Literary Concepts K-12 10-23-10

8/10/2019 Literary Concepts K-12 10-23-10

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ELA

CURRICULUMREADING

LITERARY CONCEPTS

(K-12 FORMAT)


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Grade Authors Purpose/Intent

K Begin to understand that authors have a purpose/intent

1 Understand that authors have a purpose/intent

2-4

Identify the authors purpose/intent in the story

5-8 Identify authors purpose/intent using both textual evidence and author background

information

9-11 Discuss open-ended nature of authors intent; distinguish between theme and authors

intent

12 Discuss different methods of analysis (e.g., biographical, psychoanalytic)


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Grade Character (Characterization)

K Begin to identify main characters

1-3 Identify main and supporting characters and their traits

4 Identify character actions, motivations and traits supported by textual evidence

Begin to develop theories about character(s), noting character changes

5-6

Use character roles, personality, motives and traits to develop and revise theories aboutcharacters

Compare characters across texts

7

Determine what the character says, does, thinks, and what others characters say about him/her

Compare motives of characters in literature to people, events, and places in their own lives

Compare characters across texts

Introduce the concept of foils

Use textual evidence to describe how the character changes

Begin to develop a new understanding of the terms protagonist and antagonist: (i.e. the

protagonist is the main character, but not necessarily the good guy or hero; theantagonist is the character or force that stands in the main characters way, but not

necessarily the bad guy)

8

Reinforce and expand the understanding of protagonist and antagonist

Define and recognize dynamic vs. static characters

Recognize various characterization techniques (noting PASTA: physical traits, actions,

speech, thoughts, and anything else) to make accurate inferences about a character

Appreciate the complexity of a character by synthesizing all the characterization, including

seemingly conflicting details (avoid limiting understanding of a character by focusing on toofew details)

Make comparisons between characters from different books and people in real life

9

Refine the understanding of foils Identify and analyze the tools with which an author develops characters, including

psychological realism

Analyze and evaluate the following methods of characterization: what the character says

(and his/her dialect), what the character does, what the character thinks, what othercharacters say and think about a character, and how other characters react to a character

Understand that successful characterization is crucial to the development of a narrative, since

the events that move the story forward are often strongly influenced by the nature of the

persons involved

10

Recognize and analyze the qualities, often including a tragic flaw, that mark a character ofimportance in a tragedy: a serious story of a character involved in a significant moral

struggle, showing great potential but inevitably failing to achieve all he/she sets out to do

Recognize the connections between characters and the historical period

Analyze and evaluate the following methods of characterization: what the character says

(and his/her dialect), what the character does, what the character thinks, what othercharacters say and think about a character, and how other characters react to a character

11 Describe characters and their traits

Analyze character development and motivation: How does the character see him or herself

and others? How does he or she feel about his or her place in society?

12 Review and apply knowledge of characterization


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Grade Conflict/resolution

K Begin to identify problem and solution

1 Identify problem and solution

2 Identify problems and solutions

Begin to recognize attempts at resolution

3

Identify problems and solutions

Begin to recognize attempts at resolution

4 Recognize the main problem in a story and how it is resolved

Begin to recognize that conflict may be person vs. person, person vs. nature, person vs.

self

5

Identify conflicts of person vs. person, person vs. nature, person vs. self Distinguish between primary conflicts and secondary conflicts in the work Analyze the aspects of the conflict resolution and its effect on the authors plot

development

6

Identify conflicts of person vs. person, person vs. nature, person vs. self

Distinguish between primary conflicts and secondary conflicts in the work Analyze the aspects of the conflict resolution and its effect on the authors plot

development

7

Conflict as the keystone of a story

Identify conflicts of person vs. person, person vs. nature, person vs. self, and person vs.

society Distinguish between primary conflicts and secondary conflicts in the work Analyze the aspects of the conflict resolution and its effect on the authors plot

development

8 Identify the different literary conflicts at work in a story

9

Analyze the interplay of conflict and other story elements10 Analyze the interplay of conflict and other story elements

11 Analyze the interplay of conflict and other story elements

12 Review the concept of conflict as it appears in various texts


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Grade Figurative Language and Literary TechniquesK-1 NA

2 Recognize and create similes

3 Begin to recognize and understand metaphor, alliteration, onomatopoeia, personification

4 Use simile, metaphor and personification to create meaning (with assistance)

5-6

Define simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration, and hyperbole

Note examples and their effects on the text Understand imagery by visualizing text in a movie style form

7

Determine how the use and meaning of figurative language convey the authors message

Identify these elements in order to interpret poetry

Define and differentiate sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell imagery

Appreciate the purpose/effect of imagery

Notice and appreciate an authors the effective use of specific nouns and strong verbs

