Literature Study Final

8/13/2019 Literature Study Final

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H A B I T A T C E N T R E , G H A Z I A B A D P a g e

INTRODUCTION


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INTRODUCTION

THE CHANGING WORKSPACE:

The nature of working environment across the country is changing drastically

and for the better. The change is focused and is driven greater global

business interaction, growing aesthetic needs, deteriorating urban services,

overvalued city properties, communication and transportation explosion as

well as increasing awareness-all put together.

The result is that while traditional downtown business districts become

congested and strained, suburban options showing better infrastructure,

environment and architecture. Increasing global interactions and cross

working will make it necessary for companies to upgrade their working

environments to global standards. Also, the competitive and stressful working

lifestyles today need equally stress free meeting spaces and recreational

facilities to keep one going.

THE HABITAT CENTRE: a summary.

It is the centre of contemporary cultural economic, business and socialevents. The concern for the habitat and its environment works as the

functional backbone of the complex. It not only provides an improved working

environment to its employee but will also contribute to the urban level

functions that a living city requires.

HABITAT CENTRE is a place of formal assembly for a common purpose

within a proper equipped built environment in which various professions and

institutions dealing with different facets of habitat and habitat related

environmental issues would function, interact and attempt to resolve a habitat

related problems in a coordinated manner.

It will provide a built space for the performance of various educational

activities along with interaction between different other educational centers in

and outside the country.


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ABOUT THE PROJECT:

HABITAT CENTRE, INDIRAPURAM, GHAZIABAD

PLOT NO. 16, AHINSA KHAND

PROPOSED BY GHAZIABAD DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ON BEHALF OF UTTAR PRADESH GOVERNMENT

ARCHITECT : W.S. ATKINS

AREA : 12.54 ACRES

INDIRAPURAM HABITAT CENTRE (IHC) HAS BEEN INSPIRED AND IS

PROPOSED TO BE DEVELOPED ON THE LINES OF INDIA HAB ITAT

CENTRE.

The HABITAT CENTRE will provide a physical environment which would

serve as catalyst for a synergetic relationship between individuals and

institutions (e.g. N.G.O.s) working in diverse habitat related areas and

therefore maximize their total effectiveness. To facilitate this interaction, the

center provides a range of facilities like auditorium, sports center etc.

HABITAT CENTRE is now home not only to these offices and research

organizations but will house a club, convention centre as well as several

restaurants and performance venues for cultural activities.

Sharing a common concern for habitat, there are various organizations have

come together to participate in an exciting venture of institution building.

1. TERI 2.HUDCO 3.CPWD 4.CBRI

Another prime goal of the project is to bring the concerned people and

intellectual under one roof, as a result the exchange of ideas and views can

be easily possible with all the implementation of modern conferencing

systems as to make the interaction smoother and easier ways.

If all the necessary facilities can be brought under one roof a lot of time &

inconvenience may be saved there by creating more favorable platform for

education.


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PROPOSALS:

It is a convention centre, which will be able to accommodate more than 5,000

people. The facilities provided wil be:

1. SOCIO CULTURAL

Convention facilities along with auditoriums, exhibition area, art gallery, open

concert facility, open-air-sculpture garden and educational facilities.

2. RECREATIONAL

Hotel with fine dining, club house, banquet and indoor recreational facilities,

swimming pool, health club with multigym, guest rooms.

3. COMMERCIAL

Offices

NEED IDENTIFICATION:

DETERIORATING WORKSPACE QUALITY IN URBAN CENTERS:

Indian cities are truly at loss with their business districts going from bad to

worse in recent times.

The extraordinary high cost of downtown property is more than matched with

high traffic congestion, high density built masses ,and high risk in safety

standards .

OPTIONAL SUBURBAN WORKSPACE:

Companies are now looking elsewhere from downtown for new office space

requirements.

In all Indian metros today, the biggest and best offices are built on theoutskirts of the cities and suburban areas.

Delhi is no exception with gurgaon and noida netting most of the large

companies.


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AIMS &OBJECTIVES:

Develop an integral physical environment for professionals and

institutions interact in a coordinated manner. Promote awareness education, research, training & development

of all habitat issues.

Create better urban/rural facilities related to the lifestyle of people.

Inculcate awareness and sensitivity of creative human activity in

habitat.

Document information related to habitat, human settlements &

environmental issues.

Comprehensive convention centre with facilities for concurrent session.

State of the art audio visual equipment, computer controlled conferenceand simultaneous interpretation system in auditorium.

Finest dining and reception facilities.

Club house, cultural and entertainment facilities.

Internet, multimedia, videos and latest newspapers, periodicals,

reference books

SCOPE:

Indirapuram is one of the premier-lifestyle residential areas,those who don't

get a proper place in Delhi prefer to settle in Indirapuram. It is spread of 1,300

acres and has existing or upcoming townships from over 40 builders.

Recently, the GDA has announced that it would provide Rs500 crore

for construction of HABITAT CENTREin Indirapuram.

Indirapuram offers a host of positive features mostly absent in urban

downtown locations.


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METHODOLOGY:

The methodology for achieving the above stated purpose involves the

following steps:

Studying and subsequently gathering the relevant information about the

various functional aspects of the project.

Studying the relevant space standards.

Carrying out case studies to get a look at buildings, which are

analogous to our requirement, and study how a functional space

operates under various restraints.

The next step is carrying out a comparative analysis of all the case

studies and drawing conclusions and inferences.

The final step is to freeze the design requirements in terms of space,

based on the inferences of the comparative analysis.


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LITERATURE STUDY


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LITERATURESTUDYOFFICE PLANNING:

Office building culture in India is undergoing a revolutionary change. Not only the inside environment designed to be more comfortable and

efficient, conducive to a high level of productivity but also the look of thebuilding is given utmost importance.

DEFINITION:

Efficiency of office building usually measured in terms of ratio of rentable

space to total space.

Work Place Area (Usable Area):spaces in which possible for people towork at desks; includes secondary circulation.

Primary Circulation:circulation essential to provide access & mean ofescape to work place area.Usually takes up between 10 and 15% of net usable area.

Special Areas: space which cannot be used for office workers but it isdedicated to particular function, ex-archives, restaurant.

Core:defined as those parts of building that consists of elevators, elevatorlobby shafts, staircases, toilets, mechanical and engineering servicesand ducts.

Duct: vertical ducts required for heating, telephone electric, drainage andwater supply; also in air-conditioned building for air movement.

Lavatories:In multi-storey office building should occupy no more than 20%.of GOA.

Gross Outside Area (GOA): sum of all constituent office area including

core, structure and perimeter walls .

Net usable area (NUA): what remains when core, structure and perimeter

walls subtracted from GOA.


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ELEVATORS:it should be grouped so that availability of any elevator in bank

on any floor can be easily observed.

Its number and size depends upon1. Population of building2. Number of floors3. Required waiting time

For preliminary assumption the number of elevators required may beestimated on the basis of one elevator per 25,000 sq ft. of rentablearea.

Elevator lobbiesshould be 6 to 9 ft wide, if elevators are on the sameside only; 10 to 12 ft if elevators are on both sides.

Corridors are usually, 5 to 6 ft wide.

DESIGN OF OFFICE SHELL:

Position of primary circulation: Fixed, may serve to one side or two.

Position of core:placed centrally, or at one end, or detached.

Central(interior): location has number of advantages.

It allows all the windows space to be used as a rentable office space Depending on the configuration of building plans office of varying

depths receiving natural lights.


