Literaturverzeichnis

Allgemeine wirtschaftstheoretische und entwicklungspolitische Literatur

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Francisco, R.A., Laird, R.D. (1980), The Political Economy of Collectivized Agricul­ture, A Comparative Study of Communist and Non-Communist Systems

French, B.C. and Matthews, J.L. (1971), A Supply Response Model for Perennial Crops, in: American Journal of Agricultural Economics 53, S. 478-490

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Verzeichnis der wichtigsten Symbole

B gesamte Erwerbsbevolkerung

Li industrielle Erwerbsbevolkerung

La agrarische Erwerbsbevolkerung

8 Anteil der industriellen Erwerbsbevolkerung an der gesamten Erwerbsbe­volkerung

L Gesamtarbeitszeit im agrarischen Sektor

u

x

w

wi

W

b

X

Y

y Y =L

a + y

K

Anzahl der Arbeitsstunden pro Arbeitskraft

Gesamtnutzen einer Arbeitskraft

reale Arbeitskosten (Verhaltnis von Nutzenentgang durch Zusatzarbeit zu Nutzenzuwachs durch Zusatzeinkommen)

industrieller Reallohn, gemessen in Agrarprodukten

industrieller Reallohn, gemessen in Industrieprodukten

gesamtgesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt

Gewichtungsfaktor fUr Investitionen in einer gesamtgesell schaftl ic.hen Wohlfahrtsfunktion (W); b~O. In Kapitel III, 7 ist b die Rate des tech­nischen Fortschritts im modernen Sektor

Wertschopfung des industriellen Sektors

Agrarproduktion

Pro-Kopf-Einkommen in der Landwirtschaft

Mindestverbrauch an AgrargUtern pro Kopf (physisches Existenzminimum)

Kapitalstock im industriellen Sektor, wird auch als K bezeichnet, wenn auBer dem industriellen noch ein landwirtschaftlicherIKapitalstock auf-tritt

KL Kapitalstock im Agrarsektor

Investitionen des modern en Sektors

K v = X

Investitionen des Agrarsektors, gemessen in AgrargUtermengen

Kapitalkoeffizient im industriellen Sektor

1-8

1-0

P

ax 1f = ilK

E

Pa

Pi

q

s

T

NT

N

Anteil der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Investitionen, der in die Industrie fliel3t

337

Anteil der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Investitionen, der in den Agrarsektor fliel3t

Lohnquote des industriellen Sektors

Profitquote des industriellen Sektors

industrielle Profite

industrielle Profitrate, auch als 1fk bezeichnet, wenn im Agrarsektor Kapitaleinkommen unterstellt werden

Profitrate im Agrarsektor

Nominaleinkommen in der Landwirtschaft

AgrargUterpreis

IndustriegUterpreis, auch Preis von industriellen Vorprodukten fUr den Agrarsektor

intersektorale Terms-of-trade (q = Pi/Pal

Weltmarktpreis fUr AgrargUter

Nachfrage- bzw. Angebotsmenge an AgrargUtern zum Weltmarktpreis

agrarischer Oberschu6

Angebot von agrarischem Oberschul3; in Kapitel III, 3.3.3 wird mit Sa der agrarische Ersparnistransfer bezeichnet

Nachfrage nach agrarischem Oberschul3

Sparquote in bezug auf Kapitaleinkommen im modernen Sektor

Sparquote des Grol3grundbesitzers

IndustriegUterkonsumquote des Gro6grundbesitzers

Steuern des Agrarsektors

Nettoressourcentransfer des Agrarsektors

Versorgungsniveau

Industrie- bzw. Agrar.gUterversorgung pro Kopf

Verbrauch von Agrar- bzw. IndustriegUtern

Subsistenzgrad (Anteil des agrarischen Eigenverbrauchs an der agrari­schen Nettoproduktion)

Register

Ablaufmodell 161 Ablieferungen 147 Ablieferungspflicht 143 Absolutismus 211 Abwanderung 182 Agypten 155, 211 Aquivalententausch 142, 145f Afrika 1, 17, 39 Agrarbesteuerung 94 Agrarexporte 255f, 283, 300 Agrarhandel 194 Agrarier 207, 218 Agrarimporte 159, 274, 300ff Agrarkapital 160 Agrarkonsum 93 Agrarpolitik, sowjetische

