LIQUID CRYSTAL INSTITUTE KENT STATE …...The success of the liquid crystal industry is a demonstration of the potentiality of the unique state of matter, known as the liquid crystal,

LIQUID CRYSTAL INSTITUTE®

KENT STATE UNIVERSITY

ANNUAL REPORT

July 1, 2011-June 30, 2012

Hiroshi Yokoyama, Director

Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................... 1

Summary of LCI Accomplishments and Activities .............................................................................. 2

Major Funding Sources and Expenditures ............................................................................................ 3

Major Funding Sources (in thousands) University, Foundation and Grant Funds ........................... 3

Major Funding Sources (in thousands) Extramural & KSU Funding FY 2008 – FY 2012 ............. 4

Historical Representative of Funding Sources (in thousands) KSU, NSF ALCOM and Other Extramural Support ........................................................................................................................... 5

LCI Highlights ...................................................................................................................................... 6

Liquid Crystal Institute Welcomes New Faculty Members .............................................................. 6

LCI Starts New Partnership on “Liquid Crystal – Polymer Interfaces” ........................................... 7

Rhematic minisymposium on Liquid Crystals at ICIAM 2011 ........................................................ 8

Flexible Polymer Heralds the Future of Conductive Coating ........................................................... 9

Kent State University Gets Atomic Force Microscope Lab ........................................................... 11

MSNO Winter Meeting 2012.......................................................................................................... 13

Akron Students Meet KSU Scientists ............................................................................................. 14

LCI’s Partner Company Expanding Flex Complex ........................................................................ 15

Liquid Crystal Tunable Lens Demonstration .................................................................................. 16

Liquid Crystal Research Earns Kent State Professor Outstanding Research and Scholar Award.. 17

Ohio Third Frontier Approves $200,000 in Commercialization Grants to Kent State Researchers18

Society for Information Display Awards ........................................................................................ 19

The New Transmission Electron Microscopy Lab at LCI, Kent State University ......................... 20

Summer 2011 REU Participants ......................................................................................................... 23

Liquid Crystal Institute Staff .............................................................................................................. 24

Liquid Crystal Institute Research Personnel ....................................................................................... 25

Liquid Crystal Institute Faculty .......................................................................................................... 26

Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Graduate Students ....................................................... 27

Scholarships & Fellowships ................................................................................................................ 30

Graduate Degrees Awarded ................................................................................................................ 31

Placement of Personnel ....................................................................................................................... 31

Visiting Scientists ............................................................................................................................... 32

Grants and Contracts, 2011-2012 ....................................................................................................... 34

Proposals for Extramural Support, 2011-2012 ................................................................................... 39

Patents, Applications, Invention Disclosures...................................................................................... 43

Publications ......................................................................................................................................... 44

Presentations ....................................................................................................................................... 55

Seminar Programs 2011-2012............................................................................................................. 65

LCI Industrial Partnership Program .................................................................................................... 68

SPM Teaching Lab ............................................................................................................................. 71

LCI High Speed Camera ..................................................................................................................... 75

IPP Members ................................................................................................................................... 78

IPP Associate Members .................................................................................................................. 78

Liquid Crystal Device Prototype Facility ........................................................................................... 79

LCI Scanning Electron Microscopy Lab ............................................................................................ 84

Organic Synthesis Facility .................................................................................................................. 88

LCI Cryo-TEM Lab ............................................................................................................................ 93

APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................. 100

Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Brochure ................................................................ 100

Industrial Partnership Program Brochure ..................................................................................... 100

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Foreword The science and technology of liquid crystals has driven decades of innovation in the field of information display. It started as a niche application for pocket calculators and wrist watches in the early 1970’s here at the Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI), and grew to a $200 billion industry today that revolutionized the life of ordinary people across the globe in parallel with personal computers and cellular phones. The small wave of ideas that popped up at Kent, Ohio, swept the world like a tsunami. The success of the liquid crystal industry is a demonstration of the potentiality of the unique state of matter, known as the liquid crystal, but is by no means the end of the whole story. No one has ever been able to see what is really hidden underneath the crust of current applications. The field of liquid crystals is in transition and is beginning to see the third wave of innovation in a wider and deeper range of technology embracing biomedical, energy and art industries far beyond the traditional displays that will gradually transform the world to a better place to live through the 21st century. The LCI started a reform to capture the emerging opportunities and to continue to drive the growing wave of science and technology of liquid crystals and soft matter. The period of 2011-2012 is the first year of this strategic effort that will continue over the years to come. We are first and foremost aware that “people” create ideas and innovate technologies, not “machines.” But machines and a good environment do help people better accomplish their goals. The LCI was fortunate to welcome new members, Drs.Torsten and Elda Hegmann, who will lead our research strategy in advanced nanomaterials. We also hosted numerous domestic and international visitors, both short and long term. The LCI must serve as the promenade of the research community beyond the campus. Throughout the year, we worked closely with local and international companies to collaborate on the technical issues that are critical to their business success through or beyond our Industrial Partnership Program. The volume and quality of activity involving people is what we are most proud of. The LCI initiated a facility upgrade program this year. We have three shared facilities: Device Prototype Facility, Characterization Facility, and Organic Synthesis Facility. All of the facilities were born through the half century history of the LCI to respond systematically to research needs, but after years of operation, some of them have become obsolete or inactive. With the keen recognition that a state-of-the-art research platform is the power house of a research institution, President Lefton, Provost Frank and Dean Moerland authorized to fund this program to secure the success of the LCI for the next fifty years. The first year of renovation saw the start of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) lab, equipped with multiple AFMs that will serve not only as a research facility but also an education center to give hands-on nanoscience experience to graduate students on the KSU campus. More upgrades will follow in later years. The Annual Report this year is a compilation of these activities with a view to provide the current status of the LCI and its future in a readily comprehensible format. Should you have questions about or interest in the LCI and its research and education, please contact us for more information.

Hiroshi Yokoyama Director Liquid Crystal Institute

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Summary of LCI Accomplishments and Activities

Proposals for Extramural Funding

Submitted 41 Awarded 6 Pending 18

Extramural Grants and Contracts Current Grants 61

Degrees Awarded Ph.D. 4 Masters 2

Students – Graduate Stipend and Tuition Support 46

Students – Undergraduates REU Summer Students 5 Honors Thesis, LCI/CPIP Advisors

Research Staff Faculty and Senior Research Staff 22 Postdoctoral Fellows, Research Associates, 27 Research Scientists, Interns, Display Engineers

Visitors Industrial and Academic Scientists Conducting 17 Collaborative Research at the LCI

Publications Journals and Book Chapters 88 Juried Conference Proceedings, Technical Reports 14

Presentations Invited Presentations 24 Oral Presentations 56 Poster Presentations 19

Patents Awarded 5 Applications 9 Invention Disclosures 6

Industrial Partnership Program IPP Full Members 11 IPP Associate Members 19

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Major Funding Sources and Expenditures

2011-2012

Below are the details for LCI funding for FY12 (2011-2012). There was an increase in University funding from FY11 to FY12 by $400,000 or 16%. This was due to the original budget for CPIP increasing by $400,000 between the fiscal years. The original budget for LCI increased less than $5,000.

