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Head
Scalp/Eyelid
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
occipitofrontalis 2 occipital bellies and 2frontal bellies.
galeaaponeurotica facial nerve raises the
eyebrows
occipitalis
superior nuchal line ofthe occipital bonemastoid part of thetemporal bone
galeaaponeurotica occipital artery
posteriorauricular nerve(facial nerve)
frontalis galea aponeurotica mastoidprocess ophthalmic artery facial nerve wrinkles
eyebrow
orbicularis oculifrontal bone; medialpalpebral ligament;lacrimal bone
lateralpalpebralraphe
ophthalmic,zygomatico-orbital, angular
zygomaticbranch of facial
closeseyelids
levatorpalpebraesuperioris
corrugatorsupercilii superciliary arches
foreheadskin, neareyebrow
facial nerve wrinklesforehead
depressorsupercilii medial orbital rim
medialaspect ofbony orbit
facial nerveDepressestheeyebrow
Extraocular muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistlevatorpalpebraesuperioris
sphenoid bone tarsal plate, uppereyelid ophthalmic artery oculomotor
nerveretracts//elevateseyelid
orbicularisoculimuscle
superiortarsal
underside oflevator palpebraesuperioris
superior tarsal plateof the eyelid
sympatheticnervous system
raise theuppereyelid
orbicularisoculi
frontal bone,medial palpebralligament, andlacrimal bone
lateral palpebralraphe
ophthalmicartery,zygomatico-orbital artery,angular artery
facialnerve closes the eyelids
levatorpalpebraesuperiorismuscle
Rectus muscles
superiorannulus of Zinnat the orbitalapex
7.5 mm superior tothe corneal limbus oculomotor
nerve
elevates, adducts,and rotates mediallythe eye
inferior6.5 mm inferiorto the corneallimbus
inferior branch ofoculomotor nerve
depressionandadduction
medial5.5 mm medialto the corneallimbus
inferior divisionof the oculomotornerve
adducts theeyeball
lateral7 mm temporalto the corneallimbus
abducens nerve abducts theeyeball
Oblique muscles
superior
annulus of Zinnat the orbitalapex, medial tooptic canal
outer posteriorquadrant of theeyeball
lateral muscularbranch of theophthalmic artery
trochlearnerve
primary: intorsion.secondary:abduct(laterally rotate) anddepress the eyeball
inferior
orbital surface ofthe maxilla,lateral to thelacrimal groove
laterally onto theeyeball, deep to thelateral rectus, by ashort flat tendon
oculomotornerve
extorsion, elevation,abduction
Intraocular
Ear
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
auriculares galealaponeurosis
front of the helix,cranial surface ofthe pinna
facial nerve (Wiggle ears)
temporoparietalis auricularesmuscles galea aponeurotica
stapedius neck of stapes facial nervecontrol the amplitudeof sound waves to theinner ear
tensor tympani Eustachiantube
handle of themalleus
superiortympanicartery
medial pterygoidnerve frommandibular nerve
tensing the tympanicmembrane
Nose
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
procerusfrom fascia over thelower of the nasalbone
skin of the lowerpart of theforehead betweenthe eyebrows
buccal branch ofthe facial nerve
Draws down themedial angle of theeyebrow, givingexpressions offrowning
nasalis maxilla nasal bone
Compresses bridge,depresses tip ofnose, elevatescorners of nostrils
dilatatornaris
margin of the nasalnotch of the maxilla,greater and lesseralar cartilages
skin near themargin of thenostril
dilation of nostrils
depressor incisive fossa of thenasal septum andback part of the depression of nasal
septi nasi maxilla alar part ofnasalis muscle
septum
levatorlabiisuperiorisalaequenasi
maxilla nostril and upperlip
superiorlabialartery
dilates the nostril;elevates the upperlip and wing of thenose
Mouth
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistlevatoranguli oris(caninus)
maxilla modiolus of mouth facialartery
facialnerve
smile (elevatesangle of mouth)
depressoranguli oris(triangularis)
tubercle of mandible modiolus of mouth facialartery
mandibularbranch offacialnerve
depresses angle ofmouth
levator labiisuperioris
medial infra-orbitalmargin
skin and muscle of theupper lip (labiisuperioris)
superiorlabialartery
buccalbranch ofthe facialnerve
Elevates the upperlip
depressorlabiiinferioris
oblique line of themandible, between thesymphysis and themental foramen
integument of thelower lip, orbicularisoris fibers, its fellow ofthe opposite side
inferiorlabialartery
facialnerve
Depresses thelower lip
mentalis anterior mandible chin
mandibularbranch offacialnerve
elevates andwrinkles skin ofchin, protrudeslower lip
buccinator
alveolar processes of themaxillary bone andmandible,pterygomandibular raphe
in the fibres of theorbicularis oris
buccalartery
buccalbranch ofthe facialnerve
compress thecheeks against theteeth (blowing),mastication.
