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LIST ABSTRACT
PLENARY SESSION
SESSION 1
Sang Jip Ohh
Kangwon National University, Korea
Recent Knowledge on the Use of Feed Enzyme in View of the
Quality of Feed Resources Page 39
Prof. Loh Teck
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Effect of Postbiotic Supplementation in Animal Feeding Page 40
Ryo Akashi
University of Miyazaki, Japan
Biotechnology in Forage Grasses: Tissue Culture, Genetic
Transformation, Genome Editing and Risk Assessment Page 41
SESSION 2
Bambang Suhartanto
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Sorghum spp : A Promising Forage crop to Increase Ruminant
Production in The Dry Land
Page 42
Dr. Liza G. Battad
Philippine Carabao Center
Facilitating Family Farm Business Build-up: The Underpinnings
of Organisational Citizenship in Carabao-based Enterprise
Development (CBED) Page 43
The 8th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production
5
1-ABB-09/30-176 Nasuha, Sumadi
Page 56
The Estimation of Stock Availability and Population Dynamics
on Ongole Grade and Limousin-Ongole Grade Cattle in Tuban
Regency, East Java Province
1-ABB-10/30-180 Dinda Ayu Permata Sari, Muladno
Page 57
Female Bali Cattle Performance In Field Station Of Sekolah
Peternakan Rakyat (SPR), Sungai Lilin District, Musi
Banyuasin Regency
1-ABB-11/30-213 Sri Wahjuningsih, Gatot Ciptadi, Kholiyah Pridiawati
Page 58 Supplementation of Water Clover (Marsilea crenata) Extract in
Egg Yolk Skim Milk on Frozen Goat Semen Quality.
1-ABB-12/30-225
Riyan Nugroho Aji, Panjono, Ali Agus, Budi Prasetyo
Widyobroto, Tety Hartatik, I Gede Suparta Budisatria,
Ismaya, Akhmad Fathoni, Seraphina Kumala, Sigit Bintara
Page 59 The Effect of Andromed® and Coconut Water + 20% yolk As
Diluents on Sperm Motility of Belgian Blue Cattle
1-ABB-13/30-236 Tristianto Nugroho, D Maharani, T S M Widi
Page 60 Identifying the Stakeholders and Sustainability Indicators for
Sonok Breeding System
1-ABB-14/30-030 Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Irkham Widiyono
Page 61 The Effect of Altitude on Hematological Parameters in Healthy
Wonosobo Sheep
1-ABB-15/30-147 Cytske Sabuna, Wihandoyo, Sri Harimurti, and R. Wisnu
Nurcahyo
Page 62
Utilization Distillation Waste Of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon
nardus) As Litter For Reducing Parasite Diseases And Its
Influence On Broiler Performance
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distributionof this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
ISTAP 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387 (2019) 011002
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/387/1/011002
1
Committee of ISTAP 2019
Steering Committee
1. Ali Agus
2. Budi Guntoro
3. I Gede Suparta Budisatria
4. Budi Prasetyo Widyo Broto
5. Bambang Suwignyo
6. Diah Tri Widayati
7. Tridjoko Wisnu Murti
8. Yukinori Yoshimura
9. Sang Jip Ohh
10. Abdul Razak Alimon
Programme Committee
Chairman : Nafiatul Umami
Vice-chair : R Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra
Secretary : Muhlisin
Scientific committee : Tri Satya Mastuti Widi
Member :
1. Adi Ratriyanto
2. Afif Raharjo
3. Agung Purnomoadi
4. Ahmad Sofyan
5. Andriyani Astuti
6. Ari Surya Sukarno
7. Asih Kurniawati
8. Bambang Aryadi
9. Bambang Suhartanto
10. Cuk Tri Noviandi
11. Dyah Maharani
12. Dian Meidi Dewi Nurani
13. Edi Suryanto
14. Endang Baliarti
15. F Trisakti Haryadi
16. Heru Sasongko
17. Ika Sumantri
18. Insani Hubi Zulfa
19. Jamhari
20. Kustantinah
21. Mabrouk Elsabagh
22. M Anggriani Ummul Muzayyanah
23. Muladno
24. Nanung Agus Fitriyanto
25. Nanung Danar Dono
26. Nono Ngadiyono
27. Novita Kurniawati
28. Nurliyani
29. Nuzul Widyas
30. Panjono
31. Rima Amalia Eka Widya
32. Ristianto Utomo
33. Sang Jip Ohh
34. Sigit Bintara
35. Sigit Prastowo
36. Slamet Widodo
37. Sudi Nurtini
38. Tristianto Nugroho
39. Y Yuni Suranindyah
40. Zaenal Bachruddin
41. Zuprizal
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distributionof this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
ISTAP 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387 (2019) 012133
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/387/1/012133
1
Identifying the stakeholders and sustainability indicators for
