LITERARYANALYSIS

LA 8.2.1.2 - LA 8.2.1.7LA 8.2.2.1 - LA 8.6.1.1

Story format – How does an author put together a story?

FIVE GENRES OF LITERATURE

Fiction •Imaginative or made up writing

•Realistic - has no elements of fantasy; could be true but isn’t

•Historical -set in the past and based on real people and/or events

•Science - has aliens, robots, futuristic technology and/or space ships

•Fantasy - has monsters, magic, or characters with superpowers

Drama• a play or script

• Comedy - has a happy ending.

• Tragedy - ends in death and sadness

Folklore•stories once passed down orally

•Fairy Tale -has magic and/or talking animals.

•Legend - Based on a real person or place; exaggerated in a serious way

•Tall Tale - Set in the Wild West, the American frontier; exaggeration is humorous

•Myth - has gods/goddesses and usually accounts for the creation of something

•Fable - also have talking animals, but fables are VERY short

Non Fiction•writing that is true

•Informational Writing - explains something

•Persuasive Writing - tries to influence the reader

•Biography - writing about someone else’s life

•Autobiography - life story written by oneself

Poetry• writing con-cerned with the beauty of language

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

ELEMENTS OF PLOTSimple Story –

Elementary School plot structure

More complex plot or novel

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

Exposition: background information a reader must understand in order to know what is going on in the story Conflict: complication or problem the main

character(s) must deal with; it gets the action moving Rising Action: events (and more conflicts) that

occur when the main character tackles the problem; level of excitement and suspense builds

Climax: the main character comes face to face with the problem; most exciting part of the story

Falling Action: things begin to get back to normal; life goes on (even if the problem isn't solved)

Denoument (Resolve): loose ends are tied off; allows reader to clearly understand what happened

TERMS TO KNOW

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

YOUR

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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 5

CHARACTERS

ProtagonistFaced with the conflict that must be resolved

AntagonistRepresents the obstacle the protagonist

must overcome

MINOR

• serve to complement the major characters

• help move the plot events forward

STATIC

• Does not change over time

• Personality does not transform or evolve

FLAT

• Usually have one distinguishing trait or one specific role in story

• Exist mainly to advance events in the plot

MAJOR

• Leading roles• Most important• Most developed or well-

rounded• Vital to resolution of

conflict

DYNAMIC

• Changes over time, usually as result of resolving a central conflict

ROUND

•Display full range of emotions & feelings

•Have both strengths & weaknesses

•Their complexity may lead them into conflict both internal & external.

vs.

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

YOUR

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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 1

CHARACTER TRAITSH

ow does the reader get to

know the character?

Direct comments about the character’

s personalit

y

Physical descriptio

n of character’

s appearanc

e

Character’s speech, actions,

and thoughts

How other’s react to

the character

Direct Characterization - Narrator explicitly (clearly stated) describes a character.

Indirect Characterization - Character traits revealed through actions or are implicit (not clearly stated, implied).

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

YOUR

TURN

Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 1

CHARACTER MOTIVATIONstated reasons (author can state

the reasons) backgroun

d, speech, thoughts, actions

(notice what the character does

or says)

key events (how does

the character interact

with others)

consider human nature

(what do you know about

human nature)

infer the motives

(author can imply

the reasons)

Why do characters behave

the way they do?

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

YOUR

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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 2

CONFLICTS

• society

• self

• man• nature

Man vs.

Man vs.

Man vs.

Man vs.

external

external

external

internal

What problem

s plague the character(s) ?

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

YOUR

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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 6

POINT OF VIEW

First Person• character in story• I, we• character’s

thoughts

Second Person• author tells YOU• you• thoughts are your

own

Third Person• Author/narrator• He, she, they• Objective – no ones

thoughts• Limited – one

character’s thoughts

• Omniscient – several character’s thoughts

Who is telling the story? W

hose thoughts do I know

?

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

YOUR

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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 11

SETTING• life• era• history• day

• location• physical

• mood• weather• word choice• feelings

TIME

ATMOSPHERE

PLACE

Where and w

hen does the story take place?

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

YOUR

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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 9

THEME

stated message that is stated directly

or is immediately obvious

implied a message that is not stated

and must be inferred by the reader

recurring a theme that can be found in

different texts, often of the same time period or cultureuniversal

a theme that is found throughout all of literature, in

different cultures and in different time periods

a m

essa

ge (n

ot a

wor

d, it

is a

sent

ence

) abo

ut li

fe o

r hum

an n

atur

e

that

the

write

r sha

res

with

the

read

er

Themes are im

plied and bigger than the story

.

STANDARD

8.2.1.2.

YOUR

TURN

Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 13

YOUR

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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 13

People: How many people are introduced? How well do you get to know them?

Places: How many places, or settings, are described? How much do you get to know

them?

Events: How many events are covered? How much time do

these events span? How much do you learn about them?

Topic: what is the topic? How many aspects of it are

discussed?

SCOPE

Narrow Scope:Fewer people, places, events, or ideas

Broad Scope:Many people, or events; cover a long period of time

DESCRIPTIVE LANGUAGEWhen writing descriptions, two types of

descriptive words -- adjectives and adverbs -- can be used to make the description more specific.

speaker’s attitude

emotional effect thatthe text creates for

the audience

STANDARD

8.2.1.7.

