List of Biol Syllabus

8/3/2019 List of Biol Syllabus

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/list-of-biol-syllabus 1/38

Foundation Course: Science 1

SEMESTER 1

UNIT 1: Cells and Biomolecules (Biology)(1 credit – 15 hours)

SYNOPSIS

Size can be used to determine the organization of an organism at the molecular, cellular and tissue organization level. This is fundamental to a proper understanding of biologyas the ideas and concepts covered are the basic building blocks from which the rest of the subject is constructed. This unit discusses the structure of cells and organelles and the basic chemistry of acell. It covers the structure of a generalized eukaryotic cells of plants and animal cells aswell as the structure and function of specialized cells of both animal and plant cells. It

also discussed physical and chemical properties and physiological role of bimolecular substances and movement of substances through membrane.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this unit, the students should be able to:

I. describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell and its inclusions;

II. describe the structure of eukaryotic cell and understand the roles of the nucleus,

nucleolus, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes, centrioles and microtubules, the cellulosecell wall;

III. describe the properties of some important biological molecules; recall,recognise and identify the general formulae and structure of these molecules;understand their roles; and

IV. explain how molecules and ions move into and out of cells.

TOPICS AND TIME ALLOCATION

1. Structure of cells and organelles 8 hours2. Basic chemistry of a cell 7 hoursTotal 15 hours

8




SEMESTER 1

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS TEACHING & LEARNINGEXPERIENCE

1.0 Structure of cells andorganelles

1.1 Prokaryotic cells andeukaryotic cells

Compare and contrast betweenprokaryotic cells and eukaryoticcells.

Strategy:Using a graphic organizer to compare and contrastthe cells.

1.2 Generalised eukaryoticplant and animal cells

Compare and contrast betweeneukaryotic plant and animalcells.

1.3 Cellular components

1.3.1. Membrane, cell wall,and cytoplasm

1.3.2 OrganellesNucleus: nucleolus,chromosomes,nucleoplasm, andnuclear membrane;Rough and smoothendoplasmicreticulum;Mitochondria,Golgi apparatus,

Lysosomes;Ribosomes,Chloroplasts,Centrioles;Microtubules;Microfilaments;Vacuoles

Draw the structure of cell walland organelles.

Describe the structure, functionsand distribution of cell wall andorganelles.

http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/membrane.html

Strategy:Examine prepared slidesunder light microscopes for each type of cells andobservable organelles.

1.4 Specialised plants andspecialised animal cells

Draw the structure of aspecialised plant and animalcell.

Note:Two examples of eachspecialized plants and

animal cells would besufficient.

9








SEMESTER 1


2.0 Basic Chemistry of aCell

2.1 Physical and chemicalproperties andphysiological role of

• water

State the importance of water properties as a constituents andmedium for life.

Strategy: Lecture followed by

discussion.

•

carbohydrateDraw the basic structures of carbohydratesState the different types of carbohydrates.

• Lipids Draw the basic structures of lipids.State the different types of lipids.

•

proteins and aminoacids

Draw the basic structures of proteins and amino acids.State the different types of proteins and amino acids.

ICT: Identify various typesof amino acids frominternet

•

nucleic acidsDraw the basic structures of nucleic acids.State the different types of

nucleic acids.

2.2 Movement of substances throughmembrane

Strategy: Lecture followed bydiscussion.

•

Passive transport

•

Active transport

1.2.3

-• Endocytosis• Exocytosis

Describe the meanings andprocesses of passive transport,active transport, endocytosisand exocytosis.

10




SEMESTER 1

UNIT 2 : Matter (Chemistry)

SYNOPSIS

This topic aims to enhance knowledge and understanding the basic of matter. The scopeof study encompasses of atomic structure, state of matter and electronic structure of atoms.

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. recognise, recall of specific facts, terminology, principles, and practicaltechniques and show the understanding of the concepts of matter and atomic structure;

II. describe, explain and interpret phenomena and effects in terms of principlesand concepts, presenting arguments and ideas clearly and logically in the study of matter and atomic structure;

III. interpret and translate data presented as continuous prose or in tables, diagramsand graphs and to carry out relevant calculations in the study of matter; and

IV. apply the principles and concepts of chemistry in everyday l ife and showunderstanding of the responsible use of chemistry in society.


1. Atomic Structure 5 hours2. States of Matter 5 hours3. Electronic structure of atoms 5 hours

Total 15 hours

11




SEMESTER 1


1.0 AtomicStructure

1.1 Thefundamentalparticles of atoms

Explain the properties of neutronsprotons and electrons in terms of their relative charges and relative masses.

Explain the contribution of protons and

neutrons to atomic nuclei in terms of proton number and nucleon number.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialsessionsPractical sessions toenhance the

Understanding of theory aswell as to apply theknowledge learnt

1.2 RelativeMass

Explain the distribution of mass andcharges within an atom.