245ff, 248ff, 253 Agrarpreise 159ff, 256, 259,

261, 270, 272ff, 275f, 281ff, 300ff

- relative 250 Agrarpreiskommission 281f Agrarpreisniveau 109f Agrarproduktion 257f, 266,

283ff, 291, 300ff - Entwicklung der 229, 248 Agrarproduktivitat 92, 228, 239 Agrarprotektionismus 257 Agrarsektor 259, 261, 275, 277f,

287ff, 298f Agrarstruktu.r, sowjeti sche 93 AgrarUberschuB 150, 152 AgrarUberschuBland 150ff Agrarverfassung 208 Akkumulation - sozialistische 142 - ursprUngliche 6, 9,61, 118,

126, 137, 139, 141ff, 154, 188 - ursprUngliche sozialistische

137, 141ff, 146 Akkumulationsfonds 212 Akkumulationsrate 142, 146 Akkumulationstempo 220, 252 Alimentationsmechanismus 297 Allgemeines Landrecht, preuBisches

124 Allokation 256,261, 264 Allokationsregel 89 Anbaupolitik 129 Anfangsausstattung 160ff Angebotsverhalten, perverses 62ff Anpassung, auBenwirtschaftliche 159 Arbeiterbewegung, europaische 214 Arbeiterdiktatur 212 Arbeitsangebotspreis 127, 239, 244, 253 Arbeitsintensitat 174 - optimale 175

Arbeitskosten, reale 69 Arbeitskraftreserve 102 Arbeitslosigkeit, verdeckte 56, 83, 87,

97, 105, 127, 253 Arbeitsproduktivitat 241 Argentinien 7, 150, 155, 211, 222, 255ff Asien 1, 205 Askari 194ff Ausbeutung, der Bauernschaft 145 AuBenhandelssektor 264 AuBenwirtschaftspolitik 208, 301 Austauschverhaltnis, internationales 256 Australien 265 Autarkie 135, 188 - Politik 255f

Bacha 45f Bacon 120 Balassa 159 bang-bang-Steuerung 163

. Barsov 249ff, 278, 291f basic need 134 Bauern - Bewegung 214 - Krieg 125 Behrman 202 Belastung - des Agrarsektors 194 - preispolitische 195 Bel india-Model 1 45, 48, 51ff Beschaftigungspolitik 287 Beschaftigungswirkungen, agrarpolitische

185 Besteuerung des Agrarsektors 194 BetriebsgroBe, minimale 139 Bevolkerungsgesetz llff Bevolkerungspolitik 127 Bevolkerungswachstum 1, 39ff Bevolkerungswachstumseffekte 88 Bewasserungsgrad 202 Bodenreform 288 Bombach 118 Bourgeoisie 222 Brotschwierigkeiten 148 Brotwucher 207 Bruttoanlageinvestitionen 241 Bruttoinlandsprodukt 225 Bruttoproduktion, landwirtschaftliche

246 Bruttosozialprodukt 261ff, 285 Bucharin 79, 118, 136, 144ff, 243f,

248ff, 293f, 305f BUndnis, zwischen Arbeitern und Bauern

147

Chakravarty 268, 274 Che Guevara 216f Chil e 199 China 2, 59, 195, 218, 222, 284ff,

292, 299ff Cobb-Douglas-Funktion 25 Cobweb-Modell 200 Critical-minimum effort 45f, 50 Cummings 194ff

Debray 217 Deglomeration, raumliche 180 Deng-Xioping 306f Depression 259 Deutschland 212 Devisen 257, 263ff - Verluste 233 Diaz-Alejandro 261ff Diskriminierung - des Agrarsektors 181 - preispolitische 59, 150, 153,

188ff, 223 Dissoziation 211 Dissoziationspolitik 258 Dixit 9, 13, 15,31, 77, 98, 143,