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H A B I T A T C E N T R E , G H A Z I A B A D P a g e 1

MAJOR BANDS OF OFFICE SPACE

DEPTHS:

NARROW -4000-6000 MM:suitable for single office

room or for 2-3 open plan work place.

MEDIUM -6000-8000 MM: for enclosures larger than

single room or for 3-5 open plan workplaces

DEEP -8000+ MM: more than 5 open work places

SOME PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS:

Heavy equipments shall be placed against the walls or the columns toavoid floor overloading.

Don't obstruct the exits, corridors or stairways, fire safety codesgoverning aisles, exits should be followed.

Employees performing close work should be in best lighted areas.

OFFICE PLANNING CONCEPTS:

Two main concepts are considered:

1. CONVENTIONAL PLAN:These plans are being used for the years and have been thecustomary ways of arranging office spaces.

Advantages:

Visual and aural privacy can be provided. Well suited for companies that draw lines between ranks of its Officials The need of conference spaces is minimized.

Disadvantages:

Partitions have to be demolished when spaces need to be

changed. Natural light and view is minimized. Energy savings by natural light to interior is minimal


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2. OPEN PLAN:Refers to an open space occupiedby a number of employees,supervisors, furnishing equipments

and circulation area.Large open areas permit flexibility.

Advantages

Most employees benefitednatural light and a view to theexterior.

The plan is highly flexible. By using modular workstations, variations in user need can

Be easily catered. Such plans are compatible with energy conserving designs.

Disadvantages

There is some loss of visual & aural privacy. The plan is not feasible in buildings with narrow wings or

many obstructions. More conference space is needed.

BUSINESS CABINS: Private Cabins- it is desirable that the size of private cabins be a

minimum of 100 sq ft and a max. of 300 sq ft .

Each in size only where the occupant is expected to meet the

delegations of 10 or more at least once a day the size should be

approach 300 sq ft.

Semiprivate Cabins- they range

from 150 sq ft to 450 sq ft,

occupied by two or more

individuals. Generally it houses

the members of work team or

other group of employees

assigned to particular tasks.


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OFFICE SERVICES:

Demand for services in offices increasing. Each work place must be locatednext to outlets for power and telephone. Essential grids are provided to each

work place with easy access and without dangerous.

DISTRIBUTION AT PERIMETER

AND THROUGH PARTITIONS

DISTRIBUTION THROUGH FLOOR GRID

(USUALLY 1800-2000 CENTRES)

DISTRIBUTION THROUGH FIN

WALLS

DISTRIBUTION FROM CEILING

DISTRIBUTION THROUGH FALSE FLOORS

(HEIGHT SHOULD BE 50-500)


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CONFERENCE ROOM:

General Sessions and face to face

groups with a high participation

primarily concerned with planning,obtaining facts and information or in

solving organizational problems.

Number of delegates attending the

conference may range up to 150 or

more.

LOCATION OF CONFERENCE ROOM

Centrally located to the users.

Interior spaces which is not the most desirable for the office purpose

can be used for conference

This location eliminates outside distraction

SIZE OF THE CONFERENCE ROOM

Designed to accommodate average but not max. attendance.

Extra chairs should be used to achieve additional seating.

CONFERENCE ROOM DESIGN

Programmatic requirement:To decide the type of room and capacity,

reseating configuration.

Architectural requirement: room dimension, height, desirability of

windows & divisibility, column free space, acoustics, interior design.

Electrical and mechanical requirement: separate system for each

room, HVAC for peak hours lighting, jacks for audio visual system.


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STANDARS FOR CONFERENCE ROOMS:

Large: area> 140sqFor presentations requiring little audience involvement through discussion orquestions.

Medium: 1000-1500sq ft (93-140 sq m)For highly interactive training

Small: 500-1000sq ft (46.5-93sq m)Offer flexibility

Board Rooms:500-899sq ftArrangement: theatre classrooms square, u shaped or small configuration.

CONFERENCE ROOM LIGHTING:

Incandescent down lights florescent lamps.

Over all room illumination.

Dimming capability.

Task lighting on writing boards etc.

Accent lighting on the speaker, wall displays.

Control of unwanted light from the corridor and projection work.

AREA 200 SQ.FT

AREA 375 SQ. FT


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LANDSCAPE AROUND AN OFFICE COMPLEX:

The primary issues are:-

1. VISUAL PARAMETERS

2. FUNCTIONAL ISSUES

3. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

1. VISUAL PARAMETRS

Green buffer in the form of trees and shrubs makes the view from inside thebuilding more pleasant

Promoters prefer visibility from main

road

Emerging trend:visibility from the mainroad are traded off in lieu of garden view

for users.

Trellisesare used to screen the view of

parked vehicle from higher floors of

building.


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View of moving/parked automobile is

considered visual pollution

Landscape design gets affected by the design of the parking.

Basement parking which releases an equivalent area at the ground

level for greens.

2. FUNCTIONAL ISSUES:

Provide an outdoor space for lunch hour relaxation.

Smoking is banned in most offices, thus an outdoor smoking area

would be a good amenity for the users.

In the form of gazebos or seats in the landscape

3. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: A good irrigation system is the lifeline of landscape.

Using recycled water for nourishing the plants.

Planting trees according to climate, in tropical climate trees which

consume less water should be planted.


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THEATRE DESIGN:

The design of a large auditorium will be greatly influenced by the

Dimensions (in terms of area and volume)

Area of auditorium- 0.9-1.2

m2/person

Volume of auditorium- 3.5-4.5 m3

/person

The different purpose, apart from

congress, for which the hall

may be used, such as stage

shows ,live theater ,concert Access and circulation

requirements.

DEFINATION:

Theatre is the gathering together of a group of people to witness a

planned performance. It is the

Relationship of the performing area to the audience

ELEMENTS OF THEATRE

RECEPTION : entrance, booking hall, foyer, cloaks etc

AUDITORIUM main stage, back stage, scenery storage, workshop,

STAGE : dressing room, rehearsal room

Function of an auditorium is to

accommodate

1. Performance

2. Audience

3. To bring the two together


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THE PARAMETERS:

Two methods adopted depending

on capacity &

type of performance.

1. LINE OF SIGHT METHOD

2. EQUAL RISE METHOD

PROSCENIUM:

Dimensions are not fixed, varies with lowering the teasers and drawing

the tormentors. Side panels can have side stages or openings.

CROSSOVER:

Part of path followed by audience behind the seating area between

lobby and aisles.

The width of the crossover equals the sum of the width of the aisles.


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AISLES:

Radial aisles are best for purpose of seeing

with curved aisles only slightly less efficient.

No of seats between aisles (Max.) =14

No of seats between aisle and wall

Main longitudinal gangway = 1200 mm

Side longitudinal gangway = 900 mm

SEATING:

Minimum distance between the front row and screen is 9m.

There are two type of seating arrangements:Continental and Conventional

1. Conventional seating -it accommodates more centered seats

2. Continental seatingRow space not less than 39".It requires wider end aisles with closely spaced exit doors

When done with the line of sight method a mild slope of 12 degreeis there in lower seating and steeper 24 degree for upper half.

All seats oriented towards stage- curvature in the rows.

Staggering provides better sight lines without going at much height.


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LIMITATIONS CONSIDERED FOR DETERMINING SEATING

AREA AND FOR THE POSITION OF WALL AND SHAPE

Horizontal angle of polychromatic vision is approx. 40.

Horizontal angle to the projection sheet at which distortion on the screenbecomes substantially intolerable is 60.

Horizontal angle to the centre line at which objects onstage, cease to bear

the intended relationship to other objects onstage and to the background

is approx. 60.