Explain proton number and nucleonnumber.

Define the terms relative atomic, isotopic,molecular, and formula masses based onthe 12C scale.

ICT IntegrationInternet Website

1.3 MassSpectrometry

Interpret mass spectra in terms of relativeabundance of isotopes and molecular fragments.

Calculate relative atomic mass of anelement from the relative abundance of itsisotopes or its mass spectrum.

T & L Resources:

• CD ROM• STPM Physics

Textbook

1.4 Mole andAvogadroConstant

Define the term mole in terms of theAvogadro constant.

Calculate the number of moles of reactants, volumes of gases, volumes of solutions, and concentration of solutionsleading to stoichiometric deduction.

Values:

• Appreciate the ethical

practices of scientists• Thinking critically andanalytically

• Flexible and openminded

• Honest and accurate inthe recording of data

12




SEMESTER 1


2.0 States of Matter

2.1 Solid Explain qualitatively the properties of solid in terms of the arrangement of particles in three dimensions and therepeated pattern of unit cells.

Explain the terms lattice, allotrope,crystal system and unit cell.

Identify the properties of the seven basiccrystal structures: cube, hexagon,monoclinic, orthorhombic,rhombohedron, tetragon and triclinic withsuitable examples. Calculations relatingto unit cells are not required.

Explain the changes in states of matter,phase diagrams of H2O and CO2. The

processes of vaporisation, boiling,sublimation, freezing, melting and criticalpoints.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialsessionsPractical sessions to

enhance the understandingof theory as well as toapply the knowledge learnt

ICT Integration:

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms.states.html

2.2 Liquid Explain the kinetic concept of the liquidstate.

Define the boiling point and freezingpoint of liquids.

Explain the kinetic concept of the liquidstate.

Explain melting, vaporisation and vapour pressure using simple kinetic molecular theory.

ICT IntegrationInternet Website

13










2.3 Gas Explain the pressure and behaviour of ideal gas using the kinetic theory.Define Boyle’s law, Charles’s law and

Dalton’s law.Use the pV=nRT equation incalculations; including the determination

of the relative molecular mass.

T & L Resources:


Textbook

SEMESTER 1


3.0 ElectronicStructureof atoms

Explain the formation of the spectrum of atomic hydrogen.

Calculate the ionization energy of anatom from the Lyman series converginglimit.

Values:

Appreciate the ethicalpractices of scientists

3.1 Linespectra of atomichydrogen

Describe the shape of the s and porbitals.

Describe the number and relativeenergies of the s, p, and d orbitals for the principal quantum numbers 1, 2, and3 including the 4s orbitals.

Predict the electronic configuration of

atoms and ions given the proton number and charge.

• Thinking critically andanalytically



3.2 The fillingof orbitals

Explain and use the Hund's rule and thePauli Exclusion Principle in the filling of orbitals.

14




SEMESTER 1

UNIT 3: Mechanics (Physics)( 1 credit – 15 hours)

SYNOPSIS

This unit aims to enhance students’ knowledge and understanding of basic physicalquantities, international units of measurement, error in measurements, vector and scalar

quantities, the relation between displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration,Newton’s laws of motion, collision and conservation of momentum, equilibrium of forcesand effects of frictional forces.

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. show the understanding of the basic physical quantities, SI units, kinematics(including uniform circular motion), dynamics and statics;

II. describe, explain and interpret phenomena and effects in terms of principlesand concepts, presenting arguments and ideas clearly and logically in the study of physical quantities, SI units, kinematics, dynamics and statics;

III. interpret and translate data presented as continuous prose or in tables, diagramsand graphs and to carry out relevant calculations in the study of kinematics, dynamicsand statics; and

IV. apply the principles and concepts of physics in everyday life and showunderstanding of the responsible use of physics knowledge in society.


1. Physical quantities and units 4 hrs2. Kinematics 3 hrs3. Dynamics 4 hrs4. Statics 4 hrs

Total 15 hours

15




SEMESTER 1

KNOWLEDGE SKILLSTEACHING & LEARNING

EXPERIENCE

1. Physical quantitiesand Units

1.1 Basic quantitiesand SI units

List the six basic quantities andwrite their SI units.

Deduce units for derived

quantities if the definitions aregiven.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialsessionsPractical sessions toenhance the understanding

of theory as well as toapply the knowledge learnt

ICT Integration

• Internet WebsiteEg. www.bimp.fr

1.2 Dimension of physical quantities

List dimensions of basicquantities and determinedimensions of derivedquantities.

Check and construct equationsby using dimension analysis

1.3 Scalarsand vectors

Know the operations for thesum of vectors (examples oncoplanar vectors).Resolve a vector to twoperpendicular components.