sonok breeding system
T Nugroho, D Maharani and T S M Widi
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract. Sonok contest is a cultural event involving cattle in Madura Island, Indonesia. Sonok
breeding strategy and event are unique since they involve only the female cattle. Many
stakeholders participate in the value chain. This study was aimed to identify stakeholders in
Sonok breeding system and to determine sustainability issues and indicators. The study was
conducted by a literature review and discussion with experts. The procedures are consisted of 3
phases, including problem definition, identifying and analysis relevant stakeholders, then
determining Economic, Ecological, and Societal (EES) relevant issues. Next step, the EES
issues were translated into sustainability indicators. As a result, there were two stakeholders,
primary and secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders consisted of cultural groups,
farmers, and policymakers. Secondary stakeholders consisted of local government,
inseminator/veterinarians, butchers, and traders. Several issues were elaborated at the farm
level. Economically benefit, manure use and human well-being were important issues. Selected
sustainability indicators were farmer income, cattle growth and reproduction, manure
production, feed availability, farm size, cultural value, and cattle/human health and disease.
According to the result, the present stakeholders and sustainability indicators need to tested and
confirmed with data to assess the sustainability of Sonok breeding systems.
1. Introduction
Sonok is a cultural event involving cattle in Madura Island, northeast of Java Island, Indonesia. The
main events in the sonok based on the farmer's common practice in Madura. Cattle are tethered
between two pillars named tacek in front of veranda's house about 9 am until 1 pm. The cattle’s
forefeet stand on a piece of wood about 15 cm high, while they are tethered. This tethering practice
allows farmers to show their great pride in caring for their cattle. In the meantime, farmers clean the
cattle and the barn and undertake other activities, such as foot care and horn shaping [1].
Based on the common activities carried out by farmers, in 1927’s a group of farmers held pajengan
event, which is tethered cattle simultaneously in the field. Currently, Pajengan are held once a week
after the tobacco harvest season. To develop this cultural event, start in 1963 the farmers competed the
best cattle, which selected from pajengan. The pairs of cattle, guided by a jockey, have to walk 25 m
to reach a finishing line, designed like a gate, while their forefeet step in a harmonious manner. Sonok
cattle are judged by conformation traits, such as height at withers, color, body conformation, body
condition, health, and harmonious walking in a pair. A traditional Madura’s music called Saronen was
played to accompany cattle performance. Sonok culture still exists, but it is not for competition, only
as a contest but still affects the cattle value in the breeding and its price [1,2].
ISTAP 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387 (2019) 012133
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/387/1/012133
2
Sonok contest is unique since they only involved the female cattle, which is contrast with karapan,
popular Madura cattle race event that only use the bulls. Moreover, sonok breeding systems are also
unique because of the process in selection and stratification [2,3]. Based on the selection to select the
best cattle, Madura cattle in the sonok area form strata levels. The first level is elite cattle as the best
quality and used in sonok event. The second level is the multiplier, it is consisted of all pajengan cattle
and has prospect to be selected as sonok candidate. When cattle shows good quality can be included in
sonok event. The lowest level in the strata is common Madura Cattle, that doesn’t participating
cultural event. When common Madura cattle mated with bulls from elite level, its offspring can enter
the pajengan strata level. Determination of selection criteria for entry into the strata level is
determined subjectively by farmers and communities based on quantitative and qualitative traits [4,5].