orbicularisoris maxilla and mandible skin around the lips pucker the
lips
risorius parotid fascia modiolus facialartery
draw backangle ofmouth
Zygomatic muscles
major anterior of zygomaticbone modiolus of mouth facial
artery
buccalbranch ofthe facialnerve
draws angle ofmouth upward andlaterally
minor zygomatic bone skin of the upper lip
facialnerve,buccalbranch
elevatesupper lip
Mastication
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
masseter zygomatic arch andmaxilla
coronoidprocess andramus ofmandible
massetericartery masseteric nerve (V3)
elevation (as inclosing of themouth) andretraction ofmandible
platysmamuscle
temporalistemporal lines on theparietal bone of theskull
coronoidprocess ofthemandible
deeptemporal
third branch (mandibularnerve) of the trigeminalnerve
elevation andretraction ofmandible
Pterygoid muscles
lateralgreat wing ofsphenoid andpterygoid plate
condyle ofmandible
pterygoidbranches ofmaxillaryartery
external pterygoid nervefrom the mandibularnerve
depressesmandible
medial
deep head: medialside of lateralpterygoid platebehind the upperteethsuperficial head:pyramidal process ofpalatine bone andmaxillary tuberosity
medialangle ofthemandible
mandibularnerve vianerve tomedialpterygoid
elevates mandible,closes jaw, helps lateralpterygoids in moving thejaw from side to side
Tongue
Extrinsic
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
genioglossus
Superior part ofmental spine ofmandible(symphysismenti)
Dorsum oftongue andbody ofhyoid
Lingualartery
hypoglossalnerve
Complex - Inferior fibers protrudethe tongue, middle fibers depressthe tongue, and its superior fibersdraw the tip back and down
hyoglossus hyoid side of thetongue hypoglossal
nerve depresses tongue
chondroglossuslesser cornu andbody of thehyoid bone
intrinsicmuscularfibers ofthe tongue
hypoglossalnerve
depresses tongue (some considerthis muscle to be part ofhyoglossus)
styloglossus Styloid processof temporal bone tongue Hypoglossal
nerve elevates and retracts tongue
inferior andmiddlefibers ofgenioglossus
vagus nerve
palatoglossus palatineaponeurosis tongue and cranial
accessorynerve
raising the back part of the tongue
Intrinsic
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
superiorlongitudinal
close to the epiglottis, fromthe median fibrous septum
edges of thetongue hypoglossal
nerve
shortens, turns tipupward, turns lateralmargins upward
transversus median fibrous septum sides of thetongue hypoglossal
nerve narrows and elongates
inferiorlongitudinal root of the tongue apex of the
tongue Hypoglossalnerve
shortens, retracts, pullstip downward
verticalismuscle dorsum of tongue
inferior surfaceborders oftongue
hypoglossalnerve flattens
Soft palate
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
levator velipalatini
temporalbone,Eustachiantube
palatineaponeurosis facial artery vagus nerve
Aids inswallowing byelevating the softpalate
tensor velipalatini
medialpterygoidplate of thesphenoidbone
medialpterygoid ofmandibularnerve
Aids inswallowing bycontrolling thetension of the softpalate
musculus uvulae hard palate pharyngealplexus
Moves andchanges shape ofthe uvula
palatoglossus palatineaponeurosis tongue
vagus nerve andcranial accessorynerve
Aids inrespiration byraising the backpart of thetongue
palatopharyngeus
palatineaponeurosisand hardpalate
upper border ofthyroid cartilage(blends withconstrictor fibers)
facial arteryvagus nerve andcranial accessorynerve
Aids inrespiration bypulling thepharynx andlarynx
Pharynx
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
stylopharyngeus temporal styloidprocess
thyroid cartilage(pharynx)
pharyngealbranches ofascendingpharyngealartery
glossopharyngealnerve
elevate thelarynx,elevate thepharynx,swallowing
salpingopharyngeus cartilage of theEustachian tube
posteriorfasciculus of thepharyngopalatinusmuscle
vagus nerve andcranial accessorynerve
raise thenasopharynx
Pharyngeal muscles
inferior cricoid and thyroidcartilage pharyngeal raphe
pharyngealbranches ofascendingpharyngealartery
externallaryngeal branchof the vagus
Swallowing
middle hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe vagus nerve Swallowing
superior
medial pterygoidplate,pterygomandibularraphé, alveolarprocess
pharyngeal raphe,pharyngealtubercle
vagus nerve Swallowing
Larynx
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
cricothyroidanterior andlateral cricoidcartilage
inferior cornuand lamina ofthe thyroidcartilage
externallaryngealbranch ofthe vagus
tension and elongation of the vocalfolds (has minor adductory effect)
arytenoidarytenoidcartilage onone side
arytenoidcartilage onopposite side
recurrentlaryngealbranch ofthe vagus
approximate the arytenoidcartilages (close rima glottidis)
thyroarytenoid
inner surfaceof the thyroidcartilage(anterioraspect)
anteriorsurface ofarytenoidcartilage
recurrentlaryngealbranch ofthe vagus
thickens the vocal folds anddecreases length; also helps toadduct the vocal folds duringspeech
Cricoarytenoid muscles
posterior posterior partof the cricoid
muscularprocess of thearytenoidcartilage
recurrentlaryngealbranch ofthe vagus
abducts and laterally rotates thecartilage, pulling the vocalligaments away from the midlineand forward and so opening therima glottidis
lateralcricoarytenoidmuscle
laterallateral part ofthe arch of thecricoid
muscularprocess of thearytenoidcartilage
recurrentlaryngealbranch ofthe vagus
adduct and medially rotate thecartilage, pulling the vocalligaments towards the midline andbackwards and so closing off therima glottidis
Neck
Cervical
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
platysma
inferiorclavicleand fasciaof chest
mandible
branches ofthesubmentalartery andsuprascapularartery
cervicalbranch ofthe facialnerve(CN VII)
Draws the corners of the mouthinferiorly and widens it (as inexpressions of sadness andfright). Also draws the skin ofthe neck superiorly when teethare clenched
Masseter,Temporalis
sternocleidomastoid
manubriumsterni,medialportion ofthe clavicle
mastoidprocess ofthe temporalbone,superiornuchal line
occipitalartery andthe superiorthyroidartery
motor:accessorynervesensory:cervicalplexus
Acting alone, tilts head to itsown side and rotates it so theface is turned towards theopposite side.
Acting together, flexes the neck,raises the sternum and assists inforced inspiration. ||
Suprahyoid
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
digastric
anterior belly -digastric fossa(mandible); posteriorbelly - mastoidprocess of temporalbone
Intermediatetendon(hyoidbone)
anterior belly - mandibulardivision of the trigeminal(CN V) via the mylohyoidnerve; posterior belly -facial nerve (CN VII)
Opens the jawwhen themasseter andthe temporalisare relaxed.