T & L Resources:


Textbook

1.4 Errors State the differences betweensystematic errors and randomerrors.Write derived data to anappropriate number of significantfigures.

16




SEMESTER 1


EXPERIENCE2. Kinematics

2.1 Rectilinear motion2.2 Motion with

constantacceleration

2.3 Uniform circular motion andcentripetal

acceleration

Define displacement, speed,velocity, and acceleration.Derive and use equations of motion with constant acceleration.

Sketch and use the graphs of displacement-time, velocity-time, and acceleration-time for the motion of a body.

Describe circular motion interms of angular displacement, speed, angular velocity, and period.

Explain uniform circular motion as an accelerationdue to the change in directionof velocity.

Values:

• Appreciate the ethical

practices of scientists• Thinking critically and

analytically• Flexible and open

minded• Honest and accurate in

the recording of data

3. Dynamics

3.1 Newton's laws of

motion

Explain what is meant by a bodyhas inertia.

State Newton's law of motionand use its formula to solveproblems on motion.

Use the formulaF = m

dt

vd )(or v

dt

md )(.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialand practical sessions toenhance the understandingof theory as well as toapply the knowledge

learnt.

3.2 Conservation of

Momentum

State the principle of conservation of momentum.

Show the conservation of

ICT Integration

• Internet Website

17




momentum by means of Newton's law of motion.Distinguish between elasticcollisions and non-elasticcollisions.

Define impulse as ∫Fdt anddeduce that impulse isequivalent to the change of'momentum

SEMESTER 1


EXPERIENCE

3.3 Elastic and non-elastic collisions Solve problemsregarding linear collisions

between particles.

T & L Resources:• CD ROM• STPM Physics Textbook

Values:

• Appreciate the ethicalpractices of scientists


• Flexible and open minded• Honest and accurate in the

recording of data

4. Statics

4.1 Equilibrium of

particles

4.2 Closed polygon

4.3 Equilibrium of rigidbodies

Explain a couple as apair of forces tending toproduce rotation only.

To state the conditionsfor equilibrium of a rigidbody.

Explain how the actionof frictional forces canmaintains a body inequilibrium.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorial andpractical sessions to enhance theunderstanding of theory as wellas to apply the knowledge learnt.

Values:



• Flexible and open minded• Honest and accurate in the

recording of data

4.4 Frictional forcesRealise that thefrictional force is a force

18




which has a maximumvalue of μR.

19




SEMESTER 1

UNIT 4: Practical Science 1 (1 credits -30 hours)

SYNOPSIS

This unit will develop students’ experimental skills and understanding of scientificmethods. It is hoped that through practical works, skills such as handling of apparatus, planning of experimental works, making observations, interpretationof results and making inferences can facilitate the understanding of the dynamicand exciting nature of science. In the process, an awareness of the ethical,technological and economic aspects of the subject can be created.

Each practical work should be accomplished within a 3 hours period inclusive of thereport write up by students under partial supervision of the teacher. The suggestedexperiments for Practical science 1 are adopted from that of STPM Practical Biology,Chemistry and Physics. There are 3 experiments to be carried out in this semester

comprising of one practical each from Biology, Chemistry and Physics respectivelytaking up a total of 30 hours.

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. choose, assemble and use the apparatus correctly;

II. follow instructions and safety procedures prescribed;

III. observe, record and display readings or data collected;IV. process, analyse and interpret data correctly and perform necessary

calculation;

V. draw reasonable conclusions consistent with the processed observations; and

VI. use precise language and terminology in preparing the report for the practicalwork.

PracticalComponents

Experiment Titles

PracticalScience 1

Expt 1:

Expt 2:

Expt 3:

Histology of Plant and Animal cells.

Introduction to Practical Chemistry

Measurement and error estimation

20




SEMESTER 2

UNIT 5: Gaseous Exchange, Transport, and Homeostasis (Biology)(1 credit – 15 hours)

SYNOPSIS

This unit discussed how raw materials are needed to release the energy, and other essential substances, are exchanged with the environment and transported within theorganism. In particular, how animals obtain the oxygen needed to release energy inmitochondria, and how it and other materials are transported by blood around the bodyusing the pumping of the heart. Finally, consideration will be given to how a favorablewater balance is maintained in organisms and the methods by which unwanted wastesare removed.

