Lj 100 Research

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WATER – SOLUBLE EXTRACT OF LJ100 (22% BIOACTIVE EURYPEPTIDES) TM AS A POTENTIAL NATURAL ENERGIZER

FOR HEALTHY AGING MEN

M.I.M. TAMBI, S. OTHMAN AND J.M. SAAD

Specialist Reproductive Research Center, National Population & Family Development Board, Ministry of Women & Family Development, Malaysia. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT Earlier studies on Eurycoma Longifolia have focused on the aphrodisiac properties as shown in mice and human testicular tissues. In this study, we intend to investigate the effects of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) on the testosterone, DHEA and SHBG levels in human subjects. We also intend to study the Quality of Life (QOL) events of the individuals who are taking the extract through PADAM score and Sexual Health Inventory (SHI) Questionnaires. METHODOLOGY Volunteers are selected among married men whose age ranged between 31-52 years. Apart from this, there were no other specific criteria for the selection of volunteers. Upon registration, the volunteers were asked to fill out two questionnaires: (1) a validated Sexual Health Inventory Questionnaire (SHIQ) and (2) the PADAM Score Questionnaire. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected from each individual to evaluate total testosterone hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels. Volunteers were then given a supply of the encapsulated LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) at 50mg dose to be consumed regularly for three consecutive weeks, twice daily, two capsules per day. Volunteers were requested to come for follow-up after weeks one and three. In these sessions, they were asked to fill out an updated set of the two questionnaires and provide blood samples for follow-up analysis.

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ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS SHIQ results showed 62% of the cases having an increased or maximum score. Breakdown of the results showed increase in sexual desire and success in the attempts at sexual intercourse while on treatment and related well with the PADAM score’s results showing improvement in sexual attempts and desire. PADAM score demonstrated that 82% of the cases showed a decrease in total score. The breakdown included: 91% improvement of sexual component, 73% improvement in the physical component, and 82% improvement of the psychological component. The Vasomotor score showed improvement in 52% of the subjects. The improvements of the first three components of the PADAM score reflect that consumption of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) resulted in improvement of their quality of life with regards to their physical, sexual, and psychological well being. Total testosterone levels were not significantly different between those raised and those declined in subjects, suggesting that LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) does not have any effect on steroidogensis. This suggests the feedback system is activated to ensure the testosterone levels are within the individuals needs range. Analysis of DHEA showed gradual increase in the level from 26% after 1 week to 47% after 3 weeks. This suggests that the extract may influence the DHEA production, which would in turn subsequently be aromatized to testosterone. SHBG analysis showed that levels were reduced in 36% of the cases after one week. The reduction went up to 66% after 3 weeks. This suggests that the extract could have an effect on the production of SHBG. Consequently, when SHBG level declines, the Free Testosterone Index (FTI) goes up. FTI analysis showed an escalation of 39% of subjects after 1 week and 73% after 3 weeks.

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THE ANABOLIC EFFECTS OF LJ100 (22% BIOACTIVE EURYPEPTIDES) TM

Introduction Eurycoma longifolia Jack, a tall shrub tree of a Simaroubaceace family is commonly found along the hilly jungle slopes of Malaysia and have been used for years as a traditional medicine to treat fever, ulcer, malarial, swelling and posses to reduce high blood pressure and fatigue. However, Eurycoma is better known for its aphrodisiac properties. Study by Ismail (2002) has shown that this herb enhanced sexual activities and increased free testosterone level in male. The increased in testosterone level via the administration of anabolic steroid and testosterone supplementation has shown to increase fat free mass, muscle size and muscle strength in men (Brodsky, 1996; Bhasin, 1997), which could be further amplified by strength training (Bhasin, 1996). In this study, we examined the increase in testosterone level via the administration of Eurycoma longifolia water soluble extract on body composition and muscle in men. Methods Fourteen healthy adult males (age 25.64 ± 3.73 years) received either 100 mg/day LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) (n = 7) or placebo (n = 7) for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, both groups performed an intensive strength training programme with initial load of 60% repetition maximum (RM), which was carried out on alternate days. A total of 10 exercises, which make up the circuit, were catered towards providing a total lower body and upper body workout. Each workout was done in 2 sets of 10 repetitions with 1 minute rest in between. The loads were gradually increased 10% per week. Body composition measurement using skinfold test was taken at two sites as recommended by Mc Ardle (1993). A standard strength test which comprised of 1 RM test was administered on the subject to determine their strength. The upper limb strength was measured by determining their ability to resist maximum load using the shoulder press machine (Nautilus, USA) following the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM, 2001) standard measurement procedure. The arm circumference measurement was taken using a measuring tape at proximal 1/3rd of the arm. Electromyography reading of the isometric contraction of bicep muscle was taken using the surface electrodes. Subjects were instructed to perform an isokinetic flexion of the elbow using free barbells with load of 10 kg for the durations of 5 seconds. The mean amplitude was analysed using the MyoResearch Software (Noraxon, USA). All the measurements were taken 1 day prior to supplementation LJ100 and placebo and training period, and 1 day after the completion of 8 weeks experiment. All data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer software version 10.0 (2000) for t-test, means and standard deviation. Statistical significance was established at p<0.05.