stylohyoid styloid process(temporal)
greatercornu ofhyoid bone
facial nerve (CN VII)Elevate thehyoid duringswallowing
mylohyoid Mylohyoid line(mandible)
Medianraphé
mylohyoidbranch ofinferioralveolarartery
mylohyoid nerve, frominferior alveolar branch ofmandibular nerve [V3]
Raises oralcavity floor,elevates hyoid,depressesmandible
geniohyoid Symphysis menti hyoid bone C1 via hypoglossal nerve
carry hyoidbone and thetongue upwardduringdeglutition
Infrahyoid/Strap
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
sternohyoid manubrium of hyoid ansa depress hyoid bone
sternum bone cervicalis
sternothyroid manubrium thyroidcartilage Ansa
cervicalisElevates larynx, may slightly depress hyoidbone
thyrohyoid thyroidcartilage
hyoidbone
firstcervicalnerve
depress hyoid bone
omohyoid Upper borderof the scapula
Hyoidbone Ansa
cervicalis
Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone.Carries hyoid bone backward and to theside
Vertebrate
Anterior
Lateral
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
scalenemuscles
cervicalvertebrae
first andsecond ribs
ascendingcervicalartery(branch ofinferiorthyroidartery)
cervicalnerves (C3,C4, C5, C6,C7
elevation of ribs I&II
anterior C3-C6 first rib
ascendingcervicalartery(branch ofinferiorthyroidartery)
ventralramus of C5,C6
When the neck is fixed, elevatesthe first rib to aid in breathing orwhen the rib is fixed, bends theneck forward and sideways androtates it to the opposite side
medius C2-C6 first rib
ascendingcervicalartery(branch ofinferiorthyroidartery)
ventral ramiof the thirdto eighthcervicalspinal nerves
Elevate 1st rib, rotate the neck tothe opposite side
posteriortransverseprocesses ofC4 - C6
2nd rib
ascendingcervicalartery,superficialcervicalartery
C6, C7, C8 Elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to thesame side
levatorscapulae
Posteriortubercles oftransverseprocesses ofC1 - C4
Superior partof medialborder ofscapula
dorsalscapularartery
cervicalnerve (C3,C4) anddorsalscapularnerve (C5)
Elevates scapula and tilts itsglenoid cavity inferiorly byrotating scapula
rectuscapitislateralis
uppersurface ofthetransverseprocess ofthe atlas(C1)
undersurface ofthe jugularprocess ofthe occipitalbone
C1
obliquuscapitissuperior
lateral massof atlas
lateral halfof theinferiornuchal line
suboccipitalnerve
inferiorspinousprocess ofthe axis
lateral massof atlas suboccipital
nerve
Posterior
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
rectuscapitisposteriorminor
the tubercle onthe posteriorarch of the atlas(C1)
the medial part of theinferior nuchal line of theoccipital bone and thesurface between it and theforamen magnum
a branch of thedorsal primarydivision of thesuboccipitalnerve
extends the head atthe neck, but is nowconsidered to bemore of a sensoryorgan than a muscle
rectuscapitisposteriormajor
spinous processof the axis (C2)
inferior nucheal line of theoccipital bone
Dorsal ramusof C1(suboccipitalnerve)
semispinaliscapitis
articularprocesses ofC4-C6;transverseprocesses of C7and T1-T7
occipital bone betweenthe superior and inferiornuchal lines
greateroccipital nerve Extension of the head
longissimuscapitis
articularprocesses ofC4-C7;transverseprocesses ot T1-T5
posterior margin of themastoid process
lateralsacralartery
posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve
Laterally: Flex thehead and neck to thesame side.Bilaterally: Extendthe vertebral column.
spleniuscapitis
ligamentumnuchae, spinousprocesses ofC7-T6
Mastoid process C3, C4 Extend, rotate, andlaterally flex the head
Torso
Back
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
erector spinaeon the spines of thelast four thoracicvertebrae
both the spines ofthe most cranialthoracic vertebraeand the cervicalvertebrae
lateralsacralartery
posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve
extends thevertebralcolumn
rectusabdominismuscle
iliocostalis lateralsacralartery
longissimus transverse process transverse processlateralsacralartery
posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve
rectusabdominismuscle
spinalis spinous process spinous processlateralsacralartery
posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve
rectusabdominismuscle
latissimus dorsi
spinous processes ofthoracic T6-T12,thoracolumbar fascia,iliac crest and inferior3 or 4 ribs
floor ofintertuberculargroove of thehumerus
subscapularartery,dorsalscapularartery
thoracodorsalnerve
pulls theforelimbdorsally andcaudally
deltoid,trapezius
transversospinales transverse process spinous process posteriorbranches
semispinalisdorsi
transverse processes ofthe sixth to the tenththoracic vertebrae
spinous processesof the upper fourthoracic and lowertwo cervicalvertebrae
semispinaliscervicis
transverse processes ofthe upper five or sixthoracic vertebræ
cervical spinousprocesses, from theaxis to the fifth
semispinaliscapitis
transversal process oflower cervical andhigher thoracalcolumna
area betweensuperior andinferior nuchal line
greateroccipitalnerve
Extends thehead
multifidussacrum, erector spinaeaponeurosis, PSIS, andiliac crest
spinous process posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve
Stabilizesvertebrae inlocalmovementsof vertebralcolumn
rotatores transverse process spinous process posteriorbranch
interspinales spinous process spinous process posteriorrami ofspinal nerves
Extension,flexion androtation ofvertebralcolumn.