Major Funding Sources (in thousands, USD) University, Foundation and Grant Funds

346, 4%

2,938, 37%

896, 11%

1,902, 24%

402, 5%

1,519, 19%

202, 2% Industry/Other

Kent State University

National Science Foundation

Other Federal

Private Corporations

State of Ohio

Kent State UniversityFoundation

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Major Funding Sources (in thousands, USD) Extramural & KSU Funding FY 2008 – FY 2012

Below is a comparison between Extramural funding and Kent State University funding over the past five years. Extramural funding has increased each of the last five years while Kent State University funding increased this past year due to the increase in original budget for CPIP.

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

2,275 2,253 2,547 2,531 2,939

3,616 4,278

4,316 5,070

5,074

Amou

nt (i

n th

ousa

nds)

Fiscal Year

Extramural

KSU

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Major Funding Sources and Expenditures

Historical Representative of Funding Sources (in thousands, USD) KSU, NSF ALCOM and Other Extramural Support

Calculation of grant funding/expenditures

For each grant, the total amount awarded is divided by the number of months in the grant project period to obtain an average monthly award amount. That figure is multiplied by the number of months the grant was active within the fiscal year reporting period. For grants shared with investigators from other departments, the fiscal year total is divided equally among the principal investigators and only the portion for LCI research personnel is counted (see Table 2). For reporting purposes, it is assumed that all funding is expended within the fiscal year reporting period. For grants with funding released on a year-to-year basis, only the current fiscal year funding is counted, rather than averaged over the entire grant period.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Amou

nt (i

n th

ousa

nds)

Fiscal Year

NSFALCOMExtramural

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LCI Highlights Liquid Crystal Institute Welcomes New Faculty Members

In October 2011, the Liquid Crystal Institute welcomed Dr. Torsten Hegmann & Dr. Elda Hegmann as new faculty members to work at the Liquid Crystal Institute.

Dr. Torsten Hegmann joined the Liquid Crystal Institute as an Ohio Research Scholar. He holds an Associate Professor position in CPIP and an adjunct position in the Department of Chemistry at Kent State University. Dr. Hegmann has been actively engaged in research on nanoparticle synthesis and nanocomposites of liquid crystals. At the LCI, he will further extend his research interests in nanoscale functional materials synthesis.

Before joining the Liquid Crystal Institute, Dr. Torsten Hegmann was an Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University of Manitoba. He is a graduate of Professor Carsten Tschierske group, and he obtained his Ph.D. in 2001 from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Dr. Elda Hegmann holds a position as an Assistant Professor at the Liquid Crystal Institute and as a NTT Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemistry. Her research on biomaterials is being conducted at LCI. She earned her M.Sc. in 1996 from Autonomous University of Coahuila/CIQA, Saltillo Coahuila, México, and in 2003, she obtained her Ph.D. in Chemistry from CERSIM/Université Laval, Québec, Canada. Before joining the Liquid Crystal Institute, Dr. Elda Hegmann was a research scientist at National Research Council Canada-Institute for Biodiagnostics (NRC-IBD), actively working on drug delivery systems, in-vivo small animal imaging and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

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LCI Highlights LCI Starts New Partnership on “Liquid Crystal – Polymer Interfaces”

The National Science Foundation has announced its support for a new Partnership for Innovation (PFI) in Northeast Ohio, focused on liquid crystal - polymer interfaces, starting on Sept. 15th, 2011. The goal of the PFI program is to stimulate the transformation of knowledge created by research and education into innovations that create new wealth, build strong economies and improve the national well-being. The core partners in the new PFI are Kent State University, AlphaMicron Inc. and Kent Displays Inc. Five other partners are the University of Akron, the University of Central Oklahoma, Bridgestone America, Nortech/Flex Matters, and Polymer Ohio, Inc. The new PFI will establish a broad platform on liquid crystal (LC)-polymer interfaces connecting the device and manufacturing issues in industry to the frontiers of academic research. LC-polymer interfaces have been of vital importance in liquid crystal display (LCD) industry, and the recent advent of flexible LCDs using plastic substrates requires new dimension of insights into interface behavior and design. The project aims to identify the technical issues in real products of the partner companies, and offer solutions based on the state-of-the-art characterization, computational materials science and novel materials development. A novel aspect of the project is commitment to an expedited and efficient two-way transfer of knowledge across the disciplinary and organizational barriers. The proposed platform will not only solve key problems in currently emerging technologies, but also enable new LC-on-plastic (LCOP) technologies and thereby provide new opportunities to US the industry with the possibility of strong economic development based on LCOP products.

The impact of new knowledge generated on the behavior and control of the interface between liquid crystals and polymers should go beyond the advancement of flexible displays, enabling breakthroughs to flexible bioseonsors and wearable health care devices. The platform will serve as a long-term basis for enhanced synergy in academia-industry partnership in Northeast Ohio.

The Kent State team consists of Peter Palffy-Muhoray (PI), Senior Vice President and Provost Todd Diacon (pending) and Hiroshi Yokoyama, while Bahaman Taheri at AlphaMicron and Asad Khan at Kent Displays lead the industrial part of the collaboration. Source: Article reported on the LCI website under News and Events.

http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1114332

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LCI Highlights Rhematic minisymposium on Liquid Crystals at ICIAM 2011

The International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics, ICIAM 2011, was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on July 17-22, 2011. Liquid crystals featured prominently at ICIAM 2011, a conference attended by over 3,000 mathematicians and scientists, highlighting the most recent advances in applied mathematics, demonstrating their applicability to science, engineering and industry. An invited thematic minisymposium on Liquid Crystals was organized by Peter Palffy-Muhoray, with an overview opening lecture by Hiroshi Yokoyama, from the Liquid Crystal Institute. A contributed minisymposium on Advances in Liquid Crystals, was organized by Xiaoyu Zheng form the Kent State University Department of Mathematical Sciences, together with Arghir Zarnescu from the University of Oxford. Eugene C. Garland, also from the Kent State University Department of Mathematical Sciences, gave an invited lecture. The symposia participants were leading mathematicians from the international community. Increased interest by the applied mathematics community in the field of liquid crystals is leading to new collaborations with scientists in related disciplines, leading to a new understanding of liquid crystal based phenomena in areas such as quantum optics, cellular biology and defect driven self assembly of complex soft materials. Source: Article reported on the LCI website under News and Events.

http://www.iciam2011.com/

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LCI Highlights Flexible Polymer Heralds the Future of Conductive Coating

The Omega-flex polymer is peeled off the glass surface, much like a static sticker used in many cars.

