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BIOMECHANICS OF SPORTS RELATED CONCUSSIONS
Lisa Schulte
Introduction Participation in sporting events account
for roughly 1.6 to 3.8 million brain injuries annually.
A concussion results from a rotational acceleration or deceleration injury to the head.
Terms Force- (N)the action of one body on
another which will cause acceleration of the 2nd body unless acted on by an equal/ opposite action
Deformation- change in the shape of the body undergoing the force
Injury- the result of the force Focal/ Diffuse
Factors Affecting Force Analysis
Type of Load direct, indirect
Types of Force Translational (linear), Rotational, Angular
Direction of Force Magnitude of Force Duration of Force
Shorter duration=less damage Rate of Force Region of the Brain
Head Impact Telemetry System HITS is a wireless monitoring system
used to identify hits capable of producing an injury.
Helmets equipped with HITS look and function the same as other helmets
Accurately identifies the location to ± .41 cm
Impacts 15 g or greater are recorded
Applying Newton’s Laws Formula for calculating acceleration
a=(V² – Vo²)/2sg Example:
A=(-3.658 m/s)²/ (2)(0.152m)(9.8 m/s²)=4.49 g
Formula for Newton Second Law of Motion F=mass x acceleration
Protecting the Athlete Helmets
Pressure= Force/Area
Mouth Guards The cushioning effects of a mouth guard
increase time and distance of deceleration
Recent Developments
Return to Play Long Term Effects of Concussions NFL and NCAA rule changes Concerns with Young Athletes