intertransversarii transverse process transverse processabove
anterior ramiof spinal
Lateralflexion of
nerves trunkSplenius muscles
capitisligamentum nuchae,spinous process of C7-T6
Mastoid process oftemporal andoccipital bone
C3, C4
Extend,rotate, andlaterally flexthe head
cervicis spinous processes ofT3-T6
transverse processesof C1, C2, C3 C5, C6
Chest
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
intercostales ribs 1-11 ribs 2-12 intercostal arteries intercostalnerves
external intercostal arteries intercostalnerves Inhalation internal
internal rib - inferior border rib - superiorborder intercostal arteries intercostal
nerveshold ribssteady external
innermost intercostal arteries intercostalnerves
subcostales inner surface of onerib
inner surface ofthe second orthird rib above,near its angle
intercostalnerves
transversusthoracis
costal cartilages oflast 3-4 ribs, body ofsternum, xiphoidprocess
ribs/costalcartilages 2-6 intercostal arteries intercostal
nervesdepressesribs
levatorescostarum
transverse processesof C7 to T12vertebrae
superior surfacesof the ribsimmediatelyinferior to theprecedingvertebrae
dorsal rami -C8, T1, T2,T3, T4, T5,T6, T7, T8,T9, T10, T11
Assists inelevationof thethoracic ribcage
Serratus posterior muscles
inferior vertebrae T11 - L3the inferiorborders of the 9ththrough 12th ribs
intercostal arteries intercostalnerves
depress thelower ribs,aiding inexpiration
superior
nuchal ligament (orligamentum nuchae)and the spinousprocesses of thevertebrae C7 throughT3
the upper bordersof the 2ndthrough 5th ribs
intercostal arteries2nd through5th intercostalnerves
elevate theribs whichaids ininspiration
diaphragm
pericardiacophrenicartery,musculophrenic
phrenic andlowerintercostal respiration
artery, inferiorphrenic arteries nerves
Abdomen
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
transversusabdominis
ribs and theiliac crest
inserts into thepubic tubercle viathe conjointtendon, also knownas the falxinguinalis
intercostal nerves T7, T8,T9, T10, T11, subcostalnerve (T12),iliohypogastric nerve,ilioinguinal nerve,genitofemoral nerve
compress the ribsand viscera,providingthoracic andpelvic stability
rectusabdominis pubis
costal cartilages ofribs 5-7, xiphoidprocess of sternum
inferiorepigastricartery
segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7,T8, T9, T10, T11, T12)
flexion oftrunk/lumbarvertebrae
erectorspinae
pyramidalis
pubicsymphysisand pubiccrest
linea alba subcostal nerve (T12) tensing the lineaalba
cremaster inguinalligament cremasteric
arterygenital branch ofgenitofemoral nerve
raise and lowerthe scrotum
quadratuslumborum
iliac crestandiliolumbarligament
last rib andtransverseprocesses oflumbar vertebrae
lumbararteries,iliolumbarartery
anterior branches of T12,L1, L2, L3, L4
Alone, lateralflexion ofvertebral column;Together,depression ofthoracic rib cage
Oblique muscles
external Lower 8costae
Crista iliaca,ligamentuminguinale
intercostal nerves T5, T6,T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,subcostal nerve (T12)
Rotates torso
internal
inguinalligament,iliac crestand thelumbodorsalfascia
linea alba, xyphoidprocess and theinferior ribs.
intercostal nerves T8, T9,T10, T11, subcostal nerve(T12), iliohypogastricnerve, ilioinguinal nerve
Compressesabdomen androtates vertebralcolumn.
Pelvis
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
coccygeus sacrospinous ligament sacral nerves: S4,S5 or S3-S4
closing in theback part ofthe outlet ofthe pelvis
Levator anilevator aninerve (S4)
iliococcygeus
ischial spine and from theposterior part of thetendinous arch of thepelvic fascia
coccyx andanococcygealraphe
inferiorrectal nervefrompudendalnerve (S3,S4)coccygealplexus
supports theviscera inpelvic cavity
pubococcygeusback of the pubis andfrom the anterior part ofthe obturator fascia
coccyx andsacrum
controls urineflow and contractsduring orgasm
puborectalis lower part of the pubicsymphysis S3, S4. levator ani
nerveinhibitdefecation
Perineum
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action AntagonistScphincter ani
externus
S4 and twigsfrom inferioranal nervesof pudendalnerve
keep the analcanal and anusclosed, aids in theexpulsion of thefeces
internus pudendalnerve
keep the analcanal and anusclosed, aids in theexpulsion of thefeces
Superficial perineal pouch
transversusperinei superficialis
anterior part of ischialtuberosity
centralpoint ofperineum
pudendalnerve
bulbospongiosus median raphé perinealartery
pudendalnerve
in males, emptiesthe urethra; infemales, clenchesthe vagina
ischiocavernosus perinealartery
pudendalnerve
assists thebulbospongiosusmuscle
Deep perineal pouch
transversusperinei profundus inferior rami of the ischium
its fellowof theoppositeside
pudendalnerve
sphincterurethraemembranaceae
junction of the inferior ramiof the pubis and ischium tothe extent of 1.25–2 cm., and
its fellowof theopposite
perinealbranch of thepudendalnerve (S2,
Constricts urethra,maintain urinarycontinence
from the neighboring fasciæ side S3, S4)
Upper limbs
Vertebral column
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
trapezius
down the midline, fromthe external occipitalprotuberance, the nuchalligament, the medial partof the superior nuchalline, and the spinousprocesses of the vertebraeC7-T12
at the shoulders,into the lateralthird of theclavicle, theacromion processand into thespine of thescapula
transversecervicalartery
major nervesupply is thecranial nerve XI.cervical nervesC3 and C4receiveinformationabout pain inthis muscle
retraction andelevation ofscapula.
Serratusanteriormuscle
latissimusdorsi
spinous processes ofthoracic T6-T12,thoracolumbar fascia,iliac crest and inferior 3or 4 ribs
floor ofintertuberculargroove of thehumerus
subscapularartery,dorsalscapularartery
thoracodorsalnerve
pulls theforelimbdorsally andcaudally
deltoid,trapezius
rhomboidsnuchal ligaments, spinousprocesses of C7-T5vertebrae
medial border ofthe scapula
dorsalscapularartery
dorsal scapularnerve (C4 andC5)
Retracts thescapula androtates it todepress theglenoid cavity.fixes thescapula to thethoracic wall.
Serratusanteriormuscle
rhomboidmajor
spinous processes of theT2 to T5 vertebrae
medial border ofthe scapula,inferior to theinsertion ofrhomboid minormuscle
dorsalscapularartery
dorsal scapularnerve (C4 andC5)
Retracts thescapula androtates it todepress theglenoid cavity.It also fixesthe scapula tothe thoracicwall.
Serratusanteriormuscle
rhomboidminor
nuchal ligaments andspinous processes of C7-to T1 vertebrae
medial border ofthe scapula,superior to theinsertion ofrhomboid majormuscle
dorsalscapularartery
dorsal scapularnerve (C4 andC5)
Retracts thescapula androtates it todepress theglenoid cavity.It also fixesthe scapula tothe thoracicwall.
