Livestock and environmental pollution_Viet Nam

8/7/2019 Livestock and environmental pollution_Viet Nam

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Current issues in

AnimalProduction andNutritionH0270261

Livestock wastemanagement : ACase study of VietNam

By: Osibot e Bankole O.


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Objectives Environmental impacts of livestockproduction

Livestock industry in Viet Nam

Current state of Livestock wastemanagement in Viet Nam

Projected growth of humanpopulation and impacts onlivestock industry and theenvironment

Efforts at improvement

Conclusion


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Environmental impacts of livestock

production All livestock sectors implicated

Dairy and beef cattle, poultry, smallruminants, pigs

Affect air, water, soil and biodiversity Air- gaseous emissions and dust

Water (esp. South China sea)- excessivenutrients (ponds), drug residues,pathogens, BOD, biodiversity

Soil- nutrient overloading, drugresidues, erosion


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Livestock industry in Viet Nam

Agriculture gave about 23% of GDP in2009 of which livestock gave 6%

Population of livestock species Cattle and buffalo-10million heads

Pigs-27million heads (71% of total pdn.)

Poultry-220million heads

Sheep-56,800 heads

Goat-1.6million heads


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Current state of Livestock wastemanagement in Viet Nam

Traditional short cycle of livestock + cropproduction> diminishing.Total livestock waste 73 million tons per year Cattle- commands good price>used as

fertilizer for pasture, coffee, pepper andfruit-trees, biogas Poultry- highly valued>commands premium

price>used for fish feeding, coffee,pepper, fruit-trees and biogas

Pig- undeveloped market>low price, notwidely used for fertilisation, given free inrainy season

Source: Institut e for en vironment al science and te chnology(INEST) 2 010


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Pig manure Problems

Offensive odour Very watery (water required for cooling pigs,

washing floors) and bulky to transport Hot> believed to cause damage to crops Levels of production> amounts of manure Disease scare (FMD outbreak) Inorganic fertilizer cheaper and more convenient to

use

Successfully used for:o Feeding fisho Biogaso Irrigation of crop land through canalso Transported to crop and fruit-tree areas


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Biogas production Anaerobic digestion of manure to

produce:

Cooking gas Heating young animal housing

Benefits biochemical status of manure

Anaerobic fermentation survival andgrowth of pathogens and intestinalparasites


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Current growth of livestock industry

Livestock is the fastest growing sub-sector with an annual growth of 4% at2009

Unit: 1000 heads

Adapted from General Statistics Office(2009)


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Projected growth of human populationand impacts on livestock industry and

the environment

Bulk of population growth expected in

developing countries like Viet Nam Accompanied by income levels

Urbanisation demand for animal products

industrialisation of livestockproduction

waste production>pollution?


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Projected growth of livestock industry

Projected to be 42% of agriculturescontribution to GDP by 2020 (from27% in 2009)

Source: Vietnam Ministry of agriculture and ruraldevelopment (MARD)


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Farmers traditionally use as manure, fish feedand biogas is been widely promoted.Challenges:

Only 7 % of farms use waste managementtechnology No reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus

content of manure Skills lacking for adequate maintenance

More efficient models more expensive andunaffordable for rural farmers Increasing intensification of production >

less concern for environment


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Scientists

Cheaper and simpler biodigester

technologies are constantly beingresearched and developed Research into better feed utilisation to

reduce nutrient excretion by animals Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)

-Biocomposting -Adult flies, high quality animal feed -Biodiesel production


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The government of Viet Nam- Policy Relocation of intensive livestock farms to

reserved areas (with low water tables)

Assistance and financial support for familiesthrough the Viet Nam bank for ruraldevelopment

Imposition of taxes/levies for farms and otherwaste generating plants for excess wasteproduction

Collaboration with international organisationsthrough the ministry for natural resources andenvironment (MONRE)

Development of countrywide strategy for biogastechnology


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International Organisations World bank- Global environment facility

(GEF)- covering China, Thailand andViet Nam for protection of south Chinasea from livestock induced land basedpollution and environmentaldegradation

Establishment of biogas plants,collection of liquid waste from farms Extension activities to demonstrate

small scale biodigesters


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Efforts at improvementInternational Organisations

SNV (Netherlands development

organisation)-Largest donor in area oflarge scale dissemination of biogastechnology in Viet Nam, projectstarted in 2003, coordinated by MARDstaff.


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ConclusionsThe government needs to act fast on theirstated intentions to maximise theeffectiveness of the assistance from externalparties.So far, a wide reach has been achieved increating awareness of the impact oflivestock production on the environment,further work needs to be done, especially onthe part of the government to encourageinvestment in the biodigester and otheremerging technologies, as they would bevery effective in the further reduction ofenvironmental pollution in Viet Nam.The farmers also need to be encouraged tobe more responsible for their environmentfor a more sustainable livestock industry.


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References Andersson, M. (2007). Behaviour and dietary preferences of browse

species by sheep on natural pasture in Ninh Thuan province in thesouth-central region of Vietnam. First cycle, G2E. Uppsala: SLU,Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management

Dan, T.T; Hoa, T.A; Hung, L.Q, B. Minh, B.T., Hoa, K.H. T. , Hien, T., NgocTri,N., Gerber, P., Menzi, H. Animal waste management in Viet Nam-Problems and solutions. FAO Livestock environment anddevelopment initiative (LEAD)

http://www.ashdenawards.org/files/reports/MARD-SNV%20case%20study.pdf

http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/smithfield_projects/phase2report05/cd,web%20files/A2.pdf http

://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGA/AGAP/FRG/Recycle/biodig/manual.htm

http://www.gso.gov.vn http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/41/21/37038911.pdf INEST(2010) Institute for environmental science and technology, Hanoi

University of science and technology. Benefits of the 3R approachfor agricultural waste management (AWM) in Vietnam

MARD. Livestock Competitiveness and Food Safety Project (LIFSAP):

Environmental Management Framework (EMF)MARD. LivestockCompetitiveness and Food Safety Project (LIFSAP): EnvironmentalManagement Framework (EMF)

Vu. T.K.V., Tran, M.T., Dang, T.T.S (2007) A survey of manuremanagement on pig farms in Northern Vietnam, Livestock Science

World Bank (2010) Restructuring paper on a proposed projectrestructuring of the livestock waste management in east Asiaproject (Grant TF056521-VN)
http://www.ashdenawards.org/files/reports/MARD-SNV%20case%20study.pdfhttp://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/smithfield_projects/phase2report05/cd,web%20files/A2.pdfhttp://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGA/AGAP/FRG/Recycle/biodig/manual.htmhttp://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGA/AGAP/FRG/Recycle/biodig/manual.htmhttp://www.gso.gov.vn/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/41/21/37038911.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/41/21/37038911.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/41/21/37038911.pdfhttp://www.gso.gov.vn/http://www.gso.gov.vn/http://www.gso.gov.vn/http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGA/AGAP/FRG/Recycle/biodig/manual.htmhttp://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGA/AGAP/FRG/Recycle/biodig/manual.htmhttp://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/smithfield_projects/phase2report05/cd,web%20files/A2.pdfhttp://www.ashdenawards.org/files/reports/MARD-SNV%20case%20study.pdf

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Livestock and environmental pollution_Viet Nam