As a local culture, there may be many stakeholders playing important roles in this production
system. Different stakeholders may have different goals and different perceptions about the relative
importance of various components of the system [6–8]. Differences in perceptions on farmers of each
stakeholders will lead to possible differences in issues. Issues in each stakeholder develop according to
their respective interests. The issue can be divided into economic, ecological and societal issues.
Based on the issues of each stakeholder, it can be translated as an indicator of sustainability.
Sustainability indicators can be used to measure how sustainable a system [9]. Based on the unique
characteristics of the sonok breeding system, it also allows stakeholders and indicators of
sustainability. Therefore, a study is needed to identify stakeholders and sustainability indicators in the
breeding systems. This paper aimed to identifying the stakeholders and sustainability indicators for
Sonok breeding system.
2. Methods
The method used in this study refers to the common steps adapted from Bell and Morse [10],
Mollenhorst [11] and Widi [12]. There are four phases: problem definition, identifying and analysis
relevant stakeholders, determining Economic, Ecological and Societal (EES) relevant issues. Last
phase is EES issues were translated into sustainability indicators (SI).
Stakeholder identification were done through literature review and discussion with key informants.
The selected key informants consisted of the chief of the sonok community, farmers, local
government, veterinarians and inseminators who are experts in the sonok breeding system. Literature
review were carried out by reviewing research publication based on Madura cattle production systems
and general production systems in Indonesia or in the World.
Relevant issues were identified based on the literature review and expert consultation. The issue
was developed as an indicator if met criteria of sustainability indicator. There are some criteria to
select sustainability indicator, it were relevance, simplicity, sensitivity, validity, target value and
accessible data. In this paper, qualitative or quantitative indicators were selected.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Stakeholder for sonok breeding system
Stakeholders revealed during literature review and discussion with key informants were consisted of
two distinct stakeholders, primary and secondary stakeholders (Table 1.), considering their importance
role at stake. Primary stakeholders were cultural groups, farmers and policy makers. For secondary
stakeholders, there are local government, inseminator / veterinarians, butchers and traders.
Farmers are the main stakeholders in the sonok breeding system and contests. Farmers are the main
actors who carry out sonok culture, because the origins of sonok culture are those of the farmers'
practice. Every farmer as a decision maker to manage input, process and output of their breeding
activity. This is because the interests of farmers in raising cows are different, some are raising them as
the main income, manure source or as a social status [6,13].
Cultural groups have an important role because sonok was developed from the culture of society.
The development of sonok breeding will not survive if the farmers' groups do not maintain the sonok
ISTAP 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387 (2019) 012133
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/387/1/012133
3
culture. In addition, cultural groups maintain cultural events using only native Madura cattle by
selecting the best cattle. Cultural group rules disallow crossbred cattle or other cattle breeds to
participate in sonok event [13,14]. Policymaker plays a role in providing Sonok event easy access to be
able to still exist in carrying out their culture [13].
As a secondary stakeholder, the local government has an interest in promoting this culture to the
broader community. With a higher appeal, the Sonok event becomes a more attractive culture.
Veterinarians and inseminators have a role in keeping livestock from getting other cattle breed
artificial insemination. In addition, veterinarians and inseminators can direct farmers to keep an eye on
cattle pedigree so they can avoid inbreeding [13,15]. Butchers in the sonok breeding system have an
important role in choosing livestock to slaughter. There is a Butcher in the Sonok development area
who always chooses bad animals to cut in the hope that only high-quality livestock will be left. While
traders have an important role in channeling livestock from one farmer to another farmer. Although in
Sonok culture there is often trade between farmers, but the role of the trader is still quite
important[13,16].
