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LNG- TODAY, TOMORROW-
“La cantieristica navale italiana alla prova del GNL. Prospettive opportunità e
iniziative in corso”- Autorità Portuale di Genova
Palazzo San Giorgio -27 Ottobre 2014
Summary
2 © Wärtsilä
• WHY LNG
• STATUS QUO AND NOVELTIES
• THE EXPERIENCE IN THE MECHANICALDRIVES APPLICATIONS
• TOMORROW’S CHALLENGES
WHY LNG
Environment
LOCAL
GLOBAL
LOCAL
LOCAL
Acid rainsTier II (2011)Tier III (2016)NOx
Greenhouse effectEnergy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
CO2
Acid rainsSulphur content in fuel from 2015 worldwideSOx
Direct impact on humansLocally regulated
Particulatematter
4 © Wärtsilä
Fuel prices trends Marine Diesel Oil Rotterdam
Fuel price [USD/MMBTU]
180 Centistoke Rotterdam
?
380 Centistoke RotterdamHenry Hub (Natural Gas)
Marine Gas Oil Rotterdam
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
5 © Wärtsilä
Revised Marpol Annex VI Regulation 13
Tier I >130 kWNew ships 2000
Tier II >130 kWNew ships 2011
Tier III >130 kWUpcoming requirement,New ships inside Emission Control Areas (ECA)
Rated engine speed (rpm)
02468
1012141618
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
NOX (g/kWh)
Wärtsilä NORoperation area
Primary methods operation area
Secondary methods operation area
Wärtsilä standard NOR is dimensioned for reaching the IMO Tier 3 level.
6 © Wärtsilä
Marine sulphur limits
–97% –86%–71%–78%–67%
0.1
4.5
3.5
1.51.00.5
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
World
EU in ports
ECA
Sulphur limit (%)
California
Review of the 0.5% S global limit to be performed in 2018. In case readiness is not deemed to be sufficient by 2020, the introduction of the limit will be postponed to 2025.
2012
Fuel type Not regulated = both HFO and distillate are permitted. Exhaust gas cleaning Permitted alternative under Regulation 4 to achieve any regulated limit.
Particulate Matter (PM) No limit values.
7 © Wärtsilä
Emission Control Area (ECA) landscape
8 © Wärtsilä
How to comply with recently confirmed IMO Tier III?
NOX compliancy
CatalystCatalyst(Nitrogen Oxides Reducer) Natural GasNatural Gas
...or...
9 © Wärtsilä
SOX compliancy
ScrubberScrubberChange fuelChange fuel(low sulphur distillates)
...or...
Natural GasNatural Gas
...or...
How to comply with Sulphur limits?
10 © Wärtsilä
STATUS QUO AND NOVELTIES
Dual-fuel application references
12 © Wärtsilä
Merchant
Offshore
Cruise &Ferry
Navy
Others
Power Plants
DF Power Plant• 67 installations• 354 engines• Output 4600 MW • Online since1997
OSV’s• 31 vessels• 96 engines
Production• 2 platform• 9 FPSO’s etc.• 1 FSO• 40 engines
LNG Cruise ferry• 1 vessels• 4 engines • Complete gas
train
LNG ferries• 4 ferries• 18 enginesConversion• 1 ferry• 2 engines
Coastal Patrol• DF-propulsion• DF main and
auxiliary engines
TUG• 2 vessel• 2 engines
each • Mechanical
drive
Guide Ship• 1 vessel
/engineIWW• 2 vessel• 3 engines
6 segments >1,000 engines >10,000,000 running hours
LNG CarrierMultigas CarrierRo-RoBulk CarrierConversion
150 vessels5 vessels2 vessels1 vessels1 vessels
~ 650 engines
LNG as cargo
LNG is never stable in cargo tanksLNG is never stable in cargo tanksflexibility is the reason why DF-E has been successful
13 © Wärtsilä
LNG as marine fuel
LNG tanks(2 x 500 m3)
LNG is lighter than Diesel but requires more spaceLNG is lighter than Diesel but requires more spaceSystem integration and Ship Design are key factorsSystem integration and Ship Design are key factors
