Livestock India

7/27/2019 Livestock India

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Export Statistics Indian buffalo meat is witnessing strong demand in international markets due to

its lean character and near organic nature. Exported Buffalo meat from India

have increased from 726287.27 MT with the value of Rs 8607.79 crores in 2010-

11 to 1106965.20 MT with the value of Rs 17400.60 crores in 2012-13 Indias exports of poultry products has also increased from 516753.83 MT with

the value of Rs. 314.27 Crores in 2010-11 to 577812.60 MT with the value of Rs

494.14 Crores in 2012-13

Indias exports of processed meat increased from 1305.96 MT with the value of

Rs 19.50 crores in 2010-11 to 1330.86 MT with the value of Rs.21.56 crores in

2012-13 Indias export of sheep/goat meat has increased from 12298.38 MT with the

value of Rs 258.79crores in 2010-11 to 16046.90MT with the value of Rs.425.66

crores in 2012-13 The top five destinations for export of Indian sheep/goat meat during 2012-13

were United Arab Emirates (47.87%), Saudi Arabia (29.53%), Qatar (10.25%),

Kuwait (6.53%) and Oman (2.21%) As the country's livestock industry is changing, India attempts to become a key

player in the global meat market. The major destinations for export of Indian poultry products for the year 2012-13

were Afghanistan (15.82%), Saudi Arabia (9.12%), Indonesia (7.59%), Germany

(7.48%) and Netherlands (7.33%) The top five destinations for export of Indian processed meat products for the

year 2012-13 were Thailand (27.80%), Australia (19.90%), Myanmar (15.30%),

United Arab Emirates (12.86%) and Saudi Arabia (8.20%)


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Indias export of animal casing products has reached 602.53 MT with the value of

18.37 crores for the year 2012-13. The major importer of Indian animal casings

for the year 2012-13 were Albania( 28.65%), South Africa(10.90%), Lebanon

(10.32%), Egypt Arab Republic (9.67%) and Syria (9.43%)(Source: DGCIS Annual Data)

Livestock sector is one of the most important components of agriculture in India. The valueof the output from livestock and fisheries sectors together stood at about Rs. 148,954 crores(US $ 31,000 Million) during 1998-99 (Rs. 123,076 crores, equivalent to US $ 28,000Million, for Livestock sector and US $ 59,00 Million for fisheries), which accounts for 27 percent of the value of the output of Rs. 553,175 crores (US $ 115,300 Millions) from total

Agriculture and the allied fields. (Planning Commission, 2001).

Meat production is estimated at 4.9 million tones, standing eighth in rank in the worlds meatproduction. Buffalo in India contributes about 30% of total meat production. The contributionby cattle, sheep, goats and poultry is 30%, 5%, 10%, 10.2% and 11.5%, respectively.

In spite of big potential because of large livestock population, the meat industry in India has

not taken its due share. Although India has acquired number one status in the worldcontributing 13% of world milk production, the meat production, which jibes well withdairying, is very low. During the last 25 years, it has only increased from 764,000 tones in1970-71 to 4.9 million tones valued at Rs. 21,900 crores (US $ 4600 Million), (FAO, 2000,Planning Commission of India, 2001). The compound average growth rate during the lasttwo decades works out to 4.6% as against 21% during the last 5 years (Table 1), whichshows it, is now the fastest growing segment of livestock sector.

The trends in livestock population, slaughter rate (number slaughtered as percentage ofpopulation), carcass weight and meat production in India over 2 decades 1975-2000 areshown in Table 2 (Ranjhan, 2002, FAO, 2000). It is noticed that about 6% cattle, 11%buffaloes, 33% sheep, 38% goats and 84% pigs are slaughtered each year.

The share of bovine meat in the total meat production in India is about 60% as against smallruminants (15%), pigs (10%) and poultry (12%).

There are many reasons for the slow growth of the meat industry, including the negativeattitude of public towards meat on account of misinformation campaign, and socio-politicalconsiderations. Most meats are sold in the domestic market without proper sanitaryinspection by the veterinarians. Mostly small animals, sheep, goats and pigs are


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slaughtered in unregistered slaughter houses in small numbers ranging from 2 10 by theindividual butchers and meat is sold fresh on the same day. However, large numbers areslaughtered in the modern state-of-the-art abattoirs following world class sanitary andphytosanitary measures.

Export of Meat

Indias international trade in livestock and livestock products is mainly in live animals (17%),meat and meat products (82%), dairy products and eggs (1%). At the global level, Indias

exports and imports account for only 0.17% of each. Meat and meat products havedominated the exports from livestock.

