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Literary research in Ayurveda
• Dr. K. Murali • Professor• Department of Kayachikitsa• Govt. Ayurveda College• Tripunitura-682 301 • [email protected]
Types of research
• Basic • Clinical • Pharmacological • Literary
Literary research
• Primary- with specific aims & objectives
• Secondary- prior to other studies
Need of literary research
• Retrieval of lost information • Elucidation of concepts• Identification of scientific methodology • Identification of the area of research • Integrative
Need of literary research
• Identification of research topic• Important variables• Information on what is already done• Contextualising the current work• Understanding the theoretical concepts and
terminology• Preparation of bibliography and references• Anticipation of problems in the research
Ayurvedic literature
• Large collection of literature• Commentaries- Sanskrit& other languages • Different schools• Regionalities
Sources
• Agama• Easy sources- texts, commentaries,
translations, references• Rare sources- palm leaf mss, paper mss, books
that are out of print.• Secondary sources as compilations-correlative
studies-critical studies • Modern sources- internet-
Other sources
• Ancient sources:-• Vedic literature, Post Vedic literature • Modern sources:-• Current books, photocopies, scanned
materials, internet, research journals • Archeological sources:-• Excavations, inscriptions, mss.
Sources
• Primary- texts & commentaries-compodiums-inscriptions
• Secondary- journals articles, books monographs, handbooks, translations
requirements
• Sound knowledge of Sanskrit• Sound knowledge of
English/Hindi/reg.languages• Skill to interpret• Training in manuscriptology
Development of skill
• Continuous study• Referring other knowledge systems • Sharing the knowledge • Meeting senior experts
Steps in literary research
• Identification• Collection• Compilation• Summation• Analysis & conclusion
Steps in lit. research
• Aims & objectives• Hypothesis• Defining concepts• Working definitions• Collection & analysis• Integration
Methods of interpretation
• Pada-ccheda • Padartha- dictionaries,
context• Vigraha • Vakyayojana • Akshepa-samadhana
• Upotghata• Padaccheda• Padartha • Padavigraha• Chaalana• Pratyavasta
Need of Interpretation
• Application• Debates• Teaching, higher learning
Why interpret?• Inadequacies of language
• Conciseness
• To redact
• To reject misinterpretation
• For consensus
Why interpret?
• Elucidation of concepts• To explain the rationale• Preservation of original texts• Preservation of different versions
Ideal Text
• arthabahulam• trividha sishya budhi hitam• aarsham• supraneeta sutra bhashya samgraham• svadharam• lakshanavat udaharanavat• Jnapana samartham
Commentarial literature in ayurveda
• Charakasamhitha-40Charakanyasa charakapanchaika nirantarapada ayurvedadipika tatvachandrika jalpakalpataru charakopaskara charakapradipika
Susruthasamhitha-18Jaijati nyayachandrika prasnavidhana bhanumati
nibandhasamgraha susrutarthasamdipana
Commentarial literature in ayurveda
• Ashtangahridaya-44• Sasilekha sarvangasundari anvayamala pathya
brihatpathya hridya hridayabodhini vakyapradipika lalitha padarthakaumudi
Commentaries
• Merits• Demerits
Significance of commentaries • Continuing process
• Representation of regional adaptations
• More clinical interpretation
• Identification of drugs
• Study of history
Interpreting ayurvedic texts
• kanadam panineeyam cha sarvasastropakarakam
• tantrayukti
Tantrayukti
• Tantra- knowledge system,text• Yukti- correlating the verses with appropriate
meaning
TANTRAYUKTIvakyayojana arthayojana
Tantrayukti
• Asadvaadi pratishedha
• Leenokti prakasha
• Vyatyaasokti prakasha
• Lesokti prakasha
Tantrayukti- a review
• Contextual references• adhikarana• ateetapeksha• anaagataapeksha• prasanga
Tantrayukti- a review
• Exopositional nature• svasamjna• vyaakhaana• nirdesha• uddesha• nidarshana• nirvachana• apadesha
Tantrayukti- a review
• Coinciding with pramana• arthapathi• uhya• sambhava• upadesha
Tantrayukti- a review
• Pertaining to vada• purvapaksha• anumata• nirnaya
Tantrayukti- a review
• Giving options• Samsaya• Vikalpana
Tantryukti- a review
• Elucidating implied meaning• yoga• hetvartha• padaartha• vaakyasesha• prayojana
Tantrayukti- a review
• Arriving at consensus• anekantha• pradesha• vidhana
Tantrayukti- a review
• Reaching conclusions• ekantha• upadesha
Trantrayukti
• Eventhough Trantrayukties can be used in all the technical literature it is mostly used in ayurveda.
• Trantrayukties are not only the means of interpretation, but they have to be considered in the composition of a treatise.
Manuscriptology
• Collection• Preservation• Study• Deciphering• Editing• Publishing
Shorea robusta C. F. Gaertn
Taalapatra
Preservation of manuscriptstailaat rakshet jalaad rakshet rakshet shitila bandhanaath|murka-haste na daatavyam evam vadati pusthakam
Preservation of manuscripts
Ancient techniquesUsing of nimba patra, peacock feather, sarpa nirmuka etc in between the papers.2. Keeping in air tightened wooden box.3. vacha & karpoora are tied in a small a piece of cloth and kept in the boxes etc.
Preservation of manuscripts
• Sufficient light & air circulation• Avoid direct sunlight or artificial light• Pesticides• Fumigation• Naphthalene tablets• Lemon grass oil• Termite control
National Manuscript Mission
• February 2003• Ministry of Tourism and Culture Government of India Aims:- to locate, document, preserve and render these accessible
to connect India's past with its future, its memory with its aspirations