LNG on the Rails--Precursor to LH2 on the Rails? · Presentation by Reid Larson and Scott Nason, Chart Industries, at the H2@Rail Workshop, held March 26-27, 2019, in Lansing, Michigan,

© 2018 Chart Industries, Inc.

LNG on the Rails – Precursor to LH2 on the Rails?

© 2018 Chart Industries, Inc. 2

Cryogenics on the Rails

LNG Fuel Tenders for fueling Locomotives:

Tank Cars for hauling Liquid Hydrogen, Ethylene and Ar/O2/N2 LNG by rail:


Tenders and Tank Cars

Progress Made / History• Chart Active in Several Past and Present Tender and Transport Projects

• 1961-present: AAR-204W and DOT-113 Tank Cars• Liquid Ethylene (flammable) in DOT-113 tank cars• Argon, Oxygen, Nitrogen (non-flammable) in AAR-204W and 113 cars• (1960s / 70s) Liquid Hydrogen – 20 cars; Praxair (UCC) and Nasa

• 1994: Union Pacific LNG Fuel Tender• 2012-2013: Canadian National LNG Fuel Tender• 2012-2017: Burlington Northern LNG Fuel Tenders• 2014: Chart 28,000 gallon tank car style tender• 2014: Transport Canada approves LNG by rail – tank car and ISO• 2015-present: Chart ISO container style LNG Fuel Tenders in service• 2015: Alaska RR receives SP to carry LNG by rail in ISO containers• 2016: Alaska RR runs demonstration loads of LNG by rail

AAR Petition for Rulemaking - LNG in DOT-113C120W tank cars• 2017: Extensive Use of tenders at FECR

AAR NGFT Standards Published• 2018-2019: FECR LNG fuel tenders continue

US DOT approval process moving forward (HM-264) for LNG TC


LNG on the Rails – Ready to Go!28,000 Gallon (106 m³) Tank Car Style LNG Fuel Tender

11,000 Gallon (41.6 m³) ISO Container Style LNG

Fuel Tender


Railroads are moving to LNG

- Chart LNG Fuel Tenders- Provide clean burning, domestically produced natural gas to one or two freight

locomotives- displacing up to 80% of the diesel fuel required to power the locomotive.

- Chart LNG and Cryogenic Tank Cars

- Florida EastCoast Railwaylocomotives fromGE with LNGtender


- WHY LNG as a Fuel:- Lower cost than Diesel- Cleaner burning- Abundantly Available

- WHY LH2 as a Fuel:- Very clean – zero emissions- Lower cost than diesel – someday ?- Abundantly Available

…. In water…. In natural gas…. As a by product….


Chart Cryogenic Tank Cars

Progress Made / History• Chart Active in Several Past and Present Cryogenic Tank Car Projects

• 1961-present: AAR-204W and DOT-113 Tank Cars

←34,500 Gallon (130.6 M3) DOT-113C120W Tank Cars for LNG, Liquid Ethylene or Liquid Ethane; LH2?

DOT-113A90W Tank Cars for Liquid Argon, Liquid Oxygen and Liquid Nitrogen →


Chart Cryogenic Tank CarsChart teamed up with VTG, a leading rail logistic company, to develop cryogenic tank cars for the European network

Chart Vacuum Technology® provides the best insulation system to protect product loss and is at the core of why Chart is recognised as the premier supplier of cryogenic equipment solutions


Chart LNG Fuel Tenders

1990’s Burlington Northern

1994 Union Pacific

2012-13 Canadian National



2012-2017 Burlington Northern



Basic Operation:• Mechanical and Electrical

Connections between Locomotiveand Tender• Locomotive sends a ‘Gas

Request’• Glycol supply and return within

acceptable parameters• Pressurizing the gas supply

system – for pump transfer,pressure transfer or‘economizer’ transfer

• “Tender Ready” signal is givenand gas can be supplied to oneor both locomotives



Basic Operation (continued):• PLC system monitors pressures,

temperatures, locomotive signals• Safety systems shut down the

tender when required• HMI allows visualization and

adjustment of operatingparameters

• PLC can be connected to remotetelemetry for ‘back room’monitoring of tender status andperformance




Chart LNG Fuel Tender Challenges

Structural challenges:• Purpose Built Rail Wagon (similar in shape and appearance to a well car, but much, much more robust)

• Excellent performance to date• Crashworthiness:

• 45 MPH head on collision• 40 mph, 80,000 lb truck side impact

• Piping components; vacuum penetrations to tank• Several loss of vacuum incidents

• But no direct loss of gas; no safety relief valve openings• Extended stem cryogenic valve leaks / failures• Pressure, temperature, flow component failures• ‘breakaway‘ device failures• Piping cracks

• Telemetry alerts operating personnel to abnormal conditions• Trained personnel address the issue prior to any significant gas

loss


Chart LNG Fuel Tender Challenges

Operational challenges:• Pumps – not so simple to ramp up and down on demand with

cryogenic liquids• Pressure building – low supply pressures; sloshing liquid; small

lines• Durability of PLCs; VFDs• Operational coordination between tender and locomotive


Chart LNG Fuel Tender ChallengesOther challenges:

• Lack of familiarity with cryogenic fuels• LNG handles differently than diesel• LH2 can be even more different

• Colder; wider flammability range; small molecule• Less dense; more buoyant; invisible flame

• New, additional safety training and emergency responsepersonnel and equipment required.


LNG & CNG Vehicle Fueling


LNG & CNG Vehicle Fueling

LNG compared to CNG – Heavy Duty ApplicationsHighest energy density

Less space & weight requiredLonger driving range

Faster filling speedsEasily scalable infrastructureLower maintenance/ongoing costs

Longer tank life expectancyLower electricity costs at fuel stations


LCNG Option


Comparing to Hydrogen

Most Natural Gas fueling is done via pumpingMost Hydrogen fueling today is done via pressure transfer

Bulk transfer of GH2 and LH2

On-road H2 stations have pumps/compressor(s) that slowly fillhigh-pressure buffer tanks, but flow through dispenser is PT

Current pumps/compressors are too slow for direct fuelingChallenges with speed of fill and gas temperature

Physical properties of H2 make it difficult to pump “Easier” to pump LH2 vs. GH2

But fewer LH2 pump options than GH2 compression options



Hydrogen rail fueling possibilities:LH2 tenders

Use bulk trailers or tanks to fuel – Pump or PTGH2 tenders

Use tube trailers – PTOr possibility of a “L-GH2” fuel station? – Pump

© 2018 Chart Industries, Inc 22

www.ChartLNG.com

Thank you for your attention.

If you have further questions or comments, please contact us directly:

Scott Nason Reid LarsonProduct Mgr - Rail Products Group Product Mgr – Fueling SystemsChart Inc., D&S West Chart Inc., D&S [email protected] [email protected] Office 952-687-7857 mobile603-793-1595 mobile

http://www.chartindustries.com/

https://www.facebook.com/ChartInd

https://www.linkedin.com/company/27725?trk=tyah

https://twitter.com/Chartind

https://www.youtube.com/user/ChartIndustries

mailto:[email protected]



Hydrogen

Higher NER with Hydrogen vs. LNGLiquid air formation on uninsulated Liquid Hydrogen lines

Documents

LNG on the Rails--Precursor to LH2 on the Rails? · Presentation by Reid Larson and Scott Nason, Chart Industries, at the H2@Rail Workshop, held March 26-27, 2019, in Lansing, Michigan,