(as opposed to over-using adjectives & adverbs)

Begin to recognize the connections between content and technique

8

Define and differentiate sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell imagery

Appreciate the purpose/effect of imagery

Notice and appreciate an authors the effective use of specific nouns and strong verbs (as opposed to over-usingadjectives & adverbs)

Define, recognize, appreciate the impact of, and begin to effectively use alliteration to create an effect in their own

writing

Define, recognize, appreciate the impact of similes, metaphors, alliteration, and personification, and begin to use them

effectively in their own writing

Begin to define, recognize, and understand the purpose of allusions

Begin to recognize the connections between content and technique

9

Recognize motifs

Connect images to other literary elements and mood

Students will be able to identify and analyze a texts recurring images, words, phrases, actions, ideas, objects and/orsituations in order to recognize how motifs work to unify a text and lead to a greater understanding of the authors

purpose/intent/themes.

Identify and recognize allusions

Distinguish the difference between a conventional symbol (anything that signifies/stands for something else) and aliterary symbol (usually something concretean object, a place, an action)

Begin to recognize connections between symbols and themes

Recognize and begin to analyze the connections between content and technique

10

Recognize motifs

Connect images to other literary elements and mood

Locate patterns of images and the role they play in the development of a theme

Recognize allusions and analyze the layers of meaning they add to the current context

Identify symbols and examine their connection to themes

Recognize and analyze the connections between content and technique

11

Generate responses to imagery: What stands out? What do readers instinctively react to?

Identify significant imagery (based on readers response) and connect it with themes

Identify motifs and interpret their significance to the work as a whole

Identify metaphors and explore the multiple layers of meaning present in a metaphor

Identify allusions, with particular emphasis on allusions with which students are already familiar

Identify symbolic elements of texts, based on readers reactions: Which aspects have certain energy, attractingattention?

Explore the multiple layers of symbolism present in a text: Which aspects seem to have symbolic meaning to thecharacters? How do different characters see the symbols? How does the narrator relate to the symbols?

Analyze the connections between content and technique

12 Review the use and contributions of various literary techniques to the work as a whole


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Grade Genre

K Begin to understand that there are both fiction and nonfiction texts

1-2 Recognize and discriminate among a variety of fiction and nonfiction texts

3 Begin to recognize common characteristics of fiction and nonfiction texts

4 Recognize common characteristics of fiction and nonfiction genres

5-6 Identify and define the consistent traits of the major genres

7 Identify and define the consistent traits of the major genres, adding drama

8 Appreciate the literary differences between fiction, autobiographical works, articles, and

essays

Recognize and be able to describe the various radio theater genres

9 Identify the characteristics of an epic

Review and discuss the purposes of the structures of drama

10 Identify and define the consistent traits of tragedy, bildungsroman, local color, novella,

satire, drama, and literary non-fiction

11 Review the genres of drama, satire, and literary non-fiction

12 Review various genres


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Grade Irony1-4 NA

5-7 Note examples of the use of irony in literature and their effects on the story

8-9

Differentiate between different types of irony (verbal, situational, dramatic)

Recognize (with support) ironic elements in a story

Use textual evidence to support ideas

10-12

Identify the presence of irony.

Respond to the irony as readers: What impact does it leave? How does ironyinfluence the readers view of the subject?

Reflect on ironys contribution to the work as a whole


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Grade Literary Movements/Periods1-9 NA

10

Recognize characteristics of and identify seminal works of literature in these

periods of American literature:o Romanticism

o

Transcendentalismo Realismo

(additional periods studied in Honors: naturalism, modernism)

11

Recognize characteristics or and identify seminal works of literature in these

periods of British literature::

o Middle Ages

o Renaissanceo

Enlightenmento Romanticism

12 Examine works from various periods, with greater emphasis on modern, post-

modern, and contemporary


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Grade Mood/Atmosphere1-7 NA

8 Introduce the concept of mood: What does the air in the room of the text feel

like?

9 Recognize the mood of particular texts

10

Identify the mood and discuss its impact in particular texts

11

Describe the mood of the text.

Describe the atmosphere and how it impacts readers: What is it like to be in that

text?

Connect the mood to the theme and to the text as a whole

12 Discuss the contribution of mood to the text as a whole


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Grade Plot lineK Begin to identify sequence of events (beginning, middle, end)

1-3 Identify sequence of events (beginning, middle, end)

4 Identify sequence of events, including rising and falling action

Recognize flashbacks

5

Identify and trace story events


Introduce the concept of foreshadowing

Make story predictions of plot events and character development

6

Identify and trace story events


Further develop the concept of foreshadowing

Make story predictions of plot events and character development

7

Identify the points and structure of the plot line

Identify how/why author uses a particular plot line/structure

Make story predictions of plot events and character development Address instances of foreshadowing as they arise

Recognize the use of flashback to establish trust/mistrust of character

8

Differentiate between plot line and time line (i.e. appreciate how/when an author reveals

various details/events out of logical time sequence)

Recognize an authors use of foreshadowing

Understand what event is being foreshadowed

Recognize the use of flashback and the ways it supports theme/character, etc.

