Literature Reivew Digital Literacy

8/15/2019 Literature Reivew Digital Literacy

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Running head: EVOLVING FACE OF DIGITAL LITERACY

Literature Review of the Evolving Fae of Digital Litera!

Ti"oth! #$ O%Callaghan

Georgia &tate 'niver(it!

)


2/12

EVOLVING FACE OF DIGITAL LITERACY

Literature Review of the Evolving Fae of Digital Litera!

In one of the fir(t e*i(ode( of the Cra+ed *oda(t #a(on ,argin- (*o+e of generational

ga*(. and the lo(( of *riva!$ To *ara*hra(e. he (aid !ou don%t (ee the generational ga* when

(o"eone at( in a wa! !ou would not. the ga* ari(e( when (o"e one deli/eratel! goe( out to do

(o"ething that !ou ouldn%t /e fored to do 0,argin. 12)34$ In the onte5t of digital litera!. new

*eo*le are learning a/out digital "edia in new wa!( and rea(on( not envi(ioned /efore$ Thi( i( to

/e a di(u((ion of the evolving nature of digital litera!. who it i( affeting. how it%( /eing taught

and the 6wh!7 of it all$ -#a(on i( /etter +nown /! hi( ,(eudon!" David 8ong. authoring

(everal en9o!a/le /oo+(. (uh a( 6#ohn Die( at the End.7 6Futuri(ti Violene and Fan! &uit(.7and 6Thi( oo+ i( Full of &*ider(: &eriou(l! Dude Don;t Touh It7$

History

Technology

The rea(on digital litera! ha( to hange i( /eau(e digital "edia and digital (*ae( have

hanged$ The environ"ent ha( hanged. (o we have to ada*t with it$ Digital "edia i( "ore than

9u(t we/ develo*"ent. /ut the evolution of the we/ i( a good avatar for under(tanding thi(

develo*"ent$

Web 0.0. In the late ilitar! /a(e( and re(earhe( 0Internet ?i(tor!. 12)34$ Thi( i( 8e/ 2$2$ Thi( had le(( to do with

hu"an( litera! a( it did with "ehanial$ The fir(t e="ail wa(n%t even (ent for nearl! @ !ear($

0FLEI&?>AN. 12)14$

Web 1.0. ,rior to )B 0arrett. )B4 /row(ing the we/ wa( /illed li+e *hone all( 0*er

"inute4. *eo*le didn%t have the lu5ur! of 6hanging out7 online$ Thi( wa( a ver! 6read=onl!7

e5*eriene. there wa( not a de"and or a/ilit! to engage in a a(ual /a+ and forth "anner$

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0Ollige(. 1224$ Thi( wa( 8e/ )$2. and fli**ing thought endle(( (tati *age( of te5t reuired the

(a"e +ind of litera! a( fli**ing thought atalog( and /rohure($ In /oth the onl! reall!

i"*ortant thing to re"e"/er. i( ea(! infor"ation i(n%t alwa!( orret infor"ation$

Web 2.0. Thi( i( the age of digital litera!. the wa! it i( o""onl! thought of$ eing

6Digital Litera! i( the a/ilit! to u(e infor"ation and o""uniation tehnologie( to find.

evaluate. reate. and o""uniate infor"ation. reuiring /oth ognitive and tehnial (+ill(7

0Vi((er. 12)14$ Thi( i( the we/ a( "an! thin+ of it a de"orati environ"ent where ontent i(

reated /! u(er( for u(er($ Content /eing reated /!. (hared. o""ented on. evaluated and

reo""ended. all /! u(er($ In (hort it i( a 6readwrite7 we/$ A u(er an reate ontent. thi( (*ur(another to o""ent. another read( the o""ent. and reate( ontent /a(ed on the relation(hi*

/etween original ontent. and the o""ent$ Thi( goe( on and on for"ing never /efore (een

relation(hi* /etween idea($ Thi( an (ound e(oteri or tur/ulent. /ut a( "! B2=!ear=old aunt and

"! B=!ear=old ou(in (how. it i( a ver! natural wa! to interat with tehnolog!and the! /oth

*rove the need for digital litera!$ 8hile /logging i( the *rotot!*ial e5a"*le of thi( +ind of

e5*eriene. "iro /logging *latfor"( li+e In(tagra". Twitter and Fae/oo+ ha( /eo"e the

nor". a( well a( vlog 0a *ort"anteau of Video and /LOG. whih i( it(elf i( a *ort"anteau or

we and LOG4 *latfor"( li+e !outu/e$$ To our onern a( eduator(. (tudent( found thi(

olla/orate environ"ent "ore rewarding. and there grade( /enefited a( a re(ult$ Thi(

e"*ower"ent o"e( with (o"e ri(+ of addition 0Ive(. 12)14. thi( i( an o**ortunit! for digital

litera! to (erve a (oial good. a( it an inor*orate (afeguard(. to it%( (+ill (et$ Li+e the old