POSITIVE TONE WORDS+

NEUTRAL (+, -, or neutral)

NEGATIVE TONE WORDS-

admiringadoring

affectionateappreciativeapprovingbemused

benevolentblithecalm

casualcelebratory

cheerfulcomforting

comiccompassionatecomplimentary

conciliatoryconfidentcontenteddelightfulearnestebullientecstaticeffusiveelated

empatheticencouraging

euphoricexcited

exhilaratedexpectantfacetiousferventflippant

forthrightfriendlyfunnygleefulgushyhappy

hilarioushopeful

humorousinterested

introspective jovialjoyful

laudatorylightlively

mirthfulmodest

nostalgicoptimisticpassionate

placidplayful

poignantproud

reassuringreflectiverelaxed

respectfulreverentromanticsanguinescholarly

self-assured sentimental

serenesilly

sprightlystraightforward

sympathetictender

tranquilwhimsical

wistfulworshipful

zealous

commanding

directimpartialindirect

meditativeobjective

questioning

speculativeunambiguo

usunconcerne

dunderstate

d

abhorringacerbic

ambiguousambivalent

angryannoyed

antagonisticanxious

apatheticapprehensive

belligerentbewildered

bitingbitterbluntbossycold

conceitedcondescending

confusedcontemptuous

curtcynical

demandingdepressedderisive

derogatorydesolate

despairingdesperatedetacheddiabolic

disappointeddisliking

disrespectfuldoubtful

embarrassedenragedevasivefatalisticfearfulforceful

forebodingfrantic

frightenedfrustrated

furiousgloomygrave

greedygrimharsh

haughtyholier-than-thou

hopeless

hostileimpatient

incredulous indifferentindignant

inflammatoryinsecureinsolent

irreverentlethargic

melancholymischievousmiserablemockingmournfulnervousominousoutragedparanoidpathetic

patronizingpedanticpensive

pessimisticpretentiouspsychoticresignedreticentsarcasticsardonicscornful

self-deprecatingselfishseriousseveresinister

skepticalsly

solemnsombersternstolid

stressfulstrident

suspicioustense

threateningtragic

uncertainuneasy

unfriendlyunsympathetic

upsetviolent

wry

TONE

POSITIVE MOOD WORDS NEGATIVE MOOD WORDSamused

awedbouncy

calmcheerfulchipper

confidentcontemplative

contentdetermined

dignifieddreamyecstatic

empoweredenergetic

enlightenedenthralled

excitedexhilarated

flirtygiddy

gratefulharmonious

hopefulhyperidyllicjoyous

jubilantliberating

light-heartedlovingmellow

nostalgicoptimisticpassionatepeacefulplayfulpleased

refreshedrejuvenated

relaxedrelievedsatiatedsatisfied

sentimentalsilly

surprisedsympathetic

thankfulthoughtful

touchedtrustful

vivaciouswarm

welcoming

aggravatedannoyedanxious

apatheticapprehensive

barrenbrooding

coldconfiningconfusedcranky

crushedcynical

depresseddesolate

disappointeddiscontented

distresseddraineddreary

embarrassedenragedenvious

exhaustedfatalistic

forebodingfrustrated

futilegloomygrumpy

hauntingheartbroken

hopelesshostile

indifferentinfuriated

insidiousintimidated

irateirritatedjealous

lethargiclonely

melancholicmerciless

moodymorose

nauseatednervous

nightmarishnumb

overwhelmedpainfulpensive

pessimisticpredatoryrejectedrestlessscaredserious

sicksomberstressed

suspensefultense

terrifyingthreatening

uncomfortablevengefulviolentworried

MOOD

YOUR

TURN

Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 38/39

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGETerm Definition Example

Alliteration  The repetition of usually initial consonant

sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables 

The wild and woolly walrus waits and wonders when we'll walk by 

Assonance  A resemblance of sound in words or syllables 

holy & stony  and

Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese

Cliché  A word or phrase that has become overly familiar or commonplace  No pain, no gain

Hyperbole  Big exaggeration, usually with humor  mile-high ice-cream cones 

Idiom  words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of

the individual wordsShe sings at the top of her lungs

Metaphor  Comparing two things by using one kind of object or using in place of another to suggest the likeness between them  Her hair was silk

Onomatopoeia 

Naming a thing or an action by imitating the sound associated with it buzz, hiss, roar, woof 

Personificatio

n  Giving something human qualities  The stuffed bear smiled as the little boy hugged him close

Simile  A figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as 

The sun is like a yellow ball of fire in the sky

…is a linguistic tool used to depict something in a manner other than literal.

STANDARD

8.2.1.7.

YOUR

TURN

Alliteration

Assonance

Onomatopoeia

Personification

Similes & Metaphors

Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 22/23

TEXT FEATURES boldface typebulleted list

captionfootnote

graphic aidheading

key wordnumbered list

lettered listreview questions

sidebarsubheading

title

. . . are design elements that highlight the organization and especially importantinformation in a text

STANDARD

8.6.1.1.

STANDARD

8.2.2.1.

YOUR

TURN

Easy PlannerBook 2-Reading Standards Les. 1

THIS PRESENTATION WAS CREATED BY:

MRS. BEATRIZ TRUEBA, MS

Language Arts 8th gradeJorge Mas Canosa Middle School

btrueba@dadeschools.net

FCAT

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