Serratusanteriormuscle
posterior tubercles of superior part of dorsal cervical nerve
Elevatesscapula andtilts its glenoid
levatorscapulae transverse processes of
C1 - C4 vertebraemedial border ofscapula
scapularartery
(C3, C4) anddorsal scapularnerve (C5)
cavityinferiorly byrotatingscapula
Thoracic walls
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
pectoralismajor
anterior surface ofthe medial half ofthe clavicle.Sternocostalhead: anteriorsurface of thesternum, thesuperior six costalcartilages
intertuberculargroove of thehumerus
pectoral branchof thethoracoacromialtrunk
lateralpectoral nerveand medialpectoral nerveClavicularhead: C5 andC6Sternocostalhead: C7, C8and T1
Clavicular head:flexes the humerusSternocostal head:extends the humerusAs a whole, adductsand medially rotatesthe humerus. It alsodraws the scapulaanteriorly andinferiorly.
pectoralisminor
3rd to 5th ribs,near their costalcartilages
medial borderand superiorsurface of thecoracoid processof the scapula
Pectoral branchof thethoracoacromialtrunk
Medialpectoralnerves (C8,T1)
stabilizes the scapulaby drawing it inferiorlyand anteriorly againstthe thoracic wall
subclavius first ribsubclaviangroove ofclavicle
thoracoacromialartery,clavicularbranch
nerve tosubclavius Depresses the clavicle
serratusanterior
fleshy slips fromthe outer surfaceof upper 8 or 9ribs
costal aspect ofmedial marginof the scapula
lateral thoracicartery (upperpart),thoracodorsalartery (lowerpart)
long thoracicnerve (fromroots ofbrachialplexus C5,C6, C7)
protract and stabilizescapula, assists inupward rotation
Rhomboidmajor,Rhomboidminor,Trapezius
Shoulder
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
deltoid
clavicle,acromion,spine of thescapula
deltoidtuberosity ofhumerus
primarily posteriorcircumflexhumeral artery
Axillary nerve
shoulderabduction,flexion andextension
Latissimus dorsi
teres major
posterioraspect of theinferior angleof thescapula
medial lip oftheintertubercularsulcus of thehumerus
Subscapular andcircumflexscapular arteries
Lowersubscapularnerve(segmentallevels C5 andC6)
Internal rotationof the humerus
Rotator cuffinfraspinatus,
supraspinatussupraspinousfossa ofscapula
superior facetof greatertubercle ofhumerus
suprascapularartery
suprascapularnerve
abduction of armand stabilizeshumerus
teres minor,pectoralis major,and latissimusdorsi
infraspinatusinfraspinousfossa of thescapula
middle facetof greatertubercle of thehumerus
suprascapular andcircumflexscapular arteries
suprascapularnerve
Lateral rotationof arm &Adduction of armand stabilizeshumerus
subscapularis,pectoralis major,and latissimusdorsi
teres minorlateral borderof thescapula
inferior facetof greatertubercle of thehumerus
posteriorcircumflexhumeral artery andthe circumflexscapular artery
axillary nervelaterally rotatesand adducts thearm
subscapularis,pectoralis major,and latissimusdorsi
subscapularis subscapularfossa
lesser tubercleof humerus subscapular artery
uppersubscapularnerve, lowersubscapularnerve (C5, C6)
rotates mediallyhumerus;stabilizesshoulder
infraspinatus andteres minor
Arm
Anterior compartment
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
coracobrachialis coracoid process ofscapula medial humerus brachial
arterymusculocutaneousnerve
flexes atshoulderjoint
biceps brachii
short head: coracoidprocess of the scapula.long head: supraglenoidtubercle
radial tuberosity brachialartery
Musculocutaneousnerve (Lateralcord: C5, C6, C7)
flexeselbow andsupinatesforearm
Tricepsbrachiimuscle
brachialisanterior surface of thehumerus, particularly thedistal half of this bone
coronoidprocess and thetuberosity of theulna
radialrecurrentartery
musculocutaneousnerve
flexion atelbow joint
Posterior compartment
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
tricepsbrachii
longhead:Infraglenoidtubercle of thescapulalateral head:posterior humerus- above radialgrove
olecranon processof ulna
Profundabrachii
radialnerve
extends forearm, caput longumadducts shoulder
Bicepsbrachiimuscle
medial head:posteriorhumerus-underradial groove
anconeusLateralepicondyle of thehumerus
lateral surface ofthe olecranonprocess and thesuperior part of theposterior ulna
Profundabrachii,recurrentinterosseousartery
radialnerve(C7,C8,andT1)
partly blended in with thetriceps, which it assists inextension of the forearm.Stabilises the elbow and abductsthe ulna during pronation.
Forearm
Anterior compartment
Superficial
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
pronatorteres
humeral head: medialepicondyle of humerus(common flexor tendon)ulnar head: coronoidprocess of the ulna
radiuspronatortuberosity
ulnararteryandradialartery
mediannerve
pronation offorearm, flexeselbow
Supinator muscle
flexor carpiradialis
medial epicondyle ofhumerus (common flexortendon)
Bases ofsecond andthirdmetacarpalbones
ulnarartery
Mediannerve
Flexion andabduction atwrist
Extensor carpi radialisbrevis muscle, Extensorcarpi radialis longusmuscle
palmarislongus
medial epicondyle ofhumerus (common flexortendon)
palmaraponeurosis
ulnarartery
mediannerve wrist flexor
Extensor carpi radialisbrevis, Extensor carpiradialis longus,Extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpiulnaris
medial epicondyle of thehumerus (common flexortendon)
pisiform ulnarartery
muscularbranchesof ulnarnerve
flexion andadduction ofwrist
Extensor carpi ulnarismuscle
flexordigitorumsuperficialis
medial epicondyle of thehumerus (common flexortendon), as well as parts ofthe radius and ulna.
phalangesII-IV
ulnarartery
mediannerve
flexor of fingers(primarily atproximalinterphalangealjoints)
Extensor digitorummuscle
Deep
uscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
pronatorquadratus medial, anterior surface of the ulna
lateral,anteriorsurface ofthe radius
anteriorinterosseousartery
median nerve(anteriorinterosseousnerve)
pronates theforearm
Supinatormuscle
flexordigitorumprofundus
ulna distalphalanges
anteriorinterosseousartery
median(anteriorinterosseous),muscularbranches ofulnar
flex hand,interphalangealjoints
Extensordigitorummuscle
flexorpollicislongus
The middle 2/4 of the volar surfaceof the radius and the adjacentinterosseus membrane. (Alsooccasionally a small origin slightly onthe medial epicondyle of the ulna.)
