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Living in South Living in South AsiaAsiaCh. 25.1
AgricultureAgriculture• 60% are in agriculture (India/
Bangladesh)–Mostly subsistence farming
–Large use of animal power• Plowing, waterwheels, work of tractor
–Dependent on rainfall
AgricultureAgriculture• Terracing in the highlands
• Fruit orchards in Pakistan
• Rice in Bangladesh/India (4th/2nd)–Small farms in India
• Huge tea/rubber/coconut plantations in Sri Lanka (thanks to Europe)–S.L. now has to import many foods
Green RevolutionGreen Revolution• Since 1960s: want to increase
and diversify crops• Diversify crops, monitor irrigation,
introduction of new fertilizers.
–India can now store and export grains
–Monsoons, though, interrupt cycles & modernization costs $$$
IndustriesIndustries• India’s economy- after independence
in 1947 socialist (more govn’t control)
• Expanded home industry to be self-sufficient (slow growth for decades)
• But in 1990s, economic crisis led to market economy consumerism skyrocketed (2nd to U.S.)
IndustriesIndustries• Textiles is huge (38 million workers)
• Grew out of history of cottage industries (employ workers in home)–Gandhi used spinning wheel as
symbol of strength & independence for India
IndustriesIndustries• Mining and fishing are still prevalent
–Petroleum in Pak., graphite in S.L.
–Bang. = commercial fishers vs. local
• Iron & steel are major heavy industries–Ship Breaking dismantle and melt
down old ships
Chittagong, Bangladesh
IndustriesIndustries• High-Technology Sector- computer,
communications, aerospace, software–Bangalore & Hyderabad= “India’s
Silicon Valley”
–India is 2nd largest exporter of software
Outsourcing/Outsourcing/OffshoringOffshoring
• Transfer of management or production to another country–Lower labor & energy costs–Efficient land use–Foundations for global expansion
• India is known for call centers, but that is w/ higher education.
TourismTourism• Come to hike, hunt in Himalayas
• See India’s temples & festivals (millions of ppl per year)
• But religious and political violence is causing a drop in tourism (S.L., Kashmir)
• Some restrict tourists to preserve environ.– Bhutan ( <5,000 tourist visas ea. year)
What’s the What’s the Problem?Problem?
Labor Force of India
• Agriculture: 60%
• Industry: 12%
• Services: 28%
Gross Domestic Product
• Agriculture: 20%
• Industry: 19%
• Services: 61%