*rover/ (a!( 6Not onl! an water float a /oat. /ut it an (in+ it al(o$7 &o to an *eo*le float and

(in+ in a (ea of digital "edia$

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Web 3.0. To e5tend the analog!. of the /oat and water. the water level i( ri(ing (o fa(t.

we need to /uild (u/"arine( or learn how to /reath underwater$ 8hen Google wa( /uilt there

were literall! "illion( of we/ *age( 0Ra!. 12)24. and it wa( "ore than a*a/le of handling it /ut

the ontent ine*tion that wa( *art of we/ 1$2 au(ed "ore than a /illion to o"e to /e /! 12)3

0Lafrane. 12)H4 i( (tre((ing it to it%( li"it( 0Fleera+er(. 12)14$ Goggle 0and ing and Yahoo.

/ut Google will /e u(ed a( (hort hand4 i( ada*ting with "ore advaned tool( and tailoring

(earhe( /! a nu"/er of fator(. inluding !our *reviou( (earhe( 0&ta"ou. 1224$ Thi( i( great

(o when a "u(i lover t!*e( 6?endri57 in to Google. weather the! get #i""! or ar/ara

?endri5 will de*end on how "uh o*era or ro+ the! have (earhed for$ Thi( +ee*( u( fro"having to wade in to ountle(( re(ult( to get the one thing we are loo+ing for thi( i( terri/le for

the (a"e rea(on$ The trui(" oined /! Ral*h 8aldo E"er(on 6,eo*le onl! (ee what the! are

*re*are to (ee7 o"e( to /ear in ver! trou/ling wa!($ A long=(tanding ritiue of new( "edia

outlet( 0i$e$ Fo5. CNC. CNN. et4 i( that the! are /ia(ed. and "a!/e it i($ ?owever we

under(tand "edia a( a *rodued ite". and /eau(e no one fit( the /ia( *erfetl! we are "ore

aware when a (tor! feel( 6won+!7 0a +e! ele"ent of digital litera!4$ Google 6get(7 u( /eau(e

(earh re(ult( are a((u"ed to /e (terile algorith"i *rodution(. with out hu"an interation($

8hen we u(e Google to (earh for (o"ething. we tru(t what we find to /e the true(t re(ult. in the

(a"e wa! we tru(t our alulator to re(*ond with the true(t re(ult$ If the alulator wor+ed the

wa! Google doe(. we would 9u(t get nu"/er( we were fond of$ Thi( i( fine. if !ou are 9u(t

loo+ing for neat nu"/er(. /ut a (eriou( *ro/le" if !ou are tr!ing to do !our ta5e( 0or otherwi(e

(earhing for truth4$ Thi( i(n%t to (a! the tehnolog! i( wrong. /ut the need for digital litera!

ha( fallen wa! to the need for digital literaie($

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Fortunatel! Allan >artin in Digital Literaie( for Learning *ut( it in "ore "ea(ured and

u(eful ter"(. with a fou( to ena/le eduator($

6Ena/ling eduation in a digital environ"ent "ean( not onl! hanging the for" in whih

learning o**ortunitie( are offered. /ut al(o ena/ling (tudent( to (urvive and *ro(*er in

digitall! /a(ed learning environ"ent( Traditional notion( of litera! need to /e

hallenged. and new literaie(. inluding infor"ation litera! and IT litera!. need to /e

on(idered a( foundation ele"ent( for digitall! involved learner($ 0>artin. 122


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on(u"*tion of it$ 'nfortunatel! "an! !oung *eo*le are reating ontent with di(a(trou(

effet($ For "uh of hu"an hi(tor! "i(ta+e( of !outh are left in !outh/o!( will /e /o!($ In

"ore "odern ti"e(. *eo*le get to reinvent the"(elve( regularl!$ >oving to a new it!. going to

univer(it!. or (tarting a new 9o/. all are o**ortunitie( to /eo"e a new *er(on$ ,eo*le onl!

+now what !ou tell the" a/out !our(elf$ A"erian hi(tor! i( *untuated /! o""unitie( tr!ing

to rereate their own identit! 0(urvivali(t( in >ontana. ga! o""unit! in &an Frani(o.