The baseof thedistalphalanx ofthe thumb
Anteriorinterosseousartery
Anteriorinterosseousnerve (branchof mediannerve) (C8,T1)
Flexion of thethumb
Extensorpollicislongusmuscle,Extensorpollicisbrevismuscle
Posterior compartment
Superficial
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
extensordigitorum
lateralepicondyle(commonextensor tendon)
2nd-4th phalange
posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)
extensionof handandfingers
Flexordigitorumsuperficialismuscle,Flexordigitorumprofundusmuscle
extensor digitiminimi
the anteriorportion of thelateralepicondyle ofthe humerus(commonextensor tendon)
extensorexpansion, locatedat the base of theproximal phalanxof the finger onthe dorsal side
posterior interosseousartery which originatesfrom the commoninterosseous artery andmore proximally, theulnar artery
posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)
extendsthe littlefinger atall joints
Flexordigitiminimibrevis
extensor carpiulnaris
Commonextensor tendon(lateralepicondyle),ulna
5th metacarpal ulnar artery
posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)
extendsandadductsthe wrist
Flexor carpiulnaris
Mobile wad
brachioradialis
Lateralsupracondylarridge of thehumerus
Distal radius(Radial styloidprocess)
radial recurrent artery radial nerveFlexionofforearm
extensor carpiradialis longus
lateralsupracondylarridge
2nd metacarpal radial artery radial nerve
extensorat thewristjoint,abducts
Flexor carpiradialismuscle
the handat thewrist
extensor carpiradialis brevis
humerus at theanterior oflateralepicondyle(commonextensor tendon)
base of the 3rdmetacarpal radial artery
posteriorinterosseusnerve
extensorandabductorof thehand atthe wristjoint
Flexor carpiradialismuscle
Deep
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
supinator
Lateral epicondyle of thehumerus, supinator crest ofulna, radial collateralligament, annular ligament
Lateralproximalradialshaft
radialrecurrentartery
posteriorinterosseusnerve (C7,C8)
supinates forearm
Pronatorteres,Pronatorquadratus
extensorindicis ulna
indexfinger(extensorhood)
posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)
extends index finger,wrist
Anatomical snuff box
abductorpollicis longus ulna, radial styloid process first
metacarpal
posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)
abduction, extensionof thumb
Adductorpollicismuscle
extensorpollicis brevis radius
thumb,proximalphalanx
posteriorinterosseousartery
posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)
extension of thumb atmetacarpophalangealjoint
Flexorpollicislongusmuscle,Flexorpollicisbrevismuscle
extensorpollicis longus ulna
thumb,distalphalanx
posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)
extension of thethumb(metacarpophalangealand interphalangeal)
Flexorpollicislongusmuscle,Flexorpollicisbrevismuscle
Hand
Lateral volar
Thenar
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistopponenspollicis
trapezium and transversecarpal ligament
metacarpal bone of thethumb on its radial side median nerve Opposition of
the thumb
flexorpollicisbrevis
trapezoid, flexor retinaculum thumb, proximalphalanx
mediannerve, deepbranch ofulnar nerve(medial head)
Flexes thethumb
Extensorpollicislongusmuscle,Extensorpollicisbrevismuscle
abductorpollicisbrevis
Transverse carpal ligament,the scaphoid and trapezium
Radial base ofproximal phalanx ofthumb and the thumbextensors
Median nerve Abducts thethumb
Adductorpollicismuscle
adductorpollicis
Transverse head: anteriorbody of the third metacarpalOblique head: bases of thesecond and the thirdmetacarpals and the adjacenttrapezoid and capitate bones
medial side of the baseof the proximalphalanx of the thumband the ulnar sesamoid
deep branchof ulnarnerve (T1)
adducts thethumb at thecarpometacarpaljoint
Abductorpollicislongusmuscle,Abductorpollicisbrevismuscle
Medial volar
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
palmarisbrevis
flexorretinaculum(medial),palmaraponeurosis
palm superficialbranch ofulnar nerve
wrinkle skin of palm
Hypothenar
abductordigitiminimi
pisiform
base of the proximalphalanx of the 5thdigit on the ulnar ormedial side
ulnarartery
deepbranch ofulnar nerve
Abduction of little finger
flexordigitiminimibrevis
hamate bone little finger ulnarartery
deepbranch ofulnar nerve
flexes little finger
extensordigitiminimimuscle
opponensdigitiminimi
Hook ofhamate andflexorretinaculum
Medial border of 5thmetacarpal
ulnarartery
deepbranch ofulnar nerve(C8 andT1)
Draws 5th metacarpalanteriorly and rotates it,bringing little finger (5th digit)into opposition with thumb
Intermediate
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
lumbricalflexordigitorumprofundus
extensorexpansion
superficial palmar arch,common palmar digital arteries,deep palmar arch, dorsal digitalartery
deep branchof ulnarnerve, mediannerve
flexmetacarpophalangealjoints, extendinterphalangeal joints
dorsalinterossei metacarpals proximal
phalangesDorsal metacarpal artery andpalmar metacarpal artery
deep branchof ulnar nerve abduct finger
Palmarinterosseimuscles
palmarinterossei metacarpals proximal
phalange deep branchof ulnar nerve adduction
Lower limb
Iliac region
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
iliopsoas
iliac fossa (iliacus),sacrum (iliacus), spine(T12, L1, L2, L3, L4,L5) & intervertebraldiscs (psoas major,psoas minor)
femur—lesser trochanter(psoas major/minor), shaftbelow lesser trochanter(iliacus), tendon of psoasmajor & femur (iliacus)
medialfemoralcircumflexartery,iliolumbarartery
femoralnerve,Lumbarnerves L1,L2
flexion of hip(psoasmajor/minor,iliacus), spinerotation (psoasmajor/minor)
Gluteusmaximus,posteriorcompartmentof thigh
psoasmajor
transverse processes,bodies and discs of T12-L5
in the lesser trochanter ofthe femur
Iliolumbarartery
Lumbarplexus viaanteriorbranchesof L1, L2,L3
flexes androtates laterallythigh
Gluteusmaximus
psoasminor
Side of T12+L1 and IVDisc between
Pectineal line andiliopectineal eminence L1 Weak trunk
flexorGluteusmaximus
iliacus iliac fossa lesser trochanter of femur
medialfemoralcircumflexartery,Iliolumbarartery
femoralnerve (L2,L3)
flexes hip Gluteusmaximus
Gluteal
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
tensor fascialatae iliac crest iliotibial tract
primarilylateralcircumflexfemoralartery,Superiorgluteal artery
Superiorgluteal nerve(L4, L5)
Thigh - flexion, medialrotation. Trunkstabilization.
