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Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 1 of 50
List of Controlled Alien Species
Amphibians by Common Name -3 species-
(Updated December 2009)
Frogs
Common Name Family Genus Species
Poison Dart Frog, Black-Legged Dendrobatidae Phyllobates bicolor
Poison Dart Frog, Golden Dendrobatidae Phyllobates terribilis
Poison Dart Frog, Kokoe Dendrobatidae Phyllobates aurotaenia
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 2 of 50
List of Controlled Alien Species
Birds by Common Name -3 species-
(Updated December 2009)
Birds
Common Name Family Genus Species
Cassowary, Dwarf Cassuariidae Casuarius bennetti Cassowary, Northern Cassuariidae Casuarius unappendiculatus Cassowary, Southern Cassuariidae Casuarius casuarius
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 3 of 50
List of Controlled Alien Species
Mammals by Common Name -437 species-
(Updated March 2010)
Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates)
Bovines
Buffalo, African Bovidae Syncerus caffer Gaur Bovidae Bos frontalis
Girrafe
Giraffe Giraffidae Giraffa camelopardalis
Hippopotami
Hippopotamus Hippopotamidae Hippopotamus amphibious Hippopotamus, Madagascan Pygmy Hippopotamidae Hexaprotodon liberiensis
Carnivora
Canidae (Dog-like)
Coyote, Jackals & Wolves
Coyote (not native to BC) Canidae Canis latrans Dingo Canidae Canis lupus Jackal, Black-Backed Canidae Canis mesomelas Jackal, Golden Canidae Canis aureus Jackal Side-Striped Canidae Canis adustus Wolf, Gray (not native to BC) Canidae Canis lupus Wolf, Maned Canidae Chrysocyon rachyurus Wolf, Red Canidae Canis rufus Wolf, Ethiopian Canidae Canis simensis
Dhole
Dhole Canidae Cuon alpinus
Culpeo
Culpeo Canidae Lycalopex culpaeus
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Dogs (Wild)
Dog, African Wild Canidae Lycaon pictus Dog, Bush Canidae Speothos venaticus Dog, Raccoon Canidae Nyctereutes procyonoides Dog, Short-Eared Canidae Atelocynus microtis
Foxes
Fox, Bat-Eared Canidae Otocyon megalotis Fox, Bengal Canidae Vulpes bengalensis Fox, Blandford's Canidae Vulpes cana Fox, Cape Canidae Vulpes chama Fox, Corsac Canidae Vulpes corsac Fox, Crab-Eating Canidae Cerdocyon thous Fox, Darwin's Canidae Lycalopex fulvipes Fox, Fennec Canidae Vulpes zerda Fox, Hoary Canidae Lycalopex vetulus Fox, Island Gray Canidae Urocyon littoralis Fox, Pale Canidae Vulpes pallida Fox, Pampas Canidae Lycalopex gymnocercus Fox, Rüppel's Canidae Vulpes rueppellii Fox, Sechuran Canidae Lycalopex sechuarae Fox, South American Gray Canidae Lycalopex griseus Fox, Swift Canidae Vulpes velox Fox, Tibetan Canidae Vulpes ferrilata
Felidae (Cat-like)
Cheetah Felidae (Felinae) Acinonyx jubatus Jaguar Felidae (Pantherinae) Panthera onca Leopard Felidae (Pantherinae) Panthera pardus Leopard, Clouded Felidae (Pantherinae) Neofelis nebulosa Leopard, Snow Felidae (Pantherinae) Uncia uncia Lion Felidae (Pantherinae) Panthera leo Lynx, Eurasian Felidae (Felinae) Lynx lynx Lynx, Iberian (Spanish) Felidae (Felinae) Lynx pardinus Tiger Felidae (Pantherinae) Panthera tigris
Hyaenidae (Hyena-like)
Aardwolf Hyaenidae Proteles cristata Hyena, Spotted Hyaenidae Crocuta crocuta Hyena, Brown Hyaenidae Hyaena brunnea Hyena, Striped Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena
Ursidae (Bears)
Bear, Asiatic Black Ursidae Ursus thibetanus Bear, Polar Ursidae Ursus maritimus Bear, Sloth Ursidae Melursus ursinus
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Ursidae (Bears) cont...
Bear, Spectacled Ursidae Tremarctos ornatus Bear, Sun Ursidae Helarctos malayanus Panda, Giant Ursidae Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Perissodactyla (Odd-toed Ungulates)
Rhinocerotidae (Rhinoceros)
Rhinoceros, Black Rhinocerotidae Diceros bicornis Rhinoceros, Indian Rhinocerotidae Rhinoceros unicornis Rhinoceros, Java Rhinocerotidae Rhinoceros sondaicus Rhinoceros, Sumantran Rhinocerotidae Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Rhinoceros, White Rhinocerotidae Ceratotherium simum
Primates
Night Monkeys
Night Monkey, Azara's Aotidae Aotus azarae Night Monkey, Black-Headed Aotidae Aotus nigriceps Night Monkey, Gray-Bellied Aotidae Aotus lemurinus Night Monkey, Hershkovitz's Aotidae Aotus hershkovitzi Night Monkey, Nancy Ma's Aotidae Aotus nancymaae Night Monkey, Peruvian Aotidae Aotus miconax Night Monkey, Spix's Aotidae Aotus vociferans Night Monkey, Three-Striped Aotidae Aotus trivirgatus
Atelid Monkeys
Howler Monkeys
Howler Monkey, Amazon Black Atelidae Alouatta nigerrima Howler Monkey, Black Atelidae Alouatta caraya Howler Monkey, Bolivian Red Atelidae Alouatta sara Howler Monkey, Brown Atelidae Alouatta guariba Howler Monkey, Coiba Island Atelidae Alouatta coibensis Howler Monkey, Guatemalan Black Atelidae Alouatta pigra Howler Monkey, Guyanan Red Atelidae Alouatta macconnelli Howler Monkey, Mantled Atelidae Alouatta palliata Howler Monkey, Red-Handed Atelidae Alouatta belzebul Howler Monkey, Venezuelan Red Atelidae Alouatta seniculus
Spider Monkeys
Spider Monkey, Black-Headed Atelidae Ateles fusciceps Spider Monkey, Brown Atelidae Ateles hybridus Spider Monkey, Geoffroy's Atelidae Ateles geoffroyi Spider Monkey, Peruvian Atelidae Ateles chamek
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Spider Monkeys cont...
Spider Monkey, Red-Faced Atelidae Ateles paniscus Spider Monkey, White-Cheeked Atelidae Ateles marginatus Spider Monkey, White-Fronted Atelidae Ateles belzebuth
Muriqui
Muriqui Atelidae Brachyteles arachnoides Muriqui, Northern Atelidae Brachyteles hypoxanthus
Woolly Monkeys
Woolly Monkey, Colombian Atelidae Lagothrix lugens Woolly Monkey, Gray Atelidae Lagothrix cana Woolly Monkey, Humboldt's Atelidae Lagothrix lagotricha Woolly Monkey, Silvery Atelidae Lagothrix poeppigii Woolly Monkey, Yellow-Tailed Atelidae Oreonax flavicauda
Cebid Monkeys
Marmosets
n/a Cebidae Callithrix acariensis n/a Cebidae Callithrix argentata n/a Cebidae Callithrix chrysoleuca n/a Cebidae Callithrix emiliae n/a Cebidae Callithrix humeralifera n/a Cebidae Callithrix humilis n/a Cebidae Callithrix intermedia n/a Cebidae Callithrix leucippe n/a Cebidae Callithrix manicorensis n/a Cebidae Callithrix marcai n/a Cebidae Callithrix mauesi n/a Cebidae Callithrix melanura n/a Cebidae Callithrix nigriceps n/a Cebidae Callithrix pygmaea n/a Cebidae Callithrix saterei Marmoset, Black-Tufted Cebidae Callithrix penicillata Marmoset, Buffy-Headed Cebidae Callithrix flaviceps Marmoset, Buffy-Tufted Cebidae Callithrix aurita Marmoset, Common Cebidae Callithrix jacchus Marmoset, Goeldi's Cebidae Callimico goeldii Marmoset, White-Headed Cebidae Callithrix geoffroyi Marmoset, Wied's Cebidae Callithrix kuhlii
Capuchins
Capuchin, Black Cebidae Cebus nigritus Capuchin, Black-Striped Cebidae Cebus libidinosus
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Capuchins cont...
Capuchin, Brown (or Black-Capped Cebidae Cebus apella or Tufted) Capuchin, Golden-Bellied Cebidae Cebus xanthosternos Capuchin, Kaapori Cebidae Cebus kaapori Capuchin, Weeping Cebidae Cebus olivaceus Capuchin, White-Faced Cebidae Cebus capucinus Capuchin, White-Fronted Cebidae Cebus albifrons
Lion Tamarins
Lion Tamarin, Black Cebidae Leontopithecus chrysopygus (or Golden Rumped) Lion Tamarin, Black-Faced Cebidae Leontopithecus caissara (or superagui) Lion Tamarin, Golden Cebidae Leontopithecus rosalia Lion Tamarin, Golden-Headed Cebidae Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Tamarins
Tamarin, Black Cebidae Saguinus niger Tamarin, Black-Mantled Cebidae Saguinus nigricollis Tamarin, Brown-Mantled Cebidae Saguinus fuscicollis Tamarin, Cottontop Cebidae Saguinus oedipus Tamarin, Emperor Cebidae Saguinus imperator Tamarin, Geoffroy's Cebidae Saguinus geoffroyi Tamarin, Golden-Mantled Cebidae Saguinus tripartitus Tamarin, Graells' Cebidae Saguinus graellsi Tamarin, Martins' Cebidae Saguinus martinsi Tamarin, Mottle-Faced Cebidae Saguinus inustus Tamarin, Moustached Cebidae Saguinus mystax Tamarin, Pied Cebidae Saguinus bicolor Tamarin, Red-Capped Cebidae Saguinus pileatus Tamarin, Red-Handed Cebidae Saguinus midas Tamarin, White-Footed Cebidae Saguinus leucopus Tamarin, White-Lipped Cebidae Saguinus labiatus Tamarin, White-Mantled Cebidae Saguinus melanoleucus
Squirrel Monkeys
Squirrel Monkey, Bare-Eared Cebidae Saimiri ustus Squirrel Monkey, Black Cebidae Saimiri vanzolinii Squirrel Monkey, Black-Capped Cebidae Saimiri boliviensis Squirrel Monkey, Central American Cebidae Saimiri oerstedii Squirrel Monkey, Common Cebidae Saimiri sciureus
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Old World Monkeys
Swamp Monkey
Allen's swamp monkey Cercopithecidae Allenopithecus nigroviridis
Mangabeys
Mangabey, Agile Cercopithecidae Cercocebus agilis Mangabey, Collared Cercopithecidae Cercocebus torquatus Mangabey, Golden-Bellied Cercopithecidae Cercocebus chrysogaster Mangabey, Sanje Cercopithecidae Cercocebus sanjei Mangabey, Sooty Cercopithecidae Cercocebus atys Mangabey, Tana River Cercopithecidae Cercocebus galeritus
Monkeys & Guenons
Guenon, Moustached Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus cephus Guenon, White-Throated Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus erythrogaster Guenon, Red-Eared Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus erythrotis Guenon, Sclater's Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus sclateri Monkey, Blue Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus mitis Monkey, De Brazza's Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus neglectus Monkey, Diana Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus diana Monkey, Dryas Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus dryas Monkey, Golden Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus kandti Monkey, Greater Spot-Nosed Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus nictitans Monkey, Hamlyn's Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus hamlyni Monkey, L'Hoest's Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus lhoesti Monkey, Lesser Spot-Nosed Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus petaurista Monkey, Preuss' Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus preussi Monkey, Red-Tailed Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus ascanius Monkey, Roloway Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus roloway Monkey, Silver Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus doggetti Monkey, Sun-Tailed Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus solatus Monkey, Sykes' Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus albogularis Mona Monkey Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus mona Mona Monkey, Campbell's Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus campbelli Mona Monkey, Crested Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus pogonias Mona Monkey, Dent's Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus denti Mona Monkey, Lowe's Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus lowei Mona Monkey, Wolf's Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus wolfi
Vervets & Monkeys
Grivet Cercopithecidae Chlorocebus aethiops Malbrouck Cercopithecidae Chlorocebus cynosuros Monkey, Green Cercopithecidae Chlorocebus sabaeus Monkey, Patas Cercopithecidae Erythrocebus patas Monkey, Tantalus Cercopithecidae Chlorocebus tantalus
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Vervets & Monkeys cont...