If researchers at Kent State University's Liquid Crystal Institute have their way, the technology we currently put in our purses and pockets will be incorporated into the very clothes that we wear. Any attempt to incorporate electronics with the human body requires flexibility that doesn't hinder movement, but this is not possible with current devices. The electronics need to be lightweight, flexible and stretchable in order to be compatible to the wide range of human body movements.

Kent State University's interdisciplinary chemical physics researchers recently developed a revolutionary new electric conducting polymer with vast potential. Dr. Antal Jákli, Associate Professor, and doctoral student Wilder G. Iglesias call their invention ω-flex (omega-flex), and it's a conducting polymer that can bend and fold without changing its properties. It's lightweight, easy to fabricate and inexpensive.

"We were doing research on flexible materials and needed flexible electrodes, but they didn't exist, so we made our own," Iglesias said.

The conductive polymers market is expected to reach 240,000 tons by 2015. However, traditional conductive polymers cannot be used in flexible applications, because constant bending causes cracking and peeling. Omega-flex can be peeled off the substrate on which it was polymerized for easy manipulation and also used as an electrode sheet with large flexibility.

The innovative omega-flex system is dissolved in water and can be applied using a variety of coating techniques, for example, screen and ink-jet printing. When dry, a thin, flexible, elastic layer – with excellent conductivity – is formed on the coated surface.

Another unique aspect of omega-flex is its peel-and-stick feature – it's similar to a static sticker used on car windows. To make the material, Jákli and Iglesias-Gonzalez spread an even coating across a smooth surface, such as clean glass. Once dry, the extreme flexibility of omega-flex allows it to be peeled from the surface of the glass and affixed or laminated onto any other relatively smooth surface. This property will permit a conducting polymer to be applied to surfaces that repel liquid, might be damaged by water or on which liquid beads up.

Jákli and his fellow researchers routinely use omega-flex for various investigations. "This coating has the potential to be used in a vast number of applications, such as flexible displays, organic light-

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emitting diodes (LEDs) and antistatic coatings for glass and polymer," says Iglesias. "Cheap, durable, peel-able and flexible are appealing features to have in a single substance," adds Jákli.

Omega-flex is currently available for licensing from Kent State University. To find out more go to: http://www.kent.edu/research/otted/availabletechnologies/ksu369.cfm.

Source: Article reported on the Kent State University Research Stories webpage by Jim Maxwell.

http://www.kent.edu/research/otted/availabletechnologies/ksu369.cfm

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LCI Highlights

Kent State University Gets Atomic Force Microscope Lab When Hiroshi Yokoyama became Director of Kent State University’s Liquid Crystal Institute about six months ago, he was determined to set the laboratory apart from others. Yokoyama went to university officials with the idea to invest in a new Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) laboratory. With the financial support of the university, he was able to install five AFMs in the same lab, unlike any other microscopy lab.

“I’d like to provide students with a good opportunity to expose themselves to advanced analytical tools because knowing how to operate AFM is important to pursue a science and technology career,” Yokoyama says. The AFM can image almost any type of surface, and can be used in air, water or vacuum. An AFM uses a needle so small and sharp that it cannot be seen by the naked eye. The needle is attached to a spring so the needle scans over a surface from side to side. The motion of the needle is detected by optical sensors. Graduate and undergraduate students, post-doctoral and faculty can use the AFM lab for their own research projects. Yokoyama plans to make the laboratory available for other classes, like chemistry, physics and biology. Yokoyama says that having five sets of instruments in one lab is unique because it gives everyone an opportunity to work on her or his own project. “Almost everywhere there’s a lab, AFM is there,” says Yokoyama. “Our graduates are supposed to be able to operate an AFM from day one.” Yokoyama held a workshop from Jan. 30 to Feb. 2, 2012, where 25 students volunteered to help build the microscopes from pieces and test the AFMs. “All of the students who participated in the workshop really enjoyed themselves,” says Yokoyama. “Operating this kind of machine is very, very inspiring and stimulating.” “This first workshop was particularly unique in that participants could have a chance to build AFMs from separate parts, and learn the detailed design, the engineering concepts as well as the operating principles and skills. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was invented in 1986 a few years after the invention of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to which Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded. Because of its versatility - being operable in ambient air, water and vacuum even on electrically non-conductive samples, AFM has become one of the most fundamental analytical tools in physics, chemistry and biology labs all over the world. The AFM is powerful not only for molecular level profiling of soft surfaces but also for nanometer scale manipulation of surface structures” (Building Atomic Force Microscopes).

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For more information about the Liquid Crystal Institute, visit www.lcinet.kent.edu. Sources: “Kent State University Gets Atomic Force Microscope Lab,” Article reported in the March 26, 2012 issue of eInside, the official employee newsletter of Kent State University. “Building Atomic Force Microscopes,” Article reported on the LCI website under News and Events.

http://www.lcinet.kent.edu/

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LCI Highlights MSNO Winter Meeting 2012

The Liquid Crystal Institute hosted the MSNO (Microscopy Society of Northeastern Ohio) Winter Meeting of 2012 on February 22. 45 participants, mostly microscopy-related professionals from the Cleveland-Akron-Kent area, toured the newly renovated LCI cryo-TEM lab and the new LCI AFM lab. Later in the evening, Dr. Min Gao from LCI, gave a talk titled “Direct TEM imaging of Liquid Crystals.” Liquid crystals represent a very challenging group of materials for direct TEM imaging, so replica imaging is the current dominating technique. Dr. Gao presented his recent practice on modifying TEM specimen preparation and observation procedures, and demonstrated successful sub-nanometer scale resolution imaging and application of Z-contrast imaging and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The second talk, “Murphy’s Law and Machine Malfunction: Different Failure Modes and Philosophy of Scientific Analysis”, was given by Dr. Chris Bagnall, from MCS Associates Inc., Latrobe, PA. Dr. Bagnall has more than 30 years of experience in failure analysis. He presented some very interesting examples of machine malfunction and explained different modes of machine failure and his philosophy of scientific practice. The LCI cryo-TEM lab currently supports about 15 research groups from Kent State University (LCI/CPIP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biological Sciences), NEOMED, Ohio State University, and industry users from Ohio and Massachusetts.

Source: Article reported on the LCI website under News and Events.