The major export of meat is of buffaloes, which is shown in Table 3. The export of sheepand goat meat is less and is shown in Table 4. It may be seen that export of buffalo meathas increased significantly in the last five years. The export of buffalo meat in 1997-98 was176,328 M.T., which was increased to 243,356 M.T. in 2001-2002. Accounting for anincrease of 43%. During 2000-2001, the increase was even greater which stood at 47%.The export of small ruminant meat (sheep and goat) has decreased during the last fiveyears. The export of sheep and goat meat registered in 1`997-98 was 7546 M.T., whichcame down to 3915 M.T. in 2001-2002 thus showing a fall of 35%. This has been due to thereduction in the import by Saudi Arabia. Now this market has opened for Indian meat, theexport of sheep and goat meat will increase.

Challenges and Opportunities for Indian Meat Industry

(I) Setting up of the State of Art-Abattoir-cum-Meat Processing Plants

(II) Packaging of Technologies to raise male Buffalo Calves for Meat Production

(III) Buffalo Rearing under Contractual Farming as Backward Integration To the ModernAbattoirs for Meat Production

(IV) Establishing Disease-Free Zones for Rearing Animals
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If India had the GreenRevolution, the WhiteRevolution, and the BlueRevolution, canthePink Revolutionbe far behind? The Green Revolution had led to self-sufficiency infood grains, the White Revolution saw India occupy the Number One Position in milkproduction in the world, and the Blue Revolution brought about increase in fish production.This proves that the Indian farmer is

Progressive. What he needs is the lead in the right direction. Contribution of buffalo inbringing about the White Revolution in India is well known. India is now poised to achievethe Pink Revolution through buffalo. If this could be done, India can also achieve theNumber one position in meat production. This could be achieved by reducing the mortalityrate in male Buffalo calves (80%), and rearing the animals scientifically for quality meatproduction, For example, about ten million buffalo calves, which were otherwise eliminatedin their very infancy, would become available for quality meat production. This will raise thestandard of living of small and marginal farmers in the long run. Meat production has beenneglected, and has not been given adequate attention by the scientists, policy makers, andentrepreneurs, coupled with lack of political will. If all these are combined, the meatproduction can be greatly enhanced. Meat produ ction is int im ately l inked to quali ty

leather productio nin which India has acquired Number Two position in the world afterItaly. If substantive support is given by the Government, both meat and leather can alsoachieve Number One position in the world, like milk.

In order to achieve the Pink Revolution, the following steps have been taken by theGovernment and the entrepreneurs in India. The Government and the Private Sector havealready initiated many of the steps.

(I) Setting up of the State of Art-Abattoir-cum-Meat Processing Plants

The recent trend in India is to establish latest state-of-the-art abattoirs-cum-meat processingplants. India has already established 10 most modern state-of-art mechanized abattoirs-cum-meat processing plants in various States based on slaughtering buffaloes and sheep.These plants are environment friendly, where all the slaughterhouse byproducts are utilizedin production of meat-cum-bone meal, Tallow, bone chips etc. They are also adoptingappropriate technologies to obtain value added products. These plants have effluenttreatment devices which treat all the washings of abattoirs, lair age etc. to safe waterdischarge having 30 PPM of BOD. A few more (eight) are under construction.

The plants follow all the sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures required by theInternational Animal Health code of O.I.E. Having no social taboo, like the cow in India, withbuffalo slaughter, these plants mostly produce buffalo meat for export. India is becoming amajor buffalo meat producing country and will be a main player in the international market

with additional establishment of the state-of-art-abattoirs cum meat processing plants andcontrol of FMD in three zones in few years from now.

There are also four integrated poultry meat-processing plants, which follow sanitary, andphytosanitary measures of world class. The largest plant is of Venkatesara Hatcheries.


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(II) Packaging of Technologies to raise male Buffalo Calves for MeatProduction

In India, every year, about 10 million male calves are removed from the buffalo productionsystem due to intentional killing by the farmers to save dams milk due to non-remunerativecost of raising male animals, thus incurring a loss of about US $ 11 million per annum.

These calves could be salvaged for meat production, which will not only improve theeconomic condition of the farmers but also would increase meat production for domesticconsumption and export market.

In India intensive feeding of male buffalo calves has started for meat production. The malecalves at the age of 6 - 8 months purchased from the farmers are quarantined for 15 daysduring which vaccination and de-worming are provided. Thereafter, they are fed on highprotein/high energy diet to put on a weight of 120 kg in 4 months to produce quality meat.(Photograph 8) They are never fed on antibiotics, hormones and growth promoters. Theyare raised in organic farming. Meat from such animals is tender, lean and juicy and goes tothe wet market.

(III) Buffalo Rearing under Contractual Farming as BackwardIntegration To the Modern Abattoirs for Meat Production

A strong need has been felt to establish a production base around each modern abattoir toproduce quality disease-free animals as per the sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS)requirements of O.I.E. Hind Livestock Development Foundation has established a modelbackward integration with 110,000 farmers who are raising more than half a millionbuffaloes in 2,200 villages under contractual farming system (Photographs 9, 10, 11 & 12).The Foundation is providing animal health, animal feeding and extension managementservices to the farmers at their doorsteps. The marketing of the animals to the meat plant isorganized by the Foundation to pay them remunerative prices. This has reduced the

mortality in the male calves as inputs for animal rearing are provided by the Company invaccination, de-worming and feeds.