Monkey, Vervet Cercopithecidae Chlorocebus pygerythrus Vervet, Bale Mountains Cercopithecidae Chlorocebus djamdjamensis
Magabeys
Mangabey, Black Cercopithecidae Lophocebus aterrimus Mangabey, Gray-Cheeked Cercopithecidae Lophocebus albigena Mangabey, Opdenbosch's Cercopithecidae Lophocebus opdenboschi
Macaques
Macaque, Assam Cercopithecidae Macaca assamensis Macaque, Barbary Cercopithecidae Macaca sylvanus Macaque, Bonnet Cercopithecidae Macaca radiata Macaque, Booted Cercopithecidae Macaca ochreata Macaque, Celebes Crested Cercopithecidae Macaca nigra Macaque, Crab-Eating Cercopithecidae Macaca fascicularis Macaque, Formosan Rock Cercopithecidae Macaca cyclopis Macaque, Gorontalo Cercopithecidae Macaca nigrescens Macaque, Heck's Cercopithecidae Macaca hecki Macaque, Japanese Cercopithecidae Macaca fuscata Macaque, Long-Tailed Cercopithecidae Macaca silenus Macaque, Moor Cercopithecidae Macaca maura Macaque, Northern Pig-Tailed Cercopithecidae Macaca leonina Macaque, Pagai Island Cercopithecidae Macaca pagensis Macaque, Rhesus Cercopithecidae Macaca mulatta Macaque, Sierut Cercopithecidae Macaca siberu Macaque, Southern Pig-Tailed Cercopithecidae Macaca nemestrina (or Beruk) Macaque, Stump-Tailed Cercopithecidae Macaca arctoides Macaque, Tibetan Cercopithecidae Macaca thibetana Macaque, Toque Cercopithecidae Macaca sinica Macaque, Tonkean Cercopithecidae Macaca tonkeana
Mandrills
Drill Cercopithecidae Mandrillus leucophaeus Mandrill Cercopithecidae Mandrillus sphinx
Talapoins
Talapoin Cercopithecidae Miopithecus talapoin Talapoin, Gabon Cercopithecidae Miopithecus ogouensis
Baboons
Baboon, Olive Cercopithecidae Papio anubis Baboon, Yellow Cercopithecidae Papio cynocephalus Baboon, Hamadryas Cercopithecidae Papio hamadryas Baboon, Guinea Cercopithecidae Papio papio
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Baboons cont...
Baboon, Chacma Cercopithecidae Papio ursinus
Gelada
Gelada Cercopithecidae Theropithecus gelada
Colobus
Colobus, Angola Cercopithecidae Colobus angolensis Colobus, Black Cercopithecidae Colobus satanas Colobus, King Cercopithecidae Colobus polykomos Colobus, Ursine Cercopithecidae Colobus vellerosus
Guereza
Guereza, Mantled Cercopithecidae Colobus guereza
Monkey, Proboscis
Monkey, Proboscis Cercopithecidae Nasalis larvatus
Red Colubus
Red Colobus, Central African Cercopithecidae Piliocolobus foai Red Colobus, Pennant's Cercopithecidae Piliocolobus pennantii Red Colobus, Preuss' Cercopithecidae Piliocolobus preussi Red Colobus, Tana River Cercopithecidae Piliocolobus rufomitratus Red Colobus, Thollon's Cercopithecidae Piliocolobus tholloni Red Colobus, Udzungwa Cercopithecidae Piliocolobus gordonorum Red Colobus, Ugandan Cercopithecidae Piliocolobus tephrosceles Red Colobus, Western Cercopithecidae Piliocolobus badius Red Colobus, Zanzibar Cercopithecidae Piliocolobus kirkii
Surili
Surili, Banded Cercopithecidae Presbytis femoralis Surili, Javan Cercopithecidae Presbytis comata Surili, Natuna Island Cercopithecidae Presbytis natunae Surili, Sarawak Cercopithecidae Presbytis chrysomelas Surili, Sumatran Cercopithecidae Presbytis melalophos Surili, White-Fronted Cercopithecidae Presbytis frontata Surili, White-Thighed Cercopithecidae Presbytis siamensis
Langurs
Langur, Hose's Cercopithecidae Presbytis hosei Langur, Maroon Leaf Cercopithecidae Presbytis rubicunda Langur, Mentawai (or Joja) Cercopithecidae Presbytis potenziani Langur, Thomas' Cercopithecidae Presbytis thomasi
Olive Colobus
Olive Colobus Cercopithecidae Procolobus verus
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Douc Langurs
Douc Langur Cercopithecidae Pygathrix nemaeus Douc Langur, Black-Shanked Cercopithecidae Pygathrix nigripes Douc Langur, Gray-Shanked Cercopithecidae Pygathrix cinerea
Snub-Nosed Monkeys
Snub-Nosed Monkey, Black Cercopithecidae Rhinopithecus bieti Snub-Nosed Monkey, Golden Cercopithecidae Rhinopithecus roxellana Snub-Nosed Monkey, Gray Cercopithecidae Rhinopithecus brelichi Snub-Nosed Monkey, Tonkin Cercopithecidae Rhinopithecus avunculus
Gray Langurs
Gray Langur, Black-Footed Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus hypoleucos Gray Langur, Kashmir Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus ajax Gray Langur, Nepal Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus schistaceus Gray Langur, Northern Plains Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus entellus Gray Langur, Southern Plains Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus dussumieri Gray Langur, Tarai Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus hector Gray Langur, Tufted Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus priam
Simakobou
Simakobou Cercopithecidae Simias concolor
Lutung
Lutung, Delacour's Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus delacouri Lutung, Indochinese Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus germaini Lutung, Javan Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus auratus Lutung, Silvery Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus cristatus Lutung,
Tenasserim
Tenasserim Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus barbei
Langurs
Langur, Capped Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus pileatus Langur, Francois' Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus francoisi Langur, Gee's Golden Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus geei Langur, Hatinh Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus hatinhensis Langur, Indochinese Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus ebenus Langur, Loatian Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus laotum Langur, Nilgiri Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus johnii Langur, Purple-Faced Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus vetulus Langur, Shortridge's Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus shortridgei Langur, White-Headed Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus poliocephalus
Leaf Monkeys
Leaf Monkey, Dusky Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus obscurus Leaf Monkey, Phayre's Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus phayrei
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Cheirogaleids
Dwarf Lemurs
Dwarf Lemur, Fat-Tailed Cheirogaleidae Cheirogaleus medius Dwarf Lemur, Furry-Eared Cheirogaleidae Cheirogaleus crossleyi Dwarf Lemur, Greater Cheirogaleidae Cheirogaleus major Dwarf Lemur, Greater Iron-Gray Cheirogaleidae Cheirogaleus ravus Dwarf Lemur, Hairy-Eared Cheirogaleidae Allocebus trichotis Dwarf Lemur, Lesser Iron-Gray Cheirogaleidae Cheirogaleus minusculus Dwarf Lemur, Sibree's Cheirogaleidae Cheirogaleus sibreei Dwarf Lemur, Southern Fat-Tailed Cheirogaleidae Cheirogaleus adipicaudatus
Mouse Lemurs
Mouse Lemur, Brown Cheirogaleidae Microcebus rufus Mouse Lemur, Coquerel's Giant Cheirogaleidae Mirza coquereli Mouse Lemur, Golden-Brown Cheirogaleidae Microcebus ravelobensis Mouse Lemur, Gray Cheirogaleidae Microcebus murinus Mouse Lemur, Madame Berthe's Cheirogaleidae Microcebus berthae Mouse Lemur, Northern Rufous Cheirogaleidae Microcebus tavaratra Mouse Lemur, Pygmy Cheirogaleidae Microcebus myoxinus Mouse Lemur, Reddish-Gray Cheirogaleidae Microcebus griseorufus Mouse Lemur, Sambirano Cheirogaleidae Microcebus sambiranensis
Fork-Crowned Lemurs
Fork-Crowned Lemur, Masoala Cheirogaleidae Phaner furcifer Fork-Crowned Lemur, Mt. d'Ambre Cheirogaleidae Phaner electromontis Fork-Crowned Lemur, Pale Cheirogaleidae Phaner pallescens Fork-Crowned Lemur, Pariente's Cheirogaleidae Phaner parienti
Aye Aye
Aye Aye Daubentoniidae Daubentonia madagascariensis
Bushbabies
Bushbabies
Bushbaby, Bioko Allen's Galagidae Galago alleni Bushbaby, Cross River Galagidae Galago cameronensis Bushbaby, Dusky Galagidae Galago matschiei Bushbaby, Gabon Galagidae Galago gabonensis Bushbaby, Grant's Galagidae Galago granti Bushbaby, Malawi Galagidae Galago nyasae Bushbaby, Mohol Galagidae Galago moholi Bushbaby, Prince Demidoff's Galagidae Galago demidoff Bushbaby, Rondo Galagidae Galago rondoensis Bushbaby, Senegal Galagidae Galago senegalensis Bushbaby, Somali Galagidae Galago gallarum
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Bushbabies cont...