172 Dobb 254 Domar 139 DreiBigjahriger Krieg 141 Dua 1 i smus 56 - Theorien 8ff, 144, 224, 268, 277,

299 - Theorien, klassische 62, 72 Durchschnittsproduktivitat 253

Egalitatsprinzip 218 Eigenproduktionssubstitution 67 Einkaufsmonopol 143 Einkommensdisparitaten 210 Einkommenseffekte 58, 70 Einkommensumverteilung 255, 260, 287,

290, 300 Einkommensverminderung, agrarische 210 Einkommensverteilung 82, 137 Einsatzstoffe, agrarische 186 Elastizitat - Angebots- 117, 151, 153, 188ff, 261 - Angebots-, des Agrarsurplus 65 - der Agrarproduktion 196ff - der Erwartung 199 - der Produktion 63, 81f, 202 - des agrarischen Oberschusses 196 - Einkommens- 117 - Nachfrage- 5, 82, 117, 151 - Preis- 261, 283 - Preis-, der AgrargUternachfrage 108 - Preis-, der Agrarproduktion 108 - Substitutions- 67 - Substitutions-, der Konsumfunktion 65

Elastizitat - Surplus- 58, 64, 67, 74, 95, 111 Elastizitatsanalyse 207 Elite, urbane 189 Ellman 249 Enc 1 osures 140 Engel 65, 89 Engel'sches Gesetz 65, 89 England 59, 131, 211 Entwicklung, demographische 255ff Entwicklungsdiktatur 183 Entwicklungslander If, 43f Entwicklungsphase - klassische 32ff - neoklassische 32ff Entwicklungspolitik 207 - chinesische 284ff, 299, 303f - internationale 217 - taiwanesische 292 Entwicklungsstrategie 207 Erlich 244, 249 Ersparnistransfer 74, 75, 78f, 98ff,

104ff, 224, 232f, 244 - Konzept 235 Erwartungskoeffizient 200 Europa 257 Existenzminimum, institutionelles 253 Export - Industrie 273 - Mengenindex 264 - Preise 256 - Sektor 276 - Steuer 153 - OberschuB 278f, 290

339

- OberschuB, agrarischer 60, 114, 250f - OberschuB der Landwirtschaft siehe

ExportUberschuB, agrarischer - Verbot 126 - Zoll 150, 152f, 183, 257 Expropriation, des Landvolkes 242, 254 Ezekiel 66

FaktoreinkommensUbertragung, intersekto-rale 235

Faktoreinsatz 229 Faschismus 135 Fei 17,45,68,75,77, 84f, 224, 253,

276, 278 Feldman 187 Feldman-Mahalanobis-Modell 187 Ferrer 261 Feudalismus 21f Field 289 Fi sk 66 Flandern 131 Fortschritt, technischer 88ff, 103 Frankreich 131, 300 Freihandel 211 Frisch 65

340

FUnfjahresplan - Argentinien 258 - China 284ff, 290

Indien 267 - Sowjetunion 284ff FUrst 121 FUrstenstaat, absolutistischer 119

Ga 1 brai th 31 Gemeindeland 140 Georgescu-Roegen 13, 15, 19, 21, 23ff,

104 Gerschenkron 139 Gesellschaftsordnung, natUrliche 131 Getreide - Ablieferungspflicht 222 - Beschaffung 148 - Politik 207 - Zolle 59 Gewerbeforderung, merkantilistische

79 Gewinnmaximierung 2, 16ff, 43ff Ghana 150, 211 Gi 1 den 121 Gleichgewicht, der Unterentwicklung,

homoostatisches 219 Granjas 150 Grenzerlos 151 - Kosten 151 Grenznutzen, des Einkommens 69 Grenzproduktivitat - agrarische 298 - der Arbeit 173 - der Arbeit, optimale 175 Grenzwertprodukt 70, 73 - der Arbeit 185 "GroBer Sprung nach vorn" 180 GroBgrundbesitz 185 GroBgrundbesitzer 182, 186 - dualistischer 75, 82, 84, 93, 107 GroBhandelspreise 270, 282 GrUne Revolution 88, 186, 266, 274, 279 GrundeigentUmer 130