PROCENIUM OPENINGS:

Width 12 to 16 m is recommended

Height can be 4.8m to 5.4m

Depth can vary between 12 to 16m, depending on the

type of operation performed

PROCENIUM OPENINGS:

Optimum depth 4 times screen width

Maximum depth 6W

Depth equals 1.25-2.35 times house width when house width is

2.5-3.5 times screen width.

Workshop 50-70% of stage area

W = SCREEN WIDTH


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SIGHT LINES:

1.The stage height is taken as 3-4 above level of first row of seats

2. The vertical angle beyond which the ability to recognize standard shapes

falls of very rapidly is app. 30.

3. Audiences will not choose a location beyond a line approx.100degree to thecurtain at proscenium side

4. 35 with the horizontal from top of the screen will intersect the horizontal

eye line, 3'-8" above the floor and will determine the first row of seat.

CURTAIN LINE OR BOTTOM

OF SCREEN

BASIC DIMENSION FOR

PLOTTING FLOOR SLOPE

SIGHTLINE OF THE STANDING

PATRON LIMITS THE BALCONY

OVERHANG


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THE STAGE:

1. ACTING AREA

2. SCENERY STORAGE

Size of the acting area is a direct function of the no. of performerswho use it, their costumes & nature of their performance.

Single performers - 4 sq. ft

Solo dancers - 300 sq. ft

LAVATORIES:

5 urinals, 3 wash basins & 2 toilets/1000 seats (minima for men)

5 toilets & 5 wash basins /1000 seats (minima for women)

LIGHTING IN AUDITORIUM:

Lighting has following functions:

1. Light for visibility is desirable by which patrons may find their

seats, white light is best.

2. Aisle light must be near floor decorative lights are also used.

3. The objects of lighting in the auditorium are to concentrateupon the stage.

ACOUSTICS IN AUDITORIUM:

1. Sound waves should be umformly distributed in every part of

auditorium.

2. The backside surface should be absorbent


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EXHIBITION SPACES:

GALLERY DESIGN BASED ON AN IDEA OF:

What will be showing? No of exhibits planned per year ?

Kind of traveling exhibition hopeto be scheduled?

For permanent collection howmany pieces will be remained onview?

3D objects to be displayed incases or pedestal ?

ALSO ON THE MEAN ADULT EYELEVEL HEIGHT, IS ABOUT 5 FT

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS:

1.CIRCULATION

2.LIGHT

1. CIRCULATION:

EXTERNAL

General approach to the building.

The access from the public parking must be direct, easy and inviting.

Goods and services entry to be segregated the from public entrance

INTERNAL

Within the building.

Circulation of objects and goods.

Circulation of staff and visitors.

Movement of visitors in the exhibition space is an important aspect which

need to be carefully dealt with.


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LAYOUT OF DISPLAY AREA:

LIGHTING:

Natural

Skylights

Windows&punctures

Artificial

Showcases lit by lamps at 30

Paintings lit by lamps at 45

Lateral lighting

Side windows and openings in the walls at suitable distances

Shads full and agreeable light on exhibits placed against the otherwalls and in the centre of the room at the correct angle to thesource of light.

STRAIGHT LAYOUT

MOVEMENT OF VISITOR

IS FACILATED BY GENTLY

CURVING

STRAGGERED

ARRANGEMENT

CREATES MYSTERY


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CRITICAL DIMENSIONS FOR VISUAL ARTS FACILITY:

FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM OF A VISUAL ARTS FACILITY:


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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS


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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS

CLIMATE:

Composite climate Extreme dryness with an intensely hot summer and cold winter Temperature range vary from 45 in summers to 4 in winters Cold waves from the Himalayan region makes winter very chill,

marked by mist and fog in the morning City is sufficiently far from the equator to experience marked

seasonal change in solar radiation and wind direction Only during the three monsoon months july, august and september

does air of oceanic origin penetrate to this district and causesincreased humidity, cloudiness and precipitation.

SEASONS:

The year can broadly be divided into four seasons. The cold seasonstarts in late November and extends to about

the beginning of March. This is followed by the hot seasonwhich lasts till about the end

of June when the monsoon arrives over the district. The monsooncontinues to the last week of September.

TEMPERATURE:

Varies considerably throughout the year from hot to cold. Building design should be so as to

withstand the variations and providecomfortable living.

Cold season starts from mid of November,January is the coldestmonth.

May and June are the hottest months. From Aprilthe hot wind known locally asluhblows and the weather is unpleasant.

Monsoons advances towards the end ofjune when day temperature dropsappreciably.


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Winter : mean daily max.temp at 21.3cmean daily min. at 7.3c.

Summer : mean daily max. temp at 43cmean daily minimum at 30c.

WIND DIRECTION:

Wind direction is different in all the three seasons.

Winds are generally light during the post monsoon and wintermonths.

They strengthen during the summer and monsoon months. Except during the monsoon months winds are predominantly from a

westerly or northwesterly direction and tend to be more northerly inthe afternoon.

Easterly and southeasterly winds are more common in the monsoonmonths.

SOLAR RADIATIONS:

It is direct and strong during the dry days as absence of cloudpermits easy flow of heat into night sky during the hot dry month.

Diffused radiations exist during hazy period, i.e. during monsoons.

CLOUDINESS:

During the monsoon specially in july and august skies are heavily cloudedandoften overcast.

Rest of the year skies are clear or In the months of january, february and early march skies become cloudy

and sometimes overcast when the district is affected by western disturbances.


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HUMIDITY:

The air is dry during the greater part of the year. Humidity is high in the monsoon months. April and May are the driest months with relative humidites of about 30%in the mornings and less than 20% in the afternoons.

SPECIAL WEATHER PHENOMENA:

April to June is the period with the highest incidence of thunderstorms anddust storms.

Some thunderstorms give rise to violent squalls (andhis), others are

accompanied with heavy rain and less frequently with hail. Thunderstorms also occur in the winter months. Fogs sometimes dense occur in the winter months.

RAINFALL:

Monsoon rains are

prolonged and intense.

About 80% of the

rainfall is received

during the monsoon

months of July, August

and September.

Mean annual rainfall-

60-65cm


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INFERENCES FROM CLIMATE ANALYSIS:We are concerned with improving the thermal condition of building fo whichstringent economy is a necessity.

1.PROPER ORIENTATION OF BUILDINGS:

Orient the structure as to capture summer breeze and protect from storm winds.

2.PROTECTION FROM SUN:

Deciduous trees should be located on the south side of the pedestrian paths.

Since the project habitat centreprovide some space for outdoor activities, so the

open environment needs to be taken care of-

Hence landscaping is to be

emphasized since plants andtrees are helpful in moderating

the heat impact.


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SITE STUDY


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SITE STUDY

LOCATION:

PLOT NO.16,AHINSA KHAND

INDRAPURAM,GHAZIABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

STRATEGICALLY LOCATED ON- NH 24 BYE-PASS INDIRAPURAM

OWNER:

APPROACH:

Approachable from all sides, road

all around the site.

ACCESS:

By bus- the nearest bus stand is ISBT, Anand Vihar,8km away.

By road-through nh24 ,3km away from site

By train-the Sahibabad is nearest station,5km away.

Taxi and autos are also readily available for the site.

Owned & proposed by

Ghaziabad development

authorityPROPOSED SITE

SITE


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SURROUNDINGS:

West 24mtr. wide road group housing

North 30mtr.wd road,Swarnjayanti park

East 24mtr. wide road, group housing

South 30mtr. wide road, group housing

SITE

12.5 ACRES


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VEGETATION & TOPOGRAPHY:

Site is flat with no contours

No trees & plants, site is barren

Construction of basement going on

SITE NORMS:

SITE AREA: - 12.54 acres, regular in shape

GROUND COVERAGE- 40 PERCENT

F.A.R - 120

SET BACK - Front- 15Mtr. Rear 9Mtr.