Bushbaby, Thomas' Galagidae Galago thomasi Bushbaby, Uluguru Galagidae Galago orinus Bushbaby, Zanzibar Galagidae Galago zanzibaricus
Needle-Clawed Bushbabies
Needle-Clawed Bushbaby, Northern Galagidae Euoticus pallidus Needle-Clawed Bushbaby, Southern Galagidae Euoticus elegantulus
Galagos
Galago, Brown Greater Galagidae Otolemur crassicaudatus Galago, Northern Greater Galagidae Otolemur garnettii Galago, Silvery Greater Galagidae Otolemur monteiri
Hominids
Bonobo Hominidae Pan paniscus Chimpanzee Hominidae Pan troglodytes Gorilla, Eastern (Mountain) Hominidae Gorilla beringei Gorilla, Western (Lowland) Hominidae Gorilla gorilla Orangutan, Bornean Hominidae Pongo pygmaeus Orangutan, Sumatran Hominidae Pongo abelii
Gibbons
n/a Hylobatidae Hylobates albibarbis Gibbon, Agile Hylobatidae Hylobates agilis Gibbon, Black Crested Hylobatidae Nomascus concolor Gibbon, Hainan Black-Crested Hylobatidae Nomascus hainanus Gibbon, Hoolock Hylobatidae Bunopithecus hoolock Gibbon, Kloss' Hylobatidae Hylobates klossii Gibbon, Lar Hylobatidae Hylobates lar Gibbon, Müller's Bornean Hylobatidae Hylobates muelleri Gibbon, Northern White-Cheeked Hylobatidae Nomascus leucogenys Gibbon, Pileated Hylobatidae Hylobates pileatus Gibbon, Silvery Hylobatidae Hylobates moloch Gibbon, Southern White-Cheeked Hylobatidae Nomascus siki Gibbon, Yellow-Cheeked Hylobatidae Nomascus gabriellae Siamang Hylobatidae Symphalangus syndactylus
Indrids
Woolly Lemurs
Woolly Lemur, Eastern Indriidae Avahi laniger Woolly Lemur, Sambirano Indriidae Avahi unicolor Woolly Lemur, Western Indriidae Avahi occidentalis
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Indri
Indri Indriidae Indri indri
Sifaka
Sifaka, Coquerel's Indriidae Propithecus coquereli Sifaka, Diademed Indriidae Propithecus diadema Sifaka, Golden-Crowned Indriidae Propithecus tattersalli Sifaka, Milne-Edward's Indriidae Propithecus edwardsi Sifaka, Perrier's Indriidae Propithecus perrieri Sifaka, Van der Decken's Indriidae Propithecus deckenii Sifaka, Verreaux's Indriidae Propithecus verreauxi
Lemurids
Lemurs
Lemur, Black Lemuridae Eulemur macaco Lemur, Collared Brown Lemuridae Eulemur collaris Lemur, Common Brown Lemuridae Eulemur fulvus Lemur, Crowned Lemuridae Eulemur coronatus Lemur, Gray-Headed Lemuridae Eulemur cinereiceps Lemur, Mongoose Lemuridae Eulemur mongoz Lemur, Red Lemuridae Eulemur rufus Lemur, Red-Bellied (or Red-Fronted) Lemuridae Eulemur rubriventer Lemur, Ring-Tailed Lemuridae Lemur catta Lemur, Sanford's Brown Lemuridae Eulemur sanfordi Lemur, White-Headed Lemuridae Eulemur albifrons Lemur, White-Collared Brown Lemuridae Eulemur albocollaris
Bamboo Lemurs
Bamboo Lemur, Eastern Lesser Lemuridae Hapalemur griseus Bamboo Lemur, Golden Lemuridae Hapalemur aureus Bamboo Lemur, Greater Lemuridae Prolemur simus Bamboo Lemur, Lac Alaotra Gentle Lemuridae Hapalemur alaotrensis (or Bandro) Bamboo Lemur, Western Lesser Lemuridae Hapalemur occidentalis
Ruffed Lemurs
Ruffed Lemur, Black-and-White Lemuridae Varecia variegata Ruffed Lemur, Red Lemuridae Varecia rubra
Sportive Lemurs
Sportive Lemur, Ankarana Lepilemuridae Lepilemur ankaranensis Sportive Lemur, Gray-Backed Lepilemuridae Lepilemur dorsalis Sportive Lemur, Milne-Edwards' Lepilemuridae Lepilemur edwardsi Sportive Lemur, Northern Lepilemuridae Lepilemur septentrionalis Sportive Lemur, Red-Tailed Lepilemuridae Lepilemur ruficaudatus
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Sportive Lemurs cont…
Sportive Lemur, Small-Toothed Lepilemuridae Lepilemur microdon Sportive Lemur, Weasel Lepilemuridae Lepilemur mustelinus Sportive Lemur, White-Footed Lepilemuridae Lepilemur leucopus
Lorids
Angwantibo
Angwantibo, Calabar Lorisidae Arctocebus calabarensis Angwantibo, Golden Lorisidae Arctocebus aureus
Slender Loris
Slender Loris, Gray Lorisidae Loris lydekkerianus Slender Loris, Red Lorisidae Loris tardigradus
Loris
Loris, Bengal Slow Lorisidae Nycticebus bengalensis Loris, Pygmy Slow Lorisidae Nycticebus pygmaeus Loris, Sunda Lorisidae Nycticebus coucang
Potto
Potto Lorisidae Perodicticus potto Potto, False Lorisidae Pseudopotto martini
Pithecids
Titis
Titi, Ashy Black Pitheciidae Callicebus cinerascens Titi, Atlantic Pitheciidae Callicebus personatus Titi, Baptista Lake Pitheciidae Callicebus baptista Titi, Barbara Brown's Pitheciidae Callicebus barbarabrownae Titi, Black Pitheciidae Callicebus lugens Titi, Black-Fronted Pitheciidae Callicebus nigrifrons Titi, Brown Pitheciidae Callicebus brunneus Titi, Chestnut-Bellied Pitheciidae Callicebus caligatus Titi, Coastal Black-Handed Pitheciidae Callicebus melanochir Titi, Coimbra Filho's Pitheciidae Callicebus coimbrai Titi, Collared Pitheciidae Callicebus torquatus Titi, Colombian Black-Handed Pitheciidae Callicebus medemi Titi, Coppery Pitheciidae Callicebus cupreus Titi, Hershkovitz's Pitheciidae Callicebus dubius Titi, Hoffmanns' Pitheciidae Callicebus hoffmannsi Titi, Lucifer Pitheciidae Callicebus lucifer Titi, Ollala Brothers' Pitheciidae Callicebus olallae Titi, Ornate Pitheciidae Callicebus ornatus Titi, Prince Bernhard's Pitheciidae Callicebus bernhardi
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 16 of 50
Titis cont…
Titi, Red-Bellied Pitheciidae Callicebus moloch Titi, Red-Headed Pitheciidae Callicebus regulus Titi, Rio Beni Pitheciidae Callicebus modestus Titi, Rio Mayo Pitheciidae Callicebus oenanthe Titi, Rio Purus Pitheciidae Callicebus purinus Titi, Stephen Nash's Pitheciidae Callicebus stephennashi Titi, White-Coated Pitheciidae Callicebus pallescens Titi, White-Eared Pitheciidae Callicebus donacophilus Titi, White-Tailed Pitheciidae Callicebus discolor
Uakari
Ukari, Red Pitheciidae Cacajao calvus Ukari, Black Pitheciidae Cacajao melanocephalus
Bearded Saki
Bearded Saki, Black Pitheciidae Chiropotes satanas Bearded Saki, Brown-Backed Pitheciidae Chiropotes israelita Bearded Saki, Red-Backed Pitheciidae Chiropotes chiropotes Bearded Saki, Uta Hick's Pitheciidae Chiropotes utahickae Bearded Saki, White-Nosed Pitheciidae Chiropotes albinasus
Saki
Saki, Equatorial Pitheciidae Pithecia aequatorialis Saki, Monk Pitheciidae Pithecia monachus Saki, Rio Tapajós Pitheciidae Pithecia irrorata Saki, White-Faced Pitheciidae Pithecia pithecia Saki, White-Footed Pitheciidae Pithecia albicans
Tarsiers
Tarsier, Dian's Tarsiidae Tarsius dentatus Tarsier, Peleng Tarsiidae Tarsius pelengensis Tarsier, Philippine Tarsiidae Tarsius syrichta Tarsier, Pygmy Tarsiidae Tarsius pumilus Tarsier, Sangihe Tarsiidae Tarsius sangirensis Tarsier, Spectral Tarsiidae Tarsius tarsier Tarsier, Western (or Horsfield's) Tarsiidae Tarsius bancanus
Proboscidae (Elephants)
Elephant, Asiatic Elephantidae Elephas maximus Elephant, African Bush Elephantidae Loxodonta africana Elephant, African Forest Elephantidae Loxodonta cyclotis
Common Name Family Genus Species
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 17 of 50
List of Controlled Alien Species
Prohibited Reptiles by Common Name -848 species-
(Updated December 2009)
Common Name Family Genus Species
Crocodilia (Crocodiles, Alligators, Caimans, and Gharials)
Crocodylidae
Alligators
Alligator, American Crocodylidae Alligator mississippiensis
Alligator, Chinese Crocodylidae Alligator sinensis
Caimans
Caiman, Black Crocodylidae Melanosuchus niger
Caiman, Broad-Snouted Crocodylidae Caiman latirostris
Caiman, Cuvier's Dwarf Crocodylidae Paleosuchus palpebrosus
Caiman, Spectacled Crocodylidae Caiman crocodilus
Caiman, Yacare Crocodylidae Caiman yacare
Crocodiles
Crocodile, African Slender-Snouted Crocodylidae Mecistops cataphractus
Crocodile, American Crocodylidae Crocodylus acutus
Crocodile, Belize (also Morelet's) Crocodylidae Crocodylus moreletii
Crocodile, Cuban Crocodylidae Crocodylus rhombifer
Crocodile, Estuarine (also Freshwater) Crocodylidae Crocodylus porosus
Crocodile, Johnston's Crocodylidae Crocodylus johnsoni
Crocodile, Marsh (also Mugger) Crocodylidae Crocodylus palustris
Crocodile, New Guinea Crocodylidae Crocodylus novaeguineae
Crocodile, Nile Crocodylidae Crocodylus niloticus
Crocodile, Orinoco Crocodylidae Crocodylus intermedius
Crocodile, Philippine Crocodylidae Crocodylus mindorensis
Crocodile, Siamese Crocodylidae Crocodylus siamensis
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 18 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Gharials
Gharial Crocodylidae Gavialis gangeticus
Gharial , False Crocodylidae Tomistoma schlegelii
Dwarf Crocodiles
Dwarf Crocodile, African Crocodylidae Osteolaemus tetraspis (or broad-nosed)
Dwarf Caimans
Dwarf caiman, Schneider's Crocodylidae Paleosuchus trigonatus
Squamata – Autarchoglossa (Lizards)
Monitor Lizards
Komodo Dragon Varanidae Varanus komodoensis
Monitor, Black-throated Varanidae Varanus albigularis
Monitor, Nile Varanidae Varanus niloticus
Monitor, Ornate Nile Varanidae Varanus ornatus (also Forest-Inhabiting Nile Monitor)
Monitor, Perentie Varanidae Varanus giganteus
Monitor, Variegated (also Lace) Varanidae Varanus varius
Monitor, Water (Lace) Varanidae Varanus salvator
Monitor, Bengal Varanidae Varanus bengalensis
Monitor, Crocodile Varanidae Varanus salvadorii
Squamata – Autarchoglossa (Lizards) - Venemous
Beaded Lizards
Beaded Lizard, Mexican Helodermatidae Heloderma horridum
Gila Monster Helodermatidae Heloderma suspectum
Squamata – Serpentes (Snakes)
Boas
Anaconda, Dark-Spotted Boidae Eunectes deschauenseei
n/a Boidae Eunectes beniensis
Anaconda, Green Keelback Boidae Eunectes murinus
(also Gunung Murud Keelback)
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 19 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Boas cont…
Anaconda, Yellow Boidae Eunectes notaeus
Boa, Cuban Boidae Epicrates angulifer
Pythons
Morelia Pythons
Python, Australian Scrub Pythonidae Morelia kinghorni
Python, Boelen's Pythonidae Morelia boeleni
Python, New Guinea Amethystine Pythonidae Morelia amethistina
Python, Oenpelli Pythonidae Morelia oenpelliensis