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. recall the structure of the thorax;

II. describe the mechanism of ventilation, including how breathing is controlled;

III. recall the structure of alveoli and understand their role in gas exchange;

IV. describe the external and internal structure of a neophyte leaf;

V. explain the structure and roles of stomata and the mechanism of stomatalopening;

VI. state the functions of the circulatory system in the transport of respiratory gases,metabolites, metabolic wastes and hormones; describe the double circulatory

system;

VII. describe the structure of the mammalian heart and coronary circulation and howthe cardiac cycle is coordinated;

VIII. describe the structure and roles of arteries, veins and capillaries;

IX. describe the structure of the vascular tissues; understand the role of vessels inrelation to transport;

X. explain the concept of homeostasis;

XI. describe the regulation of blood glucose level and relate it to diabetes mellitus;and

XII. describe morphological, anatomical and physiological adaptations of plants todifferent environments.


1. Gaseous exchange 4 hours2. Transport 5 hours3. Homeostasis 6 hours

21




4. Total 15 hours

SEMESTER 2


1.0 Gaseousexchange

1.1 Gaseousexchange inmammals

Label the structures involve ingaseous exchange.

1.2 Breathing cycle Explain the role of hemoglobin in

transporting the gases.Describe the breathing cycle.

Strategy:Using interactivemultimedia software toillustrate the breathingcycle.

1.3 Stomata inplants

Draw labeled structure of stoma.

Structure andmechanism of opening andclosing

Describe the mechanism basedon starch-sugar hypothesis and K+

accumulation hypothesis.

Strategy:Lecture followed bypractical session

.

2.0 Transport

2.1 Animals

2.1.1 Cardiac cycle State the definition of systole,diastole.

2.1.2 Control of heartbeat

Describe the cardiac cycle.Describe the control of heartbeat.

Strategy:Using interactivemultimedia software toillustrate the cycle.

2.1.3 Cardiovascular diseases

Relate healthy life style to theprevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Collect information on thehealthy life styles.

22




SEMESTER 2


2.2 Plants2.2.1 Xylem and

ascent of sapDescribe xylem and ascent of sapincluding transpiration, uptake of water and ions by roots, rootpressure and cohesion-tensiontheory.

Strategy:LectureDiscussion

2.2.2 Phloem andtranslocation

Describe phloem andtranslocation based on mass flowhypothesis, and cytoplasmicstreaming hypothesis

3.0 Homeostasis

3.1 Concept of homeostasis

Explain the concept of homeostasis.

Describe the regulation of bloodglucose level and relate it todiabetes mellitus.

Strategy:Lecture

3.2 Osmoregulationin animals

3.3 Osmoregulationin plants

Labeled the structure of kidneyand nephron.

Describe the process of urineformation.

Describe the role and mechanismof action of antidiuretic hormone.

Describe the role of stomata in theregulation of water loss.

Describe morphological,anatomical and physiologicaladaptations of plants to differentenvironments.

Strategy:Using an interactive modelto illustrate the process

23




SEMESTER 2

UNIT 6: Chemical Bonding (Chemistry) (1 credit – 15 hours)

SYNOPSIS

This topic aims to enhance knowledge and understanding of basic chemical bonding.The scope of study encompasses ionic bonding, covalent bonding, metallic bonding andintermolecular forces between molecules.

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. recognise, recall of specific facts, terminology, principles, and practicaltechniques and show the understanding of the concepts of chemical bonding;

II. describe, explain and interpret phenomena and effects in terms of principlesand concepts, presenting arguments and ideas clearly and logically in the study of chemical bonding;

III. interpret and translate data presented as continuous prose or in tables, diagramsand graphs and to carry out relevant calculations in the chemical bonding; and

IV. apply the principles and concepts of chemistry to everyday life and to showunderstanding of the responsible use of chemistry in society.


1. Ionic (electrovalent) Bonding and covalent bonding 5 hours

2. Metallic Bonding 5 hours

3. Intermolecular forces between molecules 5 hours

Total 15 hours

24




SEMESTER 2


1.0 Ionic(Electrovalent)Bonding andCovalent Bonding

Explain electrovalent andcovalent bonding in terms of `dot and cross' diagrams.

Explain the Lewis structure of S04

2-, C032-, N03

-, and CN- ions.

Predict and explain the shapeof molecules and ions usingthe principle of electron pairsrepulsion, eg. linear, trigonalplanar, tetrahedral, trigonal

bipyramid, octahedral, V-shaped, and pyramid. Explain the concept of overlapping and hybridisationof the s and p orbitals for theC, N, and O atoms in the CH4,C,H4 , C2H2 , NH3, and H2Omolecules.

Explain the differences in thebond angles in the water,

ammonia, and methanemolecules.

Explain the existence of polar and non-polar bonding inmolecules which contain the C-Cl, C-N, C-O, C-Li, C-Si bonds,and explain the -covalentproperties of ionic compoundssuch as Al203 and LiI.Calculations on bond polarity arenot required.

Explain the existence of co-ordinate bonding asexemplified by H30+, NH4

+,Al2Cl6, and [Fe(CN)6]3- .

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialsessionsPractical sessions toenhance the understandingof theory as well as to applythe knowledge learnt

ICT Integration InternetWebsiteAchievement orientedInitiative

Innovative

T & L Resources:

• CD ROM• STPM Physics Textbook

Values:





ICT Integration:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chemical_bonding

25

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/




SEMESTER 2


Explain typical propertiesassociated with electrovalentand covalent bonding.