Sareena Hanim Hamzah & Ashril Yusof Department of Exercise Physiology, Sports Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

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Results The results for fat free mass, fat mass, 1 RM, arm circumference and sEMG of both groups are shown in Table 1. *Results of mean � SD for pre and post experiment showed significant difference (p<0.05) Table 1: The average fat free mass, fat mass, 1 RM test, arm circumference and sEMG of the group consuming LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) and placebo before and after the period of supplementation and training program. Fat free mass of the group supplemented with LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) showed a significant increment of approximately 2.1 kg. There were no significant changes in fat free mass in placebo. Body fat percentages were significantly decreased in treatment and placebo. However, a greater decrement was shown in treatment compared to placebo i.e. 9.14% and 6.57% respectively. The 1 RM test muscle strength test showed an increase in gross muscle power in both groups. The treatment group showed a greater increment in strength compared to placebo i.e. 6.78% and 2.77% respectively. The mean arm circumference in treatment group increased significantly by 1.8 cm following the supplementation while no significant

90.47 � 64.60* 121.77 � 40.0 98.8 � 50.10* 127.95 � 30.90 sEMG (µV)

32.67 � 1.96 * 30.87 � 1.88 30.7 � 3.86 29.8 � 3.70 Arm Circ. (cm)

78.71 �17.00 * 73.71 � 8.90 79.43 � 8.83*

77.29 � 8.90 1 RM

28.44 � 6.43 * 31.30 � 5.48 21.33 � 2.35* 22.83 � 2.43 Fat Mass (%)

54.39 ± 7.43*

52.26 � 7.18 52.77� 7.18 52.44� 3.77 FFM (kg)

Post (mean �� SD)

Pre (mean �� SD)

Post (mean �� SD)

Pre (mean �� SD)

Para meters

LJ100 (100 mg/d)

Placebo (100 mg/d)

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changes observed in placebo group. The mean sEMG reading of the treatment and placebo showed a significant decrement in values after going through the exercise program. However, the treatment group showed 2.92% higher reduction in electrical activity of the muscle measured at the end of the experiment period compared to placebo (25.70% and 22.78% respectively). During and after the administration of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides), no adverse effects were noted within the treatment group. Discussion / Conclusion In our study, although the testosterone level was not measured during the test period, an increased in fat free mass in treatment group may be linked to the rise in steroidal hormones in the body. The percentage of body fat appeared to decrease in both groups and this finding is in agreement with study by Brodsky (1996). A further decreased in fat mass of the treatment group could be explained by the higher metabolic rate after consuming LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides). The increment of muscle strength with strength training in treatment and placebo were consistent with the finding by Kraemer (1993) who contributed to the increased in testosterone level. In our study, we observed a greater muscle strength which related to a lower muscular neural firing rate in group that was given the plant extract compared to that was given placebo, which we suggest due to further increased in testosterone level. Jones and Round (1996) proposed that increases in strength are greater than increases in muscle size during the first 6-8 weeks of strength training. Thus, an increased in arm circumference observed in treatment group could be explained by testosterone enhancing effect of the extract. In conclusion, results obtained from this pilot study suggest that the administration of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) increase fat free mass, reduce fat mass, increase muscle strength and size, thus might be use as ergogenic aid. Further studies should be carried out to determine the mechanism of action at hormonal and molecular level.