MAXIMUM HEIGHT - No limit

LOCATION ADVANTAGE:

NH-24 running alongside, the up gov. is planning to widen NH-24.

Connaught place is about 40 minutes away, as are lajpat nagar and

south extensions in south Delhi,

Number of software majors and educational institutions, is right across

the highway.

Proximity with residential localities & colonies like vaishali, vasundhara,

kaushambi, patparganj, greater kailash, new friends colony, sarita vihar

and sector 15 (Noida).

Close to the major commercial & residential areas of delhi, noida and

greater noida.

The site will enjoy absolute accessibility as a result of signal free roads

& 15 flyovers proposed by GDA.

SERVICES:

4 Side road will help in services Power supply can be taken from any side according to future planning.

Water supply can be from bore well.

Sewer lines are available on site.

Drainage available on all sides.


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CASE STUDY 1

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE,

NEW DELHI


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Best building award- 1995Location- maxmuller marg,near

lodi garden,New Delhi

CASE STUDY1

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE

NEW DELHI:Architects-Stein, Bhalla & DoshiDesign- JA SteinClient- IHC SocietySite area- 9.6 Acres

2Basemnt -18,000Sq.mConst. started- 1988Completed- 1995Area- Total covered 53,000Sq.m

Ground covered 9600Sq.mProject cost- 100 Crores.

OBJECTIVE:

The INDIA HABITAT CENTRE is truly best convention

center in country. It was the brainchild of Indira Gandhi and was conceived

to provide a physical environment that would help

different NGO in making interaction with the individuals aswell as masses as a whole

To work for the conservation of natural habitat of the

human, animal and plant kingdom.

It is the centre of contemporary cultural economic,

business and social events.

The concern for the habitat and its environment works as

the functional backbone of the complex.

It not only provides an improved working environment

to its employeebut will also contribute to the urban level

functions that a living city requires.

Several leading corporate entities and non-profit

organizations like tata energy research institute (teri),

hudco, nhb, cii, ilo etc.,sharing a common concern for

the 'habitat',has a total of 37 institutions working for same.


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BUILDING LAYOUT:

The whole complex consist of building blocks

with aerial walkways interconnecting the

building blocks. These building blocks being separated manage

to create interesting courtyards that are partially

open to the elements.

2 basements at P1 & P2 level,for parking &

services

LOCATION FOOTPRINT:A.MARGOSA LAWN

B.SILK COTTON LAWNC.EMERALD GARDEN

D.AMPHITHEATRE

E.THE PLAZA

G.CONVENTION

CENTRE

H.SILVER OAK LAWN

ORIENTATION:North-South

Main blocks & their

arrangement:Building has total 7 blocks, allinterconnected with steel bridges.

Complex is divided in to 2 Zones-1. SOUTH ZONE:

Block 1 & 2- (facilities block)Block 3- (auditorium block)2. NORTH ZONE:Blocks 4,5,6,7- all office blocks(ngos),visual arts gallery,foodcourt- eatopia

BLOCK 1 & 2

BLOCK 3


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1. SOUTH ZONE BLOCK 1&3

THE CONVENTION CENTRE:

India's most comprehensive

convention centre.

Over 20 concurrent sessions possible.

State of the art a.v. equipment.

Computer controlled conference &

simultaneous interpretation system in

auditorium.

Well equipped secretariat &

documentation centre.

STEIN AUDITORIUM:Ideal for large conferences, seminars,

film screenings, presentations, theatre

MAHOGANY:For small gatherings.

attached are a kitchenette

and a private washroom.

JACARANDA:

Elegantly carpeted,ideal for

corporate meetings,seminars, workshops and

fine parties.


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SILVER OAK:

outdoor attachments in form

of a patio, garden space, for

exhibitions, conferences,

seminars

DOCUMENTATION CENTRE:

Has 6 cabins as well as 6 workstations fitted with all modern business aids

CASUARINA:

A fixed seating hall equipped

with state-of-the-art

multimedia facilities and each

table equipped with a set of

mikes. Ideal for seminars,

corporate presentations, press

interactions, product launches.

THE TRINTY: Flexible set

with individual as well as

combined usage possibilities.Ideal for workshops, board

meetings and theatre/cultural

performances

AREA (SQFT) SEATING

Amaltas 1760 55

Kadamba 620 24

Rudraksha 620 24

The Theatre 3000 120

Casurina 1520 60

Mangolia 1540 65

Maple 1270 32

Auditorium 6200 537

AREA (SQFT) SEATING

Silver Oak- I 1200 60

Silver Oak - II 840 40Mahogany 470 24

Chinar 320 16

Willow 570 35

Gulmohar 2870 113

Jacaranda - I 1290 60


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BLOCK-2

Hotel block with 57 guest rooms & suites, every floor

boasts of its very own theme,reflects in the furniture

style and colour schemes.

Along with a SPA, GYM & SWIMMING POOL

FOOD FACILITIES

Inadequate canteen facilities encourage outside dhabas spoiling the facade &

access to the buildings. So solution here was to invite dhabas inside the

building. Nominal rent, hygienic facility & quality control.

2.NORTH ZONEVisual arts gallery5,000

sq.ft of space, which

works as an art exhibitionspace with its adjoining

sculptural court.

BLOCKS 4,5,6,7- ALL

OFFICE BLOCKS

(NGOS), VISUAL ARTS

GALLERY FOOD COURT-

EATOPIA

ORIENTAL OCTAPUS

PAST TIMES

DELHI O DELHI

EATOPIA


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OUTDOOR VENUES:

HANDICAP PARKING:

Handicap car parking is provided,

Plus railings and ramps at variousparts of

building

whereneeded.


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ENTRANCES AND PARKING:

The ground was perceived as a vehicle-free environmentexcept

for repair & fire.

All cars and scooters are directed in to two levels of basement. Only two drop off points-convention centre porch, hotel porch.

Parking at ground level from gate 1- only for members

BASEMENT


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SERVICES: SERVICES IN BASMENT

Entire building is air conditioned. Basements are mechanically

ventilated. Sprinklers system is installed

Fire escape staircases and lobbiesare pressurised to prevent spread of

fire along vertical shafts

.

SERVICE CORES FROMBASEMENT,LIFTS &

STARICASE

FIRE CONTROL ROOM

HVAC SYSTEM WATER TREATMENT PLANT

AT P1 LEVEL-TIME OFFICE

STORE OF IHC

STAFF CANTEN

DRIVERS REST ROOM SERVICE ENTRY TO

HOTEL BLOCK


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DESIGN REVIEW:

Though of an imposing nature, the

building complex manages to blend

in with its surroundings through its

natural embellishments.

The presence of an amphitheatre

also marks an interesting feature of the complex.

The external facade of the convention centre has a mundane appearance

which masks the open inner space.

The absence of roof gutters ridsthe complex of clutter, instead

separations between walls that are lined

with tiles facilitates the disposal of rain

water.

IHC serves

different emotions

at different places

The building's all entrances are not one and the

same. The first entrance depicts a seemingly

long deep corridor.

Gate no.2 creates curiosity to a person when

stands in front of the building.

PRESSURISED

SHAFTS

SERVICE ENTRY

TO BANQUETS

CHILLER PLANT AT GROUND


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Gate no.3 gives surprise when it opens to a huge space.

