for remote load control operation with full 3-phase instrumentation

• Membrane keyboard and back-lit graphic LCD housed in an Industrial polycarbonate / polyam-ide enclosure providing IP65 protection

• Resistive, combined, inductive and capacitive testing

• Automatic tests

SIGMA IHTCONTROLLER

• Enhanced load control with transient speed instrumentation data acquisition and reporting with graphical displays including real time data such as crest factor, re-covery times and % errors

• Customizable front-panel window layouts

• Supply-on-test properties include ratings, alterna-tor, engine, customer and additional notes can be saved with test results for future reference or template creation

• Result data can be printed or exported to other soft-ware for further analysis

• Certification to ISO8528

SIGMA PCSOFTWARE

• Allows integration with PLC, HMI or SCADA systems and proxy remote controls

• Can be used over TC/IP for remote control

SIGMA MODBUS

• Load control automatically preventing the problems associated with light loading

• Maintain minimum load on gen-set

• Quick response times for unity testing

SITE LOADCORRECTION

SIGMA DECADESWITCHES

SIGMA LT REMOTE CONTROL

SIGMA PC BASIC

SIGMA LT LOCAL CONTROL

PLC/DIGITALCONTROLLER

MANUAL TOGGLESWITCHES

• Load bank mounted decade switches for quick and easy load selection

• Perfect for accepting and rejecting load quickly and simply when at the load bank

• Color touch screen inter-face allows simple load selection

• Allows individual load bank control and monitoring

• USB capability

• Robust enclosure to IP45 rating

• Cross platform capability between Sigma LT and Sigma 2

• For Windows tablet and PC

• Daisy chain load banks or control individually

• Multi language

• Link USB interface to link over 50 load banks

• Graphical, chart and indi-vidual load test views

• Electronically controlled push buttons

• Network “Daisy Chain” ability

• Display full metered instrumentation on 3 x 7 seg LEDs

• 480/240V

• Ideal for larger direct connect medium voltage systems

• Pre program a load profile with specific loads and intervals

• Can interface with existing building management system

• Simple straight forward operation

• Ideal for remote and extreme locations

• Digital metering is often included for indication of applied load in amps and kW

SIGMA 2 Load Bank ControlsSigma load control is the leader in simplicity, ease of use and accuracy. Sigma brings cost effective solutions to today’s power testing requirements which can require high level instrumentation, data capture and verification.

• No Need for any pre-calculations• Automatic detection senses the supply-on-test• Quick start wizard allows easy setup of load via % load, power factor and time• Load steps down to 0.1kW or 0.1kVAr with adjustable leading and lagging power factor• Adaptive and Predictive load-correction facility ensures the correct load is applied even

if the voltage drops• Transient load tests, results analysed and reported• Automatic load control provides multiple timed load steps including cyclic testing• Manual control via selection of kW, % load, or kVA and power factor• Link multiple Sigma load banks and control from one IHT or PC• Commissioning and verification to ISO8528

SIGMA LT Load Bank ControlsSigma LT load bank control is the latest product development from Avtron and Froment. It offers a simple and sleek touch screen design and provides consistent and reliable testing for resistive load banks.

• Resistive load bank control• Link up to 25 individual load banks for testing• Transfer data on USB stick for analysis• Accept and reject load from individual load banks• Stand alone and daisy chain load tests • Available with hand-held remote control• Full 3 phase instrumentation

Standard Load Bank ControlsStandard load bank controls are perfect for basic load tests. The toggle switch design ensures reliability.

• Simple easy to use design• For basic, resistive load testing• Offers automatic load control: allows permanently

installed or radiator mounted load banks to provide load levelling

Load Bank Control “ ”“The ability to “daisy chain” load banks is a necessity in the rental industry. It enables the use of

multiple units in order to reach higher capacities without the addition of larger units.” - Joe Stonestreet, Comrent International

FEATURES & BENEFITS

1413

Page 9: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

Load Bank Quality at Work Load Bank Service & Support

Please have the following information to supply to your regional sales manager for us to provide you with a fast turnaround on a load bank quote.

• Applied Voltage(s) or Frequency

• Resistive, Reactive, or DC

• Portable or Permanent Installation

• Capacity

• Load Step Resolution

• Blower Voltage Requirements

• Internal and/or External Control Power

• Indoor or Outdoor Service

• Core Dimensions and Air Flow for radiator mounted applications

Experience

Choice

Design

Build

Knowledge

Service

Avtron & FromentLoad Banks

Resistive, Inductive, Combined, Portable, DC, and Medium Voltage models

Custom builds to specifications

Large range of capacities

Huge selection of option adders

Professional and creative design engineers

The best software for superior results

Innovative problems solving skills

Unrivaled product knowledge

The latest and greatest construction technology

Superior quality materials

Talented and highly skilled engineers

State-of-the-art production techniques

90 years combined experience in manufacture of load banks

Manufactured 1000’s of standard & custom load banks

Worldwide presence in all markets

Dedicated load bank service department

Global presence

Friendly advice and support

24/7 support

Rigorously trained staff

Awareness of customer needs

Global sales teams

Product proficiency

Help Us to Help You

24/7/365 Support

We are there when you

need us

Avtron and Froment Services are much more than a “service department”. We are a self-sufficient organization offering a broad range of services, products, and solutions.

• Commissioning

• Periodic scheduled maintenance of equipment

• Technology upgrades to legacy systems

• Modifications in system operation

• On-going customer training

• Access to the latest development including parts and equipment

Customer centric service puts your needs first

Worldwide Service & Support

“”

“Routine load bank testing ensures generator set performance during an emergency. Such testing means facilities executives may uncover system defects that may not be found otherwise

until a power outage. Discovering them during testing allows any necessary repairs to be made before the facility has a critical need.”

