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Giant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1 685 Literature Cited

Literature CitedGiant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1 687 Literature Cited Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest forests

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Giant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1685

Literature Cited

Literature Cited

Volume 1 Giant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement686

Giant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1687

Literature Cited

Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest forests. Washington, DC: Island Press. 493 p.

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Agee, J.K.; Skinner, C.N. 2005. Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments. Forest Ecology and Management 211: 83-96.

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Map Packet

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Map Packet

Giant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1737

Map Packet

There is a supplementary map packet of large maps accompanying this document.

This packet includes:

1. Alternative A

2. Alternatives B and F

3. Alternative C and D

4. Alternative E

5. Giant Sequoia Groves

6. Wildland Urban Intermix (Alternatives A, B, E, and F)

7. Wildland Urban Intermix (Alternative C)

8. Wildland Urban Intermix (Alternative D)

9. Fire Return Interval Departure

10. Motor Vehicle Use Maps (MVUMs)

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Map Packet

Giant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1739

Index

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Index

Giant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1741

Index

Numbers2001 SNFPA 17, 20, 23, 34, 51, 53, 54-56, 60, 64, 67-70, 71, 73-76, 77-78, 81, 83-85, 87-88, 90-92, 94-96, 125, 145, 149, 152, 175, 178, 180, 221, 226, 230, 235, 293, 381, 383, 409, 411-413, 424, 441, 446, 448, 451, 454-456, 459-462, 464-465, 468-469, 471-476, 479-480, 483-485, 487, 489, 491, 500-502, 504, 516-518, 524-525, 612, 6232004 SNFPA 23, 77-78, 84, 88, 92, 94, 96, 113, 114, 152, 231, 441, 444, 451, 453-454, 459-460, 464, 484, 486-490, 516-518, 524-528, 5392007 SNF MIS 34, 51, 53, 64, 67, 492-493

AAdaptive management 28, 40, 53, 68-69, 99-100, 188, 383, 438Air quality 21, 28, 60, 68, 99, 108, 113-114, 150, 181-187, 189, 236, 343, 384-385, 425-438, 439, 583-584, 637Alternative A 12, 13, 20-27, 34, 51, 64-76, 149-156Alternative B 13, 20-27, 51, 77-82, 149-156Alternative C 14, 20-27, 45, 52, 83-86, 149-156Alternative D 14, 20-27, 52, 87-89, 108, 149-156Alternative E 14, 20-27, 45, 52, 90-93, 132, 149-156Alternative F 14, 20-27, 52, 94-98, 149-156American marten 15, 36, 42, 56, 65, 73, 92, 112, 143, 190-191, 194, 197, 199, 475-479, 493-494, 499-500, 503Aquatic Management Strategy (AMS) 73, 74, 78, 92, 96, 112, 115, 454, 517, 518, 524, 526-528, 539

BBald eagle 191, 194, 196, 461-462Botanical resources 22, 28, 53, 99, 112-113, 151, 200-220, 386, 503-510Bush proclamation 35, 51, 64-65, 67, 70, 125

CCalifornia condor 36, 42, 65, 73, 92, 112, 190, 193, 194, 385, 447-450, 503California legless lizard 195, 199, 490-492

