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LITERARY TERMSKnow them, use them, LOVE them!

1HyperboleA figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton.IntroductionAuthors use colorful exaggerations to add interest to a story.Im so hungry I could eat a horse! is much more interesting than Im hungry.

Getting a shot in my arm stung.Getting a shot in my arm stung like a bee.

These books are heavy.These books are heavy as lead.

The queens dress is red. The queens dress is red as a cardinal.

I was angry.I was angry as an old wet hen.

It rained hard.It rained cats and dogs.

Activity: Rewrite these sentences with a more interesting hyperbole.The music was loud.The garden is pretty.The tired man snored loudly.The flowers grew quickly. I ate so much lunch my tummy is full.Michelle GainesIDIOMS

10What is an idiom?words, phrases, or expressions that are not interpreted logically or literallyunusual expressions that are either grammatically incorrect or have a meaning that cannot be comprehended through contextual clues

Its Raining Cats and Dogs!!!!

Its raining cats and dogs means:Cats and dogs are falling from the sky.Its raining very hard.Its not raining much at all. The weather is horrible.

a.c.d.b.HINT: I cant go outside because its raining cats and dogs and I would get soaked!

Skeletons in Your Closet

Skeletons in your closet means:Your closet is full of skeletons.You are hiding something in your closet.You have secrets or something that you dont want anyone to know.You are not afraid of anything.

a.b.c.d.Hint: Why shouldnt you be able to answer all of my questions? Dont tell me you have skeletonsin your closet!

Shake a Leg!!Shake a leg means:A dance move used in the Shag.Shake your leg to get a bug off of it.Hurry up!You are doing the Hokey Pokey.Hint: Were going to be late for the plane if you dont shake a leg!a.b.d.c.To break the iceTo be the first to say or do something hoping that others will join youTo have a chip on your shoulderDescribes a person who is angry and defensive or who is always ready to argue or fightHold your horsesBe patient; wait a minuteOver the hillOld or too old to do somethingOn cloud nineVery happy or excitedPulling your legTeasing youCommon Idioms and their meanings:An image is a word or phrase that appeals to one of our senses. Images can help uscreate a mental picturehear a sound feel texture or temperaturetaste a sweet, sour, or salty flavor

What Is an Image?

17And straightway like a bellCame low and clearThe slow, sad murmur of the distant seas,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . And in the hush of waters was the soundOf pebbles rolling round,For ever rolling with a hollow sound.And bubbling sea-weeds as the waters goSwish to and froTheir long, cold tentacles of slimy grey. from The Shell by James Stephens Listen to this excerpt of The Shell by James Stephens and imagine the scene he describes.What Is an Image?

18Which words appeal to the sense of hearing? sight? touch?

What Is an Image?And straightway like a bellCame low and clearThe slow, sad murmur of the distant seas,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . And in the hush of waters was the soundOf pebbles rolling round,For ever rolling with a hollow sound.And bubbling sea-weeds as the waters goSwish to and froTheir long, cold tentacles of slimy grey. from The Shell by James StephensQuick Check[End of Section]19Poets and painters both create vivid images. Painters choose from a palette of colors to create different textures and moods in their works. Poets also have a palettea palette of wordsfrom which they choose just the right words to create a sensory experience for the reader.

Imagery in Poetry20Poets use imagery tospeak to our deepest feelingsjoy, sorrow, wonder, loveemphasize certain qualities of the subjectcreate a moodOut on the land White Moon shines.Shines and glimmers against gnarled shadows,All silver to slow twisted shadowsFalling across the long road that runs from the house. from Baby Face by Carl Sandburg

Imagery in PoetryHow does the imagery affect your emotions? Explain.

What mood does the poet create through his use of imagery?

Imagery in PoetryQuick CheckThe Loonby Lew Sarett

A lonely lake, a lonely shore,A lone pine leaning on the moon;All night the water-beating wings Of a solitary loon.

With mournful wail from dusk to dawnHe gibbered at the taunting stars,A hermit-soul gone raving mad,And beating at his bars.[End of Section]Images can be drawn from all sorts of things we observe in life. For each category, create two imagesone pleasant and one unpleasant. Try to include images that appeal to all five senses.

ImagesPleasantUnpleasantAnimal imagesFlower imagesWater imagesSky imagesEarth imagesCity imagesCountry imagesPracticeMaking Inferences024InferenceTake what you know and make a guess!Draw personal meaning from text (words) or pictures.You use clues to come to your own conclusion. 025Make an Inference!What does this image tell me?

026QuestionWhat did I already know that helped me make that inference?Did I use picture or written clues?

027Help Me Make an Inference!

028More QuestionsDid you use words, graphs, or picture clues to help you make a guess about what that cartoon meant?029Try Again!Can he draw morethan tigers?Look up words youdont know!

030Make 1 more Inference

031How Do Good Readers Make Inferences?They use:Word/text cluesPicture cluesDefine unknown wordsLook for emotion (feelings)Use what they already knowLook for explanations for eventsASK themselves questions!

032Make Another InferenceMiss White has recess duty. Jacob finds a frog, picks it up, and runs over to show it to Miss White. Miss White screams, jumps, and runs as fast as she can into the school.What can you infer from this passage?What are the clues in this passage?033Irony

34The following slides contain one of the following types of irony. As you view the slides, decide which type of irony you think is being used in the slide.Dramatic Irony: The reader or audience knows something the character does not.Verbal Irony: The writer or speaker says one thing, but really means something completely different. The statement takes on a double meaning.Situational Irony: What is expected to happen is the opposite of what occurs.35Irony 1What type of irony?Explain.

36Irony 2What type of irony?Explain.

37Irony 3What type of irony?Explain.

38Irony 4What type of irony?Explain.

39Irony 5What type of irony?Explain.

40Irony 6What type of irony?Explain.

41Irony 7What type of irony?Explain.

42Irony 8What type of irony?Explain.

43Irony 9What type of irony?Explain.

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