ENERGY EFFICIENY:

LADSCAPING:

Each courtyard has been designed to impart a distinct identity to the spaces

and its conductive to the type of functions or activities that can be anticipated.

CARFULLY PLANNED LAWNS

PATHWAYS ARE PROVIDED

WITH SHADES


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ON NORTH FAADE PLENTY OF LAWNS ARE GIVEN BECAUSE OF LESS SUN

ON SOUTH FACADDE NO LEVISH GARDENS

WATER BODY

PLAY OF LEVELS CREATING

VERTICAL GARDENS

TALL PALM TREES IN 3FT

HIGH PLANTERS

PLANTS IN WINDOW BOXES

SOFTENING THE WALL SURFACES


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WHY CALLED HABITAT CENTRE??????????

Habitat means home, all living being resides at a same time.

Birds sit on sunscreen, fishes in the water body & we humans.

Anyone can enter, there is no restriction.

So it is for all people. all people eat, rest at a same place,

A peon also open his lunch and high profile officer also

In Amphitheatre, street children plays also goes on & at the same time

ministers/executives delivers their lecture

Not yet turned in to a commercial commercial during its whole life time

of 16years like nehru place. The main objective of the IHC is resolve the habitat related problems.

To work for the conservation of habitat.

The offices present in the complex are all NGO,s & related to

environment & habitat preservation.

There is also a habitat learning centre.


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CASE STUDY 2

INDIA INTERNATIONAL

CENTRE, NEW DELHI


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CASE STUDY 2

INDIA INTERNATIONAL

CENTRE, NEW DELHI :

Architect-J.A. Stein

Site area- 4.6 Acres

Built up area-8582Sq.m Covered

area-4400Sq.m Cons. started-1960

Year of completion-1962

Location-At Lodi Estate, New Delhi

INTRODUCTION:

The India International Centre is a premier non-official organizationin

the capital playing a unique cultural and intellectual role in the life of the

citizens.

It is among the best convention centers.

This non-profit institution works for the cultural interaction between

nations.

It is a meeting point & gossip gallery for foreign diplomats & Indian

bureaucrats.

The centre is non-official in its character and do not affiliate itself to any

government, political, economic or religious organization.

AIMS &OBJECTIVES:

To provide intellectual service

through seminars, symposium,

meeting, debates.

It also houses one of the best

libraries in India.

To provide cultural service, which is undertaken through the regular

song and dance performances apart from Film screenings.

Community servicethrough its hostel &catering facility.


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LAYOUT OF BUILDING:

The centre is laid out with three wingseach serving a separate function.

1.North wing:Residential and catering facilities to members and their guests2.South wing:

Programme block of offices Library

Domed Auditorium.3. West wing:

The lounge

Dining hall & services,overlooking LODI Gardens.

AREAS:

AUDITORIUM

Seating capacity- 250, theatre style

with 12 semicircular rows approached

by two aisles.

Area- 300 sq.m

Hexagonal plan

It is surmounted by a dome in the

shape of smaller inscribed hexagons

STONE CLADDING IN THE DOME FOR

REFLECTION AND SOUND DISTRIBUTION


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GUEST ROOMS

38 Single Bedrooms, area 16sq.m

28 Double Bedrooms, area 36sq.m

It has been given a curved formwhich approaches, then recedes

from the part boundary, avoiding

the expression of a long rigid

arcade along the park.

LOUNGE AND DINING

Hexagonal plan

The lounge is slightly elevatedabove the adjoining ground to

obtain a better view into the

centre garden and also to

make it attractive.

Surrounded and shaded by itsown verandah, on which it freely

opens the lounge enjoys the feeling of

its space extending far beyond its

enclosing glass.


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DINING HALL (120)-180 SQ.M

PRIVATE DINING (45)-70 SQ.M

LOUNGE (90)-108 SQ.M

BAR (40)-48 SQ.M

KITCHEN-380 SQ.M

CONFERENCE ROOMS

CONFERENCE HALL1-92SQ.M

CONFERENCE HALL 2-50SQM

LIBRARY

Rectangular block Area -450 sq.m

Backdoor service for books at rear

side is provided.

A direct view of whole library can be

made from reception which is not appropriate.


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MATERIALS:

IIC is virtually handmade

building. Natural concrete in the

structure revealed throughout

in its own texture and colour.

The building is without exterior

paint or colour.


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Materials permitted to assume their fine natural

coloration.

Consistent expression of the structure is made

by use of

concrete column ,beams & coffered

concrete ceiling.

LANDSCAPING:

Landscaping has been done to enhance the ambience rock garden.

Central court is designed for dining in open areas

Building landscape is merging with adjoining LODI Gardens.


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LOUVERS AND SHADING DEVICES:

Range of shading devices- roof top,

pergolas, jalies,vertical shading louvers.

Jalies of fire clay tiles shade exteriorsouthern walls, also screen the service

area.

In addition to filtering light these jalies

have no horizontalsurface for dust.


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SERVICES:

The entire building is air- conditioned.

Double basement for services

Services provided:AC PLANT ROOM

WATER PURIFICATION PLANT

ELECTRIC SUB STATION

CONTROL ROOM

MECHANICAL ROOM

DRINKING WATER

TANK

WATER TREATMENT

PLANT

FIRE PUMP ROOM

LOCKERS, STORE

PLANNING FEATURES:

Uniformity in design & architectural character.

A very subdued form merging with surroundings.

Layout according to shape of the site.

Landscape merges with the LODI Garden.

Library could have been in a quieter location.

Efficient by means of verandas & less corridors.

Dining is away from guest rooms

Single staircase in utility block is in sufficient

Lobby for Auditorium, library & administration is common

Parking space is not well provided.

STAFF CANTEEN


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CASE STUDY 3

CHENNAI CONVENTIO

CENTRE, CHENNAI


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CASE STUDY 3

CHENNAI CONVENTION CENTRE:

A JEWEL FOR THE NEW

GENERATION

TAMILNADU has been fast

emerging as one of the

progressive state in the

industrial map of india.

Chennai the capital city has

seen a dramatic rise in international business operations and tradepromotion activities.

To meet the evergrowing needs of the international trade and business,

TamilNadu Trade Promotion Organization has been set up.

Site area- 25 Acres

Architect - C.R.

Narayan Rao

LOCATION:The Chennai

Convention Centre

is set up at a prime

location in the

Chennai metro, nandambakkam adjacent to st. thomas mount .

Ideal location.Chennai airport -5 kms/15 mins drive

1.5km away from inner ring road

1.6km away from great southern trunk road

Easily accessible from the main IT corridor

American embassy (us) -12 kms 25 to 30 mins drive.

MAIN ENTRY

SERVICE ENTRY


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SPACES:

3 Exhibition Halls

Convention Centre

Administration block Ample parking space

Outdoor venues

NEED FOR CONVENTION CENTRE:

As meetings, seminars and

conventions,buyers seller meet, trade

discussion etc are part of trade promotional

activities and there was a felt need for aconvention centre within the ctc complex,

the board of tntpo in its resolve to construct

convention centre at a cost of rs.26.83

crores

LEGENDS

1.AUDITORIUM

2. STAGE

3. MULTIPURPOSE

HALL

4. VIDEO CONTROL RM

5. AUDIO CONTROL RM

6. MEETING RM


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EXHIBITION SPACE:CTC HAS THREE HALLS -

HALL NO. 1 (4,400 SQ. MTRS)

HALL NO. 2 (1,760 SQ.MTRS.)

HALL NO.3 (4,400 SQ.MTRS)

The air -conditioned hallswith no

intermittent pillars or columns, areeminently suitable for multi-purpose

use of organizing exhibitions, conferences, conventions and conducting

other trade, commerce and industry-related events.