Python, Seram Scrub Pythonidae Morelia clastolepis
Pythons
Python, African Rock Pythonidae Python sebae
Python, Indian Pythonidae Python molurus (Includes Burmese and Asian Rock Pythons)
Python, Reticulated Pythonidae Python reticulatus
Python, Southern African Rock Pythonidae Python natalensis
Squamata – Serpentes (Snakes) - Venemous
Mole Vipers, Stiletto Snakes, Burrowing Asps
Glossy Snakes
Purple-Glossed Snake, Common Atractaspididae Amblyodipsas polylepis
Purple-Glossed Snake, Dull (or Western) Atractaspididae Amblyodipsas unicolor
Purple-Glossed Snake, Eastern Atractaspididae Amblyodipsas micrphthalma
Purple-Glossed Snake, Kalahari Atractaspididae Amblyodipsas ventrimaculata
Purple-Glossed Snake, Katanga Atractaspididae Amblyodipsas katangensis
Purple-Glossed Snake, Mpwapwa Atractaspididae Amblyodipsas dimidiata
Purple-Glossed Snake, Natal Atractaspididae Amblyodipsas concolor
Purple-Glossed Snake, Rodhain's Atractaspididae Amblyodipsas rodhaini
Purple-Glossed Snake, Teitana Atractaspididae Amblyodipsas teitana
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 20 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Centipede Eaters
Centipede Eater, Aparallactus Niger Atractaspididae Aparallactus niger
Cenitpede Eater, Black Atractaspididae Aparallactus guentheri
Centipede Eater, Cape Atractaspididae Aparallactus capensis
Centipede Eater, Jackson's Atractaspididae Aparallactus jacksonii
Centipede Eater, Lined Atractaspididae Aparallactus lineatus
Centipede Eater, Malindi Atractaspididae Aparallactus turneri
Centipede Eater, Mozambique Atractaspididae Aparallactus nigriceps
Centipede Eater, Reticulated Atractaspididae Aparallactus lunulatus
Centipede Eater, Usambara Atractaspididae Aparallactus werneri
Centipede Eater, Western Forest Atractaspididae Aparallactus modestus
Centipede Eater, Zaire Atractaspididae Aparallactus moeruensis
Burrowing Asps & Stiletto Snakes
Burrowing Asp, Duerden's (or beaked) Atractaspididae Atractaspis duerdeni
Burrowing Asp, Eastern Congo Atractaspididae Atractaspis congica
Burrowing Asp, Sahelian Atractaspididae Atractaspis micropholis
Burrowing Asp, Small-Scaled Atractaspididae Atractaspis microlepidota
Burrowing Asp, Southern (or Bibron's) Atractaspididae Atractaspis bibronii
Burrowing Asp, Watson's Atractaspididae Atractaspis watsoni
Mole Viper, Atractaspis battersbyi Atractaspididae Atractaspis battersbyi
Mole Viper, Atractaspis boulengeri Atractaspididae Atractaspis boulengeri
Mole Viper, Atractaspis coalescens Atractaspididae Atractaspis coalescens
Mole Viper, Atractaspis corpulenta Atractaspididae Atractaspis corpulenta
Mole Viper, Atractaspis dahomeyensis Atractaspididae Atractaspis dahomeyensis
Mole Viper, Atractaspis enghahli Atractaspididae Atractaspis enghahli
Mole Viper, Atractaspis fallax Atractaspididae Atractaspis fallax
Mole Viper, Atractaspis irregularis Atractaspididae Atractaspis irregularis
Mole Viper, Atractaspis leucomelas Atractaspididae Atractaspis leucomelas
Mole Viper, Atractaspis reticulata Atractaspididae Atractaspis reticulata
Mole Viper, Atractaspis scorteccii Atractaspididae Atractaspis scorteccii
Mole Viper, Israeli Atractaspididae Atractaspis engaddensis
Mole Viper (or slender burrowing asp) Atractaspididae Atractaspis aterrima
Revoli’s Short Snake
Revoil's Short Snake Atractaspididae Brachyophis revoili
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 21 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Two-headed Snakes
Burrowing Snake, Atractaspididae Chilorhinophis gerardi Gerard's Black and Yellow
Two-Headed Snake, Butler's Atractaspididae Chilorhinophis butleri
Two-Headed Snake, Kenya Atractaspididae Micrelaps bicoloratus
Two-Headed Snake, Liwale Atractaspididae Chilorhinophis carpenteri
Two-Headed Snake, Somali Atractaspididae Micrelaps vaillanti
n/a Atractaspididae Micrelaps muelleri
n/a Atractaspididae Micrelaps tchernovi
Jan’s Snake
Jan's Snake Atractaspididae Elapotinus picteti
Harlequin Snakes
Harlequin Snake, Spotted Atractaspididae Homoroselaps lacteus
Harlequin Snake, Striped Atractaspididae Homoroselaps dorsalis (also Striped Dwarf Garter Snake)
African BigHeaded Snake
African Bigheaded Snake Atractaspididae Hypoptohpis wilsoni
Natal Black Snake
Natal Black Snake Atractaspididae Marcrelaps microlepidotus
Snake-Eaters
Snake-Eater, African Atractaspididae Polemon fulvicollis
Snake-Eater, Bocourt's Atractaspididae Polemon bocourti
Snake-Eater, Cameroon Atractaspididae Polemon griseiceps
Snake-Eater, Collared Atractaspididae Polemon collaris
Snake-Eater, Eastern Atractaspididae Polemon christyi
Snake-Eater, Gaboon Atractaspididae Polemon gabonensis
Snake-Eater, Graceful Atractaspididae Polemon gracilis
Snake-Eater, Guinea Atractaspididae Polemon barthii
Snake-Eater, Ivory Coast Atractaspididae Polemon neuwiedi (also Neuwied's Polemon)
Snake-Eater, Reinhardt's Atractaspididae Polemon acanthias
Snake-Eater, Zaire Atractaspididae Polemon robustus
n/a Atractaspididae Polemon leopoldi
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Snake-Eaters cont…
n/a Atractaspididae Polemon notatum
Quill-Snouted Snakes
Quill-Snouted Snake, Elongated Atractaspididae Xenocalamus mechowii
Quill-Snouted Snake, Michell's Atractaspididae Xenocalamus michellii
Quill-Snouted Snake, Sabi Atractaspididae Xenocalamus sabiensis
Quill-Snouted Snake, Slender Atractaspididae Xenocalamus bicolor
Quill-Snouted Snake, Transvaal Atractaspididae Xenocalamus transvaalensis
n/a Atractaspididae Xenocalamus mechowi
Colubrid Snakes
Cat Snakes
Cat Snake, Andaman Colubridae Boiga andamanensis
Cat Snake, Banded Colubridae Boiga saengsomi
Cat Snake, Beddome's Colubridae Boiga beddomei
Cat Snake, Black-Headed Colubridae Boiga nigriceps
Cat Snake, Bourret's Colubridae Boiga bourreti
Cat Snake, Brown Colubridae Boiga irregularis
(also Brown Tree Snake)
Cat Snake, Dog-Toothed Colubridae Boiga cynodon
Cat Snake, Fishcer's Colubridae Boiga pulverulenta
Cat Snake, Forsten's Colubridae Boiga forsteni
Cat Snake, Gold-Ringed (also Mangrove) Colubridae Boiga dendrophila
Cat Snake, Gray (also Eyed) Colubridae Boiga siamensis
Cat Snake, Green Colubridae Boiga cyanea
Cat Snake, Jasper Colubridae Boiga jaspidea
Cat Snake, Kelung Colubridae Boiga kraepelini
Cat Snake, Leyte Colubridae Boiga angulata
Cat Snake, Many-Spotted Colubridae Boiga multomaculata
Cat Snake, Nicobar Colubridae Boiga wallachi
Cat Snake, Philippine Colubridae Boiga philippina
Cat Snake, Pirmad Colubridae Boiga dightoni
Cat Snake, Sri Lanka Colubridae Boiga ceylonensis
Cat Snake, Tanahjampea Colubridae Boiga tanahjampeana
Cat Snake, Tawny Colubridae Boiga ochracea
Cat Snake, White-Spotted Colubridae Boiga drapiezii
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Cat Snakes cont…
Gamma Snake, Indian Colubridae Boiga trigonata
Tree Snake, Arrowback Colubridae Boiga gokool
Tree Snake, Blandings Colubridae Boiga blandingii
Tree Snake, Many-Banded Colubridae Boiga multifasciata
n/a Colubridae Boiga barnesii
n/a Colubridae Boiga bengkuluensis
n/a Colubridae Boiga guangxiensis
n/a Colubridae Boiga nuchalis
n/a Colubridae Boiga quincunciata
n/a Colubridae Boiga ranawanei
n/a Colubridae Boiga schultzei
Boomslang
Boomslang Colubridae Dispholidus typus
Diadem & Lizard-Eating Snakes
Diadem Snake, Dumeri's Colubridae Elapomorphus lemniscatus
Diadem Snake, Spegazzini's Colubridae Elapomorphus spegazzinii
Gerais Snake, Minas Colubridae Elapomorphus lepidus
Lizard-Eating Snake, Raddi's Colubridae Elapomorphus quinquelineatus
Lizard-Eating Snake, Wucherer's Colubridae Elapomorphus wuchereri
False Water Cobra
False Water Cobra Colubridae Hydrodynastes gigas
Parrot Snakes
Parrot Snake Colubridae Leptophis ahaetulla
Parrot Snake, Cloud Forest Colubridae Leptophis modestus
Parrot Snake, Cope's Colubridae Leptophis depressirostris
Parrot Snake, Copper Colubridae Leptophis cupreus
Parrot Snake, Despax's Colubridae Leptophis riveti
Parrot Snake, Mexican Colubridae Leptophis mexicanus
Parrot Snake, Oliver's Colubridae Leptophis nebulosus
Parrot Snake, Pacific Coast Colubridae Leptophis diplotropis
n/a Colubridae Leptophis santamartensis
n/a Colubridae Leptophis stimsoni
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 24 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Phalotris Snakes
Phalotris Colubridae Phalotris bilineatus
n/a Colubridae Phalotris concolor
n/a Colubridae Phalotris cuyanus
n/a Colubridae Phalotris labiomaculatus
n/a Colubridae Phalotris lativittatus
n/a Colubridae Phalotris matogrossensis
n/a Colubridae Phalotris mertensi
n/a Colubridae Phalotris multipunctatus
n/a Colubridae Phalotris nasutus
n/a Colubridae Phalotris nigrilatus
n/a Colubridae Phalotris punctatus
n/a Colubridae Phalotris tricolor
Green Snakes
Green Racer, Arnaldo's Colubridae Philodryas arnaldoi
Green Racer, Baron's Colubridae Philodryas baroni
Green Racer, Brazilian Colubridae Philodryas aestiva (also Common Green) Racer
Green Racer, Chilean Colubridae Philodryas chamissonis
Green Racer, Common Colubridae Philodryas viridissma
Green Racer, Gomes Colubridae Philodryas oligolepis
Green Racer, Günther's Colubridae Philodryas psammophidea
Green Racer, Jan's Colubridae Philodryas varius
Green Racer, Lichtenstein's Colubridae Philodryas olfersii
Green Racer, Miranda Colubridae Philodryas mattogrossensis
Green Racer, Paraguay Colubridae Philodryas nattereri
Green Racer, Patagonia Colubridae Philodryas patagniensis
Green Racer, Schmidt's Colubridae Philodryas tachymenoides
Green Racer, Tropical Colubridae Philodryas inca
n/a Colubridae Philodryas boliviana
n/a Colubridae Philodryas cordata
n/a Colubridae Philodryas hoodensis
n/a Colubridae Philodryas laticeps
n/a Colubridae Philodryas livida
n/a Colubridae Philodryas simonsii
n/a Colubridae Philodryas trilineata
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 25 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Fanged Water Snake