Explain hydrogen bonding, Vander Waals' forces, and metallicbonding.

2.0 Metallic Bonding Explain metallic bondingthrough overlapping of orbitals.Explain the formation of

conduction and valency bands.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialsessions

Practical sessions toenhance the understandingof theory as well as to applythe knowledge learnt

Distinguish betweenconductors, insulators, andsemiconductors (Si and Ge) interms of conduction band andvalence band.

ICT Integration InternetWebsiteAchievement orientedInitiativeInnovative

3.0 Intermolecular forces betweenmolecules

Deduce the effect of

intermolecular forces betweenmolecules on the physicalproperties of substances.

T & L Resources:

•

CD ROM• STPM Physics Textbook

Deduce the effect of hydrogenbonding on the physicalproperties of substancesincluding organic substances.

Values:

• Appreciate theethical practices of scientists

Deduce the types of bondingpresent in substances from thegiven information.


• Flexible and open

minded

26




SEMESTER 2

UNIT 7: Waves and Optics (Physics)(1 credit – 15 hours)

SYNOPSIS

This unit aims to enhance students’ knowledge and understanding of wave motion, typesof waves, its propagation, electromagnetic waves and spectrum, geometrical andphysical optics, refraction at curved surfaces, and application of these concepts.

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. show the understanding of waves and transfer of energy by waves, two differentforms of waves, the propagation of sound waves and electromagnetic waves,reflection and refraction of light formation of images interference of light;

II. describe, explain and interpret phenomena and effects in terms of principlesand concepts, presenting arguments and ideas clearly and logically in the study of waves and optics;

III. interpret and translate data presented as continuous prose or in tables, diagramsand graphs and to carry out relevant calculations in the study of waves and optics;and

IV. apply the principles and concepts to unfamiliar situations and to showunderstanding of the responsible use of physics knowledge in society.


1. Wave motion 6 hrs2. Electromagnetic waves 2 hrs3. Geometrical optics 3 hrs4. Physical optics 4 hrs

Total 15 hours

27




SEMESTER 2

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

TEACHING & LEARNING

EXPERIENCE1.0 Wave motion 1.1 Waves and

energyExplain how waves are formedand give examples of waves.

Explain the relationship betweenwaves and energy.

Define displacement, amplitude,frequency, period, wavelength,and wave front.

Derive and use the relationship v= fλ.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialsessionsPractical sessions toenhance the understandingof theory as well as to applythe knowledge learnt

ICT Integration

• Internet WebsiteEg. www.bimp.fr

1.2Longitudinal and

transversewaves

1.3 Progressivewaves

1.4Propagation of

soundwaves

2.0 Electromagneticwaves

Explain the properties of longitudinal waves andtransverse waves and giveexamples of these waves.

Interpret and use the progressivewave equation, y = a sin (wt - kx)or y = a cos (wt – kx) .

Explain sound as a form of longitudinal wave.

Describe the propagation of soundwaves in terms of pressurevariation and displacement.

Explain that electromagneticwaves are made up of electricalvibrations and magnetic vibrations,

Explain that E, B, and thedirection of propagation of electromagnetic waves arealways perpendicular to eachother.

State the orders of magnitude of wavelengths and frequencies for each type of electromagnetic

T & L Resources:


Values:


• Thinking critically and

analytically• Flexible and openminded


28




2.1 Electromagnetic

vibrations

2.2 Electromagnetic

wave spectrum

wave.

SEMESTER 2


EXPERIENCE

3.0 Geometricaloptics

3.1 Curved mirrors

3.2 Refraction atcurvedsurfaces

3.3 Thin lenses

4.0 Physical optics

4.1 Huygen’s

principle

Know and use the relationship f

= r/2 for curved mirrors.Draw ray diagrams to showthe formation of images byconcave mirrors and mirrors.

Derive and use the formula 1/f =1/u + 1/v for curved mirrors.

Derive and use the formulan1/u + n2/u = (n2- n1)/r , for refraction at spherical surfaces.

Use the formula n1/u + n2/u =(n2- n1)/r to derive thin lensformula

1/u + 1/v = 1/f

and lens maker's formula

1/f =(n-1)( 1/r 1 + 1/r 2 ).

Use the thin lens formula and lensmaker's formula.

Understand and use theHygens' principle to explaininterference and diffractionphenomena.

Explain the concept of coherence.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialand

practical sessions toenhance the understandingof theory as well as to applythe knowledge learnt.

ICT Integration


T & L Resources:


Values:





29




4.2 Interference

Explain the concept of opticalpath difference.

Know the conditions for constructive interference and

destructive interference.