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LCI Highlights Akron Students Meet KSU Scientists

Each year, Akron Public Schools organizes an annual Akron Science and Technology Expo (ASTE) that provides students an opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and passion for science, math, and technology. Three years ago, Peter Palffy-Muhoray from the LCI, and Xiaoyu Zheng from the Dept. of Mathematical Sciences at Kent State University decided to participate. They produced and collected, with the help of LCI/Math students and post-docs, eye-catching physics and math demonstrations and puzzles. These included the thermobile, an ingenious heat engine, the Monty Hall problem, the Euler disk, the vanishing area paradox, the drinking bird, and many others, as well as magic with cards, coins and strings. This year, post-doctoral fellows Chris Grabowski and Greg Richards built and presented many of the demos. Students, parents and teachers were not only interested, but often delighted, and left with an awakened sense of curiosity. Xiaoyu Zheng pioneered math exhibits at ASTE; her success resulted in the inclusion of Math in the title of the event. ASMTE provides an excellent opportunity to engage area students in math and science, to demonstrate the joys of discovery, and to encourage them to pursue their interest in these fields.

Source: Article reported on the LCI website under News and Events.

http://www.akronschools.com/departments/ci/teaching-and-learning/science/science-fair/

http://www.akronschools.com/departments/ci/teaching-and-learning/science/science-fair/

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LCI Highlights LCI’s Partner Company Expanding Flex Complex

ChemImage Corporation, in collaboration with the Kent State University Liquid Crystal Institute, received a $1 million grant from the Ohio Third Frontier Advanced Materials Program to create a manufacturing operation for the company’s liquid crystal based hyperspectral imaging sensors. Kent State University, as the key collaborator in this effort, is providing technical assistance and temporary access to our clean room facility to aid in the efficient transfer of liquid crystal device manufacturing technology to ChemImage. The picture shows ChemImage personnel and the loaned manufacturing development space:

This effort is made possible by the LCI’s Industrial Partnership Program and its associated liquid crystal device prototyping clean room facility. The result of this transfer will be the establishment of a liquid crystal device manufacturing facility in Stow, Ohio (shown below).

As the Nation’s leader in liquid crystal device technology, the LCI is pleased to be part of the creation of this new facility and its associated jobs in Ohio. Also involved in this effort is Albrecht, the developer of the site that houses the new ChemImage facility in Stow, and the “next door” CoAdna Photonics facility that is also a liquid crystal device manufacturer that originated at the LCI. “In Albrecht, we’re fortunate to have a relationship with a company that is as interested as we are in growing and building technology in Northeast Ohio,” said Dr. Hiroshi Yokoyama, Director of the LCI. “The addition of a second liquid crystal-based company to the Hudson Drive complex is an exciting announcement for everyone involved.”

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LCI Highlights

Liquid Crystal Tunable Lens Demonstration

This year, nearing the end of a multi-year $794,000 contract to improve liquid crystal lenses, Kent State University was chosen to show the results of this effort in the “Innovation Zone” at the 2012 International Symposium of the Society for Information Display. As the Nation’s leader in liquid crystal technology development, the LCI was picked for this project that successfully demonstrated a liquid crystal lens with a tunable range of 5 diopters. Of particular note is that the performance of the lenses is diffraction limited in its resolving power. In the LCI’s advanced prototype facility, lenses were made in sheets of 300 cells, and then separated and bonded to a flexible electrical connector as shown below. Also shown is a microscope picture of a region of a lens showing high quality multi-level photolithograpy:

Images taken with lens OFF and ON demonstrate its high quality:

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LCI Highlights

Liquid Crystal Research Earns Kent State Professor Outstanding Research and Scholar Award

Antal Jákli, Ph.D., Kent State faculty member in the Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program since 2004 and a member of the Liquid Crystal Institute® staff since 1999, recently received an Outstanding Research and Scholar Award for his work in electro-optical, electro-mechanical and rheological properties of ferroelectric liquid crystals. The Outstanding Research and Scholar Awards recognize outstanding faculty members

for their notable scholarly contributions that have brought acknowledgement to their fields of study and to Kent State. Jákli’s research focuses on liquid crystals from bent-shape molecules, which are considered rare, as well as working on polymer fiber mats and phospholipids that make the biological cell membranes. He focuses a lot on liquid crystal’s electro-optical and electro-mechanical properties. This means that he studies what happens to their optical and mechanical properties when electrical fields are applied on them and vice-versa. He also studies induced electric signals when they are illuminated by light or deformed mechanically. These effects are important in sensors, actuators electric generators with light and mechanical deformations. They have uses in everyday life, anywhere from organic photovoltaics, to wearable micro power generators, as well as finding out how animals can navigate using magnetic fields. “I am very passionate about ferroelectric and piezoelectric liquid crystals and related systems,” says Jákli. “I am also grateful that I am able to work with so many great scientists at Kent State in the Liquid Crystal Institute and in the Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry." Along with being an associate editor of Physics Review E, Jákli has more than 160 articles in top journals of the world with more than 2,100 citations and 14 patents. Sole author for a Luckhurst-Samulski prize-winning summary paper in 2010, he has organized several international conferences on ferroelectric liquid crystals. Jákli has placed undergraduate and graduate students in laboratories outside of the United States with help from a National Science Foundation grant. These placements are an increasingly important part of educating students in a globally integrated world. “Professor Jákli is a great person to work with. His research has provided new understanding of the physical properties of ‘exotic’ phases of mater,” says fellow Chemical Physics Professor, Phil Bos. “His interest and ability to explain the complex behavior of liquid crystal materials at the collective molecular level, along with his fascinating and thought-provoking scientific lectures are essential to Kent State.” Jákli and other researchers are currently working on the continuation of the projects supported through two National Science Foundation grants. For more information about the Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program where Jákli works, visit www.kent.edu/cas/cpip. Source: Article reported in the June 11, 2012 issue of eInside, the official employee newsletter of Kent State University.

http://www.kent.edu/cas/cpip

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LCI Highlights

Ohio Third Frontier Approves $200,000 in Commercialization Grants to Kent State Researchers