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THE EFFECTS OF LJ100 (22% BIOACTIVE EURYPEPTIDES) TM ON FERTILITY & SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN MICE

Ali, J.M. & Saad

FERTILITY CONCLUSIONS:

Male mice treated with LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides)�yielded a litter size up to 76% larger than the control group. The number of male offspring in the treated group was also higher than the control group. The control group shows a ration of 1:1 male:female offspring. This result was in agreement with the theoretical postulation, which states that there is a 50:50 chance to get a female or male offspring in a mating combination. Mice treated showed a 3:1 ration of male:female offspring. This difference reflects the extract's preference toward the production of male offspring.

While the actual mechanism of the phenomenon is not yet known and will require further study, it is postulated that the extract may have a selective action towards the Y sperm during spermatogenesis or it prefers to enhance the development and fertilization of Y sperm. This can be the result of the Y sperm requiring smaller amount of genetic material, which causes the reduction of volume and weight. If the motility rate of sperm is much higher due to glycolysis and the postulated synergism of the increased energy metabolism of the sperm exists, these factors would combine in allowing the Y sperm preference in fertilizing the ova.

Comments on the effects of LJ100 (22% BIOACTIVE EURYPEPTIDES) on Sexual Behavior

From the results, it can be seen that the treated male mice show a higher frequency of mounting compared to the control group.

POSTULUATED CAUSE: Increased Testosterone is effecting on Spermatogenesis

Historical studies have established that androgens are essential for the maintenance of the cellular and secratory integrity of the excurrent duct system and thus they may act indirectly to influence the viability of the spermatozoa during storage in vivo. It was reported that the stimulation of glycolytic activity in ejaculated bull spermatozoa was relatively higher in the presence of testosterone and androstenedione. Thus, the increased serum titer of testosterone is postulated to cause elevated testosterone concentration in the semen and eventually will stimulate glycolysis in sperm cells. Additionally, testosterone is renowned biochemically for its anabolic nature and net effect of increasing metabolic rate and enhancing the process

of biosynthesis.��

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LJ100 (22% BIOACTIVE EURYPEPTIDES) Saliva Testosterone Test Saliva Testosterone Test of 9 Individuals 26-52 years of Age Dosage 2x2(50mg/capsules) morning & evening for 10 days Normal range for athlete 800 = 150ng/dl of blood Volunteer age pre treatment after treatment % ng/dl blood ng/dl blood Increase 1 26 860 = 30 1,650 = 50 91.86% 2 28 580 = 30 985 = 35 69.83% 3 35 875 = 40 1, 576 = 60 80.11% 4 24 950 = 45 2,210 = 55 132.63% 5 29 755 = 30 1,345 = 35 78.15% 6 48 650 = 20 875 = 30 34.62% 7 52 450 = 25 765 = 35 70.00% 8 50 585 = 25 875 = 35 49.57% 9 42 350 = 30 480 = 35 37.14% Data – preliminary data - more work to be carried out Volunteers 1-5 are athletes - data are an average of 3 different studies at different times Volunteers 6-9 do not exercise on a regular basis

Effects of LJ100 (22% BIOACTIVE EURYPEPTIDES) Extract on animal

testosterone

Animal Increase % Mice 479% Rat 380% Rabbit 320% *Human testicular homogenate ( in vitro) 440%

J.M Saad et al 1995

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Androgen Biosynthesis Androgen, or male sex hormone, is defined as a substance capable of developing and maintaining masculine sexual characteristics (including the genital tract, secondary sexual characteristics and fertility) and the anabolic status of somatic tissues. Preliminary Biological Activity: Preliminary biological activity: i) testosterone level - incubation of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) extract in rat testicular homogenate - steroid hormones (testosterone) analysis – capillary gas chromatography Steroid Hormone Level� LJ100 Extract� Control�Testosterone� 33..9911 ±±00..7733 � 11..5533 ±±00..1199 �

Progesterone� 2233..6622 ±±11..2255 � trace�

17-OH Progesterone� 55..2288 ±±00..4466 � 00..9955 ±±00..2233 �LJ100 increase Testosterone and Progesterone level. Low amount of pregnenolone and 17-OH pregnenolone suggests that Eurypeptides in LJ100 helps to activate enzymes activities that convert pregnenolone and 17-OH pregnenolone into progesterone and 17-OH progesterone. Control Prenenolone LJ100 An α 2.52 1.62 6.64