>or"on( in 'tah4 &o in that wa! we are (i"*l! doing for rereation. what we have done

*rofe((ionall! nationall!$ 0Gla((. )


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Digital distraction. There are 1 hard truth( a/out ("art *hone owner(hi* we he+ the"

on(tantl!. and de(*ite what we thin+ it effet( our *rodutive$ The avenge ("art *hone u(er

he+( there *hone )H2 ti"e( a da! 0&tern. 12)@4$ That average( out tot a/out one ever! <

"inute($ If that i(n%t di(heartening enough reent re(earh (tate( that it ta+e( an average of 1H

"inute( to get /a+ the (a"e level of *rodutivit! after an interru*tion 0>atter. 12)@4$ That%(

right ever! < "inute( !ou get re(et. thi( "ight aount for low level( of 9o/ (ati(fation 08e/er.

12)34$ ,utting in hour( of la/or with little to (how. e5e*t an e"*t! in/o5 and a thoroughl!

he+ed *hone ha( to /e ru(hing$ If we/ 3$2 ha( a *atron (aint it ha( to /e &i(!*hu($

One of the "o(t i"*ortant off=la/el *ur*o(e( of an eduator i( to in(till ho*e a(infor"ation i( di(*en(ed$ Thi( i( no le(( true here$ ,art of the ho*e i( +nowing that

un*rodutivit! i(n%t fro" a *er(onal fault. /ut (!(te"i one$ Cota*. a fir" that de(ign( (o"e of

the "o(t i"*ortant onnetivit! (oftware. ha( *u/li(hed a few /e(t=*ratie( for on(erving

attention$ '(e onte5t=(*eifi a**( to "a+e reation( ea(ier. Ad9u(t the (etting( in !our (oial

a**( to "a+e notifiation( ("arter. Turn off *u(h notifiation( for utilit!=onl! a**(. and Ta+e

advantage of different ringtone( 0&!"on(. 12)34$ In (hort. get what !ou want fro" where !ou

want. and +now what !ou are getting /efore !ou get it$ ?owever there are /e(t *ratie( that

don%t involve *hone (etting$ Get *lent! of (lee*. /rea+(. and *o(itive (elf=tal+. and health! food$

Al(o (et dail! (hedule( 0*refera/l! /efore /ed4. delegate what !ou an%t (hedule. and delegate

to o/livion tho(e thing( that trul! don%t "atter$ 0)2 Ea(!. 12)H4

Digital destruction. In the *a(t !ear or (o there ha( /een /ig new( (torie( that *oint to

the danger of digital de(trution$ #u(tine &ao 0Ron(on. 12)H 4 tried to "a+e a *oint. /ut

e5*re((ed it in an unfunn! olletion of )32 harater($ If (he would have told thi( to the

*a((enger on her right. all (he would ri(+ i( an uno"forta/le flight. a( it i( (he tweeted it out$

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?er flight wa( fine. /ut her life wa( ruined$ ,eo*le too+ the o**ortunit! to *rove that the! were

/etter *eo*le. and e5*re(( that (a"e 6!ou%re an idiot7 fae her fellow *a((enger didn%t have the

hane to giver her. in the for" of internet infa"!. and (eriou( real world on(euene($ A few

"onth( latter it wa( 8alter ,al"er turn to "a+e the Internet feel /etter a/out it( (elf$ ?e

o""itted the 0a**arentl!4 ardinal (in of +illing a lion with a na"e$ In(tead of having a

onver(ation a/out govern"ental over(ight. or on(ervation ethi(. the Internet found out where

he lived and wor+ed. and ruined hi". leaving hi" in hiding a( hi( offie i( (war"ed$ 0?olden.

12)H4 It i( ea(il! argua/le that neither of the(e *eo*le i( in the right. and /oth ould learn (o"e

digital litera!. /ut the! didn%t de(erve thi($ ut it%( the ri(+ we ta+e for tr!ing to /e Internetfa"ou($ 8e all *o(t o""ent(. or u*load "edia ho*ing to get a lot of *eo*le *u"*ed a/out

what we are doingIt%( hu"an nature to (ee+ a**roval and o""unit!$ 'nfortunatel! we are all

*art of a dangerou( lotter!$ De(*ite our /e(t effort(. we (o"eti"e( "a+e ontri/ution( on the

we/ that we regret. "o(t of the ti"e it%( "inor. /ad (*elling and gra""ar. "i(under(tanding the

*ur*o(e of the original "aterial. or 9u(t *utting forth an idea we "ight not have thought out $ In

real life the(e "i(ta+e( have "inor on(euene(. /ut if the internet deide( that ualifie( !ou a(

the (a*e goat$ Your life ould /e ruined$ 8e all 9u"* on the /and wagon. we don%t even thin+

a/out it$ Thi( digital danger i( *lagued /! the fal(e dihoto"! of agreeing wit a (tranger or

