L. P. Khanal

HIGHWAY MATERIALS

MANUAL

About The Author

Laxmi Prasad Khanal has been long specific experience and excellent commanding in conducting all types test of construction materials, with more than 20 years of professional experience. During his service, he has worked as a senior Technician in many construction projects. Since his service, he has worked in organization of national, international construction

companies and government of Nepal Ministry of water resources department of irrigation. He has worked with many international and national top level consultants and long service experience in abroad in many countries with many construction companies’ projects; such as Roads, Bridges and Buildings. At present he is serving in abroad with one of the top construction company of Middle East as well as in the world.

hat made me interested to write Highway Materials Manual was my family and my colleague when I was working at biggest project in Oman. My interest was further enhanced while some newly graduate Civil Engineer students came in the Laboratory to learn with me about materials and laboratory testing. I am grateful to them.I also wish to express my sincere thanks to the all that who have extended their willing co-operation in the preparation of this book?My special gratefulness is to wife (S. Khanal) and my daughters for going through the manuscript with such diligence as to bring it into the present state.

Lastly I am grateful to …………………………………………for taking the responsibility of publishing this book.

L. P. Khanal

Acknowledgments

FOREWORD Exercising Quality control in the construction of highways required practical skill to be able to conduct Laboratory as well as field tests. Good materials control is a most important part of any construction project. Good materials control can only be maintained when the materials involved are properly representative sampled and accurately tested. The primary purpose of this book it is easy to make construction materials for properly sampled and tested. This book will be useful not only for new comer in the laboratory but it will act also as a guide for engineering of highways. This book has been prepared for the purpose of instructing and standardizing tests methods and acceptance procedures for all materials used in construction which is under the specified international standard (AASHTO, ASTM, BS and BSEN).There are many books written on this laboratory testing. Moreover, most of the books refer to only standards and not completed in one book for all Soil, Aggregates, Asphalts and concrete works. It has been the endeavor of the author to give as much information as possible for all the international standards and test procedures of theirs. The test methods presented in this book were adapted from the latest edition of the Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing of the American Association of state Highway and Transportation officials (AASHTO), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), British Standard (BS) and European Standard BSEN, the Asphalt Institute Manual Series No.2 (MS-2) the Portland Cement Association, the American Concrete Institute and British Standards Society. The adaptations were made as necessary to suit the specific needs of this book.

Table

Contents Pages

General knowledge 01 – 06Soil Section

07 – 37

Soil investigation

Grading Analysis

Finer particle than (0.075 and 0.063mm)

Determination Moisture content (Drying Method)

Determination Moisture content (Calcium Carbide Gas pressure method)

Determination of Soil Specific Gravity

Liquid Limit

Plastic Limit

Group of Index

Soil Classification Chart (AASHTO M-145)

Types of Modified proctor

Size and Tolerance of Moulds

Different Between Modified and Standard Proctor

Maximum dry Density Procedure (AASHTO)

Calculated sheet and dry density plotted curve

Proctor Sample preparation Table According to BS Standard

Maximum Dry Density Procedure (BS)

Calculated Sheet with plotted curve of dry density

In-Situ Field Density Test Procedure (BS)

In- Situ field Density Calculation sheet

In-Situ Field Density Test Procedure (ASTM & AASHTO)

In- Situ field Density Calculation sheet

Relative Density Test of Cohesionless soil test procedure

Calculation Sheet of Relative Density of Cohesionless soil

Field density of Rock soil (Procedure)

CBR Sample preparation & Test Procedure (AASHTO)

CBR penetration calculation and plotted Flow Chart (AASHTO)

CBR Sample preparation & Test Procedure (BS)

CBR penetration calculation and plotted Flow Chart (BS)

Aggregate Section

Los Angeles Abrasion test Procedure and Sample preparation table

(AASHTO & ASTM )

Los Angeles Abrasion Calculation table (AASHTO & ASTM )

Los Angeles Coefficient Value Sample Preparation (BSEN )

Los Angeles Coefficient Value Calculation Table (BSEN )

Description of Specific Gravity with test Procedures

ABBREVIATIONSAbbreviations Full Name

AASTHO American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials

ASTM American Society for Testing & Materials

BS British Standard

ACI American Concrete Institute

DIN Deutsche Industries Norm (German Standard)

EN Euro norm (European Standard)

ISO International Organization of Standardization

TRL Transport Research Laboratory

MS-2 Asphalt Institute Manual Series No. 2

MRDTM Materials and Research Department, Standard Method of Test

OBER Office of Biological and Environmental Research

SSPS Solid State Protection System

IBBM Internet – Based Business Model

ABE Agricultural Biological Engineering

ABS Associate in Business Science

ACCP Addictions Counseling Certificate Program

AAESD Association of Architects, Engineers, Surveyors & Draughtsman

ABRI Architecture and Building Research Institute

ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

AAAS American Association For the Advancement of Science

ABPP American Board of Professional Psychology

APTI Association for Psychological Type International

BSA Board of Scientific Affairs

AARL African American Research Library

ACRL Association of College & Research Libraries

ADTL Army Digital Training Library