SEMESTER 2


EXPERIENCE

4.3 Two-slitinterferencepattern

4.4 Diffraction atsingle slit

Know Young's two-slitinterference pattern.

Derive and use the formulay=λ D/a for Young’s interferencepattern.

Know the diffraction pattern for a single slit.

Derive and use the formula sinθ = λ /a for the first minimumin the diffraction pattern for a single slit.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialand

practical sessions toenhance the understandingof theory as well as to applythe knowledge learnt.

ICT Integration


T & L Resources:


Values:





30




SEMESTER 2

UNIT 8: Mathematics For Science I(1credit – 15 hours)

SYNOPSIS

This topic aims to enhance knowledge and understanding of mathematical concepts thatare frequently used in the sciences. Students will need to develop mathematicalcompetencies in matrices, algebra an d tr ig on om et ry .

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. use matrices to solve simultaneous equations with up to three unknowns;

II. carry out elementary operations on polynomials; andIII. manipulate the trigonometric identities.


1. Matrices 5 hours2. Algebra 5 hours3. Trigonometry 5 hours

Total 15 hours

31




Semester 2


1.0 Matrices (5 hours)

Recognize the differenttypes of matrices.

Adjoin and Inversematrixes.

Define a matrix.

Perform simple arithmeticoperations on matrices.

Generate an Adjoinmatrix of dimension 3 x 3.

Solving simultaneousequations with up to threeunknowns using matrices.

T & L Resources:

• Reference:Quek Suan Goen, LengKa Man, Yong PingKiang. (2004).Mathematics S.Malaysia: FederalPublication.

Delivery Strategy:

• Cooperative Learning• Contextual Teaching

2.0 Algebra (5 hours)

Polynomials Understand the meaningof the degrees andcoefficients of polynomials.

Carry out elementaryoperations onpolynomials.

T & L Resources:

• Reference:Quek Suan Goen, LengKa Man, Yong PingKiang. (2004).Mathematics S.

Malaysia: FederalPublication.

Delivery Strategy:


32




SEMESTER 2


3.0 Trigonometry (5 hours)

The TrigonometricRatios

Compound Angles

Use and manipulateexpressions andequations involving thetrigonometric ratios.

Sketch the graphs of trigonometric ratios.

Expand trigonometry of compound angles using

• The sine of a sumor difference

• The cosine of asum or difference

• The tangent of asum or difference

T & L Resources:

• Reference:Quek Suan Goen, LengKa Man, Yong PingKiang. (2004).Mathematics S.Malaysia: FederalPublication.

Delivery Strategy:


33




SEMESTER 2

UNIT 9: Practical Science 1 (1 credits -30 hours)

SYNOPSIS


Each practical work should be accomplished within a 3 hours period inclusive of thereport write up by students under partial supervision of the teacher. The suggestedexperiments for Practical science 1 are adopted from that of STPM Practical Biology,Chemistry and Physics. There are 3 experiments to be carried out in this semester

comprising of one practical each from Biology, Chemistry and Physics respectivelytaking up a total of 30 hours.

LEARNING OUTCOMES




III. observe, record and display readings or data collected;

IV. process, analyse and interpret data correctly and perform necessarycalculation;



Practical

Components

Experiment Titles

PracticalScience 1

Expt 4:

Expt 5:

Expt 6:

Dissection of mammalian circulatory system.

Volumetric analysis: Purity and stoichiometry.

Study the magnification of real image by a convexlens.

34




SEMESTER 3

UNIT 10: Reproduction, Development and Growth(Biology)( 1 credit – 15 hours)

SYNOPSIS

This unit discussed the strategies on how different species have adopted to ensure their survival. These include various types of asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.Asexual reproduction ensures rapid production of numerous but usually identicaloffspring while sexual reproduction ensures a more protracted process yielding fewer offspring, but with the advantage of producing the variety so essential to a species’evolution and survival in a changing world. Included in this unit are the many types of lifecycle which have developed in order to ensure their survival.

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. describe the structure and functions of the principal parts of an insect-pollinateddicotyledonous flower and a grass;

II. describe pollination and the events leading to fertilization;

III. understand the adaptations related to insect and wind pollination;

IV. describe and appreciate the significance of the mechanisms for ensuring cross-pollination;

V. describe the structure and functions of the male and female reproductivesystems;

VI. describe the production of gametes in oogenesis and spermatogenesis;VII. recall the roles of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, oestrogen,

and progesterone;

VIII. describe the transfer of male gametes leading to fertilization;

IX. understand the functions of the placenta in relation to the development of thefoetus;

X. understand the roles of oxytocin and prolactin;

XI. interpret human growth curves; and

XII. explain the meaning of ecdysis and metamorphosis.


1. Sexual and asexual reproduction 10 hours2. Development and Growth 5 hours

Total 15 hours

35




SEMESTER 3


1.0 Sexual and asexualreproduction

1.1 Sexual reproduction inflowering plants

Describe the structure andfunctions of the principalparts of an insect-pollinateddicotyledonous flower and agrass.