(tanding u* for the i((ue. in a ver! (*eifi wa!$

A( eduator( there we want to (hort=iruit the whole na(t! !le$ 8e want our (tudent(

to avoid "a+ing /ad ontent dei(ion( 0a( *reviou(l! di(u((ed4. and re(*ond a**ro*riatel! to

/ad ontent. re(*on(e( are ontent after all$ 'lti"atel! the (tudent need( to /e re"inded of a

ti"e in there own life where the! were onvined of (o"ething the! no longer /elieve. and to

e5tend that (a"e grae to /e wrong to (tranger($ 8hen onfronted with o/9etiona/le "aterial


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Referene(

Internet ?i(tor! Fro" AR,ANET to road/and$ 0122B4$ Congre((ional Dige(t. AN. G$ 012)14$ A &?ORT ?I&TORY OF E>AIL$ >aworld. 104. H1$

#a(on ,. 012)34 Lo(( of *riva!. Cra+ed$o". htt*(:(oundloud$o"ra+ed*od

Ollige(. R$ 01224$ GRO8ING ', DIGITAL: I>,LICATION& FOR O'R &T'DENT&$

#ournal Of ,hilo(o*h! P ?i(tor! Of Eduation. H)1)=)1H$

A"! arrett. 0)B4 u((ne(( wee+ FOR Q)$H A >ONT?. 'NLI>ITED ?EADAC?E& FOR

AOL. htt*:www$/u(ine((wee+$o")B23/@H))H3$ht"

Vi((er >. 012)14 Di(u((ion Digital Litera! Definition. ALA Connet.htt*:onnet$ala$orgnode)))B$

Al #erai(!. >$ N$. >oha""ad. ?$. Fa!!ou"i. A$. P Alra(hideh. 8$ 012)H4$ 8e/ 1$2 in

Eduation: The I"*at of Di(u((ion oard on &tudent ,erfor"ane and &ati(fation$

Tur+i(h Online #ournal Of Eduational Tehnolog! = TO#ET. )3014. 13B=1H$

Ive(. E$ A$ 012)1. Oto/er )4$ iGeneration: The &oial Cognitive Effet( of Digital Tehnolog!

on Teenager($ Online &u/"i((ion.

Ra!. K 012)24 8e/ @$2. htt*(:vi"eo$o"))H1H32

Lafrane. A 012)H4 ?ow >an! 8e/(ite( Are There . The Atlanti.

htt*:www$theatlanti$o"tehnolog!arhive12)H2how="an!=we/(ite(=are=

there32)H)

&ta"ou. &$. P Ntoula(. A$ 01224$ &earh *er(onaliation through uer! and *age to*ial

anal!(i($ '(er >odeling P '(er=Ada*ted Interation. )0)14. H=@@$ doi:)2$)22B())1HB=

22=2H


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Carr. N 01224. I( Google >a+ing '( &tu*id. The Atlanti.

htt*:www$theatlanti$o""againearhive1222Bi(=google="a+ing=u(=

(tu*id@2adigan. D$ Digital 0122ahiner! fro" the Ti"e of Guten/erg u* to the ,re(ent Da!$

htt*(:/oo+($google$o"/oo+(idSrw9Jnl>noCPot(Sh


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8e//er. L$ 012)34 '$&$ wor+er( an;t get o 09o/4 (ati(fation. The 8all &treet #ournal.

/log($w(9$o"atwor+12)32 P Fear(. D$ 012)H4 Lion=+illing denti(t hide( a( *rote(ter( (war" hi( offie. New

Yor+ ,o(t n!*o(t$o"12)H2B@2lion=+illing=denti(t=hide(=a(=*rote(ter(=(war"=hi(=

offie

)1
https://www.cotap.com/blog/time-stop-checking-smartphone-every-six-minutes-4-ways-actually/https://www.cotap.com/blog/time-stop-checking-smartphone-every-six-minutes-4-ways-actually/http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/columnists/willard/willard003.shtmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/magazine/how-one-stupid-tweet-ruined-justine-saccos-life.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/magazine/how-one-stupid-tweet-ruined-justine-saccos-life.htmlhttps://www.cotap.com/blog/time-stop-checking-smartphone-every-six-minutes-4-ways-actually/https://www.cotap.com/blog/time-stop-checking-smartphone-every-six-minutes-4-ways-actually/http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/columnists/willard/willard003.shtmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/magazine/how-one-stupid-tweet-ruined-justine-saccos-life.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/magazine/how-one-stupid-tweet-ruined-justine-saccos-life.html

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Literature Reivew Digital Literacy