Fanged Water Snake Colubridae Ptychophis flavovirgatus
Keelback Snakes
Keelback, Boettger's Colubridae Rhabdophis callistus
Keelback, Boie's Colubridae Rhabdophis spilogaster
Keelback, Green (also Banded) Colubridae Rhabdophis nigrocinctus
Keelback, Günther's Colubridae Rhabdophis chrysargoides
Keelback, Hubei Colubridae Rhabdophis nuchalis
Keelback, Leonard's Colubridae Rhabdophis leonardi
Keelback, Orange-Collared Colubridae Rhabdophis himalayanus
Keelback, Red-Bellied Colubridae Rhabdophis conspicillatus
Keelback, Red-Necked Colubridae Rhabdophis subminiatus
Keelback, Specklebelly Colubridae Rhabdophis chrysargos
Keelback, Taiwan Colubridae Rhabdophis swinhonis
Keelback, Tiger Colubridae Rhabdophis tigrinus
Muruden Colubridae Rhabdophis murudensis n/a Colubridae Rhabdophis adleri
n/a Colubridae Rhabdophis angeli
n/a Colubridae Rhabdophis auriculata
n/a Colubridae Rhabdophis barbouri
n/a Colubridae Rhabdophis callichroma
n/a Colubridae Rhabdophis lineatus
Slender Snakes (also Short-tailed Snakes)
Slender Snake Colubridae Tachymenis tarmensis
Slender Snake, Boulenger's Colubridae Tachymenis affinis
Slender Snake, Chilean Colubridae Tachymenis chilensis
Slender Snake, Depax's Colubridae Tachymenis elongata
Slender Snake, Peru Colubridae Tachymenis peruviana
Slender Snake, Walker's Colubridae Tachymenis attenuata
n/a Colubridae Tachymenis surinamensis
Twig Snakes
Vine Snake, Forest Colubridae Thelotornis kirtlandii (also Bird or Twig Snake)
Twig Snake (also Vine Snake) Colubridae Thelotornis capensis
n/a Colubridae Thelotornis usambaricus
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 26 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
False Fer-De-Lances
False Fer-De-Lance Colubridae Xenodon rabdocephalus
False Fer-De-Lance, Amazon Colubridae Xenodon severus
False Fer-De-Lance, Günther's Colubridae Xenodon guentheri
False Fer-De-Lance, Neuwied's Colubridae Xenodon neuwiedii
n/a Colubridae Xenodon werneri
Pit Vipers & Rattlesnakes
Moccasins, Copperheads & Cantils
Cantil Crotalidae Agkistrodon bilineatus
Copperhead Crotalidae Agkistrodon contortrix
Cottonmouth (also Water Moccasin) Crotalidae Agkistrodon piscivorus
n/a Crotalidae Agkistrodon taylori
Jumping Pit Vipers
Pit Viper, Jumping Crotalidae Atropoides nummifer
Pit Viper, Olmecan Crotalidae Atropoides olmec
Pit Viper, Picado's Crotalidae Atropoides picadoi
n/a Crotalidae Atropoides indomitus
n/a Crotalidae Atropoides mexicanus
n/a Crotalidae Atropoides occiduus
Palm Pit Vipers
Palm Pit Viper, Black-Speckled Crotalidae Bothriechis nigroviridis
Palm Pit Viper, Coffee Crotalidae Bothriechis lateralis
Palm Pit Viper, March's Crotalidae Bothriechis marchi
Palm Pit Viper, Rowley's Crotalidae Bothriechis rowleyi
Pit Viper, Yellow-Blotched Crotalidae Bothriechis aurifer
Viper, Eyelash Crotalidae Bothriechis schlegelii
n/a Crotalidae Bothriechis thalassinus
Forest Pit Vipers
Forest Pit Viper, Chocoan Crotalidae Bothriopsis punctata
Forest Pit Viper, Inca Crotalidae Bothriopsis oligolepis
Forest Pit Viper, Speckled Crotalidae Bothriopsis taeniata
Forest Pit Viper, Venezuela Crotalidae Bothriopsis medusa
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Forest Pit Vipers cont…
Jararaca, Green Crotalidae Bothriopsis bilineata
Palm Pit Viper, Guatemala Crotalidae Bothriechis bicolor
n/a Crotalidae Bothriopsis chloromelas
n/a Crotalidae Bothriopsis pulchra
Bothrocophias Vipers
n/a Crotalidae Bothrocophias campbelli
n/a Crotalidae Bothrocophias hyoprora
n/a Crotalidae Bothrocophias microphthalmus
n/a Crotalidae Bothrocophias myersi
Lanceheads
Barba Amarilla Crotalidae Bothrops atrox (also Fer-De-Lance Or Common Lancehead)
Cotiara Crotalidae Bothrops cotiara
Jararaca Crotalidae Bothrops jararaca
Jararacussu Crotalidae Bothrops jararacussu
Lancehead, Andean Crotalidae Bothrops andianus
Lancehead, Barnett's Crotalidae Bothrops barnetti
Lancehead, Bolivian Crotalidae Bothrops sanctaecrucis
Lancehead, Brazilian Crotalidae Bothrops moojeni
Lancehead, Brazil's Crotalidae Bothrops brazili
Lancehead, Caatinga Crotalidae Bothrops erythromelas
Lancehead, Desert Crotalidae Bothrops pictus
Lancehead, Fonseca's Crotalidae Bothrops fonsecai
Lancehead, Golden Crotalidae Bothrops insularis
Lancehead, Jonathan's Crotalidae Bothrops jonathani
Lancehead, Lojan Crotalidae Bothrops lojanus
Lancehead, Marajó Crotalidae Bothrops marajoensis
Lancehead, Marbled Crotalidae Bothrops marmoratus
Lancehead, Martinique Crotalidae Bothrops lanceolatus
Lancehead, Neuwiedi’s Crotalidae Bothrops neuwiedi
Lancehead, Piraja's Crotalidae Bothrops pirajai
Lancehead, Sao Paulo Crotalidae Bothrops itapetiningae
Lancehead, Sertao Crotalidae Bothrops lutzi
Lancehead, Venezuela Crotalidae Bothrops venezuelensis
Lancehead, Whitetail Crotalidae Bothrops leucurus
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 28 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Lanceheads cont…
Terciopelo Crotalidae Bothrops asper
Urutu Crotalidae Bothrops alternatus
Yararanata Crotalidae Bothrops ammodytoides
n/a Crotalidae Bothrops alcatraz
n/a Crotalidae Bothrops caribbaeus
n/a Crotalidae Bothrops colombianus
n/a Crotalidae Bothrops colombiensis
n/a Crotalidae Bothrops diporus
n/a Crotalidae Bothrops matogrossensis
n/a Crotalidae Bothrops muriciensis
n/a Crotalidae Bothrops pauloensis
n/a Crotalidae Bothrops pubescens
Malayan Pit Viper
Malayan Pit Viper Crotalidae Calloselasma rhodostoma
Montane Pitvipers
Montane Pitviper, Barbour's Crotalidae Cerrophidion barbouri
Montane Pitviper, Godman's Crotalidae Cerrophidion godmani
Montane Pitviper, Tzotzil Crotalidae Cerrophidion tzotzilorum
n/a Crotalidae Cerrophidion petlalcalensis
Rattlesnakes
Rattlesnake, Aruba Crotalidae Crotalus unicolor
Rattlesnake, Autlán Crotalidae Crotalus lannomi
Rattlesnake, Baja California Crotalidae Crotalus enyo
Rattlesnake, Balck-Tailed Crotalidae Crotalus molossus
Rattlesnake, Cross-Banded Mountain Crotalidae Crotalus transversus
Rattlesnake, Eastern Diamondback Crotalidae Crotalus adamanteus
Rattlesnake, Long-Tailed Crotalidae Crotalus stejnegeri
Rattlesnake, Mexican Lance-Headed Crotalidae Crotalus polystictus
Rattlesnake, Mexican Pigmy Crotalidae Crotalus ravus
Rattlesnake, Mexican Small-Headed Crotalidae Crotalus intermedius
Rattlesnake, Mexican Dusky Crotalidae Crotalus triseriatus
Rattlesnake, Mexican West Coast Crotalidae Crotalus basiliscus
Rattlesnake, Middle American Crotalidae Crotalus simus
Rattlesnake, Mohave Crotalidae Crotalus scutulatus
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Rattlesnakes cont…
Rattlesnake, Prairie Crotalidae Crotalus viridis
Rattlesnake, Querétaro Dusky Crotalidae Crotalus aquilus
Rattlesnake, Red Diamond Crotalidae Crotalus ruber
Rattlesnake, Ridge-Nosed Crotalidae Crotalus willardi
Rattlesnake, Rock Crotalidae Crotalus lepidus
Rattlesnake, Santa Catalina Crotalidae Crotalus catalinensis
Rattlesnake, South American Crotalidae Crotalus durissus
Rattlesnake, Speckled Crotalidae Crotalus mitchellii
Rattlesnake, Tancitaran Dusky Crotalidae Crotalus pusillus
Rattlesnake, Tiger Crotalidae Crotalus tigris
Rattlesnake, Timer Crotalidae Crotalus horridus
Rattlesnake, Tortuga Island Diamond Crotalidae Crotalus tortugensis
Rattlesnake, Totonacan Crotalidae Crotalus totonacus
Rattlesnake, Twin-Spotted Crotalidae Crotalus pricei
Rattlesnake, Uracoan Crotalidae Crotalus vegrandis
Rattlesnake, Western Diamondback Crotalidae Crotalus atrox
Sidewinder Crotalidae Crotalus cerastes
n/a Crotalidae Crotalus culminatus
n/a Crotalidae Crotalus ericsmithi
n/a Crotalidae Crotalus tancitarensis
n/a Crotalidae Crotalus tzabcan
Cryptelytrops Pitvipers
Pitviper, Anderson's Crotalidae Cryptelytrops andersonii
Pitviper, Banded Crotalidae Cryptelytrops fasciatus
Pitviper, Beautiful Crotalidae Cryptelytrops venustus
Pitviper, Cantor's Crotalidae Cryptelytrops cantori
Pitviper, Island (also Nicobar Bamboo) Crotalidae Cryptelytrops labialis
Pitviper, Kanburi Crotalidae Cryptelytrops kanburiensis
Pitviper, Kramer's (also Large-Eyed) Crotalidae Cryptelytrops macrops
Pitviper, Nepal Crotalidae Cryptelytrops septentrionalis
Pitviper, Redtail (also Bamboo) Crotalidae Cryptelytrops erythrurus
Pitviper, Shore (also Mangrove Viper) Crotalidae Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus
Tree Viper, White-Lipped (also Pitviper) Crotalidae Cryptelytrops albolabris
Viper, White-Lipped Island Crotalidae Cryptelytrops insularis
n/a Crotalidae Cryptelytrops honsonensis
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 30 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Chinese Moccasin (also Sharp-nosed Viper, Snorkel Viper or Hundred Pacer)
Chinese Moccasin Crotalidae Deinagkistrodon acutus
Mount Kinabalu Pitviper
Pitviper, Mount Kinabalu Crotalidae Garthius chaseni (also Chasen's Mountain)
Asian Moccasins
Mamushi, Japanese Crotalidae Gloydius blomhoffii
Mamushi, Rock Crotalidae Gloydius saxatilis
Mamushi, Short-Tailed Crotalidae Gloydius brevicaudus
Mamushi, Ussuri Crotalidae Gloydius ussuriensis
Pitviper, Central Asian Crotalidae Gloydius intermedius
Pitviper, Himalayan Crotalidae Gloydius himalayanus
Pitviper, Likiang Crotalidae Gloydius monticola
Pitviper, Shedao Island Crotalidae Gloydius shedaoensis
Pitviper, Siberian Crotalidae Gloydius halys
Pitviper, Strauch's Crotalidae Gloydius strauchi
Pitviper, Tsushima Island Crotalidae Gloydius tsushimaensis
Hump-Nosed Vipers
Hump-Nosed Viper Crotalidae Hypnale hypnale
Hump-Nosed Viper, Sri Lankan Crotalidae Hypnale nepa
Hump-Nosed Viper, Wall's Crotalidae Hypnale walli
Bushmasters
Bushmaster, Black-Headed Crotalidae Lachesis melanocephala
Bushmaster, Central American Crotalidae Lachesis stenophrys
Bushmaster, South American Crotalidae Lachesis muta
n/a Crotalidae Lachesis achrocorda
Mexican Horned Pit Vipers
Mexican Horned Pit Viper Crotalidae Ophryacus undulatus
Pit Viper, Mexican Black-Tailed Crotalidae Ophryacus melanurus
Mountain Pitvipers