- Kurt Summers, Austin Generator Service

15 16

Page 10: Load Banks · Reactive (Inductive or Capacitive) Combined (Resistive, Inductive and/or Capacitive) DC up to 600V Battery capacitive testing 28VDC ground power unit testing MV from

Intr

oduc

ed S

igm

a In

telli

gent

Lo

ad B

ank

Con

trol

Sys

tem

Sigm

a 2

Con

trol

Sy

stem

Rel

ease

d

Firs

t to

offe

r UL

liste

d pe

rman

ent l

oad

bank

s

Firs

t mob

ile lo

ad b

ank

(1

200

kW) d

esig

ned

for

maj

or m

inin

g co

mpa

ny

Intr

oduc

ed th

e

Avt

ron

Hel

idyn

e

resi

stiv

e lo

ad e

lem

ent.

Firs

t loa

d ba

nk (2

50 k

W) d

esig

ned

for 4

00 H

z Je

t Airc

raft

Tes

t Sta

nd

Intr

oduc

ed S

igm

a In

telli

gent

19531947

1967

199319791960

1980 1995 1997 2002 2005 2011

201019991995 2001 2012

Dev

elop

ed fi

rst

mul

ti-v

olta

ge (A

C &

D

C),

mul

ti-f

requ

ency

(5

0, 6

0, 4

00 H

z) tr

aile

r m

ount

ed lo

ad b

ank

Firs

t hig

h ca

paci

ty (7

50 k

W)

perm

anen

t ins

talle

d lo

ad b

ank

Bega

n to

off

er c

ompl

ete

line

of n

eutr

al g

roun

ding

and

in

dust

rial r

esis

tors

Man

ufac

ture

SIG

MA

C

ontr

ol R

esis

tive

/Rea

ctiv

e C

onta

iner

Loa

d Ba

nk

Sigm

a PC

Sof

twar

e la

unch

ed

Sigm

a In

stru

men

tati

on S

yste

m

laun

ched

for d

irect

sup

ply

on te

st

inst

rum

enta

tion

Avt

ron

acqu

ires

From

ent

5MW

, Med

ium

Vol

tage

Loa

d Ba

nk

sold

to S

ocia

l Sec

urit

y A

dmin

-is

trat

ion.

The

load

ban

k us

ed in

co

njun

ctio

n w

ith

a ba

ckup

gen

erat

or

to in

sure

per

sona

l dat

a is

sec

ure

3MW

resi

stiv

e lo

ad

bank

use

d at

NA

SDA

Q

as s

uppl

emen

tal l

oad

to

insu

re p

ower

is c

onst

ant

for t

radi

ng

Firs

t mon

ocoq

ue lo

ad

bank

s ar

e la

unch

ed

Sigm

a In

telli

gent

H

and-

Hel

d Te

rmin

al

laun

ched

Aft

er 9

/11,

the

Whi

te H

ouse

cho

se

Avt

ron

load

ban

k fo

r the

ir m

obile

co

mm

unic

atio

ns a

ctiv

itie

s

Mod

bus

conn

ec-

tivi

ty la

unch

ed

for l

oad

bank

USM

C a

war

ded

Avt

ron

a

cont

ract

for 3

00+

por-

tabl

e lo

ad b

anks

to h

elp

supp

ort t

heir

wor

ldw

ide

depl

oym

ents

Avt

ron

and

From

ent

beco

me

bran

ds o

f A

SCO

Pow

er T

echn

olog

ies

Add

itio

nal u

ser b

enefi

ts

adde

d to

Sig

ma

Han

d-H

eld

Term

inal

Add

itio

nal c

ombi

ned

(res

isti

ve/r

eact

ive)

Fro

men

t m

odel

s ar

e la

unch

ed

Rele

ased

PC

bas

ed d

iagn

osti

cs,

confi

gura

tion

, and

ca

libra

tion

app

licat

ion

Inte

ract

ive

HM

I int

erfa

ce la

unch

ed

for c

onta

iner

pro

duct

s

Intr

oduc

ed li

ne o

f sui

t-ca

se-s

tyle

hig

h ca

paci

ty

port

able

load

ban

ks

Dev

elop

ed fi

rst m

ulti

- vo

ltag

e ra

ck s

erve

r (1

0 kW

) loa

d si

mul

ator

Intr

oduc

ed N

etw

ork

Cap

able

(i.

e. D

aisy

Cha

in) 1

50 k

W

Port

able

Loa

d Ba

nk

Dev

elop

ed fi

rst t

rue

dire

ct c

onne

ct (n

o st

ep

dow

n tr

ansf

orm

er)

med

ium

vol

tage

load

ban

k

Avt

ron

foun

ded

by D

wai

n Fr

itz,

P.E

.

From

ent f

ound

ed b

y N

J Fr

omen

t

Avt

ron

begi

ns m

anu-

fact

ure

of lo

ad b

anks

.

Man

ufac

ture

d fir

st

radi

ator

mou

nted

lo

ad b

ank

From

ent b

egin

s m

anuf

actu

re o

f lo

ad b

anks

Man

ufac

ture

d fir

st h

igh

capa

city

(400

kW

) po

rtab

le lo

ad b

ank

1955

1973

2009 2014

1979 19981994

1999

Add

itio

nal c

ombi

ned

(res

isti

ve/r

eact

ive)

Fro

men

t

2001

1997 20032000 2007

Dev

elop

ed fi

rst m

ulti

-

20082003

1983

From

ent b

egin

s m

anuf

actu

re o

f lo

ad b

anks

1985

Company Timeline

19901980197019601950 20102000

Sigm

a In

stru

men

tati

on S

yste

m

laun

ched

for d

irect

sup

ply

on te

st

2000

1817