9

Differentiate inside/outside framework of story

Identify in media res opening of some plot lines

Connect foreshadowing with motifs and symbols Recognize the use of flashback to help determine tone and reliability of narrator

10

Understand the role foreshadowing plays in the entire work

Identify the role of flashback in creating dramatic

irony and in working with other story elements

Review and discuss framed stories

Address issues of plot as they connect to historical period

11 Understand the roles of flashback and foreshadowing in the entire work

Address issues of plot as they connect to historical period

12 Understand the roles of flashback, foreshadowing in the entire work


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Grade Point of View

K NA

1-3 Identify narrator

4 Identify the point of view from which the narrative is told (e.g., first person vs. third

person)

5-6

Identify the point of view from which the narrative is told (e.g., first person vs. third

person)

Determine how the point of view affects the story

7 Identify and analyze points of view

Determine how the point of view affects the story

8 Recognize different kinds of point of view (first person; third person limited; third person

omniscient)

Consider the impact of the point of view on the story/reader

9 Recognize and evaluate the influence of the particular point of view

10

Recognize and evaluate the influence of the particular point of view

Analyze the narrators point of view in relation to the historical context

11

Identify the point of view of a poem or prose piece

Analyze the narrators point of view in relation to the historical context

Analyze and question how the point of view impacts the readers experience of the text

Connect the point of view with the theme/s

12 Examine the significance of the point of view in the work as a whole


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Grade Setting

K Begin to identify setting (time and place) of a story

1-2 Identify the setting of a story

3 Identify the setting and begin to understand its effect on the story

4 Identify the setting and its effect on the story


Determine how setting affects a characters decisions


Determine how setting affects a characters decisions

7 Determine how the setting impacts the story and influences the character (clothing,

language, etc.)

Consider how the author uses setting for his/ her purpose in writing the novel

8 Appreciate the influence of the setting on the characters and on the controlling idea of the

text

9

Analyze and evaluate how the setting (now including social situation) influences the plot,

conflict, characterization and theme of a text

10-11 Describe and analyze the setting: How does the setting impact the readers experience?

How does it impact the characters and the tone and mood of a text?

12 Examine the role of setting and its relationship to the work as a whole


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Grade Theme (including Lesson/Moral)

K-1 Begin to develop an awareness of lesson/moral in a story

2 Develop an awareness of a lesson/moral in a story

3 Identify the lesson/moral in a story

Begin to recognize the big ideas in a story

4

Infer themes using evidence from the text

5-6 Identify textual evidence to support theme development

7 Identify themes of texts

Recognize that one text may generate multiple interpretations

8

Transition away from understanding theme as a moral or lesson (which is applicable

to childrens literature) to understanding theme as an observation or statement aboutlife that the text expresses (which is more applicable to literature for older students)

Understand that themes are generalizations that apply to life as well as to the story

Recognize theme indicators (friendship; prejudice; honesty, etc)

Understand that themes are statements, not words

Recognize that a story can/will have various themes that can be stated in different ways Be able (with support) to identify and articulate a theme of a story

Use textual evidence to support ideas

9

Distinguish the difference between a texts subject (the topic or thing described in a

work) and theme (a comment, observation, or insight about the subject)

Evaluate and analyze a texts recurrent images, actions, characters and symbols in order

to identify possible themes/authors intent

10

Identify the authors point about some aspect of life, the thesis or point the author wants

to make ABOUT an issue (not just the issue itself); e.g., the issue might be racism, butthe theme might be that the effects of racism are far-ranging, harming both the victim and

the victimizer

11

Identify and describe the theme or themes of a text

Analyze literary devices contribute to theme

Practice connecting literary devices with themes and the text as a whole

Examine the complexity of themes: How do several themes relate to one another in a

single text?

12 Examine complex themes in a variety of contexts


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Grade Tone/Voice1-8 NA

9 Introduce the concepts of tone and voice, related to elements of fiction

10

Determine the authors tone and voice and their impacts

Analyze the methods through which the author conveys the tone

11

Identify and describe the tone

Connect the tone and voice with the theme: How does the tone impact a readers

experience? How do readers feel about the voice of the text? Is it inviting?Sympathetic? Challenging? How does the voice connect with the texts themes?

Discuss differences between voices of character, narrator, and author

12 Review and apply the concepts of tone in various works of literature

Documents

Literary Concepts K-12 10-23-10