(IV) Establishing Disease-Free Zones for Rearing Animals

India is now fortunately free from most of the trade related diseases listed at List A of theOffice International des Epizooties (OIE), namely, Rinderpest, Contagious BovinePleuropneumonia (CBPP), etc. India has also not reported.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalapathy (BSE Mad Cow Disease). However, Foot and MouthDisease (FMD) is still prevalent in an endemic form in some States in India. The

Government of India has established 3 Zones with 56 Districts to control FMD in the TenthFive Year Plan. These Zones are in the North, Central and Southern zone where most ofthe EOU plants are located. Hopefully, in another 2 3 years, OIE recognized FMD freezones with vaccination would be established in the country, which will further boost meatexport. The Project has started with 100% financial assistance from the CentralGovernment. Training of the Veterinarians and purchase of vaccines have been completed.The mass vaccination has started from October 2003.


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Issues for Buffalo Meat Development

(I) Discrimination Against Buffalo

(II) Buffalo as a Tool for Food Security and Rural Employment

(III) Price Parity with Cattle Beef

(IV) Organization of Meat Sector Harmonization of Standards for Buffalo Meat

(V) Research and Development in Meat Sector

In India due to religious bias, cattle (cow and its progeny) are not slaughtered since themajority of Hindu community does not eat beef. Further, even the non-vegetarian population

which consists of about 70% of meat eating population, and its products, eat meat only 2 or3 times in a week. Therefore, Indians are considered to be vegetarian. Since buffalo meat isnot consumed to the extent to which it has the potential, it is surplus for export unlikegoat/sheep/poultry meat, which is consumed by all non-vegetarians. In order promotebuffalo for meat production.

The following issues deserve serious consideration:

(I) Discrimination Against Buffalo

Buffalo is a great friend of man. It is not a draught animal only. It also gives milk and meat tothe teeming millions at affordable prices. However, this animal has not been given its dueplace in the livestock sector. Paradoxically, it is discriminated against merely on account ofits dark color. This is clear apartheid against buffalo in relation to its other cousins. On theother hand, it will not be an exaggeration if buffalo is recognized as black gold.

(II) Buffalo as a Tool for Food Security and Rural Employment

Buffalo if reared properly in hygienic environments, would provide food security and ruralemployment to the small and marginal farmer. This would be possible only if its byproductsare exploited ingenuously for benefit of mankind. Buffalo produces good quality of milk andmeat. Its meat is lean, low in cholesterol and has excellent blending quality for production ofcorn beef, hot dogs and sausages.

(III) Price Parity with Cattle Beef

The international prices of buffalo meat are low as compared to the cattle beef. On thecontrary, the prices of buffalo meat should be higher as it is lean, has low cholesterol andthere have been no incidence of BSE from any part of Asia in buffalo. When raised infeedlot on high protein/high energy diet, the buffalo meat is tender and juicy as that of beef.
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(IV) Organization of Meat Sector Harmonization of Standards forBuffalo Meat

There is need for harmonization of national standards for buffalo meat on the lines of beef.

Proper Organization of Cattle Markets

The meat animals are raised by the farmers, namely, sheep, goats, pigs etc. The farmers insmall hold farming also raise the large animals. There are three stages through which theanimal passes as has been shown in the figure below. At each stage, 15 25% cost isadded till the animal reaches the slaughterhouse. This excludes the cost of transportationThe surplus stock is sold to the primary trader in the village itself or it could be taken by thefarmers to the weekly animal markets near the village where the secondary traders who arefinancially better off purchase the animals from the small collector. This trader alsopurchases the animals from the market to supply them to the main slaughterhouses forexport. Usually, this should be the stage at which Municipal/State Government Veterinarianshould carry out examination of each animal to ascertain that it is fit for slaughter and also

fit for human consumption.

The Government ought to modernize the cattle markets where end users should have anaccess to the farmers animals rather than the involvement of the agents in between. Thereshould be a weighbridge and purchase prices should be displayed. This will give properprice to the farmers.


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(V) Research and Development in Meat Sector

In India, there are many research Institutions, namely, National Dairy Research Institute,Karnal, and National Dairy Development Board, Pradeshik Dairy Development Federationetc. However, in meat there is none so far. Recently, the Indian Council of AgriculturalResearch (ICAR) has established a National Research Center on Meat in Hyderabad. Agood beginning has been made. However, it needs a full-fledged Research Institute on thelines of Dairy Institute, namely, NDRI, Karnal

Documents

Livestock India