California spotted owl 15, 36, 42, 52, 56-57, 65, 73, 80, 92, 94, 95, 112, 143, 190, 191, 194, 196, 199, 441, 442, 464-468, 493, 494, 499, 500, 503Campgrounds 16, 25, 83, 87, 88, 119, 142, 144, 154, 274-275, 281, 283-286, 290-292, 298-303, 314, 375, 379-380, 554, 556-561, 563, 564, 567, 573Caves 24, 36, 56, 65-66, 75, 78, 82, 85, 88, 92, 96, 97, 117-118, 136, 153, 266-270, 275, 285, 298, 300, 302, 343, 388, 544-547Chaparral 73, 101-102, 107, 159-161, 164-165, 178, 190-191, 201-202, 205, 212-214, 217-219, 226, 450, 452, 493, 496, 506Climate change 40, 60, 63, 66, 100-101, 105, 114, 185, 187-190, 268, 290, 343, 385, 392, 424, 434-435, 438-441, 443, 445, 507, 515, 551, 562Clinton proclamation 11-13, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41-47, 51-53, 57, 60-61, 63, 64, 65-67, 69-73, 75-76, 77, 83, 90-91, 94, 97, 121, 125, 130, 140-142, 274, 285, 370, 393, 408, 554, 639Community protection 13, 14, 18, 42, 52, 77, 87, 94, 143, 146, 343, 409Cultural resources 13, 26, 36, 46, 53, 64, 66, 75, 81, 85-86, 89, 93, 97, 99, 118-119, 121-122, 155, 276, 357-367, 390, 555, 556, 565, 584, 587-605, 606, 609, 637, 638Cumulative watershed effects 74, 381, 387, 422, 519, 524-526, 529-536, 543

DDesignated roads 18, 41-42, 26-27, 52, 63, 76, 77, 81, 86, 89, 93, 94, 97, 124, 125, 128, 131, 146, 155-156, 274, 284-285, 370, 374-375, 554, 563, 625, 629, 633Desired conditions 14, 51-53, 60, 63, 76, 82, 86, 89, 93, 97, 99-123, 141, 191, 342-343, 345, 393Developed recreation 16, 18, 25, 27, 62, 81, 83-86, 87-88, 93, 97, 119-120, 123, 128, 131, 144, 146, 154, 156, 283, 311, 379, 558, 561, 567, 572, 581, 624, 625, 638Dispersed camping 18, 22, 26, 52, 77, 83, 85, 88, 94, 141, 146, 151, 155, 281-282, 287, 298-303, 305, 558, 561, 563, 573, 622Domes and spires 117, 270, 545-546

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Index

EEcological restoration 11, 13-14, 33, 38, 42, 43-44, 51, 52, 57, 60-61, 63, 67, 69-71, 73, 77-78, 80, 83-85, 87-88, 90-92, 94-96, 100, 105, 106-107, 109, 111, 115, 116, 119, 127, 131, 134, 140, 180, 383, 392, 408, 439, 442, 516, 519, 552, 569, 617-618, 627Environmental justice 312, 314, 347-357, 389, 390, 579, 580, 583-585

FFire and fuels 20-21, 28, 43, 70-71, 77, 78, 83, 84, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 99, 100, 108-109, 111, 149, 173-181, 384, 408-424Fire regime 43, 60, 102, 160, 161, 163, 166, 171, 173-175, 177-179, 189, 192, 394, 405, 409, 417, 424, 429, 438, 444Fire return interval departure (FRID) 72, 161, 177-179, 409, 417-418, 444Foothill yellow-legged frog 195, 198, 234, 485-487Forest Plan 11, 14, 16, 23, 25, 34, 51-54, 64, 75-76, 77, 83, 87-89, 90-93, 94-96, 113, 114, 138, 144, 152, 154, 516Freeman Creek Botanical Area 27, 70, 134-135, 156Fuels reduction 13, 20-21, 42-43, 60, 70-71, 78, 80, 84, 87-88, 91-92, 95-96, 104, 107, 109, 111, 127, 131, 140-141, 149-150, 175, 379, 380, 398, 409, 412-424, 433, 443, 537, 577