* +0.12 +0.28 +0.44

An β & 2.64 1.99 0.38

Andien β +0.09 +0.44 +0.11

An α, an β, and andien β are steroid metabolites that belongs to 16-androstenes steroid family, also known as pheromones are axillary secretion responsible in the synthesis of odour. Pregnenolone acted as the precursor for the synthesis of pheromones. An α plays an important role in communication, psychological and sexual behavior both in human and animals. This study shows that Eurypeptides in ��TM ��

�� is not only capable in increasing the testosterone production but at the same time it also influences the synthesis of pheromones. Pregnenolone metabolite analysis in mice

ug steroid/10 mg protein��Steroid Extract� Blank� Control� LJ100 (2)� LJ100 (3)�

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5αααα-androstenone � *� *� *� *�

androstenedione � *� *� *� 0.08�

andien ββββ & an-ββββ � 4.05� 2.68� 0.88� 1.42�

an-αααα � 22.57� 32.7� 109.99� 207.26�

5-androstediol � *� *� *� *�

5αααα-DHT � *� *� *� *�

4-androstenedione �*� *� *� 0.07�

testosterone 180% increase�� 0.98� 1.68� 2.43� 2.37�

5αααα-androstane-diol *� *� *� *�

7-OH preg � 2.43� 5.15� 1.41� 1.31�

progesterone 190% increase�� 3.36� 6.39� 12.30� 13.20�

Note that there is no elevation of the dihydrotestosterone.

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Treatment� Testosterone Concentration (pg/ml) � % increase�

Control� 88..9922 ±±11..6688 � �

Hcg (-0.05IU/ml)� 1133..1144 ±±22..6611 � 47.27�

Lac (10ul/ml)� 1133..0033 ±±33..1100 � 46.11�

LJ100 � 1199..3388 ±±22..7700 � 119.77�5 x 10 4 cells/100 ul of rat leydig cells were used. 75ug/ml of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) were added into cell cultures medium. Cells were treated with the samples and controls and incubated for an hour with 5% CO2 at 37C and further assayed by EIA procedure for the determination of testosterone concentration. Enzyme Immunoassay Analysis (EIA) showed a significant increase in testosterone concentration following incubation with LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) compared to the controls and positive controls. The result suggest that Eurypeptides has the capability to elevate testosterone concentration in the leydig cells up to 120%.

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�

GGeennee EExxpprreessssiioonn AAnnaallyyssiiss

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Based on the steroid biosynthesis pathways, CYP17 was selected for this study; CYP17 that converts pregnelolone → 17-OH pregnenolone → DHEA or Progesterone → 17-OH progesterone → Androstenedione

RReellaattiivvee vvaalluueess ffoorr CCYYPP1177 ggeennee ffoolllloowwiinngg iinnccuubbaattiioonn wwiitthh LLJJ110000 ((2222%% BBIIOOAACCTTIIVVEE EEUURRYYPPEEPPTTIIDDEESS)) Treatment� � � � � � � � � � � � � �� hcg� 11..115577 ±± 228822..00 �

LJ100 � 33..880077 ±± 00..559900 �

CYP17 (17 α-hyroxylase/17,20 lyase) involves in the early stage of steroid biosynthesis. Result from this study showed that Eurypeptides in LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) significantly increased the expression of CYP17 gene compred to the positive control (hCG). The observed effect towards CYP17 gene expression might suggests that more of this enzyme is being produced, which will enhanced the matabolism of pregnenolone and 17-OH pregnenolone to yield more dehyroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as well as the metabolism of progesterone and 17-OH progesterone to 4-androstenedione. This process is important in testosterone biosynthesis as DHEA and 4-androstenedione will be directly converted to testosterone.