Describe pollination and theevents leading tofertilization.

Understand the adaptationsrelated to insect and windpollination.

Describe and appreciatethe significance of themechanisms for ensuringcross-pollination.

Strategy;Lecture followed bypractical session to studythe cross-section of various types of flowers.

1.2 Sexual reproduction inhuman

Draw and describe thestructure and functions of the male and femalereproductive systems.

Describe the production of gametes in oogenesis andspermatogenesis.

Describe the transfer of male gametes leading tofertilization.

Strategy:Collecting information onstructure and its function.

1.3 Asexual reproduction

• Parthenogenesis

• Sporulation• Budding• Binary fission• Regeneration• Vegetative

Explain using specific

examples the meaning of each type of asexualreproduction.

Strategy:

Collecting information onexamples of each types of in asexual reproduction inanimals and plants.

36




SEMESTER 3


EXPERIENCE

2.0 Development andGrowth

2.1 Embryology, humanfetal development andparturition process

Describe the formation of embryo from cleavage toorganogenesis.

Describe the functions of theplacenta in relation to thedevelopment of the foetus.

Describe the stages of birth and lactation, andthe roles of relevanthormone.

Strategy:Using video/interactivemultimedia software toillustrate the birth process.

2.2 Seed developmentand germination

Describe the development of seeds and fruits after fertilization.

Compare epigeal andhypogeal germination.

2.3 Growth pattern Interpret growth curves. Strategy: Lecture followed bydiscussion.

2.4 Ecdysis andmetamorphosis

Explain the meaning of thetwo concepts.

Describe an example of lifecycle .

37




Semester 3

UNIT 11: Carbon Chemistry I (Chemistry)(1 credit – 15 hours)

SYNOPSIS

This topic aims to enhance knowledge and understanding of the chemistry of carbon.The scope of study encompasses bonding of the carbon atoms, chemical formulae,isomerism and nomenclature and structural formulae for functional group.

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. recognise, recall of specific facts, terminology, principles, and practicaltechniques and show the understanding of the chemistry of carbon;

II. describe, explain and interpret phenomena and effects in terms of principlesand concepts, presenting arguments and ideas clearly and logically in the study of chemistry of carbon;

III. interpret and translate data presented as continuous prose or in tables, diagramsand graphs and to carry out relevant calculations in the chemistry of carbon; and

IV. apply the principles and concepts to unfamiliar situations and to showunderstanding of the responsible use of chemistry in society.


1. Bonding of the Carbon Atoms 5 hours2. Molecular formula, Empirical Formula and Structural Formula 4 hours3. Isomerism 2 hours4. Nomenclature and Structural Formulae for Functional Group 4 hours

Total 15 hours

38




SEMESTER 3


1.0 Bonding of theCarbonAtoms

Explain the concept of hybridization in the bonding of carbon atoms with referenceespecially to carbon atoms whichhave a valency of four and thetypes of hybridization such as thefollowing: sp – linear, sp2 –triangular, sp3 - tetrahedral.

Describe the formation of σ and π

bonds as exemplified bydiagrams of the overlapping of orbitals in CH4, C2H4, C2H2, andC6H6 molecules.

Explain the concept of delocalization of π electrons inbenzene rings (aromatically).

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialsessionsPractical sessions toenhance the understandingof theory as well as toapply the knowledge learnt

ICT Integration InternetWebsiteAchievement oriented

InitiativeInnovative

T & L Resources:


Textbook

Values:

• Appreciate theethical practices of scientists

2.0 Molecular formula,EmpiricalFormula andStructuralFormula

Explain the meaning of general,empirical, molecular, andstructural formulae for organiccompounds.

Calculate empirical formulae.




3.0 Isomerism Interpret structural isomerism withreference to the ability of carbonatoms to link together with eachother in a straight line and/or inbranches.

39




SEMESTER 3


Explain geometric/cis-transisomerism in alkanes in terms of restricted rotation due to πbond/C=C bonds.

Explain the meaning of a chiralcenter and how such a centregives rise to optical isomerism.

Identify chiral centres and/or cis-

trans isomerism in a molecule of given structural formula.

Determine the possible isomers for an organic compound of knownmolecular formula.