GGateway communities 75, 120, 292, 312, 328-340, 568-569, 580-582, 586, 635Geological resources 24, 28, 53, 75, 78, 85, 88, 92, 96, 99, 117, 153, 268-270, 388, 544-547Giant sequoia groves 11, 12, 15, 19, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 44, 53, 54-55, 57, 60, 61, 63, 64-66, 69-73, 77-78, 84, 87, 91, 94-95, 101-108, 125, 127, 134, 143, 147, 160, 162-173, 175, 190, 231, 267-268, 283, 405-408, 414-417, 503, 524-525, 539-540Giant sequoias 11, 13, 20, 31, 33, 44, 52, 55, 60, 62, 66-67, 70, 77-78, 80, 84, 85, 87-88, 90, 91-92, 94-96, 99, 100-101, 104-106, 108, 134, 149, 159-173, 180, 392-408, 409, 416Great gray owl 15, 23, 36, 42, 56, 65, 73, 78, 84, 88, 92, 96, 112, 143, 152, 190, 194, 196, 441, 442, 462-464, 503, 517-518

Groundwater 24, 28, 53, 99, 116, 153, 189, 266-268, 387-388, 522-523, 539-543, 544

HHardwoods 70, 71, 73, 80, 162, 400-401Human use 25, 28, 41, 52, 53, 60, 75, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 93, 97, 99, 118-121, 128, 131, 142, 154, 273-357, 389-390, 551-587Hydrological resources 23, 24, 28, 74-78, 84, 88, 92, 96, 99, 114-116, 152, 153, 231-266, 387, 519-539

IInterior and canyon live oaks 101, 102, 160Invasive nonnative species 22, 28, 53, 99, 151, 220-225, 510-516Inventoried roadless area 15, 54-55, 57, 61, 64, 76, 85, 90, 93, 127, 132, 141, 143, 411Issues 12-13, 16-19, 28, 31, 37, 38, 41-47, 51-52, 77, 83, 87, 90, 94, 142, 143-147, 343-345, 566-567

KKings River Special Management Area (KRSMA) 15, 31, 34, 51, 53, 54, 55, 64-65, 75, 76, 81, 85, 88, 93, 97, 119, 128, 142, 143, 232, 242, 274, 278, 281, 284-285, 295, 301, 303, 375, 558, 625

LLand allocation 12, 15, 17, 34, 36, 44, 51, 53, 54-59, 63, 65, 67, 71, 73, 77, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 109, 112, 125, 126-130, 131, 132, 142-143, 145, 413, 414, 416, 443Law enforcement 376, 561, 569, 591, 636, 637Little Kern golden trout (LKGT) 73, 92, 191, 193, 194, 234, 249, 452-455Little willow flycatcher 194, 196, 442, 459-461, 503

MManaged wildfire 21, 43, 60-61, 71, 77-78, 83, 84, 87-88, 90-92, 94, 96, 105-106, 111, 127, 131, 150, 174-175, 179-180, 379-380, 396, 408, 409-410, 412, 414-420, 422, 424, 439, 442, 444, 510, 544, 637, 638Management indicator species (MIS) 22, 28, 34, 51, 53, 64, 67, 99, 151, 190, 194-195, 199, 233, 492-502

Giant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1743

Index

Mechanical treatments 18, 21, 24, 43, 44, 60-71, 78, 80, 83, 84, 87-88, 90, 92, 95-96, 105, 108, 111, 127, 131, 146, 150, 153, 171, 179, 379, 396-401, 403, 404-408, 410-416, 421, 433, 441, 515, 548-550Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA) 14, 34, 51, 52, 55, 64-76, 77-82, 83-86, 87-89, 90-93, 94-98, 413, 414, 416, 446, 517, 524, 525, 527, 528Migratory landbird conservation 192-193, 447Mining 65, 67, 125, 274, 312, 317, 323-324, 326-327, 332, 333, 335, 337, 340, 358, 365, 388, 580, 598Mixed conifer 60, 101-104, 107, 159-173, 174, 178-179, 186, 189, 190, 343, 393, 400-401, 404-405, 408, 409, 415, 493-494Moses Wilderness 27, 93, 122, 132-133, 156, 593Mountain yellow-legged frog 195, 198, 234, 487-489Multi-criteria decision support (MCDS) 38-39, 291-292, 340-347, 382, 554-555, 629

NNorthern goshawk 36, 42, 52, 56, 65, 71, 73, 80, 92, 94, 95, 112, 190, 191, 194, 195-196, 441, 442, 455-459, 503

