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LITERATURE REVIEW: THE WAY TO GET IDEA AND SUPPORT YOUR OPINION. Ching-Chih Lee. What is literature review. Synthesis of existing knowledge: not just report previous studies Acquainted with status-quo (present) knowledge Explain and justify the formulation of research - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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What is literature review
Synthesis of existing knowledge: not just report previous studies
Acquainted with status-quo (present) knowledge Explain and justify the formulation of research questions or hypothesis
How to do?
Summarize past research Explanation of decisions Punctuated (emphasized) by references Justify the need for further study:
Find the gap Find the significance Start your study
EBM: Hierarchy of evidence System: Decision
support, guidelines Summaries: Clinical
Evidence (BMJ) Synopsis(概要 ):
review; DARE database (Database of Abstracts of
Reviews of Effectiveness ) Syntheses(綜合體 ):
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Studies: medline
Five steps in LR
Determine the major concepts Prepare the coding sheet Search for relevant references Analyze the references Report previous research on the selected
topic
Determine the major concepts What are the concepts for your question? List concepts: order of importance; logical
presentation The incidence of NPC in Taiwan The subsequent risk of stroke in head and neck
cancer The stroke incidence in NPC: remained unknown ……….
Don’t overlook worthy studies Search, analyze search again…….
Prepare coding sheet (1)
Collect all needed information: Endnote is a good method
Critique the references A coding sheet is the results of
preliminary review:
Prepare coding sheet (2)
Background information Design information Measurement information Outcomes information Limitations
Search for relevant references (1) Read extensively in the area that are
either area directly or indirectly related to the topic of study
Use current and widely accepted references
Search for relevant references (2) Sources of literature
Books Journals: Medline, Pubmed, OVID, Health
star… These Government reports Scientific meeting Unpublished work
Search for relevant references (3) How to narrow down your search?
Set limits: date of publication, study design, gender, age group…
Focus on review articles Use related articles Search the author’s name Refine search
Pitfalls: self-cited problem, publication bias (only positive results)
Search for relevant references (4) Which ones to avoid?
Wrong subject matter Flawed design
Study instrument, target population, dataset can’t answer the question
Poorly chosen sample Inappropriate control groups Too small sample size
Flawed analysis Statistical procedures not well explained Unsuitable tests
Search for relevant references (5) How good should we include? (not how
many) Quality is more important: Key references,
such as NEJM, JAMA, Neurology, Stroke, CA, JCO, Cancer, Red Journal
Not too many citation to support your idea Include the most important or influential
papers Literature review is a proxy of your
knowledge in this field
Don’t forget “Clinical queries” in pubmed
Clinical study categories Systematic reviews Medical genetics
Demonstration of LR
Use Pubmed Use limitation Find related articles
Find articles published by the same author Download citation Endnote