The Ohio Third Frontier program recently made three separate grants to Kent State University researchers through the newly established Technology Validation and Start-up Fund, which promotes the commercialization of Ohio technologies developed by the state’s institutions of higher education. “These projects demonstrate our commitment as a university to high-quality research that supports the health and livelihood of the people of Ohio,” said Grant McGimpsey, Ph.D., Kent State’s Vice President for Research. “We would like to express our gratitude to the Third Frontier for showing confidence in our researchers and for supporting these efforts.” Joel Hughes, Ph.D., Associate Professor in Kent State’s Department of Psychology and Director of the university’s Applied Psychology Center will lead a $50,000 effort to develop the project “iLidRX - an Interoperating Medication Container for mHealth Management of Chronic Illnesses.” This venture will complete the development of a system for managing patient compliance in both clinical trials and the treatment of chronic diseases. “I think that this product could be completely revolutionary,” Hughes said. “At this point, we know that a major barrier to effective medical care is medication adherence. Solving this problem is a ‘holy grail’ of health behavior right now, and the iLidRx will be uniquely suited to improving medication taking, reducing medication errors and ultimately improving health.” Kent State Trustees Research Professor John L. West, Ph.D., from the university’s Liquid Crystal Institute and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, is spearheading a $50,000 materials science project titled “Controlled Cracking of ITO on Plastic Substrates” which will demonstrate the commercial viability of a manufacturing method for use in flexible electronics applications. “It’s an exciting new technology, and I’m glad the state has provided this support for it,” West said. “We will move quickly to build a prototype and commercialize this new technology.” A $100,000 Phase 2 grant was made to GraphSQL LLC, a newly established Portage County company co-funded by Kent State Associate Professor Ruoming Jin, Ph.D., from the Department of Computer Science. The grant will help develop the firm’s software system supporting graph data analysis for massive business data. “We also are very excited about this Phase 2 award for GraphSQL,” McGimpsey said. “This is an excellent example of university-private sector cooperation that reflects what we see as the university’s responsibility to promote economic development in the region through research and development.” Ohio Third Frontier, an unprecedented and bipartisan commitment to create new technology-based products, companies, industries and jobs, has attracted more than $6.6 billion in other investments to Ohio, and has a nearly 9 to 1 return on investment since its inception. The Ohio Third Frontier also has assisted in the creation and retention of more than 79,000 direct and indirect jobs for Ohioans. Source: Article reported on May 2, 2012 on the Kent State University News and Events website.

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LCI Highlights Society for Information Display Awards

At the Society for Information Display International Symposium, Boston, MA, June 3-8, 2012, numerous LCI colleagues received awards for their research papers. Some of these include: Lu Lu was given the honor of being selected as a Distinguished Paper of the 2012 SID International Symposium for her paper on “Tunable Polymer Localized Liquid-Crystal Lenses for Autostereoscopic 3D Displays.” Rafael Zola, Hossein Nemati and Deng-Ke Yang were given the honor of being selected as a Distinguished Paper of the 2012 SID International Symposium for their paper titled “Dual-Mode Reflective Cholesteric Display.” May 15-20, 2011 in Los Angeles, CA, Rafael Zola, received the 2011 Outstanding Student Paper of the Year Award for their paper titled “Limonene as a Chiral Dopant for Liquid Crystals: Characterization and Potential Applications.”

20

LCI Highlights

The New Transmission Electron Microscopy Lab at LCI, Kent State University The new LCI cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) lab has been operating since the beginning of 2011, which is a part of the Research Cluster on Surfaces in Advanced Materials (RC-SAM) and supported by the Ohio Research Scholars Program. The LCI TEM lab features a FEI Tecnai G2 F20 microscope, providing superb performance of a 0.24 nm point-to-point resolution and a 0.15 nm information limit in TEM mode and a 0.2 nm spot size in scanning TEM (STEM) mode. It enables not only atomic/nano-scale structural studies, but probing local chemistry and electronic structures (with the help of the most up-do-date EDAX energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer and Gatan imaging filter). The integrated low-dose exposure mode, anti-contaminator, and 4k×4k UltraScan CCD camera, and the accompanied FEI Vitrobot and Cryo holder make it ideal for the studies of soft matter materials, such as biomaterials, liquid crystals and polymers. Our mission is to provide world-class TEM-related service, collaboration, and teaching to support the research, education, and industry communities in the nearby region and beyond. So far the lab has served users for more than 1000 hours machine time on more than 600 samples with a continuously increasing usage. The current lab users include 15 research groups from Kent State University (Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, LCI), NeoMed, Ohio State University, and University of Akron, and 3 companies from Ohio and Massachusetts. Since June 2011, 19 users from Kent State University and AlphaMicron have taken the training on self-use of basic TEM techniques, while 7 users from Kent State University and Ohio State University have become self-users of cryo-TEM. Though we are still in the process of improving our service, we are proud to say that the new TEM lab is already running at a high standard and is becoming a powerful workhorse for cross-disciplinary (materials science/biology/nanotechnology) research in northeast Ohio. The TEM lab is routinely operated by Dr. Min Gao (Research Scientist). Min is an established experimentalist with extensive experience in a variety of material characterization techniques, especially those based on electron microscopy. More information can be found about our true value-added services and collaborations at our website: Source: http://www.lcinet.kent.edu/organization/facility/characterization/tem/fac_TEM_main.html

http://www.lcinet.kent.edu/organization/facility/characterization/tem/fac_TEM_main.html

21

TEM Images

Figure 1: High resolution TEM image and electron diffraction of individual gold nanorods.

Figure 2: Energy dispersive x-ray spectral imaging of silica coated gold nanorods.

22

TEM Images

Figure 3: Cryo-TEM images of bio-materials.

Figure 4: Cryo-(S)TEM images from liquid crystals.

Figure 5: Training scene.

23

LCI Highlights Summer 2011 REU Participants

The Liquid Crystal Institute participates with the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry in the Undergraduate Summer Research Experience (REU). Undergraduate students spend ten weeks in the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Liquid Crystal Institute research laboratories working with faculty and other researchers on exciting projects in the areas of liquid crystals, materials (biomaterials & nanomaterials) and biological membranes. Below are the list of participants who worked in the Liquid Crystal Institute and their advisors during the Summer of 2011: Name University Major Advisor Victoria Alao Western Illinois University Biochemistry C. Kim Julio Avila California State University,

Dominguez Hills Biochemistry Q. Wei

Nolan Brown Kent State University Biotechnology A. Jákli Stuart McKaige Kent State University Physics/Applied

Mathematics R. Selinger

Katherine Starr Cuyahoga Community College Physics Q. Wei

24

Liquid Crystal Institute Staff

Name (end date) Year

Appointed Title (beginning year of current title) Philip J. Bos 1994 Associate Director (1997), Professor, Chemical Physics (2001) Douglas R. Bryant 1993 Manager, Display Engineering (1998) Janet Cash (10/12) 2007 Business Manager (2010) Liang-Chy Chien 1989 Professor, Chemical Physics (2001), Interim Director, Chemical

Physics (2011) Lynn A. Fagan 2002 Senior Secretary (2006) James J. Francl 1990 Research Specialist (1990) Merrill M. Groom 1986 Research Engineer II (2006) Elda Hegmann 2011 Assistant Professor, Chemistry & Biochemistry (2011) Torsten Hegmann 2011 Ohio Research Scholar, Associate Professor, Chemical Physics