OObjectives 12, 14, 31, 36, 51, 53-54, 63, 67, 76, 77, 78, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99-124, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140-141Off-highway vehicle (OHV) 18, 26, 52, 64, 75-76, 77, 81, 93, 94, 97, 124, 146, 155, 273-274, 278, 285, 303, 374-375, 554, 562, 625, 629, 632-633

PPacific fisher 13, 15, 36, 42, 46, 54-56, 65, 73, 92, 100, 112, 143, 194, 197-198, 479-482, 503Paleontological resources 24, 28, 36, 53, 66, 67, 99, 117-118, 153, 270, 388, 547Pallid bat 191, 194, 196-197, 468-470Prescribed burning 80, 108, 111, 113, 172, 174-175, 184, 189, 385, 397-401, 407, 424, 427, 429-431, 433-435, 442, 544, 550, 583-584, 637Proposed action 12, 13, 31, 36-38, 41, 45, 51, 53, 77-82Public involvement 12, 31, 36-39, 291-292, 341, 382, 554-555, 587, 629

Purpose and need 12, 28, 31, 35-36, 38, 51, 52, 63, 140-141

RRange 23, 53, 73, 78, 84, 88, 92, 96, 99, 114, 152, 226-230, 386-387, 516-518Rare plant habitat 203-220Recreation 12, 13, 16, 18, 22, 25, 27, 28, 35, 37-38, 39, 41, 52, 53, 55, 62-63, 64-65, 75, 77, 81, 83-84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90-91, 93, 94, 97, 99, 100, 108, 118-121, 123-124, 125, 128-129, 131-132, 141-142, 143-144, 146, 151, 154, 156, 273-292, 374-376, 389-390, 551-569, 627-636Recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) 75, 81, 85, 88, 97, 119, 283, 566, 571Red fir 101, 103-104, 108, 160, 161-162, 164, 165, 190, 201-202, 404, 193-494Regeneration 13, 19, 20, 44, 46, 52, 55, 62, 66, 71-73, 77-78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 94-96, 100, 101-102, 105-106, 114, 143, 147, 149, 163-173, 345, 392-408, 415Relictual slender salamander 195, 198, 234, 482-485Riparian conservation areas 56, 58, 61, 73, 74, 84, 92, 112, 115, 411, 413, 441, 504, 525, 625River basins 188, 231-266

SSan Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD) 113, 181, 183, 186, 384-385, 426, 428, 433-434, 436, 583Scenery 25, 28, 53, 99, 119, 134, 154, 278, 281, 285, 286, 287, 290, 292-311, 554, 561, 562, 566, 569-579Scientific Advisory Board 13, 37-40, 45-46, 53, 60-61, 63, 67, 381-382, 393, 395-396, 409, 442, 523, 529, 552, 619, 628Scientific study 28, 53, 66, 68, 69, 82, 97, 99-100, 128, 131, 136, 383Sensitive species 22, 28, 53, 74, 99, 112, 151, 190, 195-199, 203-204, 236, 270, 386, 395, 439, 442-443, 447, 455-492, 507-509Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) 13, 14, 45, 52, 83-86, 123, 141-142, 172, 186, 400, 525, 545, 569, 639

Volume 1 Giant Sequoia National Monument, Final Environmental Impact Statement744