Mountain Pitviper Crotalidae Ovophis monticola
Mountain Pitviper, Zayuan Crotalidae Ovophis zayuensis
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 31 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Mountain Pitvipers cont…
Pitviper, Okinawa Crotalidae Ovophis okinavensis
Pitviper, Tonkin Crotalidae Ovophis tonkinensis
Parias Pitvipers
Pitviper, Indonesian (also Hagen's) Crotalidae Parias hageni
Pitviper, Malcolm's Crotalidae Parias malcolmi
Pitviper, Philippine Crotalidae Parias flavomaculatus
Pitviper, Schultze's Crotalidae Parias schultzei
Pitviper, Sumatra Crotalidae Parias sumatranus
Large-Scale Pit Viper
Large-Scale Pit Viper Crotalidae Peltopelor macrolepis
Popeia Pitvipers
Bamboo Pitviper, Barat Crotalidae Popeia barati
Pitviper, Cameron Highlands Crotalidae Popeia nebularis
Pitviper, Fairy Crotalidae Popeia buniana
Pitviper, Sabah Bamboo Crotalidae Popeia sabahi
Pitviper, Siamese Peninsula Crotalidae Popeia fucata
Tree Viper, Pope's Crotalidae Popeia popeiorum (also Pope's Bamboo Pitviper)
Hognosed Pitvipers
Hognose Pitviper, Dunn's Crotalidae Porthidium dunni
Hognose Pitviper, Lansberg's Crotalidae Porthidium lansbergii
Hognose Pitviper, Rainforest Crotalidae Porthidium nasutum
Hognose Pitviper, Slender Crotalidae Porthidium ophryomegas
Hognose Pitviper, Ujarran Crotalidae Porthidium volcanicum
Hognose Pitviper, Yucatán Crotalidae Porthidium yucatanicum
Hognose Viper, Western Crotalidae Porthidium hespere
(also Colima Hognosed Pitviper)
n/a Crotalidae Porthidium porrasi
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 32 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Protobothrops Pitvipers
Habu Crotalidae Protobothrops flavoviridis
Habu, Tokara Crotalidae Protobothrops tokarensis
Pitviper, Brown Spotted Crotalidae Protobothrops mucrosquamatus
Pitviper, Elegant Crotalidae Protobothrops elegans
Pitviper, Horned Crotalidae Protobothrops cornutus
Pitviper, Jerdon's Crotalidae Protobothrops jerdonii
Pitviper, Kaulback's Lance-Headed Crotalidae Protobothrops kaulbacki
Pitviper, Szechwan (also Kham Plateau) Crotalidae Protobothrops xiangchengensis
Ground Rattlesnakes, Pigmy Rattlesnakes & Massasaugas
Pigmy Rattlesnake Crotalidae Sistrurus miliarius
Rattlesnake, Massasauga Crotalidae Sistrurus catenatus
Three-Horned Scaled Pit Viper
Three-Horned Scaled Pit Viper Crotalidae Triceratolepidophis sieversorum
Asian Pit Vipers, Asian Lanceheads & Asian Lace-Headed Vipers
Bamboo Viper, Common Crotalidae Trimeresurus gramineus
Habu, Kikuchi Crotalidae Trimeresurus gracilis
Pitviper, Ashy (also Flat-Nosed) Crotalidae Trimeresurus puniceus
Pitviper, Borneo Crotalidae Trimeresurus borneensis
Pitviper, Brongersma's Crotalidae Trimeresurus brongersmai
Pitviper, Ceylon (also Sri Lankan Green) Crotalidae Trimeresurus trigonocephalus
Pitviper, Horsehoe Crotalidae Trimeresurus strigatus
Pitviper, Malabarian Crotalidae Trimeresurus malabaricus
Pitviper, Tibetan Crotalidae Trimeresurus tibetanus
Pitviper, Wirot's Crotalidae Trimeresurus wiroti
n/a Crotalidae Trimeresurus andalasensis
Temple Vipers
Palm Pitviper, Wagler's Crotalidae Tropidolaemus wagleri
Pitviper, Hutton's Crotalidae Tropidolaemus huttoni
Temple Pitviper, Broad-Banded Crotalidae Tropidolaemus laticinctus
Temple Pitviper, North Philippine Crotalidae Tropidolaemus subannulatus
Temple Pitviper, South Philippine Crotalidae Tropidolaemus philippensis
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 33 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Viridovipera Pitvipers
Bamboo Pitviper, Yunnan Crotalidae Viridovipera yunnanensis
Pitviper, Green Bamboo Leaf Crotalidae Viridovipera medoensis (also Motuo Bamboo)
Pitviper, Gumprecht's Green Crotalidae Viridovipera gumprechti
Pitviper, Quang Bihn Crotalidae Viridovipera truongsonensis
Pitviper, Vogel's Crotalidae Viridovipera vogeli
Tree Viper, Chinese Green Crotalidae Viridovipera stejnegeri (also Stejneger's Bamboo Pitviper)
Mangshan Pit Viper
Mangshan Pit Viper Crotalidae Zhaoermia mangshanensis
Elapid Snakes
Shield-Nosed Cobras
Cowlesi Elapidae Aspidelaps lubricus
Scutatus Elapidae Aspidelaps scutatus
Water Cobras
Water Cobra, Christy's Elapidae Boulengerina christyi
Water Cobra, Ringed Elapidae Boulengerina annulata
Kraits
Krait, Banded Elapidae Bungarus fasciatus
Krait, Blue Elapidae Bungarus candidus
Krait, Burmes Elapidae Bungarus magnimaculatus
Krait, Ceylon Elapidae Bungarus ceylonicus
Krait, Greater Black Elapidae Bungarus niger
Krait, Indian Elapidae Bungarus caeruleus
Krait, Lesser Black Elapidae Bungarus lividus
Krait, Many-Banded Elapidae Bungarus multicinctus
Krait, Northeastern Hill Elapidae Bungarus bungaroides
Krait, Red River Elapidae Bungarus slowinskii
Krait, Red-headed Elapidae Bungarus flaviceps
Krait, Sind Elapidae Bungarus sindanus
Krait, South Andaman Elapidae Bungarus andamanensis
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 34 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Oriental Coral Snakes (also Asian Coral Snakes)
Coral Snake, Banded Malaysian Elapidae Calliophis intestinalis (also Striped)
Coral Snake, Bibron's Elapidae Calliophis bibroni
Coral Snake, Black Elapidae Calliophis nigrescens
Coral Snake, Blue Malaysian Elapidae Calliophis bivirgatus
Coral Snake, Gray (also Spotted) Elapidae Calliophis gracilis
Coral Snake, Indian Elapidae Calliophis melanurus
Coral Snake, Japanese Elapidae Hemibungarus japonicus
Coral Snake, Kellogg's Elapidae Calliophis kelloggi
Coral Snake, Macclelland's Elapidae Calliophis macclellandi
Coral Snake, Speckled Elapidae Calliophis maculiceps (also Small-Spotted)
n/a Elapidae Calliophis calligaster
n/a Elapidae Calliophis beddomei
n/a Elapidae Hemibungarus hatori
n/a Elapidae Hemibungarus sauteri
Mambas
Mamba, Black Elapidae Dendroaspis polylepis
Mamba, Green Elapidae Dendroaspis angusticeps
Mamba, Jamesons Elapidae Dendroaspis jamesoni
Mamba , Western Green Elapidae Dendroaspis viridis
Venemous Garter Snakes (also African Garter Snakes)
Garter Snake, Angolan Elapidae Elapsoidea semiannulata
Garter Snake, Black Elapidae Elapsoidea nigra
Garter Snake, Loveridge's Elapidae Elapsoidea loveridgei
Garter Snake, Somali Elapidae Elapsoidea chelazzii
Garter Snake, Sundevall's (also African) Elapidae Elapsoidea sundevallii
Garter Snake, Werner's Elapidae Elapsoidea laticincta
n/a Elapidae Elapsoidea broadleyi
n/a Elapidae Elapsoidea guentherii
n/a Elapidae Elapsoidea trapei
Rinkhals
Rinkhals Elapidae Hemachatus haemachatus
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 35 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Western Coral Snake
Western Coral Snake Elapidae Micruroides euryxanthus
Coral Snakes
Coral Snake, Allen's Elapidae Micrurus alleni
Coral Snake, Amazon Elapidae Micrurus spixii
Coral Snake, Andean Blackback Elapidae Micrurus narduccii
Coral Snake, Annellated Elapidae Micrurus annellatus
Coral Snake, Aquatic Elapidae Micrurus surinamensis
Coral Snake, Balsan Elapidae Micrurus laticollaris
Coral Snake, Black-Headed Elapidae Micrurus averyi
Coral Snake, Bogert's Elapidae Micrurus bogerti
Coral Snake, Bolivian Elapidae Micrurus frontifasciatus
Coral Snake, Brazilian Elapidae Micrurus decoratus
Coral Snake, Brown's Elapidae Micrurus browni
Coral Snake, Broad-Ringed Elapidae Micrurus latifasciatus
Coral Snake, Caatinga Elapidae Micrurus ibiboboca
Coral Snake, Carib Elapidae Micrurus psyches
Coral Snake, Catamayo Elapidae Micrurus catamayensis
Coral Snake, Cauca Elapidae Micrurus multiscutatus
Coral Snake, Central American Elapidae Micrurus nigrocinctus
Coral Snake, Clark's Elapidae Micrurus clarki
Coral Snake, Cloud Forest Elapidae Micrurus nebularis
Coral Snake, Desert Elapidae Micrurus tschudii
Coral Snake, Eastern (also Harlequin) Elapidae Micrurus fulvius
Coral Snake, Ecuador Elapidae Micrurus bocourti
Coral Snake, Elegant Elapidae Micrurus elegans
Coral Snake, Hemprich's Elapidae Micrurus hemprichii
Coral Snake, Langsdorff's Elapidae Micrurus langsdorffi
Coral Snake, Many-Banded Elapidae Micrurus multifasciatus
Coral Snake, Mayan Elapidae Micrurus hippocrepis
Coral Snake, Merten's Elapidae Micrurus mertensi
Coral Snake, Nayarit Elapidae Micrurus proximans
Coral Snake, Oaxacan Elapidae Micrurus ephippifer
Coral Snake, Painted Elapidae Micrurus corallinus
Coral Snake, Panamenian Elapidae Micrurus stewarti
Coral Snake, Peru Elapidae Micrurus peruvianus
Coral Snake, Peter's Elapidae Micrurus petersi
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 36 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Coral Snakes cont…
Coral Snake, Pigmy Elapidae Micrurus dissoleucus
Coral Snake, Putumayo Elapidae Micrurus putumayensis
Coral Snake, Redtail Elapidae Micrurus mipartitus
Coral Snake, Regal Elapidae Micrurus ancoralis
Coral Snake, Roatan Elapidae Micrurus ruatanus
(also Ring-Necked Spitting Cobra, or Ringhals)
Coral Snake, Santander Elapidae Micrurus sagilensis
Coral Snake, Slender Elapidae Micrurus filiformis
Coral Snake, South American Elapidae Micrurus lemniscatus
Coral Snake, Southern Elapidae Micrurus frontalis
Coral Snake, Speckled Elapidae Micrurus margaritiferus
Coral Snake, Steindachner's Elapidae Micrurus steindachneri
Coral Snake, Stuart's Elapidae Micrurus stuarti
Coral Snake, Texas Elapidae Micrurus tener
Coral Snake, Tuxtlan Elapidae Micrurus limbatus
Coral Snake, Variable Elapidae Micrurus diastema
Coral Snake, Venezuela Elapidae Micrurus isozonus
Coral Snake, West Mexican Elapidae Micrurus distans
Coral Snake, Guyana Blackbanded Elapidae Micrurus collaris
n/a Elapidae Micrurus altirostris
n/a Elapidae Micrurus bernadi
n/a Elapidae Micrurus camilae
n/a Elapidae Micrurus carinicauda
n/a Elapidae Micrurus diana
n/a Elapidae Micrurus dumerili
n/a Elapidae Micrurus dumerilii
n/a Elapidae Micrurus medemi
n/a Elapidae Micrurus pacaraimae
n/a Elapidae Micrurus pachecogili
n/a Elapidae Micrurus paraensis
n/a Elapidae Micrurus remotus
n/a Elapidae Micrurus pyrrhocryptus