(2007) Leo Holmberg 2010 Term Position (2010) Antal I. Jákli 1999 Associate Professor, Chemical Physics (2007) Chanjoong Kim 2008 Assistant Professor, Chemical Physics (2008) Mary Ann Kopcak 2010 Business Analyst, Associate (2012) Oleg D. Lavrentovich 1992 Trustees Research Professor (2011), Professor, Chemical

Physics (2000) Quan Li 2004 Senior Research Fellow (2004) Yannian Li 2008 Sr. Chemist (2010) Steve McCann 2012 Business Manager (2012) Dawn Miller 2007 Grants Assistant (2007) Peter Palffy-Muhoray 1987 Associate Director (1990), Professor, Chemical Physics (1994) Liou Qiu 1998 Research Specialist (2001) Jonathan V. Selinger 2005 Ohio Eminent Scholar; Professor, Chemical Physics Robin L.B. Selinger 2005 Professor, Chemical Physics Christine Shih 2009 Term Position Qi-Huo Wei 2006 Assistant Professor, Chemical Physics John L. West 1984 Trustees Research Professor (2012), Professor of Chemistry

(1997) Deng-Ke Yang 1992 Professor, Chemical Physics (2004) Hiroshi Yokoyama 2009 Director (2011), Ohio Research Scholar, Professor, Chemical

Physics (2009) Liquid Crystal Institute Emeriti

Name (end date) Year

Appointed Title (beginning year of current title) J. William Doane 1979-1996 Emeritus Director; Emeritus Professor of Physics Mary E. Neubert 1972-2002 Emeritus Senior Research Fellow Alfred Saupe 1968-1992 Emeritus Professor of Physics (deceased)

25

Liquid Crystal Institute Research Personnel

Faculty/Senior Staff Support Department; Grants Philip J. Bos LCI/CPIP, eVision, Intel, Pixel Optics, ATK/NASA Liang-Chy Chien LCI/CPIP, NSF, ICAM, Orbotech, James Gleeson Physics, NSF Structured Fluids Elda Hegmann LCI/Chemistry & Biochemistry Torsten Hegmann LCI/CPIP Antal Jákli LCI/CPIP, NSF Ultra Thin, NSF Structured Fluids, ICAM,

CRELIC Chanjoong Kim LCI/CPIP, NSF US/Egypt, OBR-Synthesis Satyendra Kumar Physics, Research & Sponsored Programs, US DOE Oleg D. Lavrentovich LCI, AFOSR, ORSP, DOE, Samsung, ORSP, NSF Materials Quan Li LCI, AFOSR, US DOE Elizabeth Mann Physics, NSF Ultr Thin, RI Plasmonic Peter Palffy-Muhoray LCI/CPIP, NSF Nonlinear Paul Sampson Chemistry, RI Ferroelectric Alexander Seed Biochemistry, RI Ferroelectric Jonathan V. Selinger Ohio Eminent Scholar Endowed Chair, LCI/CPIP, NSF

Topological, NSF Modeling Robin L.B. Selinger LCI/CPIP, OBR-Flex, NIST-Atomic, NIST-Experimental

Studies, OBR-Numerical, NSF S STEM, NSF Topological Samuel N. Sprunt Physics, NSF Structured Fluids, NSF Materials, US DOE Qi-Huo Wei LCI/CPIP, NSF Plasmonic, NSF Scaling Laws, LXD/NSF

SERS, Samsung, OBR-RI Plasmonic John L. West Provost Office, College of Arts & Sciences, KIMM Intel, KDI

ODOD, KDI Advanced Deng-Ke Yang LCI/CPIP, ITRI, MFLEX, Azimuth Hiroshi Yokoyama LCI, Ohmichi, LXD, Samsung Xiaoyu Zheng Math, NSF Diffusion

26

Liquid Crystal Institute Faculty

Current Faculty Rank Appointed Tenure Philip J. Bos Associate Professor (1995), Professor (2001) 1995 1998 Liang-Chy Chien Associate Professor (1995), Professor (2001) 1995 1998 Torsten Hegmann Associate Professor (2011) 2011 2012 Antal Jákli Assistant Professor (2004), Associate Professor

(2007) 2004 2007

Chanjoong Kim Assistant Professor (2008) 2008 Oleg D. Lavrentovich Associate Professor (1994), Professor (2000) 1994 1997 Peter Palffy-Muhoray Professor (1994) 1994 1997 Jonathan V. Selinger Professor (2005) 2005 2005 Robin L.B. Selinger Professor (2005) 2005 2005 Qi-Huo Wei Assistant Professor (2006) 2006 2010 Deng-Ke Yang Assistant Professor (1995), Associate Professor

(1999), Professor (2004) 1995 1999

Hiroshi Yokoyama Professor (2009) 2009 2009 Joint Professors Permanent Position Term David W. Allender Physics Department 1996 Eugene C. Gartland, Jr. Mathematical Sciences Department 1996 Satyendra Kumar Physics Department 1995 Adjunct Professors Permanent Position Term Albert M. Green Kent Displays, Inc. 2007-Present Asad Khan Kent Displays, Inc. 2007-Present Quan Li Liquid Crystal Institute 2004-Present Christopher Mullin Dynamic Eye, Inc. 2008-Present Sergij Shiyanovskii Liquid Crystal Institute 2004-Present Bahman Taheri AlphaMicron, Inc. 1998-Present Philip Westerman Emeritus Professor, NEOUCOM 1997-Present Emeritus Professors J.W. Doane 1997-Present Graduate Coordinators Peter Palffy-Muhoray 1994-1997 Jack R. Kelly 1997-2002 Oleg D. Lavrentovich 2002-2003 Liang-Chy Chien 2003-2008 Robin Selinger 2008-2010 Deng-Ke Yang 2010-2012 Jonathan Selinger 2012-Present

27

Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Graduate Students

Graduate Student Start/End Date

Univ/Grant Support Advisor

Seyedeh Sajedeh Afghah

2012 Physics, NSF Topological R. Selinger

Volodymyr Borshch 2007 DOE O. Lavrentovich Jia Chen 2009-2012 CPIP, MURI P. Palffy-

Muhoray Cheng Cheng 2010 NSF Plasmonic Nanocavities, CPIP,

NSF PFI Q. Wei, PPM/Yokoyama

Hsien-Hui Cheng 2009 CPIP, Intel P. Bos Pedro Coutino Soto 2011 CPIP, High Speed LCD Displays L. Chien Yue Cui 2008 MFLEX Investigation on the

Relation, OLED Light Extraction D. Yang

Christopher Culbreath 2008 MURI, Samsung/Makless Photorubbing

P. Palffy-Muhoray, H. Yokoyama

Andrew DeMiglio 2010 Other Nicholas Diorio 2007 NSF - Structured Fluids A. Jákli Valerie Finnemeyer 2010 IGERT P. Bos Jun Geng 2007-2012 NSF Modeling Actuation, CPIP J. Selinger, R.