Dual Fuel engines(2 x W6L50DF)
14 © Wärtsilä
Wärtsilä 2-stroke DF – Deliveries
Engine type Expected drawing delivery of main components
Expected first engine delivery
RT-flex50DF Q2 2014* Q1 2015**W-X62DF Q4 2014* Q3 2015**W-X72DF Q2 2015* Q1 2016**W-X52DF Q3 2015* Q2 2016**W-X82DF Q4 2015* Q3 2016**
* Expected final drawing delivery is subject to order
** Expected engine delivery varies but is normally obtained 6 – 12 months after final drawing delivery
15 © Wärtsilä
Dual Fuel 2-stroke
High efficiency Low pressureMeets IMO Tier III without treatments
Design principles:
16 © Wärtsilä
2-stroke DF - Key Technologies
Micro pilot’ and Pre-chamber technology• Electronically controlled injectors +
Common Rail fuel supply• Pilot fuel (for ignition) only 1% -
minimizing fuel costs• Pre-chamber technology for best
combustion stability and reduced emissions
• Technology developed and proven on 4-stroke
• Option for HFO as pilot will be available
17 © Wärtsilä
Pre-chamber
2-stroke DF - Key Technologies
Engine control and automation system • Wärtsilä ‘UNIC’ based control
system• All essential controls in one
system• Individual control of combustion
related parameters – optimized engine performance
• Inbuilt Redundancy for ’single main engine’ application
• Safety functions related to gas operation including knock- and misfire detection
Pilot fuel injector
Gas admission valves
Control system
2x Gas admission valves
Pilot fuel injectors
Engine speed/CA-signalEngine stop signal
Gas duration
Gas pressure
Pilot fuel pressure
Exhaust valve drive
Exhaust valve
Wärtsilä 2-STROKE / Ingemar Nylund18 © Wärtsilä 08 January 2014
Ship type: 2+2 x 15’000 dwt Chemical tankers Owner: Terntänk of SwedenShipyard: AVIC-Dingheng in ChinaVessel delivery date: early 2016Engine type: Wärtsilä 5RT-flex50DF
INTO the FUTURE --Baltic SO2lution
Leading into the Gas age – references!
19 © Wärtsilä
Leading into the Gas age – references!
• Ship Type: 14’000 m3 LNG Carrier
• Owner: Zhejiang Huaxiang Shipping Co., Ltd– Private shipping company– Major player in LPG transportation market– One of the owners who acquired the route rights
of LNG transportation in China domestic water
• Shipyard: Qidong Fengshun Ship Heavy Industry Co., Ltd,
• Delivery date: Sept. 2015
• Engine type: Wärtsilä 5RT-flex50DF
20 © Wärtsilä
4-stroke DF Portfolio & Applications
0 5 10 15
50DF
20DF
0.5 -1.8 MW
2,8 – 8,0 MW
5.8- 17.5 MW
20
34DF
• LNG Carriers• Cruise ships• RO-RO/PAX• Ferries• Large Offshore Units
• Small LNG / CNG vessel• Small cargo vessels• Supply vessel• Offshore application &
Production• Aux. engines with
W46/50DF
• LNG Feeder• Jack-up• Tugs• Small cargo vessels• Barges• Small ferries• Aux. engines with
W34DF & W50DF
> 600 engines 50DF
> 50 engines 20DF
> 100 engines 34DF> 750 Engines sold for Marine use
21 © Wärtsilä
4-stroke DF Portfolio & Application types
0 5 10 15
50DF
20DF
46DF
0.5 -1.8 MW
3,0 – 10,0 MW
6.2 -18.3 MW
5.8- 17.5 MW
20
34DF
• LNG Carriers• Cruise ships• RO-RO/PAX• Ferries• Large Offshore Units
• Small LNG / CNG vessel• Small cargo vessels• Supply vessel• Offshore application &
Production• Aux. engines with W50DF
• LNG Feeder• Jack-up• Tugs• Small cargo vessels• Barges• Small ferries• Aux. engines with
W34DF & W50DF
• LNG Carriers• Cruise ships• RO-RO/PAX• Ferries• Large Offshore Units
22 © Wärtsilä
Dual Fuel 4-stroke