n/a Elapidae Micrurus renjifoi
n/a Elapidae Micrurus scutiventris
n/a Elapidae Micrurus silviae
n/a Elapidae Micrurus spixiii
n/a Elapidae Micrurus spurelli
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 37 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Coral Snakes cont…
n/a Elapidae Micrurus tamaulipensis
n/a Elapidae Micrurus tricolor
Cobras
Cobra, African (also Red Spitting) Elapidae Naja pallida
Cobra, Anchieta's Elapidae Naja anchietae
Cobra, Ashe's Spitting Elapidae Naja ashei
Cobra, Black And White Elapidae Naja melanoleuca
Cobra, Cape Elapidae Naja nivea
Cobra, Central Asian Elapidae Naja oxiana
Cobra, Chinese Elapidae Naja atra
Cobra, Egyptian Elapidae Naja haje
Cobra, Equatorial Spitting Elapidae Naja sumatrana (also Golden Spitting)
Cobra, Indian Elapidae Naja naja
Cobra, Indo-Chinese Spitting Elapidae Naja siamensis
Cobra, Indonesian Elapidae Naja sputatrix
Cobra, Mali (also Katian Spitting) Elapidae Naja katiensis
Cobra, Monocled (aslo Monocellate) Elapidae Naja kaouthia
Cobra, Mozambique Spitting Elapidae Naja mossambica
Cobra, Nubian Spitting Elapidae Naja nubiae
Cobra, Peter's Elapidae Naja samarensis
Cobra, Philippine Elapidae Naja philippinensis
Cobra, Snouted Elapidae Naja annulifera
n/a Elapidae Naja mandalayensis
n/a Elapidae Naja sagittifera
n/a Elapidae Naja nigricollis
King Cobra King Cobra (also Hamadryad) Elapidae Ophiophagus hannah
Many-Banded Snake (also Burrowing Cobra) Many-Banded Snake Elapidae Paranaja multifasciata
Tree Cobras (also Forest Cobras) Cobra, Hoodless Elapidae Pseudohaje nigra
Cobra, African Tree Elapidae Pseudohaje goldii (also Gold's Forest, or Goldie's False)
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 38 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Desert Cobra (also Desert Black Snake)
Desert Cobra Elapidae Walterinnesia aegyptia
Sea Snakes
Horned Sea Snake
Horned Sea Snake Hydrophiidae Acalyptophis peronii
(also Spiny-Head Sea Snake)
Death Adders
Death Adder, Common Hydrophiidae Acanthophis antarcticus
Death Adder, Desert Hydrophiidae Acanthophis pyrrhus
Death Adder, Northern Hydrophiidae Acanthophis praelongus
n/a Hydrophiidae Acanthophis barnetti
n/a Hydrophiidae Acanthophis crotalusei
n/a Hydrophiidae Acanthophis hawkei
n/a Hydrophiidae Acanthophis laevis
n/a Hydrophiidae Acanthophis rugosus
n/a Hydrophiidae Acanthophis wellsi
Aipysusus Seasnakes
Seasnake, Arafura Hydrophiidae Aipysurus tenuis
Seasnake, Dusky (also Timor Reef) Hydrophiidae Aipysurus fuscus
Seasnake, Leaf-Scaled Hydrophiidae Aipysurus foliosquama
Seasnake, Olive-Brown Hydrophiidae Aipysurus laevis
Seasnake, Reef Shallows Hydrophiidae Aipysurus duboisii
Seasnake, Short-Nosed Hydrophiidae Aipysurus apraefrontalis (also Sahul Reef Snake)
Seasnake, Spine-Tailed Hydrophiidae Aipysurus eydouxii
Crown Snakes
Crown Snake, Müller's Hydrophiidae Aspidomorphus muelleri
Crown Snake, Schlegel's Hydrophiidae Aspidomorphus schlegeli
Crown Snake, Striped Hydrophiidae Aspidomorphus lineaticollis
Stoke’s Seasnake
Stoke's Seasnake Hydrophiidae Astrotia stokesii
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 39 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Copperheads
Copperhead, Highlands Hydrophiidae Austrelaps ramsayi
Copperhead, Lowlands Hydrophiidae Austrelaps superbus (also Copperhead Snake)
Copperhead, Pygmy Hydrophiidae Austrelaps labialis
Dwarf-Crowned Snakes
Crowned Snake, Dwarf Hydrophiidae Cacophis krefftii (also Krefft's Dwarf Snake)
Crowned Snake, Golden Hydrophiidae Cacophis squamulosus
Crowned Snake, White- Hydrophiidae Cacophis harriettae (also White-Naped)
n/a Hydrophiidae Cacophis churchilli
Whipsnakes
Whipsnake, Black Hydrophiidae Demansia atra
Whipsnake, Black-Necked Hydrophiidae Demansia calodera
Whipsnake, Collared Hydrophiidae Demansia torquata
Whipsnake, Grey Hydrophiidae Demansia simplex
Whipsnake, Olive (also Marble-Headed) Hydrophiidae Demansia olivacea
Whipsnake, Papuan Hydrophiidae Demansia papuensis
Whipsnake, Rufous Hydrophiidae Demansia rufescens
Whipsnake, Yellow-Faced Hydrophiidae Demansia psammophis
Denisonia Snakes
Snake, De Vis' Banded Hydrophiidae Denisonia devisi
Snake, Ornamental Hydrophiidae Denisonia maculata
Disteira Seasnakes
Seasnake, Olive-Headed (also Greater) Hydrophiidae Disteira major
Seasnake, Spectacled (also King's) Hydrophiidae Disteira kingii
Seasnake, Wall's Hydrophiidae Disteira walli
n/a Hydrophiidae Disteira nigrocincta
Crowned Snakes
Snake, Master's Hydrophiidae Drysdalia mastersii
Snake, Mustard-Bellied Hydrophiidae Drysdalia rhodogaster
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 40 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Crowned Snakes cont…
Snake, White-Lipped Hydrophiidae Drysdalia coronoides
Echiopsis Snakes
Bardick Hydrophiidae Echiopsis curta
Lake Cronin Snake Hydrophiidae Echiopsis atriceps
Elapognathus Snakes
Crowned Snake Hydrophiidae Elapognathus coronata
Snake, Short-Nosed (also Little Brown) Hydrophiidae Elapognathus minor
Turtle-Headed Snakes
Turtle-Headed Sea Snake Hydrophiidae Emydocephalus ijimae
Turtle-Headed Snake Hydrophiidae Emydocephalus annulatus (also Egg-Eating Seasnake)
Enhydrina Seasnakes
Seasnake, Sepik (also Zweifel's) Beaked Hydrophiidae Enhydrina zweifeli
Snake, Common (also Beaked) Hydrophiidae Enhydrina schistosa
North-Western Mangrove Seasnake
North-Western Mangrove Seasnake Hydrophiidae Ephalophis greyi
Furina Snakes
Snake, Brown-Headed Hydrophiidae Furina tristis (also Grey-Naped)
Snake, Dunmall's Hydrophiidae Furina dunmalli
Snake, Orange-Naped Hydrophiidae Furina ornata
Snake, Red-Naped Hydrophiidae Furina diadema
Snake, Yellow-Naped Hydrophiidae Furina barnardi
Hemiaspis Snakes
Snake, Marsh Hydrophiidae Hemiaspis signata (also Swamp or Black-Bellied Swamp)
Snake, Grey Hydrophiidae Hemiaspis damelii
Hoplocephalus Snakes
Snake, Broad-Headed Hydrophiidae Hoplocephalus bungaroides
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 41 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Hoplocephalus Snakes cont…
Snake, Pale-Headed Hydrophiidae Hoplocephalus bitorquatus
Snake, Stephens' Banded Hydrophiidae Hoplocephalus stephensii
Hydrophis Seasnakes
Seasnake, Annulated Hydrophiidae Hydrophis cyanocinctus
Seasnake, Black-Banded (also Robust) Hydrophiidae Hydrophis melanosoma
Seasnake, Black-Headed Hydrophiidae Hydrophis atriceps
Seasnake, Bombay Hydrophiidae Hydrophis mamillaris
Seasnake, Collared Hydrophiidae Hydrophis stricticollis
Seasnake, Dwarf Hydrophiidae Hydrophis caerulescens
Seasnake, Elegant (also Bar-Bellied) Hydrophiidae Hydrophis elegans
Seasnake, Estuarine Hydrophiidae Hydrophis vorisi
Seasnake, Faint-Banded Hydrophiidae Hydrophis belcheri
Seasnake, Fine-Spined Hydrophiidae Hydrophis czeblukovi
Seasnake, Kalimantan Hydrophiidae Hydrophis sibauensis
Seasnake, Kloss' Hydrophiidae Hydrophis klossi
Seasnake, Lambert's Hydrophiidae Hydrophis lamberti
Seasnake, Mcdowell's Hydrophiidae Hydrophis macdowelli (also Small-Headed)
Seasnake, Pacific Hydrophiidae Hydrophis pacificus
Seasnake, Ornate Reef Hydrophiidae Hydrophis ornatus
Seasnake, Persian Gulf Hydrophiidae Hydrophis lapemoides
Seasnake, Peters' Hydrophiidae Hydrophis bituberculatus
Seasnake, Plain Hydrophiidae Hydrophis inornatus
Seasnake, Port Darwin Hydrophiidae Hydrelaps darwiniensis
Seasnake, Russel's Hydrophiidae Hydrophis obscurus
Seasnake, Slender-Necked Hydrophiidae Hydrophis coggeri
Seasnake, Slender-Necked Hydrophiidae Hydrophis melanocephalus
Seasnake, Striped Hydrophiidae Hydrophis fasciatus
Seasnake, West Coast Black-Headed Hydrophiidae Hydrophis torquatus
Seasnake, Yellow Hydrophiidae Hydrophis spiralis
Snake, Lake Taal Hydrophiidae Hydrophis semperi
n/a Hydrophiidae Hydrophis brooki
n/a Hydrophiidae Hydrophis laboutei
n/a Hydrophiidae Hydrophis parviceps
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 42 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Jerdon’s Seasnake
Jerdon's Seasnake Hydrophiidae Kerilia jerdoni
Bighead Seasnake
Bighead Seasnake Hydrophiidae Kolpophis annandalei
Lapemis Seasnakes
Seasnake, Hardwicke's Spine-Bellied Hydrophiidae Lapemis hardwickii
Seasnake, Shaw's Hydrophiidae Lapemis curtus
Laticauda Seasnakes
Sea Krait, Colubrine (also Yellow-Lipped) Hydrophiidae Laticauda colubrina
Sea Krait, Common (also Blue-Lipped) Hydrophiidae Laticauda laticaudata
Seasnake, Crocker's Hydrophiidae Laticauda crockeri
n/a Hydrophiidae Laticauda guineai
n/a Hydrophiidae Laticauda saintgironsi
Solomon’s Small Eyed Snake
Solomon's Small Eyed Snake Hydrophiidae Loveridgelaps elapoides
Microcephalophis Seasnakes
Seasnake, Graceful Small-Headed Hydrophiidae Microcephalophis gracilis (also Slender)
n/a Hydrophiidae Microcephalophis cantoris
New Guinea Small-Eyed Snake
Snake, New Guinea Small-Eyed Hydrophiidae Micropechis ikaheka (also Ikaheka)
Tiger Snakes
Ater Hydrophiidae Notechis ater
Tiger Snake, Mainland Hydrophiidae Notechis scutatus
Fiji Cobra
Fiji Cobra Hydrophiidae Ogmodon vitianus
Oxyuranus Snakes
Snake, Fierce (also Inland Taipan) Hydrophiidae Oxyuranus microlepidotus
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 43 of 50
Common Name Family Genus Species
Oxyuranus Snakes cont…
Scutellatus Hydrophiidae Oxyuranus scutellatus
n/a Hydrophiidae Oxyuranus temporalis
Arafura Smooth Seasnake
Arafura Smooth Seasnake Hydrophiidae Parahydrophis mertoni
(also Northern Mangrove)
Coral Snake
Coral Snake, Bougainville Hydrophiidae Parapistocalamus hedigeri (also Hediger's)
Yellowbelly Seasnake
Seasnake, Yellowbelly (also Pelagic) Hydrophiidae Pelamis platura
Viperine Seasnake
Viperine Seasnake Hydrophiidae Praescutata viperina
Black Snakes
Black Snake, Papuan Hydrophiidae Pseudechis papuanus
Black Snake, Red-Bellied Hydrophiidae Pseudechis porphyriacus
Black Snake, Spotted (or Blue-Bellied) Hydrophiidae Pseudechis guttatus
Snake, Collett's Hydrophiidae Pseudechis colletti
Snake, King Brown (also Mulga) Hydrophiidae Pseudechis australis