Selinger Vianney Gimenez 2007 Flex Cholesteric Displays, NSF,

CPIP J. Selinger, R. Selinger

Nikolaus Glazer 2009 CPIP H. Yokoyama, P. Palffy-Muhoray

Yubing Guo 2011 CPIP, Qi-Huo Farris Award Q. Wei Wilder Iglesias 2007-2012 NSF Ultra Thin Films A. Jákli Bhuwan Prasad Joshi 2011 NSF STTR Q. Wei Emine Kemiklioglu 2009 CPIP, Orbotech-Micro Capsulated

Liq Cry Light Modular Materials L. Chien

MinSu Kim 2010 LCI/CPIP, MURI P. Palffy-Muhoray, H. Yokoyama

Young Ki Kim 2009 CPIP, Samsung Biaxial O. Lavrentovich Jakub Kolacz 2010 OBR Nanofluid, CPIP, NSF

Plasmonic, OBR-RI Plasmonic Q. Wei

Andrew Konya 2010 OBR Numerical Simulation, NSF Topological, CPIP

R. Selinger

Israel Lazo Martinez 2006 NSF DMR Electrophoresis O. Lavrentovich Da-Wei Lee 2009 West Discretionary, KIMM, KDI J. West Liwei Li 2007 eVision Project P. Bos Lu Lu 2007-2012 Pixel Optics P. Bos Alireza Moheghi 2011 LCI/CPIP H. Yokoyama

28

Graduate Student Start/End Date

Univ/Grant Support Advisor

Jason Morvan 2009-2012 KDI/ODOD Changeable Color Skins, RI Highly Birefringent Ferroelectric, KIMM-Intl Flexible Elctro Optics

A. Jákli, West

Souptik Mukherjee 2009 Other H. Yokoyama Hossein Nemati 2010 CPIP, R&D, ITRI D. Yang Shokir Abdimajitovich Pardaev

2012 NSF Structured Fluids, Physics J. Gleeson

Chenhui Peng 2011 CPIP, NSF Structured fluids A. Jákli Mykhailo Pevnyi 2009 CPIP, NSF PFI, MURI, LC

Conference, LCI/PPM Labview P. Palffy-Muhoray

Everet Rhinehalt 2012 Alcom L. Chien Seyyed Muhammad Salili

2011 LCI/CPIP T. Hegmann

Anshul Sharma 2012 LCI T. Hegmann Mansoureh Shasti 2012 NSF Structured fluids, Physics J. Gleeson Shoujia Shi 2009 CPIP/ LCI, MURI, Ohmichi P. Palffy-

Muhoray, Yokoyama

Andrii Varanytsia 2012 CPIP, NSF P. Palffy-Muhoray

Feng Wang 2006 NSF Plasmonic Nanocavities Q. Wei Mengfei Wang 2010 Airforce-Light Driven,

Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D, Airforce-Novel Organo

Q. Li

Libo Weng 2011 CPIP D. Yang Hugh Wonderly 2011 LCI/CPIP O. Lavrentovich Matt Worden 2012 LCI T. Hegmann Jie Xiang 2009 NSF Materials, NSF Electrophoresis,

DOE O. Lavrentovich

Huan Yan 2010 CPIP, LCI Start up for Chan Kim L. Chien, C. Kim Cuiya Zhang 2009 NSF Structured Fluids A. Jákli Lei Zhao 2008 KDI/Advanced Liquid Crystal Chiral J. West Shuang Zhou 2009 DOE, NSF Materials, CDxx Crystal

Diagnostics, CEMRI O. Lavrentovich

Xiaochen Zhou 2011 CPIP L. Chien Rafael Zola 2007-2012 ITRI-Cholesteric Liquid Crystal

Matrix Reflective Display D. Yang

29

Students Co-advised by CPIP Faculty Graduate Students Department Univ/Grant Support CPIP Co-Advisor Hari Atkuri 2010-2012 Other J. West Ayan Chakrabarty 2011 NSF Scaling Law Q. Wei Saonti Chakraborty 2011 NSF Structured Fluids A. Jákli Pavan Kumar Challa 2012 NSF Structured Fluids, OBR A. Jákli Ayhan Duzgun 2012 LCI J. Selinger Bhuwan Joshi 2009-2011 LXD Q. Wei Badel Mbanga 2004-2012 Other R. Selinger

Dissertation Committees Student Department Committee Member Jun Geng Chemical Physics R. Selinger Ning Ruan Computer Science R. Selinger Ryan Turner Caltech, Chemical Engineering R. Selinger

30

Scholarships & Fellowships Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program

Individual Scholarship Name Andrii Varanytsia Fulbright Scholarship

Valerie Finnemeyer Integrated Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT)

Pedro Coutino Soto CONACYT Scholarship

31

Graduate Degrees Awarded Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program

Doctor of Philosophy

Student Dissertation/Thesis Title Date Advisor Jun Geng Self-Assembly, Elasticity, and

Orientational Order in Soft Matter December 2011

J. Selinger

Sarah Hicks Polymer Dispersed and Stabilized Liquid Crystals

December 2011

D. Yang

Badel Mbanga

Hybrid Particle-Finite Element Elastodynamics Simulations of Nematic Liquid Crystal Elastomers

February 2012 R. Selinger

Rafael Zola Effects of Electric Field, Surface Alignment and Guest Materials in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

March 2012 D. Yang

Masters Degree

Student Dissertation/Thesis Title Date Advisor Jia Chen Seed-Mediated Synthesis, Functionalization,

Alignment and Characterization of Gold Nanorods

March 2012 P. Palffy-Muhoray

Jason Morvan Highly Piezoelectric Soft Composite Fibers March 2012 A. Jákli

Placement of Personnel Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program

Graduates Employment Jia Chen Unknown Jun Geng Buttonwood Trading Group LLC.

Sarah Hicks Liquid Crystal Electro - Optics Engineer, SBG Labs, Sunnyvale, CA.