Gluteal musclesGluteal surface external rotation and
gluteusmaximusmuscle
of ilium,lumbar fascia,sacrum,sacrotuberousligament
Glutealtuberosity of thefemur, iliotibialtract
superior andinferiorglutealarteries
inferiorgluteal nerve(L5, S1, S2nerve roots)
extension of the hip joint,supports the extended kneethrough the iliotibial tract,chief antigravity muscle insitting
Iliacus,Psoasmajor,Psoasminor
gluteusmediusmuscle
Gluteal surfaceof ilium, undergluteusmaximus
Greatertrochanter ofthe femur
superiorgluteal artery
superiorgluteal nerve(L4, L5, S1nerve roots)
abduction of the hip;preventing adduction of thehip. Medial rotation ofthigh.
lateralrotatorgroup
minimusGluteal surfaceof ilium, undergluteus medius.
Greatertrochanter ofthe femur
superiorgluteal artery
superiorgluteal nerve(L4, L5, S1nerve roots)
Works in concert withgluteus medius: abductionof the hip; preventingadduction of the hip.Medial rotation of thigh.
lateralrotatorgroup
lateralrotatorgroup
at or below theacetabulum ofthe ilium
on or near thegreatertrochanter ofthe femur
Inferiorglutealartery,Lateral sacralartery,Superiorgluteal artery
Obturatornerve, nerveto thePiriformis,nerve toquadratusfemoris
lateral rotation of hip
Gluteusminimusmuscle,Gluteusmediusmuscle
piriformis sacrum greatertrochanter
Inferiorglutealartery,Lateral sacralartery,Superiorgluteal artery
nerve to thePiriformis(S1 and S2nerve roots)
laterally rotate (outward)the thigh
obturatorexternus
obturatorforamen andobturatorymembrane
medial aspect ofgreatertrochanter offemur
obturatorartery
posteriorbranch ofobturatornerve (L3,L4)
adduct thigh, rotatelaterally thigh
obturatorinternus
Ischiopubicramus &obturatormembrane
medial aspect ofthe Greatertrochanter
Nerve toobturatorinternus (L5,S1, S2)
Abducts & rotates laterallythigh, and stabiliser of thehip during walking
inferiorgemellus
Ischialtuberosity
Obturatorinternus tendon
Nerve toQuadratusfemoris (L4,L5, S1)
Rotates laterally thigh
superiorgemellus
spine of theischium
Obturatorinternus tendon Sacral plexus
(S1, S2, S3) Rotates laterally thigh
quadratusfemoris
ischialtuberosity
intertrochantericcrest
inferiorgluteal artery
nerve toquadratusfemoris (L4,L5, -S1)
lateral rotation of thigh
Thigh
anterior compartment
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
articularisgenu femur suprapatellar
bursafemoralartery
femoralnerve
Pulling thesuprapatellar bursaduring extension ofthe knee.
sartorius superior to the anterior superioriliac spine
medial side ofthe upper tibia inthe pes anserinus
femoralartery
femoralnerve
flexion, lateralrotation andabduction of thigh;flexion and medialrotation of leg
quadricepsfemoris
combined rectus femoris andvastus muscles
Patella andTibial tuberosityvia the Patellarligament
femoralartery
Femoralnerve
Knee extension; Hipflexion (R.Fem.only)
Hamstring
rectusfemoris
anterior inferior iliac spine and theexterior surface of the bony ridgewhich forms the iliac portion ofthe acetabulum
Patella andTibial tuberosityvia the Patellarligament
femoralartery
femoralnerve
knee extension; hipflexion Hamstring
vastuslateralis
Greater trochanter,Intertrochanteric line, and Lineaaspera of the femur
patella and tibialtuberosity viathe patellarligament
femoralartery
femoralnerve
Extends andstabilizes knee hamstring
vastusintermedius antero/ lateral femur
patella and tibialtuberosity viathe patellarligament
femoralartery
femoralnerve extends knee Hamstring
vastusmedialis femur
patella and tibialtuberosity viathe patellarligament
femoralartery
femoralnerve extends knee hamstring
posterior compartment/hamstring
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
biceps femoris
long head:tuberosity ofthe ischium,short head:linea aspera,femur
the head of thefibula whicharticulates withthe back of thelateral tibialcondyle
inferiorglutealartery,perforatingarteries,poplitealartery
long head: medial(tibial) part ofsciatic nerve, shorthead: lateral(common fibular)part of sciatic nerve
flexes knee joint,laterally rotates legat knee (when kneeis flexed), extendship joint (long headonly)
Quadricepsmuscle
semitendinosus tuberosity ofthe ischium pes anserinus
inferiorglutealartery,perforatingarteries
sciatic (tibial, L5,S1, S2)
flexes knee,extends hip joint,medially rotates legat knee
Quadricepsmuscle
tuberosity of Medial surfaceprofundafemoris,
flexes knee,extends hip joint, Quadriceps
semimembranosus the ischium of tibia glutealartery
sciatic nerve medially rotates legat knee
muscle
medial compartment
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistadductormuscles ofthe hip
pubis femur, tibia obturator nerve adduction of hip
gracilis inferior pubicramus
tibia (pesanserinus)
obturatorartery
anterior branch ofobturator nerve
adduction of hip,flexion of hip,medial rotation ofknee
pectineus superior pubicramus
lesser trochanter,linea aspera
Obturatorartery
femoral nerve,sometimes obturatornerve
flexion &adduction of hip
adductorbrevis
anterior surfaceof the inferiorpubic ramus
the lessertrochanter andlinea aspera ofthe femur
obturatorartery
anterior branch ofobturator nerve adduction of hip
adductorlongus
pubic body justbelow thepubic crest
middle third oflinea aspera
obturatorartery
anterior branch ofobturator nerve
adduction &medial rotation ofhip
adductormagnus
tuberosity ofthe ischium
femur andadductor tubercleof femur
obturatorartery
posterior branch ofobturator nerve(adductor) and tibial partof sciatic nerve
adduction of hip