Ha les 126 Hamil ton 167f Hamilton-Funktion 168 Handelsbeziehungen 256 Handelsbilanz 277 - OberschuBkonzept 235 Handelstransferkonzept 235 Higgins 277 Hildebrandt 131 Hinterland - externes 120 - heimisches 120 Hobbes 120 Hochpreispolitik 124f, 223

Hon 288 Hornby 9, 15, 31, 172 Hymer 67

Import - Substitution 135, 159, 255ff, 265,

272 - Substitutionspolitik 211f - OberschuB 278 - Verbot 124 Indien 2, 3, 7, 45, 186, 212, 218, 222,

266ff Industrialisierung 256, 259, 284ff - exportorientierte 159 - forcierte 136f, 143, 188, 253 - sowjetische 141 Industrialisierungsbedingungen 90, 95 Industrialisierungsdebatte 249 - sowjeti sche . 136f, 140 IndustrialisierungsprozeB 117, 222f,

244, 251f Industrialisierungsstrategie 66, 148 Industrie - GUterpreise 259 - Politik 257 - Produktion 260, 266, 284, 296 - Proletariat 215 - Protektionismus 257 - Sektor 287 Industrielle Revolution 132 infant industry-Argument 137 Inflation 185, 250, 265 - der LohngUterpreise 254 Infrastruktur - MaBnahmen 213 - Politik 122 Input-Output-Koeffizient 278 Interesse, gesamtgesellschaftliches 120 Internationaler Wahrungsfonds 265 Intriligator 161 Investitionen 262ff, 264, 267f, 279f,

284ff, 300, 304 - gesamtwirtschaftliche 209 - industrielle 160ff, 233 - soziale 209 Investitionslenkung 117 Investitionspolitik, administrative 233 Investitionsquote 2ff, 32ff - gesamtwirtschaftliche 218 Investitionssteuerung, sektoral 117 Inzidenzwirkungen 260 Ishikawa 291f, 301

Japan 3, 7, 77, 96, 219, 222, 223ff, 281,289

Jasny 249 Johnston 15, 56, 238 Jorgenson 17, 84, 98, 144

Junkertum, preuBi sches 212

Kaldor 176 Kapi tal - AbflUsse 257, 281 - Ausstattung 163 - Bildung 255 - Einsatz 231 - Einsatz, agrarischer 111 - Fl ucht 182 - Intensitat 172 - Koeffizient 123, 224, 240 - Produktivitat 123 - Rentabilitat 238, 271 - Stock 163ff

- industrieller 163ff - landwirtschaftlicher 163ff - nicht-landwirtschaftlicher

224, 242 Kapitalisten 182, 186 Kaufkraftlohn 210, 239 Kaul 202 Kerala 217 Keynes 74f, 124f Klasse - distributive 129 - produktive 129 - sterile 129, 183f Kleinbauern 182 - Wirtschaft 82, 106 Knappheitspunkt 33 Kollektivierung 288, 293 - landwirtschaftliche 253 Kollektivwirtschaft, bauerliche

149 Kollinearitat 201 Kolonialhandel 141 Kommerzialisierungsgrad, landwirt-

schaftlicher 67, 202 Kommerzialisierungspunkt 33ff Konsum 255, 277 Konsumentenpreisindex 201 Konsumfunktion 63f, 105 KonsumgUtersektor 266, 277, 284 Konsumismus 185 Konsumquote 84 Kontrollen, der Agrarpreise 194 Kontrolltheorie 118, 163 Korea 233f Kosten - Durchschnitts- 151 - Index 231 - soziale 153 Kostenvorteile,' komparative 159 KPdSU 143, 147 Kredite 257 Krishna 63, 197, 202, 280, 284 Kuba 150 Kulaken 136, 146f Kulturrevolution 218, 284, 302ff

Labour surplus 144 - Konzept 56ff, 98 - Theorie 10, 33, 46 - Wirtschaft 173 Laisser-faire 129 Landreform 209 Land-Stadt-Beziehung 195 Landsteuer 96, 229f, 235, 237f, 241 Landwirtschaft, kollektivierte 244,