Strategy:Lecture followed by tutorialsessionsPractical sessions toenhance theUnderstanding of theory aswell as to apply theknowledge learnt

ICT Integration Internet

WebsiteAchievement orientedInitiativeInnovative

T & L Resources:


Textbook

4.0 NomenclatureAnd StructuralFormulae for Functional Group

Describe the classification of organic compounds by functionalgroups and the nomenclature of classes of organic compoundsaccording to the IUPAC systemof the following classes of compounds:(a) alkanes, alkenes(b) haloalkanes(c) alcohols (including primary,

secondary and tertiary)(d) aldehydes and ketones(e) carboxylic acids and esters

Values:





40




SEMESTER 3

UNIT 12: Electricity and Magnetism 2 (Physics)

( 1 credit – 15 hours)

SYNOPSIS

This unit aims to enhance students’ knowledge and understanding of magneticfields, forces acting on moving charges and current carrying wire, electromagneticinduction, alternating current, transformers, relevant calculations involved in theseconcepts, and electronics.

LEARNING OUTCOMES


I. show the understanding of magnetic field and flux, force on current-carryingconductors, Laws related to electromagnetic induction, alternating current and itsrectification and operational amplifier through their abilities to recognize and recallspecific facts, terminology, principles, and relevant practical techniques related to thefour topics;

II. describe, explain and interpret phenomena and effects in terms of principlesand concepts, presenting arguments and ideas clearly and logically in the study of magnetism, electromagnetic induction, alternating current and electronics;

III. interpret and translate data presented as continuous prose or in tables, diagramsand graphs and to carry out relevant calculations in the study of magnetism,electromagnetic induction, alternating current and electronics; and

IV. apply the principles and concepts to unfamiliar situations and to showunderstanding of the responsible use of physics knowledge in society.


1. Magnetic fields 4 hrs2. Electromagnetic induction 4 hrs

3. Alternating current 5 hrs4. Electronics 2 hrsTotal 15 hours

41




SEMESTER 3


EXPERIENCE1.0 Magnetic fields1.1 Magnetic field

1.2 Forceon a

movingcharge

Understand the concept of magnetic field.Define magnetic field strength B.Use the formula for force on amoving charge, F = qv x B.

Use the equationF = qvB sin θ .

Strategy:

Lecture followed by tutorialsessionsPractical sessions toenhance the understandingof theory as well as to applythe knowledge learnt

1.3 Force on acurrent-carryingconductor

1.4Magneticfields

due tocurrents

2.0 Electromagneticinduction

2.1 Magnetic flux

2.2 Faraday’s lawandLenz’s law

2.3 Self-inductance

2.4Transformer

Understand the magnetic forcethat acts on a straight current-carrying conductor in a uniform

magnetic field.Use the equationF = I LB sin θ .

Use the formulae for magneticfields: circular loop, B = µ ON I

2r

solenoid, B = µ OnI

straight wire, B = µ OI /2πd.

Define magnetic flux

Φ = BA cos θ.State and use Faraday's law andLenz's law.

Derive and use the equation for induced emf in linear conductors,discs, and plane coils.

Explain the phenomenon of self-inductance and define self-inductance.Use the formulae

E = -L dI /dt , LI = NΦ.

Derive and use the equation

Vs/ VP = Ns

/ NP for a transformer.

Discuss eddy currents in atransformer.

ICT IntegrationInternet Websites

T & L Resources:• CD ROM• STPM Physics Textbook

Values:





42




43




SEMESTER 3


EXPERIENCE3.0 Alternating currents

3.1 Alternating currentsthrough resistors

3.2 Power

3.3 Rectification of

alternating currents

4.0 Electronics

4.1 Operationalamplifier

4.2 Negative feedback

Derive and use the formula for power in an alternating currentcircuit which consists of a pureresistor, a pure capacitor, and apure inductor separately.

Explain half-wave rectificationand full-wave rectification withthe use of diodes.

Understand the operationalamplifier as a differential amplifier.

Describe ideal properties of anoperational amplifier.

Understand the principle of feedback in an amplifier

especially negative feedback.

Strategy:

Lecture followed by tutorialsessionsPractical sessions toenhance the understandingof theory as well as to applythe knowledge learnt

ICT Integration


T & L Resources:


Values:





SEMESTER 3

44




Unit 13: Practical Science 1 (1 credits -30 hours)

SYNOPSIS


Each practical work should be accomplished within a 3 hours period inclusive of thereport write up by students under partial supervision of the teacher. The suggestedexperiments for Practical science 1 are adopted from that of STPM Practical Biology,Chemistry and Physics. There are 3 experiments to be carried out in this semester comprising of one practical each from Biology, Chemistry and Physics respectively

taking up a total of 30 hours.

LEARNING OUTCOMES




III. observe, record and display readings or data collected;

IV. process, analyse and interpret data correctly and perform necessarycalculation;



PracticalComponents

Experiment Titles

Practical

Science 1

Expt 7:

Expt 8:

Expt 9:

Investigating the structure of flowers,

angiospermatophyta.Acid, base and salt- ionic equilibrium. Determine Young’s modulus by cantilever method.

Documents

List of Biol Syllabus