Index

Sequoia Monument Recreation Council (SMRC) 81, 97, 340Socioeconomics 28, 53, 99, 311-357, 579-587Soils 24, 25, 28, 53, 63, 64, 68, 75, 81, 85, 88, 92, 96, 99, 118, 123, 140, 153-154, 270-273, 548-551Southern Sierra Fisher Conservation Area 15, 22, 54, 55, 58, 73, 87, 92, 112, 127, 143, 151, 457Southern Sierra Science Symposium 40, 46, 53Southwestern pond turtle 191, 195, 198-199, 489-490, 503Special Areas 27, 31, 57, 70, 76, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 93, 97, 99, 132-139, 156Special forest products 126, 127, 130, 132, 392, 637 Special uses 88, 129, 132, 389-390, 564, 568, 634, 636SPECTRUM model 18-19, 21, 43, 44, 146-147, 150, 383, 396, 404, 406, 409, 410, 411, 419-422, 431-432, 443-445, 447, 459, 462, 468, 479, 482, 502, 514, 550, 581Spotted owl 15, 17, 22, 36, 42, 46, 52, 56-57, 65, 71, 73, 80, 90-91, 92, 94, 95, 112, 120, 143, 145, 151, 190, 191, 194, 196, 199, 441, 442, 464-468, 493, 494, 499-500, 503Standards and guidelines 12, 14, 17, 23, 24, 31, 34, 36, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 63, 64, 67-68, 69, 73-76, 77, 81, 82, 83-86, 87-89, 90, 92-93, 94, 96-98, 105, 112-113, 114, 115, 126, 127, 141, 145, 152, 153, 408, 424, 510, 516, 518, 539, 547, 551, 605Strategies 12, 13-14, 31, 35, 36, 38, 41, 43, 44, 51-53, 60, 63, 67, 76, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99-124, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140-142Streamside management zones (SMZs) 23, 74, 84, 112, 115, 152, 525, 528, 544Suitability 57, 125-132, 516

TThreatened, endangered, and sensitive species 22, 28, 53, 99, 151, 386Townsend’s big-eared bat 197, 470-471

Trails 16-17, 22, 25, 26-27, 28, 41-42, 53, 62-63, 64-65, 75-76, 81, 86, 89, 93, 97, 99, 123-124, 125, 128-129, 131, 140, 144-145, 151, 154, 155-156, 273-274, 275, 278, 283-284, 285-286, 291-292, 374-376, 554, 555, 557, 562-563, 567, 568-569, 625, 627-636Transportation system 16, 26, 28, 53, 62, 99, 123-124, 141, 144, 155, 369-374, 392, 617-627Travel and tourism 312, 317, 324-325Tribal and Native American interests 26, 121, 155, 368-369, 390-391, 606-617Tribal Fuels Emphasis Treatment Area (TFETA) 15, 17-19, 20, 22-23, 26, 44, 56, 58-59, 61, 63, 78-80, 84, 87, 91, 95-96, 109-111, 131, 143, 145-147, 149, 151-152, 155, 411, 413, 414, 416, 417, 419, 422, 441, 518, 577, 583, 584-585, 597, 599, 602, 605, 612-613, 615

VValley elderberry longhorn beetle (VELB) 193-194, 386, 450-452Vegetation, including giant sequoias 20, 77, 84, 87, 91, 94, 99, 100-108, 149, 159-173, 383-384, 392-408

WWater quality 23, 60, 75, 152, 231-266, 387, 519-539Watersheds 23-24, 43, 44, 56, 64, 73, 74, 77, 78, 95, 111, 115-116, 124, 152-153, 231-266, 519-539Western red bat 194, 197, 471-473Wildland urban intermix (WUI) 15, 17-19, 20-22, 26, 42, 43, 54, 56, 58-59, 60, 61, 63, 70, 71, 77-78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91-92, 94, 95-96, 106, 108-109, 111, 131, 143, 145-147, 149-151, 155, 181, 312, 313, 319, 343-344, 379-380, 406, 409-422, 441, 494-495Wildlife and plant habitat 22, 28, 53, 73, 78, 83, 84, 87, 88, 92, 96, 99, 100, 112-113, 115, 151, 190-225, 385-386, 441-516Wildlife habitat 17, 61, 64, 70, 87, 100-101, 112, 145, 190-200, 441-503Windy Gulch Geological Area 24, 27, 77, 78, 82, 94, 96, 97, 117, 136-137, 153, 156, 545Wolverine 194, 197, 473-475