248 Lateinamerika 18 Latifundienwirtschaft 150 Law 127 Learning-by-doing-Effekt 44 Lee 293 Leni ni smus 181 Lewis 8ff, 14ff, 23f, 29, 33, 42, 68,

75, 88, 90, 93, 140, 144, 268, 277 Lewis-Paradoxon 98, 103ff Lewis-Wendepunkt 22f, 33, 45 Lipton 2, 15, 58, 136, 208, 211 List 124, 135, 137 Liu Shao-ch'i 296 Lluch 64 Lohn, - Anomalie 43f - Deflation 94, 245 - Deflation, industrielle 255 - Gesetz, ehernes 184 - Gesetzgebung 127 - natUrlicher 133 - Pol it i k 127 - Quote 261ff - Sen kung 254 Luxus - GUter 47ff - Konsum 183

Macchiavelli 120 Machtmonopol 247 Machtstrukturen, bUrokratische 255 Mahalanobis 15, 187 Ma lthus 11, 58 Maniolescu 154 Maoismus 136, 299 Mao Tse-tung 8, 216, 222, 284, 293,

294ff, 296, 304 Markt - Angebot, agrarisches siehe

341

- Angebot, landwirtschaftliches 84, 99, 143

- Produktion, landwirtschaftliche 144 - OberschuB, agrarischer 243 - Wirtschaft 129 - Wirtschaft, liberale 119 Marshall 24, 40, 68, 118, 230 Marx 9ff, 16, 118, 126, 136ff, 149"

222, 245 Marxi smus 136, 181 Mathur 66

342

Maximumprinzip 161 Mechanisierungsaufwand 246 ~Iehrertrag 130 Meiji-Restauration 195, 215, 219,

222, 225 Mellor 172, 177 Merkantilismus 6, 9, 119ff Merkantilisten 118ff Migrationseffekt 17ff, 83ff, 98,

106, 203, 276 Mindestversorgung 253 r·1ir 136 Miranda 258 Mitra 15,283 Mittelklasse 185 1,1 itte 1 schi cht - agrarische 221 - urbane 221 14onopol 143, 157 - Macht 151 - staatliches 259, 263 Moore 227 Mundlak 79, 238 Mundle 234, 239, 278ff

Nachkriegsentwicklung 257 Nahrungsmittel - Exporte 256

Importe 1, 273, 281 Nakamura 227 Nasser 135, 211 Ner 1 ove-~Iode 11 199ff, 261 NettoauBenhandel 278 Nettoinvestitionsquote 244 Nettoressourcenimport 291 Nettoressourcentransfer 126, 195,

223ff, 239, 248, 250f, 253, 267, 277f, 290

Nettosozialprodukt 271 Niedrigpreispolitik 124, 255, 262 Niedrigzinspolitik 123f Nkrumah 135, 149 Nominaleinkommen, des Agrarsektors

108 Nominallohn 157, 261 NullgrenzproduktivitKtshypothese 19f Nullwachstumslinie 163ff Nutzen - Funktion 69, 109 - Maximierung 30ff

sozialer 153

Oberschicht - agrarische 210, 212, 221, 244 - urbane 210, 221 Ohkawa 227, 234, 239 Oligarchie 255

Ordnung - flKchenstaatliche 120 - natUrliche 132 - positive 133 - tatsKchliche 132 Output-Maximierung 173

Pacht - ErtrKge 129 - System 261 Paine 289 Paradigma - merkantilistisches 183, 196, 255 - physiokratisches 196, 304 Parkins 303 Partial analyse 118 Partikularismus 121, 134 Peron 7, 135, 211, 255ff Peronismus 255ff Petite culture 130 Physiokraten 58f, 76, 118, 128ff, 289,

299f Physiokratie 6, 128ff Pigou 118 Planung, staatliche 160 Planungshorizont 167 Planungsinstrumente 161 Planungsmodell 139 PlanungstrKger 161 Politische Okonomie 10 Pontryagin 161, 167 Popul ismus 136 Prebisch 135, 188 Preise - Konsumenten- 157f - natUrliche 133 - Produzenten- 157f - relative 117 - Weltmarkt- 151 Preisniveau 212 Preispolitik 129 - agrarische 159 Preisreaktionen - agrarische 1St - anormale 162 Preobrazhensky 9, 118, 141ff, 147f, 150,