All the halls are inter-linkedand hall no. 3 is connected with convention

centre.

7. GREEN RM

8. LANDSCAPE AREA

9. PLANTERS

10. GENTS TOILET

11. LADIES TOILET12. LOBBY

19. LOUNGE

20. VIP PANTRY

21. FAX/XEROX

13. COMMON LOUNGE

14. OPEN PLAZA

15. ELECTRICAL RM

16. TES TANK

17. SERVICE ENTRY

18. VIP WAITING

CONFERENCE HALL

ENTRANCE FOYER

MEETING ROOMS LOBBY

CONVENTION LOBBY


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LANDSCAPING:THE cool and green environs perfectly

refreshes mind and balancingly blends it

with the building.

PARKING:Ample parking space is provided

separate parking for convention centre

and exhibition hall via parking.


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FACILITIES:

HALLS WITH CENTRALIZED AIR CONDITIONING

AMPLE CAR PARKING FACILITIES WITHSEPARATE PARKING FOR PROTOCOL.

SERVICE TRENCHES FOR POWER,WATER SUPPLY AND DRAIN LINE,

TELEPHONES & COMPRESSED AIR.

POWER: 2 NOS. OF 1000 KVATRANSFORMERS AND 100% STAND BY

GENERATORS ARE PROVIDED.

GENERAL LIGHTING INSIDE THE HALLS.

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM WITH ZONALCONTROL

200 LINES FOR TELEPHONE FACILITIES. WATER SUPPLY FOR GENERAL

PURPOSES.

HEAVY DUTY FLOORING (BEARINGCAPACITY OF 5 TONNES PER SQ.MT. APPROX)

TOILET FACILITIES FOR GENTS, LADIESAND HANDICAPPED

BUSINESS CENTRE PROTOCOL ANDSERVICE ROOM.

FIRE PROTECTION THROUGH WATER SPRINKLERS, SMOKE DETECTORSAND FIRE ALARMS PROVIDED.

AMBULANCE AND FIRST AID SERVICE ONREQUEST.

BANKING FACILITIES ON REQUEST

CAR HAILING SYSTEM

VESTIBULES LINKING BOTH THE HALLS.

LANDSCAPING WITH FOUNTAINS.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

WIFI ENABLED

GENERAL SECURITY


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DESIGN PRINCIPLES


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DESIGN PRINCIPLES:

1.EVERY THING MUST HAVE A PURPOSE

a. Relation of park to surroundings

b. Relation of use areas to site

e. Relation of use areas to use areas

d. Relation of major structures to use areas

e. Relation of minor structures to minor structures

2.DESIGN MUST BE FOR PEOPLE

a. Balance of impersonal and personal needs

3.BOTH FUNCTION AND AESTHETICS MUST BE

SATISFIED

a. Balance of dollar and human values

4.ESTABLISH A SUBSTANTIAL EXPERIENCE

a. Effect of lines, forms, textures, and colors

b. Effects of dominance

c. Effects of enclosure


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5.ESTABLISH A APPROPRIATE EXPERIENCEa.Suited to personality of place

b. Suited to personality of user

c. Suited to personality of function

d. Suited to scale

6.SATISFY TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTa. Sizes

b. Quantities

c. Orientation to natural forces

d. Operating needs

7.MEET NEEDS FOR FEWEST POSSIBLE COSTa. Balance of needs and budget

b. Use of existing resources

c. Provision of appropriate structural materials

d. Provision of appropriate plant materials

e. Attention to details

8.PROVIDE FOR SUPERVISION EASEa. Balance of use freedom and control

b. Circulation

c. Safety

d. Discouraging undesirables


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DESIGN

CONSIDERATIONS


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FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN CRITERIA:

These specific conditions of hot and tropical climate depend mainly on

the following considerations:

Physical comfort by day depends mainly on a reduction of intense

radiation from the sun, ground and the surrounding buildings.

Breezes cannot be used to advantage indoors unless the air is cool

and tile air is filtered out.

Outside conditions are so hostile in this climate that both building and

external living spaces need to be protected, as much as possible, from

the intense solar radiations and the hot dusty winds.

During the day, ventilation should be kept minimum, necessary only

when the stored heat is to be dissipated.

Surface exposed to the sun should be reduced as much as possible.

The larger dimension of the building should be minimized and should

face North or South. The worst orientations are towards the West.

RESPONSE TO CLIMATE AND RESOURCES:

The basic principles of design in tropical climate

> Dense cluster of the buildings

The basic criterion for planning is the compact packing of the Units. These

houses are built back to back site to site in a dense cluster. This protects a

minimum of two to three sides of from direct exposure to the solar radiation.

> Courtyard planning

Introvert planning around courtyards helps in avoiding solar radiation by

shading, besides helping ventilation and allowing diffused light to all rooms-

the central court is the hub of many activities.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS


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> Effect of climate on building design

The data on the climate of Ghaziabad shows that the effective temperature in

the summer months exceeds the comfort conditions while in winter the

effective temperature is lower than comfort conditions.

> Flow of heat:

Due to high temperature in summer, there is marked tendency of the heat

flow inside the building the roofs and walls of the building. Heat flow

depends upon the normal conductivity of the material porosity of the

material. From the data, the following can be clearly seen:

The importance of proper location of openings .

The importance of Orientation

The roof problem

WIND: One of the forces, which act on the building, is wind pressure, which

acts against the walls and roofs.

Wind loading is based on the measurement of the wind velocity and

the pressure exerted when the velocity of a mass of air is checked by

an obstruction.

The pressure being proportional to the square of the velocity thatmay be expected in a particular locality will depend on the exposed

nature of locality.

Cold winds in the winter and the dust storm in the summer also come

from the same direction therefore the opening in this direction should

be capable of being tightly closed.

NATURAL VENTILATION AND THERMAL COMFORT:

Natural ventilation means movement of air in and out of a buildingunder the action of the atmospheric forces.

Such air movement is essential in a building to supply the required

amount of fresh air to reduce the concentration of odors and air borne

contamination with a space.


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FACTORS AFFECTING VENTILATION

The chief reason for insufficient flow of air or the change of air is the

absence of suitable inlet for fresh air or escape from the warm vitiated

air.

When the temperature difference induces ventilation the phenomenon

is known as stack effect and when the ventilation is by pressure

difference the phenomenon is known as WIND ACTION.

When the breeze -blows against the buildings, It establishes a zone of

positive pressure against the windward way and a corresponding zone

of reduced pressure on the leeward side of the building.

If the Induced pressure is conveyed to the air within a building through

stably placed openings, the air will be forced Inwards through theopenings on the leeward side.

The rate at which the air will enter the flow through the building will

depend on the speed and direction of winds the layout of structures and

the extent of suitably placed openings.

OUTDOOR SPACE

A courtyard is the most pleasant outdoor space for most of the ye

because it excludes the wind and traps the sun.

Pergolas carrying deciduous creepers may even cover the courtyard.

SURFACE TREATMENT:

Surface expose to the sun during the hot and warm season should be

light colored or of shiny polished metal.

During cold season the heat of sun is important, therefore absorptive

surfaces will be required in place of shading and reflective surfaces of

the hot seasons


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LANDSCAPING:

Plans, vines and trees for shade can be placed either on the surface of

the building or at some distance away.

Deciduous trees provide shade in summer allow sun in winter.

Creepers when used as fence can shade the west wall.

The location of trees should be according to the sun angle and

azimuths so that they provide proper shade and do not interfere with air

movements.