Conclusion:

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((cc)) ssiiggnniiffiiccaannttllyy aanndd ppoossiittiivveellyy aaffffeeccttss CCYYPP1177 ggeenneess eexxpprreessssiioonn lleevveellss:: bbiioollooggiiccaallllyy aaccttiivvee (d) no toxic effect towards leydig cells at the concentration 500ug/ml

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Aphrodisiac Properties of ��TM ��

Project leader: Dr. Azimahtol Hawariah Lope Pihie Project name: Biochemical mechanisms of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) aphrodisiac properties – Investigations on the effect of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) on penile erection. 1. Effect of LJ100 (22% BIOACTIVE EURYPEPTIDES) extract on the levels of cAMP and cGMP of rabbit corpus cavernosa. The molecular physiology of penile erection is characterized by the sexual stimulus which leads to the release of nitrous oxide from nor-adrenergic nerve ends which then causes an increase in guanilate cyclase activity. Hence, an increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) causes the relaxation of tubercular smooth muscles in corpus cavernosa followed by penile erection. Likewise, increases on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels also stimulates the relaxation phase on the smooth muscle cells which ultimately causes penile erection. The effect of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) was then compared with the effectiveness of sildenafil citrate (viagra) in triggering penile erection. Corpus cavernosum tissues were treated with LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) and sildenafil citrate at different concentrations and incubation time. This was done by incubating the rabbit tissues in Dulbelco’s Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) containing various concentration of extract (0, 1.25, 1.875, 2.5, 3.125 and 3.75 µg/ml) and then measuring the cGMP and cAMP level using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) kit. Prior to this, the optimum concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a stimulus for nitric oxide formation and guanylate cyclase activated, were determined. Significant findings 1. LJ100 (22% BIOACTIVE EURYPEPTIDES) extract increased the level of cGMP in rabbit corpus cavernosum to almost 4-fold. In the presence of SNP (10 µm) LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) increased cGMP in rabbit corpus cavernosum with increasing concentrations (1.25 – 3.125 µg/ml). The effective concentration of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) is 3.125 µg/ml at 30 minutes incubation. The increase was greatest (5.298pM/mg tissue) compared to control (1.2pM/mg tissue), representing a 4-fold increase. For comparison, a similar study was also carried out using sildenafil citrate, an anti-impotency pill known to act via elevation of cGMP. Sildenafil citrate increases cGMP in rabbit corpus cavernosum with increasing concentrations (10-7-10-4M) in response to SNP (10µM). The effective concentration of sildenafil citrate is

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10-4M which increases cGMP up 4.832pM/mg tissue compared to control (0.8pM/mg tissue). The erectogenic effect of sildenafil citrate is mediated by specific enhancement of cGMP accumulation in the corpus cavernosum, consistent with the known activity of sildenafil as a potent and selective inhibitor of cGMP-phosphodiesterase 5 (cGMP-PDE5). The result from preliminary study shows that the mechanism of action of LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) is similar to sildenafil citrate. 2. LJ100 (22% BIOACTIVE EURYPEPTIDES) enhances the level of cAMP in rabbit corpus cavernosum; a phenomenon not observed with Viagra. Effect of sildenafil citrate (viagra) with concenration 10-4M, 10-5M, 10-6M and 10-7M on cAMP levels also was studied in this research. From the results, LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) was found to increase cAMP levels in corpus cavernosum and there were no significant increases of cAMP levels in the corpus cavernosum tissue treated with Viagra. Results of this study validate the physiological observations of the aphrodisiac properties of whereby LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) is found to increase and enhance the levels of cGMP and cAMP on a time and concentration dependent manner in the rabbit corpus cavernosa tissue, even in the absence of sexual stimuli. The increase in both second messengers indicates smooth muscle relaxation and this can be extrapolated to a penile erection in a in vivo.

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HUMAN CLINICAL STUDY AND OBSERVATIONS OF ��TM ��

�� DR MOHD. ISMAIL TAMBI DR. AZIZOL ABDUL KADIR Consultant and Specialist and Director of Medicinal Plants Division Damai Hospital, Kuala Lumpur Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM) Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia Various dosage levels of ��TM �� extract were administered: 200mg, 400mg and 600mg on volunteers (men) of different ages and health status were used in this studied. Profiles of vital body functions were analyzed: blood profile, lipid profile (including triglycerides and cholesterol), liver function, renal function, electrolytes, various tumor markers, immune reaction and various hormones. Important Findings: Quality of Life Questionaires i) Sexual Health Inventory for Man (SHIM) Majority of the volunteers showed that the SHIM scores were elevated to upper normal from the first week follow-up. The volunteers (men) claimed good sexual health and strength. ii) Aging Male Score Majority of the volunteers (men) scored higher before taking ��TM ��

which indicated health problems prior taking ��TM �� . The levels then lowered of first follow-up. However, this result is not a significant indicator on quality of life. Full Blood Examination (Hemoglobin, RBC, WCC, Differential Count, Platelet Count, PCV,MCH/MCV,MCHC,ESR) No changes in the blood profile of the volunteers (men) taking ��TM �� Platelet stabilized and hemoglobin was normal. Therefore, it is safe to infer that at various dosage of ��TM �� we believed that it will not interfere with the platelets count or the hemoglobin and are not toxic to the RBC (volume and integrity of the cell membrane). Liver Function Test Study showed that it is safe to infer that ��TM �� has no liver toxicity even at high dosage (600mg). Renal Function Test Analysis of the blood for the above test showed that taking ��TM �� has no deleterious effect on the renal system even for men whose renal function are affected (as seen in the diabetics). Some volunteers showed improved or normal levels of uric acid at end of trials.

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Lipid Studies There is a trend in the improvement in high-density lipoprotein( HDL Cholesterol –good cholesterol) levels. Elevations of HDL are normally associated with a low risk of heart attack. Diabetic Screening Diabetes can occur when the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin or if the cells of the body become resistant to insulin. Hence, the blood sugar cannot get into the cells. Volunteers who were diabetic, showed significant effect on lowering the blood glucose levels. However, more detailed study need to be carried out regarding the effect of ��TM �� on diabetic patient. Bones and Joints The Rheumatoid Factor, the marker to detect problem of the joint were within normal limits for all the volunteers throughout the trial. Uric acid levels were within normal limits throughout the trial period. Calcium levels were normal throughout the trial period. Cortisol Cortisol levels were found to be at the higher normal level for majority of the volunteers on ��TM ��

�� . It is safe to infer that ��TM has a positive influence on the adrenal gland and modulates the release of cortisol. Some important benefits of high cortisol are the enhancement of immune response during illness and body defense during health problems. Insulin In some volunteers who were having Type 2 Diabetes showed improve blood sugar levels. More detailed study required for further explanation. Tumor marker (PSA –Prostate Specific Antigen) PSA is an important marker for detection of any prostate pathology. High levels of PSA might lead to a prostate tumor. Considering that high levels of testosterone particularly dehydrotestosterone might triggered prostate enlargement, this could be identify through monitoring of PSA. Results showed that tumor marker was within normal level even at 600mg dosage. Thyroxin Low thyroxin indicates low BMR (Basal Body Metabolism Rate). Majority of volunteers on ��TM have high normal level of thyroxine compared to the placebo group. This might mean slight higher metabolism rate which can be translated to weight management. IGF-1

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IGF-1 is produced in the liver which regulates cellular growth and development. It’s also regulates the premature reduction of hormones because of cellular apoptosis (cell death). IGF-1 increases muscle bulk, lean body and cell regeneration which also known as anti-aging hormone. Results showed that volunteers consumed LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) were found to have high normal level of IGF-1. It is safe to infer that LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) may have secretagogue effect on Growth Hormone and modulates the released of IGF-1. From this results, we may suggest that LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) should also be considered as a good healthy aging supplement. CONCLUSIONS LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) is non toxic even at a high dose of 600mg to the liver function, renal function, hematological profile, lipid profile, body electrolytes, and body immune system as well as the cancer markers, specifically PSA or Prostate Specific Antigen and the various hormones in the body. Overall the effects on the various hormones are also positive. Earlier studies has shown that LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) enhanced total testosterone and DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) which also modulate testosterone level, ensuring enough free testosterone for the body’s need. LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) also increases HDL levels (of Cholesterol) and may be useful as a natural source of HDL booster. The effect on Cortisol is positive with regards to body “wellness” (aging). Preliminary results indicated that LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) may have an effect on growth hormone and modulates the released of IGF-1. With all these findings, LJ100 (22% Bioactive Eurypeptides) is not only a potential natural sex stimulant and energizer but most important function will be as health supplement in the maintenance and regulation of healthy aging. These findings also support the old folks claim that Tongkat Ali has an anti aging property, locally termed as ‘awet muda’.

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