243f, 248f, 252, 278 PreuBen 219 PrimKrer Sektor 133 Privateigentum 130. Procurementpreis 282f Produktionseffekte 58 Produktionsfunktion - agrarische 108 - industrielle 80, 97 Produktionsindex 267, 270, 296 Produktionskampagne 244 Produktionsmethoden, Adaption von, 230

. Produktionspalette 255

Produktionsstruktur 71 Produktionstechnik, optimale 172ff Produktionsweise, asiatische 138 Produktivitat, technische 227 Produktivitatsverhaltnis 251 Produktlohne 210, 288 Profit - Funktion 162 - Rate 80, 100ff, 115, 122, 146,

149, 154, 159 - Rate, industrielle 136, 157, 209 Profitratendifferenzen, intersekto­

rale 203 Pro-Kopf-Einkommen, landwirtschaft-

1 iches 102 Property rights 117 Protektionsrate 7, 255, 259ff - effekti ve 189, 190f - nominelle 189, 190f Punjab-Gebiet 196

Quasiarbeitslosigkeit 70, 98, 185 Quesnay 79, 118, 129ff, 181, 299f

Raj 88 Rajagopalan 197 Ranis 17, 45, 68, 75, 77, 84f,

224, 241, 253, 276, 278 Raychaudhuri 202, 280, 284 Realeinkommen 276f, 301 Reallohn 210, 224f, 239f, 253f,

262, 268f, 300 Rechtsvereinheitlichung 122 Reprasentationssystem, demokratisches

119 Reproduktion, erweiterte 136, 140 Reservearmee, industrielle llf Residualeinkommen 21 Resnick 67 Ressourcen - Export 291 - Transfer 278f, 281, 285, 291f - Transfer, agrarischer 251f - Transfer, intersektoraler 222f,

234f, 237, 244f, 248 - Transfer, realer 253 Ricardo 10ff, 14, 56ff, 75ff, 104,

132 Risikoverhalten 202 Robinson 16 Robinson-Amoroso-Bedingung 151 Romisches Reich 96, 120 rural development 134, 180 Rosovsky 227 Rostow 10, 138 Rostow'sche Stufenlehre 10 RUckkoppe 1 ungseffekte 187 Ruskin 218 RuBland 135, 220

Sauberungen, stalinistische 144 Samuelson 64 Samurai 226f Schacht 120 v.Schmoller 120, 125 Schultz 19, 24, 134 Schumpeter 117, 124 Schutzzolle 159, 212, 281 Schwarzmarktverkaufe 250 Sektor, traditioneller 210 Selbstausbeutung, der Arbeiterklasse

252 . Selbstversorgung, agrarische 211 Self-Reliance 159, 211 Sen 19, 25, 35, 172 Senghor 136 Sennimalai 197 Sidhu 202 Sklavenhandel 141 Slutsky 65 Smith 10f, 14, 76, 119, 131f Sowjetunion 3, 6, 8f, 14f, 59, 188f,

195, 222, 242ff, 259, 276, 281, 284ff, 289, 292f, 305

Sozialkapital 255

343

Sozialpolitik 158 Sozialvertrag 208, 212, 220, 297 - Kernelemente des 221 - vorkapitalistischer 13, 21ff, 29ff,

77, 79, 88, 185 Sparfunktion 75, 100, 105 Sparquote 268, 271, 279f - der Bauern 249 Spartransfer (siehe auch unter

Ersparnistransfer) 235f - intersektoraler 203 Spengler 120, 215 Staatsmonopol 141 Stadt-Land-Beziehung 222 - Konfl i kt 243 Stagnation 255, 261, 266f, 294f - politische 220 - soziale 220 Stalin 147ff, 188, 245, 247, 255, 276,