The vertical baffles, necessary for shading, prove advantageous in

increasing the volume of airflow for large angles of wind interference.

LIGHTNING:


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Good lighting is necessary to enable work to be done efficiently and

comfortably.

Good lighting is not merely a lot of light but sufficient glare free light

from right direction. In a building the higher the window is placed the more efficient is the

resultant lighting.

Firstly the sky is usually brighter near the zenith than near than the

horizon. On fully overcast days the horizon is about one third as bright

as zenith. Consequently a window, which looks towards the horizon, will

admit at least light for its area.

Secondly, light coming at glancing is less effective than light coming

perpendicularly.

Tall windows admit light further into the room than the wide window, but

gives rise to greater glare.

APPLICATION OF CLIMATE IN THE BUILDING:

As already discussed, there are three major agencies that govern the

climate. They are sun, windand rains.

In this building, which is partly air-conditioned and the rest are

supposed to be air-conditioned.

Later on, sun is the most important element. If it is properly controlled, it

can be held to reduce the cost of air conditioners, other two elements

are rather in significant for air-conditioned buildings.


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MATERIALS USED

ALUCOBOND:

Design elegance, stylish transitions, daring details & interesting surfaces,

harmonious back grounds, surprising effects caused by light and shape

all of these & much more can easily achieved with Alucobond composite

panels.

It is alight composite material consisting of two aluminum cover sheets

and a core made of plastic.

This simple, but extremely versatile product concept has been developed

to provide a faade material with a host of advantage for architects.

1. Stable yet flexible2. Smooth surface3. Shock resistant4. Vibration absorbent5. Used in more than 50000 building world wide6. Available in thick nesses of 3mm, 4mm and 6mm.

USES:

High-rise, Low rise, Canopies & awnings and Interiors

For high traffic situations di bond with its structural lacquered surface is

the perfect solution.

Many developments now suffer from stained concrete, cracked masonry,

failing render &, other time related problems. Inevitably this results in

unattractive appearance & a fall in commercial value.

An Alucobond over cladding system dramatically improves the visual

effect of on old building and restores the propertys value.

Alucobond offers outstanding protection from weather, withstands the

effects of industrial pollution, and serves energy.

It is lightweight, quick to install and easy to maintain. Available in a

range of color and sizes.


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ACRYLITE ACRYLIC SHEET:

It is lightweight substitute for glass that has better optical quality and more is

economical. It provides low distortion and doesnt yellow after prolong

exposure to sun light. It also offers four times more impact resistance than

sunlight.

SHEET SIZES:48 by 96, 51 by 100, 72 by 96, 100 by 100, 100 by 150

AVAILABLE COLORS: White (opaque and transparent), ivory, gray,

bronze, Black, red, orange, brown, amber violet, etc.

GENERAL APPLICATION:

Retail displays and fixturesglazing Signs

Picture frames

Skylight

Windows

ADVANCED GLAZING SYSTEM:

Environmental Issues/PrincipalImpacts

In addition to providing a visual connection to

the outdoors, and acting as a shield against

weather, glazing systems impact on the

heating, cooling and daylight performance of

the building.

Advanced glazing systems minimise energy

use for cooling and heating in the perimeterareas of a building while maintaining the

benefits of comfort and connection with the

outdoors.


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The benefits of an energy efficient, high performance

glazing system are:

Lowered cooling demand in theperimeter areas of the building,requiring smaller heating,ventillating and air-conditioning(HVAC) plant and reduced energyuse for cooling.

Higher levels of natural light (ordaylight), enhancing visual andpsychological comfort ofoccupants. A well lit, comfortablework environment has beenlinked with reduced absenteeism.

The extra daylight can be utilisedin conjunction with daylight linkedelectric lighting control to reduceenergy use for lighting.

Since electric lighting is a heatload, this has an implication infurther reducing HVAC coolingneeds.

Over the life of the plant/building, the reduced energy use will lead to

substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

Advanced glazing systems:

Modern glazing systems may consist of two or more panes of glass,which may be laminated together to form a single pane or sealed intoan insulating double glass unit at the factory.

The space between the glass panes could be filled with air or a lowconductivity gas, or be evacuated.

Special spacers filled with desiccant material to prevent condensationoccurring within the glazing unit are used to separate the glass panes.

High technology sealantmaterials are used for bonding the glasssurfaces andspacer material.

Each glass pane may have a body tint or surface coatings.The coatingscould be spectrally selective, such as low emittance coatings, whichreflect infra-red energy, but transmit visible light.


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ELECTIVE- 1

LANDSCPE


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LANDSCAPING

LANDSCAPE DESIGN:

Man cannot exist without plant life. The diversity amongst plants is an

astonishing factor. Plants range from microscopic algae to gigantic red

wood, 100 meters or more in height.

Shrubs and trees are predominantly used in any landscaping of garden,

for roadside planting, public parks, institutions, colleges, complexes etc

and without them no garden or landscaping scheme is complete.

Unlike annuals and plotted plants they need minimum care

Besides they play a significant role in controlling air and noise pollution in

cities and towns.

It is smaller than tree in height. Handsome with its dense foliage and

bright colored flowers.

Shrubs give triple pleasure in any garden with colors, fragrance and

privacy. A well designed hedge with its rich green color and dense foliage

looks like wall.

Depending on soil climate and care, most shrubs attain a height of 0.5

meter to 4 meter in two to four years.

Choosing of a shrub depends on several factors such as climate, space

available, sunlight, variety, decorative foliage etc.

A well designed garden comprises ornamental shrubs and trees, with

profuse blocks of annuals and perennials.

Bright sunlight, water and plentiful supply of organic manure form the

trio for quick growth, early production of healthy blossoms with

fragrances.

The landscaping can be broadly divided in to two parts:

1. HARD LANDSCAPING

2. SOFT LANDSCAPING


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PLANTING:

Planting design must strike a balance between considerations of plant

function, cost, hardiness, safety, and maintenance.

1. Efforts should be made to support the existing visual character and

ecological function of the site within its regional context, through the use of

native plant materials wherever possible.

2. Plant material can be used to create comfortable microclimates, provide

screening, circulation control, wildlife habitat, and mitigate erosive slopes or

contaminated sites.

3. Initial nursery and planting costs must always be balanced against the costof long-term maintenance . Plants are typically less expensive to buy and

install than hardscape materials, and can require less maintenance if properly

chosen.

4. Locally grown plant materials that are fully adapted to the region should be

used whenever possible to ensure hardiness.

5. Many plant materials are poisonous, thorny, produce excessive litter, and

are susceptible to broken or drooping branches, have shallow roots, or attract

undesirable insects. Care must be taken in selecting plants which are safe for

users and suitable for a given purpose.

6. Variety is encouraged to promote a diverse plant community that has a

healthy resiliency to attack by insects or disease, especially in urban street

tree applications. No single genus should be represented in an area by more

than ten percent of the overall planting scheme.

7. Trees and shrubs should be protected from lawnmowers and string

trimmers that girdle the trunk. Passing vehicles may break branches and

compact the soil which can also damage plantings.


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CONCEPT:

The basic idea of taking landscaping design as an advanced objective is to

develop an integrated system of landscape and built form. This can be

achieved by designing outdoor spaces, courtyards, water bodies, sculptures,

murals etc. this adds the beauty and character to the building and brings it

closer to the users. Landscapes design does not merely mean planting some

trees here and there. This also calls for proper creation of user friendly

spaces, giving them an environment where they would perform their function

well, feel a part of whole complex, feel calm and refreshing when they are in

the complex.