Table 1. Primary and secondary stakeholders in the Sonok breeding system
Stakeholders Importance to system Interest
Primary stakeholders
Farmers Primary producer, key
decision maker over
resource use and farm
output
High capital needed, social
status
Cultural groups Maintain sonok event
Only allow Native Madura
cattle to participating sonok
event
Establish selection criteria
Develop sonok breeding
system
Pajangan and Sonok Contest
Central Government (policy
maker)
Promote event
Produce policy about cattle
breeding
Tourist attraction
Support national programs
Secondary stakeholders
Local Government Give permission to cultural
event
Improve tourism
Inseminator/Veterinarians Avoid disease and
inbreeding
Acceptability to the artificial
insemination
Butchers Selection to slaughter Profit
Traders Cattle trading
Cattle movements
Profit
Source: Widi [17]
Patrick et al [18]
3.2. Sustainability indicators for sonok breeding system
Several issues and sustainability indicators were elaborated at the farm level. Sustainability indicators
can be divided into 4 levels, namely farm level, regional level, population and global. We chose to
elaborate on farm levels because the availability of sonok specific information is developing at the
farm level. Based on the criteria to select sustainability indicators, Table 2 present selected
sustainability indicator that possible to access in sonok breeding system.
The most important economic issue for cattle in smallholder breeding systems is their contribution
to farmers' income. Cattle are the primary income for farmers, besides agriculture. In the cattle
ISTAP 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387 (2019) 012133
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/387/1/012133
4
breeding system, farmers can get profit from selling their calves, heifer, or cow. Ploughing rice fields
used cattle draught power still exists in Madura Island especially in Sonok area; it can provide added
economic value. The economic value of cattle can also be assess from its growth, both body weight,
and body size. Reproductive quality is also an important economic value because calf birth and life
potential are key to breeding success. Farmers referred to their cattle as a saving that provides security
(Rudi Haryanto, personal communication). In our economic evaluation, this can be represented by
insurance and saving, depending on the purpose of raising livestock.
Some studies use complex indicators in assessing environmental indicators, such as air, water and
soil pollution. On the other hand, environmental issues are not an important issue for smallholder
farmers in Sonok area, air, water, and soil pollution from livestock is rarely considered. Key
informants said that environmental issues that were considered by farmers were land use and manure
use (Rudi Haryanto, personal communication). Farmers use agricultural residues as animal feed, while
manure is used as fertilizer for agricultural land. Sustainability indicators that allow for assessment in
sonok breeding systems are total land use, feed availability, manure production, chemical fertilizer
use, and soil fertility.
Table 2. Selected sustainability indicators for sonok breeding system
EES Issues Issues Sustainability Indicators
Economic Economically benefit Farmers income1,2,3,5,6
Draught power5
Performance of cattle Growth5,6
Reproduction5
Additional economic value Saving3,5
Insurance3,5
Environmental Manure use Manure production1,2,5
Chemical fertilizer use3
Soil fertility4,6
Land use Total land use2,3,5
Feed availability2,3,4,5
Social Cattle management Farm size2,4,5,6
Feeding system5
Housing1,3
Time allocated for cattle5
Human well-being Farmer educational level1,2,4,5
Social status1,5
Cultural value3,5,6
Health and diseases Cattle diseases or health
problems2,3
Human health and safety1,2,3,4,6 Source: 1 Ramadhan et al [19]
2 Siswandari [20]
3 Gayatri et al [21]
4 Marandure et al [22] 5 Widi [17] 6 Budisatria [23]
Sonok breeding system is a pearl of local wisdom, social issues become a fundamental issue. In
terms of cattle management, Sonok cattle are highly considered by farmers. Cattle were tethered in
front of the house every morning; then the farmer cleans the cattle and cages. So that the time
allocation that is used by farmers and the number of livestock that allows it to be raised is an important
issue and can be an indicator of sustainability. Although Sonok cattle are well cared for, cattle cannot
be free from disease, so animal health and disease are essential issues. Madura cattle were used to
ISTAP 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387 (2019) 012133
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/387/1/012133
5
study the unique interaction between cattle and culture. As part of culture, cows become a part of
social status. Farmers feel they have a high social status if they have high-value livestock.
4. Conclusion
Based on the result, it can be concluded that there were two stakeholders, primary and secondary
stakeholders. Primary stakeholders consisted of cultural groups, farmers and policy makers. For
secondary stakeholder consisted of local government, inseminator/veterinarians, butchers and traders.
The sustainability indicators that can be used were economic benefits, management of cattle, and
performance of cattle and additional function of cattle. The present stakeholders and sustainability
indicators need to tested and confirmed with data to assess the sustainability of Sonok breeding
systems.
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