High efficiency Low pressureMeets IMO Tier III without treatments
Design principles:
23 © Wärtsilä
EXPERIENCES IN THE MECHANICAL DRIVE
APPLICATIONS
Experience And Development
Wärtsilä DF proven solution :
• Load taking capability
• Intrinsic redundancy – no interruption of operations
• Safety and fuel flexibility
• Application experience with mechanical drive,
single main engine
25 © Wärtsilä
Safety and flexibility
% L
oad
100 %
0
Diesel mode Gas mode
Gas
mod
e op
erat
ion
from
0 –
100%
MC
R
110 %Dual Fuel engine can transfer instantly to
diesel mode at any load
Full flexibilityCan start/stop/idle in gas modeCan operate on all loads in gas modeCan operate on one lube oil for all fuels Can operate on cheapest fuel available
Full redundancy no need for additional equipment
if failure: Instant safety backup maintaining full power and speed
Automatic safety trip
26 © Wärtsilä
DF Loading test 0–100%, Gas Operation
Eng
ine
load
Eng
ine
spee
d
Engine load [%]Engine speed [rpm]Gas inject. Duration [time]
*Frequency variation ~2%
*Class requirement max 10% deviation
Loading ramp is done in test conditions, demonstrative and valid for laboratory only
27 © Wärtsilä
DF Loading test 0–100% Gas + Diesel Operation
Eng
ine
load
Eng
ine
spee
d
Engine load [%]Engine speed [rpm]Gas inject. Duration [time]
DF redundancy proves even in full power ramp-up an sudden failurein the gas system does not compromise safety
Simulated gas system
failure
Simulated gas system
failure
Loading ramp is done in test conditions, demonstrative and valid for laboratory only
28 © Wärtsilä
Dredgers: Wärtsilä DF latest development
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98100102104106108110112114116118120122124126128130132134136138140142144146148150152154156158160162164166168170172174176178180182184
Pow
er [%
]
Time [min]
Load step test for Duel Fuel 34 engine
W6L34DF load step variation succesfull testspecific for dredger application, held on August 2013
34DF
Loading program done in test conditions, demonstrative and valid for laboratory only
29 © Wärtsilä
LPG Carrier: Evergas – Mechanical drive
Main engines
Main engines
Auxilliaryengines
Auxilliaryengines
PropulsionPropulsion
GearGear TankDesignTank
Design
FuelSupply
FuelSupply
CargoHandling
CargoHandling
Relique-faction
Relique-faction
30 © Wärtsilä
LPG Carrier: Evergas – Mechanical drive
New YorkNew YorkTwin engine
6L50DFTwin engine
6L50DF
Twin in –Single out
TCH350
Twin in –Single out
TCH350
Twin in –Single out
TCH350
Twin in –Single out
TCH350Shaft generator
1’600kWShaft generator
1’600kW
ShaftShaft
CPP
4E1540CPP
4E1540
31 © Wärtsilä
LPG Carrier: 4700 m3 – Anthony Veder
Main engine
W6L34DFMain engine
W6L34DFGear
VerticalGear
Vertical
Shaftgenerator
PTO
Shaftgenerator
PTO
ShaftShaftCPPCPP
32 © Wärtsilä
LNGC : 15600 m3 Coral energy
Main engine
W8L50DFMain engine
W8L50DFGear
VerticalGear
Vertical
Shaftgenerator
PTO
Shaftgenerator
PTOShaftShaft
CPPCPP
33 © Wärtsilä
Tug boat : 80ton Bollard pull - CNOOC
Main engines
W6L34DFMain engines
W6L34DF
34 © Wärtsilä
IWW – LPG Carrier : Chemgas BV
Owner : Chemgas Shipping BVDelivery : Q4 – 2013Amount of vessels: 2
“First W20DF + FPP application”
Wärtsilä scope of supply:
• 1*W8L20DF (main engine)
• FPP with nozzle
GE
AR W8L20DF
35 © Wärtsilä
Chemical Tanker: Bit viking - DF conversion
Main engine
W6L50DFMain engine
W6L50DFGear
VerticalGear
Vertical
Shaftgenerator
PTO
Shaftgenerator