Leg
anterior compartment
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
tibialisanterior body of tibia
medialcuneiform andfirst metatarsalbones of thefoot
anteriortibialartery
DeepFibular(peroneal)nerve
dorsiflex and invert thefoot
Fibularis longus,Gastrocnemius,Soleus, Plantaris,Tibialis posterior
extensorhallucislongus
middle portion of thefibula on the anteriorsurface and theinterosseous membrane
dorsal side ofthe base of thedistal phalanxof the Hallux
anteriortibialartery
DeepFibular(peroneal)nerve
Extends the big toe andassists in dorsiflexion ofthe foot at the ankle.Also is a weak invertor
Flexor hallucislongus, Flexorhallucis brevis
extensordigitorumlongus
Lateral Condyle of tibiaand superior ¾ ofinterosseous membrane
Middle andDistal phalangesof lateral fourdigits
anteriortibialartery
DeepFibular(peroneal)nerve
extension of toes andankle
Flexor digitorumlongus, Flexordigitorum brevis
fibularis distal anterior surface dorsal surface anterior DeepFibular dorsi flexes and everts
tertius of the fibula of metatarsal 5 tibialartery (peroneal)
nervefoot
posterior compartment
Superficial
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
triceps surae achilles tendon,calcaneus
posteriortibialartery
tibial nerve plantarflexion
gastrocnemius femur(medial andlateral condyles) calcaneus sural
arteries
tibial nerve fromthe sciatic,specifically,nerve roots S1,S2
plantarflexion,flexion ofknee (minor)
Tibialisanteriormuscle
soleus fibula, medial borderof tibia (soleal line) tendo calcaneus sural
arteries
tibial nerve,specifically,nerve roots L5–S2
plantarflexiontibialisanteriormuscle
plantaris
lateral supracondylarridge of femur abovelateral head ofgastrocnemius
tendo calcaneus(medial side, deepto gastrocnemiustendon)
suralarteries tibial nerve
Plantar flexesfoot andflexes knee
Tibialisanteriormuscle
Deep
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
popliteus
middle facet of thelateral surface of thelateral femoralcondyle
posteriortibia underthe tibialcondyles
popliteal artery tibialnerve
Medial rotation andflexion of knee
tarsal tunnel
flexorhallucislongus
fibula, posterioraspect of upper 1/3
base ofdistalphalanx ofhallux
Peroneal artery(peroneal branch ofthe posterior tibialartery
tibialnerve,S1, S2nerveroots
flexes all joints ofthe Hallux, plantarflexion of the anklejoint
Extensor hallucislongus muscle
flexordigitorumlongus
medial tibia
distalphalanges oflateral fourdigits
posterior tibialartery
Tibialnerve
Primary action isFlex digits
Extensordigitorum longus,Extensordigitorum brevis
tibialisposterior tibia, fibula
navicular,medialcuneiform
posterior tibialartery
tibialnerve
inversion of thefoot, plantar flexionof the foot at theankle
Tibialis anteriormuscle
lateral compartment
fibularis muscles:
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
longus fibula first metatarsal, medialcuneiform
fibular(peroneal)artery
superficial fibular(peroneal) nerve
plantarflexion,eversion
Tibialis anteriormuscle
brevis fibula fifth metatarsalfibular(peroneal)artery
superficial fibular(peroneal) nerve
plantarflexion,eversion
Foot
Dorsal
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
extensordigitorum brevis calcaneus toes
deepperonealnerve
extends digits2, 3, and 4
Flexor digitorum longus,Flexor digitorum brevis
extensorhallucis brevis calcaneus base of proximal
phalanx of hallux deepperonealnerve
Extension ofhallux Flexor hallucis brevis muscle
Plantar
1st layer
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
abductorhallucis
medial process ofcalcaneus, flexorretinaculum, plantaraponeurosis
medial side of baseof proximal phalanxof first digit
medialplantarnerve
abductshallux
Adductor hallucismuscle
flexordigitorumbrevis
medial process ofcalcaneus, plantaraponeurosis, intermuscularsepta
middle phalanges ofdigits 2-5
medialplantarnerve
flexeslateral fourtoes
Extensor digitorumlongus, Extensordigitorum brevis
abductordigitiminimi
Plantar aponeurosis Fifth toe orPhalanges
lateralplantarartery
lateralplantarnerve (S1,S2)
flex andabduct thefifth toe
Flexor digiti minimibrevis muscle
2nd layer
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
quadratusplantae Calcaneus Tendons of Flexor
Digitorum Longus lateral plantar nerve(S1, S2)
Assists FlexorDigitorumLongus inflexion of DIP
joints
lumbricalmuscle
tendonsof flexordigitorumlongus
medial aspect ofextensor expansionof proximalphalanges of lateralfour digits
lateral plantarartery and plantararch, and fourplantar metatarsalarteries
lateral plantar nerve(lateral threelumbricals) and medialplantar nerve (firstlumbrical)
maintainextension ofdigits atinterphalangealjoints
3rd layer
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistflexor hallucisbrevis medial plantar nerve flex hallux Extensor hallucis
longus muscleadductorhallucis Plantar nerve adducts hallux Abductor hallucis
muscle
flexor digitiminimi brevis
fifthmetatarsalbone
phalanx ofthe fifth toe lateral plantar nerve
(superficial branch)extend and adductthe fifth toe
Abductor digitiminimi muscle
4th layer
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistdorsal interossei plantar nerve abduct toes Plantar interossei musclesplantar interossei metatarsals proximal phalanges plantar nerve adduct toes Dorsal interossei of the foot
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Original source : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_muscles_of_the_human_body