SELECTIONCRITERIA:Selection criteria for the flora:

Functional role to be played by the plant on site, for example, visual barrier,

checking pollution, creating cozy court or plaza

Growth habitat of plants

Form generated by plants

Crown density of the plant

Leaf density of the plant

Height of the plant

Success of any landscaping design depends on the following functions:

Environmental conditions


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Growth of vegetation over an extended period of time

Availability of manure

Future intensity of usages

CONTRIBUTION OF LANDSCPING:

Effects of forms, trees, shrubs, creepers, water bodies enrichments can help

in the following ways:

Trees with high canopies and good spread can be used with advantage to

shade the roof and such trees should be located on the south-east, South-

west position for better efficiencies.

Trees with average spread can be used on east and west at a distance

ranging between 20ft to 30ft from the building to cut low rays of the summer

sun in tile late evening and early morning.

Trees with columnar and vertical character are recommended for shelterbelts

and screen both for shade and dust storm protection.

Trees with different forms and dimensions when combined to create various

kinds of spaces would also help in controlling the humidity anti flow of breeze.

Trees with exceptionally low stem clearance would be very useful for west

and east to the low westerly rays in the evening.

SOFT LANDSCAPING:


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EVERGREEN TREES FOR GREEN BACKGROUND ANDBUFFERING:


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DECIDIOUS TREES FOR PLANTING IN SOUTHERN

DIRECTION OF BUILDING:


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SMALL TREES:

TREES FOR AVENUES :


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DESCRIPTION OF SHRUBS:


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HARD LANDSCAPING:

BOND PATTERNS


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PAVING FOR DRIVEWAY:


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TYPES OF BLOCKS AND BRICKS:

CONCRETE BLOCKS

CLAY BRICKS:


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SHA

PES AND SIZES


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COLOURS:


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TEXTURE:

DECORATIVE PAVERS:


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ELECTIVE- 2

INTERIORS


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INTERIOR DESIGN

BASIC ELEMENTS OF INTERIOR DESIGN ARE:

Color

Form

Texture

These three elements must be considered in

designing. Form is defined as the shape of

furniture and the structure of its frameTexture is also highly relative term it

refers to how the surface of an object is perceived relative to the object

aroundit.Unity or harmonyhas been achieved when viewers senses that all the

individual element of an interior complement each other and have been

chosen with one over arching theme in mind.

Rhythmin general is the pattern repetition of a motif especially in an interior

project. One or more of the basic elements of interior will comprise the motif.

AN INTERIOR SPACE MUST CONSIST OF THE

FOLLOWING:

Large column free spaces are required for

exhibiting collections.

Interior wall surface should be subdued

and have low reflectivity.

Sufficiently large opening circulation

spaces are required.

Besides these the materials of flooring, walls, ceiling etc must be chosen

consciously keeping in mind the above points so as to avoid the glare and

multiple reflection


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WALL FINISHES:

The wall finishes should be chosen keeping in mind that they should not

produce glare.

For this they should be coated with textured Acrylic polymer paint over

two coats of putty applied over the finished surface of the wall.

FLOORING:

The flooring should be provided keeping in mind the load carried by

them.

They should also not produce glare and finally they should be of such a

color which creates the desired environment.

For this we can use a particular type of flooring or a combination of

flooring tiles.

We can use various granites, marbles, such that they do not distract

attention and should not be in contrast with the exhibits.

FALSE CEILING:

False Ceiling should be designed keeping in mind the pattern of

lightings to be provided.

They should also not reflect the light to check glare.

They should be straight and not curved so as to check the echoing of

the sound.

They are made up of wooden or iron frames which are suspended from

the slab by the iron wires or rods over which ply boards or gypsum

boards could be fitted.

If wooden frames are used then the ply boards are nailed over these

frames, and over these ply boards are pasted the mica sheets of

desired color and texture.


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LIGHTING:

The lighting used in buuildings is of three types

1. Artificial 2. Natural

3. Combination of artificial and natural.Generally SPOTLIGHTSare used to high light

the objects though we can use fluorescent tube

lights, concealed lights as desired.

STAGE LIGHTING: Modern stage lightingisa flexible tool in the production of :Theatre,dance, opera and other performance arts.Several different types of stage lightinginstruments are used in the pursuit of thevarious principles or goals of lighting.

FUNCTIONS OF LIGHTING:

Stage lighting has several functions, although to allow for artistic effect, nohard and fast rules can ever be applied. The functions of lighting include:

Illumination:Any lighting design will be ineffective if the viewerscannot see the characters; unless this is the explicit intent.

Revelation of form:Altering the perception of shapes onstage,particularly three-dimensional stage elements.

Focus:Directing the audience's attention to an area of the stage ordistracting them from another.

Mood:Setting the tone of a scene. Harsh red light has a totally differenteffect than soft lavender light.

Location and time of day:Establishing or altering position in time andspace. Blues can suggest night time while orange and red can suggest

a sunrise or sunset.

Projection/stage elements:Lighting may be used to project sceneryor to act as scenery onstage.

Plot:A lighting event may trigger or advance the action onstage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_lighting_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_lighting_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_lighting_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_lighting_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_lighting_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Classical_spectacular10.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Classical_spectacular10.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Classical_spectacular10.jpg


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QUALITIES OF LIGHTING:

INTENSITY

Measured inlux,lumensandfoot-candles. For any given luminaire this depends upon the power of the lamp, the

design of the instrument ,the presence or absence ofcolour gelsorgobos,distance from the area to be lit and the beam or field angle ofthe fixture

Color Temperature is measured inKelvin,and gel colours are organized

by several different systems maintained by the color manufacturingcompanies.

LED fixturescreate colour through additive colour mixing with red,green, and blue LEDs at different intensities. This type of colourmixing is also used frequently withborderlightsandcycloramalightsto create different colours on stage and on the cyclorama.

PATTERNPattern refers to the shape, quality and evenness of a lamp's output.

The pattern of light an instrument makes is largely determined by three

factors. The first are the specifics of the lamp, reflector and lens

assembly. Secondly, the specifics of how the lamp is focused affect its

pattern

FOCUS, POSITION AND HANGING

Focus is a term usually used to

describe where an instrument is

pointed. The final focus should place

the "hot spot" of the beam at the

actor's head level when standing at

the center of the instrument's assigned

"focus area" on the stage.

Position refers to the location of an instrument in the theater's fly

systemor on permanent pipes in front-of-house locations.

Hangingis the act of placing the instrument in its assigned position.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(unit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(unit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(unit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot-candlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot-candlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot-candlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_gelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_gelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_gelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_stage_lightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_stage_lightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striplighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striplighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striplighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclorama_(theatre)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclorama_(theatre)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclorama_(theatre)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_(electrical_component)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_(electrical_component)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_(electrical_component)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclorama_(theatre)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striplighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_stage_lightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_gelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot-candlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(unit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Theater_electric_batten.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Theater_electric_batten.jpg


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SIGNAGE SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA:

EXTERIOR SIGNS

Exterior sign system components are normally viewed from vehicles or bypedestrians who have parked their vehicles and are walking toward their

destination.

INTERIOR SIGNS

Interior sign system components should assist visitors to travel from the

building entrances throughout the complex until they reach their desired

destination.


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H A B I T A T C E N T R E , G H A Z I A B A D P a g e 1 0

DRAWINGS


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ERNEST NEUFERT, ARCHITECTS DATA

Time Saver Standards for Building Types, Joseph De

Chiara & John Hancock Callender

INDIAN STANDARD INSTITUTE: National Building Code Journal of Indian Architect: A + D

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Documents

Literature Study Final