PTOShaftShaft
CPPCPP
36 © Wärtsilä
DF for mechanical drive
• Bit Viking - The First vessel– The First gas conversion– The First Diesel Mechanical gas engine– First Dual-Fuel “single main engine” approval– The First Wärtsilä gas handling system– The First non LNGC gas powered merchant vessel
.... and a happy owner
37 © Wärtsilä
Before After
Background - Main engines conversion
before2 x W6L46B
5850 kW each
WÄRTSILÄ 8L20 1200 kW
CPP
CPP
PTO 1500 kW
PTO 1500 kW
WÄRTSILÄ 8L20 1200 kW
after2 x W6L50DF 5700 kW each
38 © Wärtsilä
DF mechanical propulsion - Operational experience
39 © Wärtsilä
Date 1.12.2011Time 22:15Vessel speed 14,3 knotsLatitude N 57°58‘Longitude E 6°4'Heading 100°Wind speed 10,5 m/sWind direction 290°Wave height (avg.) 4-5 mDraught 8 m
NORWAY
Waves direction290°
DF mechanical propulsion - Operational experience
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100En
gine
load
[%
]
Engine load
Engine speed
Engi
ne sp
eed
[rpm
]
500 100 150 200Time [s]
40 © Wärtsilä
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100En
gine
load
[%
]
Engine load
Engine speed
Engi
ne sp
eed
[rpm
]
500 100 150 200Time [s]
DF mechanical propulsion - Operational experience
83%83%85%85%
37%37%
514rpm514rpm
486rpm486rpm
8 s8 s
41 © Wärtsilä
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
24.10.2011 7.1.2012 22.3.2012 5.6.2012 19.8.2012 2.11.2012Ope
ratin
g ho
urs
Operating hours 24.10.2011 – 5.11.2012
Gas
Diesel
• Carbon contents in fuel estimated as follow:– HFO: 85%-w, LNG: 75%
• Bit Viking saving in annual CO2 production– 4500 ton CO2
42 © Wärtsilä
TOMORROW’S CHALLENGE
Esplorazione &Sviluppo Campo
ProduzioneFPSO
LNG carrierTerminale di liquefazione LNG
Terminale LNG& Rigassificazione(FSRU/JRU)
Distribuzione & TrasportoGenerazione Energia
LPG/LNG tanker
LNG fuelledvessels
Small-scaleLNG plants
LNG fuelledvessels
LngLng: THE LOGISTIC CHAIN AND Wärtsilä: THE LOGISTIC CHAIN AND Wärtsilä CONTRIBUTIONCONTRIBUTION
Esplorazione & Sviluppo Campo
Produzione & Liquefazione
Trasporto & Stoccaggio
Terminali diRicezione &
Rigassificazione
Distribuzione & Trasporto
• Analisi Campo e successiva Trivellazione
• Sistemi di propulsione a Gas
• Sistemi di Trasporto LPG, LEG & LNG
• Piccole stazioni di Liquefazione a Terra e in Mare
• Gas FPSO
• Gestione carichi LNG• Rigassificazione Jetty & Floating
• Terminali di Ricezione
• Distribuzione e Logistica di Gas/LNG
• Impianto di Generazione Energia
44
Barges & StazioniRifornimento LNG
Wärtsilä Wärtsilä FROM DRILLING...FROM DRILLING...
Esplorazione & Sviluppo Campo
Produzione & Liquefazione
Trasporto & Stoccaggio
• Sistemi di propulsione a LNG per OSVs
• Sistemi di propulsione a Gas• Sistemi di Trasporto LPG, LEG & LNG
• Piccole stazioni di Liquefazione a Terra e in Mare antiflaring/VOC
45
...TO THE END USERS...TO THE END USERS
LNG come combustibile per trasporto: Supply Chain in una Produzione di LNG di piccola scala
Trasporto RigassificazioneLNG
Stoccaggio e Rifornimento Distribuzione Utenze
LNG Trailer Truck
LNG Fuelled TruckStazioni di Rifornimento
Small LNG Carrier
Liquefazione
LNG Bunker Vessel LNG Fuelled Vessel
Terminale Rigassificazione
Terminali
LNG Carrier
Generazione Energia
ConvenzionaleDomanda di Gas crescerà a ~2% CAGR nel 2035
Marittimo: Terminale a distribuzione10% del totale consumo di LNG(crescita prevista fino al 14% nel 2025)
StradaTerminale a Truck
46
Thank you for your attention
47 © Wärtsilä