Snake, Spotted Mulga (also Butler's) Hydrophiidae Pseudechis butleri
n/a Hydrophiidae Pseudechis pailsei
Pseudolaticauda Seasnakes
Seasnake, Chinese Hydrophiidae Pseudolaticauda semifasciata
Seasnake, Flat-Tail Hydrophiidae Pseudolaticauda schistorhynchus
Brown Snakes
Brown Snake, Eastern Hydrophiidae Pseudonaja textilis
Brown Snake, Ingram's Hydrophiidae Pseudonaja ingrami
Brown Snake, Peninsula Hydrophiidae Pseudonaja inframacula
Brown Snake, Ringed Hydrophiidae Pseudonaja modesta
Brown Snake, Speckled (also Spotted) Hydrophiidae Pseudonaja guttata
Dugite Hydrophiidae Pseudonaja affinis
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Brown Snakes cont…
Gwardar (also Western Brown Snake) Hydrophiidae Pseudonaja nuchalis
n/a Hydrophiidae Pseudonaja elliotti
Rhinoplocephalus Snakes
Snake, Black-Striped Hydrophiidae Rhinoplocephalus nigrostriatus
Snake, Carpentaria Whip Hydrophiidae Rhinoplocephalus boschmai
Snake, Small-Eyed Hydrophiidae Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens (also Eastern Small-Eyed Or Short-Tailed)
Snake, Square-Nosed (also Muller's) Hydrophiidae Rhinoplocephalus bicolor
Snake, Western Carpentaria Hydrophiidae Rhinoplocephalus pallidiceps (also Northern Small-Eyed)
n/a Hydrophiidae Rhinoplocephalus incredibilis
Solomon’s Coral Snake
Solomon's Coral Snake Hydrophiidae Salomonelaps par
Simoselaps Snakes
Banded Snake, Northern Desert Hydrophiidae Simoselaps anomalus
Banded Snake, Southern Desert Hydrophiidae Simoselaps bertholdi (also Desert)
Banded Snake, West Coast Hydrophiidae Simoselaps littoralis (also Coastal Burrowing Snake)
Burrowing Snake, Black-Naped Hydrophiidae Simoselaps bimaculatus (also Western Black-Naped)
Burrowing Snake, Black-Striped Hydrophiidae Simoselaps calonotus (also Western Black-Striped)
Burrowing Snake, Damapierland Hydrophiidae Simoselaps minimus
Snake, Eastern Shove-Nosed Hydrophiidae Simoselaps australis
(also Coral Or Australian Coral)
Snake, Narrow-Banded Shovel-Nosed Hydrophiidae Simoselaps fasciolatus (also Narrow-Banded Burrowing)
Snake, Northeastern Plain-Nosed Hydrophiidae Simoselaps warro
(also Burrowing Or Robust Burrowing)
Snake, Northern Shovel-Nosed Hydrophiidae Simoselaps roperi
Snake, Northwestern Shovel-Nosed Hydrophiidae Simoselaps approximans
Snake, Southern Shovel-Nosed Hydrophiidae Simoselaps semifasciatus (also Half-Girdled)
Snake, Unbanded Shovel-Nosed Hydrophiidae Simoselaps incinctus
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Simoselaps Snakes cont…
n/a Hydrophiidae Simoselaps morrisi
Suta Snakes
Snake, Curl (also Myal) Hydrophiidae Suta suta
Snake, Gould's Hooded Hydrophiidae Suta gouldii (also Black-Headed)
Snake, Mallee Black-Backed Hydrophiidae Suta nigriceps
Snake, Monk (also Hooded) Hydrophiidae Suta monachus
Snake, Ord Curl Hydrophiidae Suta ordensis
Snake, Rosen's Hydrophiidae Suta fasciata
Snake, Spectackled Hooded Hydrophiidae Suta spectabilis (also Bush's Hooded)
Snake, Spotted (also Little Spotted) Hydrophiidae Suta punctata
Snake, Variable Black-Naped Hydrophiidae Suta dwyeri
Snake, Whip Hooded (also Little Whip) Hydrophiidae Suta flagellum
Anomalous Seasnake
Anomalous Seasnake Hydrophiidae Thalassophis anomoms
Forest Snakes
Forest Snake, Buerger's Hydrophiidae Toxicocalamus buergersi
Forest Snake, Loria Hydrophiidae Toxicocalamus loriae
Forest Snake, Misima Island Hydrophiidae Toxicocalamus misimae
Forest Snake, Mt. Rossel Hydrophiidae Toxicocalamus holopelturus
Forest Snake, Owen Stanley Range Hydrophiidae Toxicocalamus stanleyanus
Forest Snake, Preuss' Hydrophiidae Toxicocalamus perussi
Forest Snake, Setekwa River Hydrophiidae Toxicocalamus grandis
Forest Snake, Spotted Hydrophiidae Toxicocalamus spilolepidotus
Forest Snake, Woodlark Hydrophiidae Toxicocalamus longissimus
(also Fergusson Island)
Rough-Scaled Snakes
Rough-Scaled Snake Hydrophiidae Tropidechis carinatus (also Clarence River Snake)
n/a Hydrophiidae Tropidechis sadlieri
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Bandy-Bandies
Bandy-Bandy, Eastern Hydrophiidae Vermicella annulata
Bandy-Bandy, Northern Hydrophiidae Vermicella multifasciata
n/a Hydrophiidae Vermicella intermedia
n/a Hydrophiidae Vermicella snelli
n/a Hydrophiidae Vermicella vermiformis]
Vipers
Barour’s Short-Headed Viper
Barour's Short-Headed Viper Viperidae Adenorhinos barbouri
Bush Vipers
Bush Viper, Acuminate Viperidae Atheris acuminata
Bush Viper, African (also Rough-Scaled) Viperidae Atheris squamigera
Bush Viper, African Hairy Viperidae Atheris hispida
Bush Viper, Ashe's Viperidae Atheris desaixi
Bush Viper, Great Lakes Viperidae Atheris nitschei
Bush Viper, Katanga Mountain Viperidae Atheris katangensis
n/a Viperidae Atheris broadleyi
n/a Viperidae Atheris ceratophora
n/a Viperidae Atheris chlorechis
n/a Viperidae Atheris hirsuta
n/a Viperidae Atheris rungweensis
n/a Viperidae Atheris subocularis
Fea’s Viper
Fea's Viper Viperidae Azemiops feae
Puff Adders, African Adders & African Vipers
Adder, Albany Viperidae Bitis albanica
Adder, Angolan (also Bocage's Horned) Viperidae Bitis heraldica
Adder, Desert Mountain Viperidae Bitis xeropaga
Adder, Ethiopian Mountain Viperidae Bitis parviocula (also Ethiopian Viper)
Adder, Gaboon Viperidae Bitis gabonica
Adder, Horned Viperidae Bitis caudalis
Adder, Many-Horned Viperidae Bitis cornuta
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Puff Adders, African Adders & African Vipers cont…
Adder, Mountain Viperidae Bitis atropos
Adder, Namaqua Dwarf Viperidae Bitis schneideri (also Namaqua Puff)
Adder, Peringuey's (also Dwarf Puff) Viperidae Bitis peringueyi
Adder, Plain Mountain (also Hornless) Viperidae Bitis inornata
Adder, Puff Viperidae Bitis arietans
Adder, Red Viperidae Bitis rubida
Adder, Southern Viperidae Bitis armata
Viper, Kenya Horned Viperidae Bitis worthingtoni
Viper, Rhinoceros Viperidae Bitis nasicornis
Night Adders
Night Adder, Common (also Rhombic) Viperidae Causus rhombeatus
Night Adder, Green Viperidae Causus resimus
Night Adder, Snouted Viperidae Causus defilippii
Night Adder, Two-Lined Viperidae Causus bilineatus
Night Adder, Spotted (also West African) Viperidae Causus maculatus
n/a Viperidae Causus lichtensteinii
Horned Vipers & North African Desert Vipers
Horned Viper, Desert Viperidae Cerastes cerastes
Sand Viper, Sahara Viperidae Cerastes vipera
n/a Viperidae Cerastes gasperettii
Russell’s Viper
Russell's Viper Viperidae Daboia russelii
Saw-Scaled Vipers & Carpet Vipers
Saw-Scaled Viper Viperidae Echis carinatus
Saw-Scaled Viper, African Viperidae Echis ocellatus (also West African Carpet Viper)
Saw-Scaled Viper, Cherlin's Viperidae Echis megalocephalus
Saw-Scaled Viper, Egyptian Viperidae Echis pyramidum
Saw-Scaled Viper, Hughes' Viperidae Echis hughesi
Saw-Scaled Viper, Joger's Viperidae Echis jogeri
Saw-Scaled Viper, Oman Viperidae Echis omanensis
Saw-Scaled Viper, Palestine Viperidae Echis coloratus
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Saw-Scaled Vipers & Carpet Vipers cont…
Saw-Scaled Viper, Roman's Viperidae Echis leucogaster
Mcmahon’s Desert Viper
Mcmahon's Desert Viper Viperidae Eristicophis macmahoni
Large Palearctic Vipers
Viper, Levantine Viperidae Macrovipera leetina
Viper, Moorish Viperidae Macrovipera mauritanica
n/a Viperidae Macrovipera deserti
n/a Viperidae Macrovipera schweizeri
Kenya Montane Viper
Kenya Montane Viper Viperidae Montatheris hindii
Lowland Swamp Viper
Lowland Swamp Viper Viperidae Proatheris superciliaris
Horned Vipers
Horned Viper, Field's Viperidae Pseudocerastes fieldi
Horned Viper, Persian Viperidae Pseudocerastes persicus
n/a Viperidae Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Palaearctic Vipers & Eurasian Vipers
Adder (also Northern Viper) Viperidae Vipera berus
Viper, Asp Viperidae Vipera aspis
Viper, Black Sea Viperidae Vipera pontica
Viper, Caucasus Viperidae Vipera kaznakovi
Viper, Caucasus Viperidae Vipera raddei
Viper, Coastal (also Ottoman) Viperidae Vipera xanthina
Viper, Darevsky's Viperidae Vipera darevskii
Viper, Dinnik's Viperidae Vipera dinniki
Viper, Lataste's Viperidae Vipera latastei
Viper, Latifi's Viperidae Vipera latifii
Viper, Lebanon Viperidae Vipera bornmuelleri
Viper, Meadow (also Orsinis) Viperidae Vipera ursinii
Viper, Mountain Viperidae Vipera monticola
Viper, Nikolsky's Viperidae Vipera nikolskii
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
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Common Name Family Genus Species
Palaearctic Vipers & Eurasian Vipers cont…
Viper, Nose-Horned Viperidae Vipera ammodytes
Viper, Palestine Viperidae Vipera palaestinae
Viper, Portugese Viperidae Vipera seoanei
Viper, Steppe Viperidae Vipera renardi
Viper, Turkish Viperidae Vipera barani
Viper, Wagener's Viperidae Vipera wagneri
n/a Viperidae Vipera albizona
n/a Viperidae Vipera eriwanensis
n/a Viperidae Vipera lotievi
n/a Viperidae Vipera magnifica
n/a Viperidae Vipera orlovi
n/a Viperidae Vipera sachalinensis
n/a Viperidae Vipera transcaucasiana
Controlled Alien Species –Common Name
Page 50 of 50
List of Controlled Alien Species
*Restricted Reptiles by Common Name -9 species-
(Updated December 2009)
Common Name Family Genus Species
Snakes (Squamata - Serpentes)
Boas
Boa Constrictor (all species) Boidae Boa constrictor
Boa, Madagascan Ground Boidae Acrantophis madagascariensis
Pythons
Python, Australian Brown Pythonidae Liasis fuscus
Python, Australian Olive Pythonidae Liasis olivaceus
Python, Black-Headed Pythonidae Aspidites melanocephalus
Python, Carpet Pythonidae Morelia spilota
Python, Papuan Pythonidae Apodora papuana
Python, Ramsay's (also Woma) Pythonidae Aspidites ramsayi
Python, Water Pythonidae Liasis mackloti
*The reptile restriction category refers to the total length of each individual animal. Should any one of the listed reptiles grow to be in excess of three (3) metres in length, the requirement to have a possession permit for that individual species will be in effect.