285, 293f, 305 Stalinismus 214 Stapelprodukte 155f Stein'sche'Reformen 215, 219 Steuern 280f, 289, 294, 305 Steuerung, optimale 161 Stewart 178f "Stiftung Eva Peron" 263 Stolypin 77, 220, 252, 281 Strauss 79, 238 Streeten 178f Stufenlehre 138 Subsistenz - Grad 62, 71 - tJkonomi e 120 - Wirtschaft 66, 134, 145 Substitution 261, 302

344

Substitutionseffekte 58, 70 Subventionen 212 SUdamerika 1, 255 Superindustrialisten 144 Surplus 249, 275, 288 - agrarischer (siehe auch unter

OberschuB, agrarischer) 60ff, 82, 108, 121, 128f

- Angebot 72, 77, 89 - Angebot, agrarisches 211, 217 - Transfer, agrarischer 75, 78ff,

90, 94, 97, 224, 234, 237 System, der relativen Preise 212

Tableau Economic 136 Taiwan 195, 233f, 290, 292 Taylor 45f Technik - inferiore 177, 180 - Wahl 172ff - Wahl, optimale 175 Teilpacht 130f Teilzeitarbeit 44 Terms-of-Trade 2, 4, 7, 14f, 29f,

256, 263f, 267f, 277 - auBenwirtschaftliche 257, 272 - Falle 56ff, 97, 101, 117,161,

196, 211 - internationale 188 - intersektorale 58f, 74, 80ff, 94,

99,112, 145f, 148, 150, 162f, 172, 185f, 202, 205, 209, 211, 222, 224f, 231ff, 239f, 249f, 260f, 269, 271f, 273f, 282, 284, 289f, 300f

- Politik 182f Thailand 198 Thamarajakshi 199 Tobin 301 Todaro 44 Toombs 1 Totalmodelle, dynamische 60 Transferausgaben 157 Transportkapazitat 246 Trotzki 147, 252 Tschajanow 245 Turgot 13:'l Turnpike 163f

Oberbevolkerung 16 OberschuB - agrarischer 2ff, 31, 60ff, 82,

108, 124, 129, 134, 145f, 148, 162, 172, 196ff, 209

- Transfer 83 Umschaltung 163f ungleicher Tausch 141 Unterschi cht - agrarische 221 - urbane 221

urban bias 59, 211 Urbanisierung 137, 185, 287, 299 USA 59, 257, 273 Uttar Pradesh 186

Verkaufsmonopol 143 Versailles 132 Verteilungspolitik 131 Verteilungswirkungen, agrarpolitische

182 Verwaltung, offentliche 158 Volkswirtschaft 134

~Jachstum - gleichgewichtiges 161 - industrielles 145, 196 Wachstumsmaximierung 173, 243 Wachstumspolitik, peronistische 259f Wachstumsrate 154, 160. 173, 258,

266ff, 272, 285, 304 Wachstumstheorie - klassische 10, 33ff - neoklassische 10, 33ff Walras 78 Watanabe 238 Weber 141, 265 Wechselkurs, multipler 150ff We ltbank 261 Welthandel 59 Weltmarktpreise 152, 259, 274f Weltmarktprodukte 259 Weltwirtschaftskrise 255ff Wertgesetz 141 Wertschopfung - agrarische 73 - sektorale 258 Westbengalen 217 Whitson 218 Wirtschaft, dualistische 97, 119, 161 Wirtschaftskrise 296 Wirtschaftsliberalismus 131 Wirtschaftspolitik 219, 257ff Wirtschaftssektor - moderner 8ff - traditioneller 8ff Witte 77, 135, 220 Wohlfahrt 155 Wohlfahrtseffekt 157f - statischer 150 Wohlfahrtsfunktion 173, 195 - gesamtgesellschaftliche 219 Wohlfahrtsverluste 152f, 158, 195

Zahl ungsbil anz - Defizit 159 - Kri se 255 Zarembka 25,. 88, 98

Zielgerade 170 Zins 122 - Satz 123 Zolle 124 Zollpolitik 212, 259 ZUnfte 121 Zwangskollektivierung, landwirt-

schaftliche 147, 222, 242, 244f, 249f, 253ff

ZwangssparprozeB 183 Zwei-Sektor-Modell 63

345