Badel Mbanga University of Massachusetts, Amherst Jason Morvan ChemImage Rafael Zola Professor, University of Maringa, Brazil

32

Visiting Scientists Liquid Crystal Institute

Name Home Institution Start Date End Date Nejmettin Avci (Lavrentovich)

Mugla University, Turkey February 21, 2011 July 31, 2012

Jae-Hoon Kim (Chien)

College of Engineering Hanyang University, Seoul Korea

June 1, 2010 May 31, 2012

Ebru Buyuktanir (West)

Stark State College, Canton, Ohio

January 25, 2011 January 24, 2012

Gi-Dong Lee (Chien)

Dong-A-University, Pusan, Korea

February 1, 2011 February 28, 2013

Yuka Tabe (Yokoyama)

Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

April 1, 2011 September 29, 2011

Vassili Nazarenko (Lavrentovich)

Institute of Physics, Ukraine

May 4, 2011 May 11, 2011

Oscar Bolduvino (Palffy-Muhoray)

Autonomous University of Tamqulipas, Mexico

June 1, 2011 August 15, 2011

Lech Longa (Allender/Lavrentovich)

Jagellian University, Institute of Physics, Krakow, Poland

June 26, 2011 July 4, 2011

Homma Michinori (Bos)

Department of Electronics and Info Systems, Akita Prefectural University, Japan

July 4, 2011 October 10, 2011

K. B. Khalil Wagdy (Kim)

Genetic Engineering and Bioltechnology Division, National Research Centre, Egypt

July 15, 2011 July 30, 2011

Daniela Pucci (Lavrentovich)

Department of Chemistry, Universita of Calabria

August 30, 2011 September 8, 2011

Ozgul Birel (Li)

Mugla University, Turkey September 4, 2011 February 2, 2012

Ruyi Sun (Li)

East China University of Science and Technology, China

September 11, 2011 March 13, 2013

Chunxiu Zhang (Li)

Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, China

September 20, 2011 February 28, 2012

33

Name Home Institution Start Date End Date Nandrajer Rao (Lavrentovich)

Asam University December 7, 2011 December 23, 2011

Sun Woo Park (Yang/Yokoyama)

Chonbuk National University

December 15, 2011 March 31, 2012

Hong Jun Yun (Yang/Yokoyama)


December 15, 2011 March 31, 2012

Taras Turiv (Lavrentovich)

Ukraine January 2, 2012 December 20, 2012

Daniel Wenzlik (Palffy-Muhoray)

Germany March 1, 2012 April 30, 2012

Pan He (Wei)

Fudan University, China April 1, 2012 February 28, 2013

Pei-Chun Liao (Chien)

China April 1, 2012 April 31, 2013

Il Hwa Jeong (Yang/Yokoyama)


June 20, 2012 August 31, 2012

Hye Ryung Park (Yang/Yokoyama)


June 20, 2012 August 31, 2012

34

Grants and Contracts, 2011-2012

Liquid Crystal Institute Note: 2012 Amount represents what was spent in 2012.

Index # Agency Total Award

2012 Grant Period Start

Grant Period

End

Project Title PI Co-Pi's LCI

220494 Farris Family Innovative Award

24,000 1,599 9/1/2009 8/31/2012 Development and Fundamental Studies of Biaxial Colloidal Systems

Wei

220572 KSU Research Incentive

22,431 - 5/1/2011 4/30/2012 Ionic Cholesteric LC Yang

220574 KSU Research Incentive

22,638 3,178 5/1/2011 4/30/2012 Elastomer Op/Labview Palffy-Muhoray

402002 National Science Foundation

240,000 39,798 9/1/2011 8/31/2013 Topological Defects. Curved Geometries and Shape Evolution in Soft Matter

Selinger, R. Selinger, J.

402006 National Institute of Standards and Technology

600,000 70,289 9/15/2011 8/31/2014 PFI: Partnership for Innovation on Liquid-Crystal Interfaces

Palffy-Muhoray

Yokoyama, Diacon


599,999 - 8/1/2012 7/31/2017 Scholarship for Broadening Participation in Science

Maletic Selinger, R. Case, Ortiz, Portman

412000 National Institute of Standards and Technology

327,399 133,946 9/1/2011 8/31/2014 Finite Element Modeling of Indentation Measurements

Selinger, R.

412001 Intel Corporation 189,000 2,031 12/8/2011 12/7/2014 Liquid Crystal based optical components for 3D user interface systems

Bos

412002 LG Display Co, LTD

50,000 701 10/15/2011 10/14/2012 Development of High Speed In-Plane-Switching Liquid Crystal Displays

Chien


70,000 3,573 9/15/2011 8/31/2017 UW Center of Excellence for Materials Research and Innovation (CEMRI) on Structured Surfaces (MRSEC)

Lavrentovich

35



Grant Period

End


412005 ChemImage Corp 107,040 1,054 9/26/2011 9/26/2013 Manufacturing of Liquid Crystal Cells to Produce Multi-Conjugate Filters for Use in Hyperspectral Imaging Sensors

Bos

412006 Universal Display Corporation

73,681 11,435 1/16/2012 1/15/2013 OLED Light Extraction Project Yang

440606 US Dept Energy 850,176 120,636 8/15/2006 8/14/2013 Electric Field Effects in LCs with Dielectric Disperson

Lavrentovich Shiyanovskii

440658 US Dept Energy 1,225,000 301,333 9/1/2009 2/28/2013 Biaxiality the Thermotropic Bent-Core & Tetrapodic Nematic LC

S Kumar Li, Q., Sprunt


92,000 12,540 9/15/2007 8/31/2011 Collaborative Research in Europe on Liquid Crystals (CRELIC-IRES)

Jákli


300,000 34,852 8/15/2006 1/31/2012 Modeling Actuation and Shape Selection in Soft Materials

Selinger, R. Selinger, J.


499,926 33,151 9/15/2006 8/31/2012 S-STEM Scholarships for Broadening Participation Sciences

Maletic Ortiz, R. Selinger, et al.


3,500 - 4/1/2007 9/30/2011 REU Site at KSU: Liquid Crystals & Advanced materials

Gericke Tweig


336,000 34,016 9/1/2007 8/31/2012 Materials World Network on Lyotropic Chromonic LCs

Sprunt Lavrentovich


206,812 77,877 10/1/2008 9/30/2012 Scaling Laws for NanoFET sensors

Wei


446,200 92,428 7/15/2009 6/30/2013 Collaborative Res:Self Assembly in Ultrathin Films of Bent Core Molecules: Experiment, Stimulations, and Application

Mann Jákli


135,000 40,509 9/15/2009 8/31/2012 Nonlinear Diffusion on a Sphere Palffy-Muhoray

Zheng


400,000 96,060 3/1/2010 2/28/2015 Plasmonic Nanocavities for Single Molecole Detection

Wei

36



Grant Period

End



493,916 236,651 5/15/2010 4/30/2013 Structured Fluids from Reduced Symmetry Molecules

Jákli Sprunt, Gleeson


50,000 36,462 10/1/2010 9/30/2012 US Egypt Cooperative Research: Surface Modification & Size Dependence of

Kim


12,000 12,000 2/1/2011 1/31/2012 Gordon Research Conference on Liquid Crystals

Chien


580,000 130,247 9/1/2011 8/31/2013 Electrophoresis in Liquid Crystals

Lavrentovich

444208 AFOSR 625,000 122,554 3/1/2009 2/28/2014 Light Driven Chiral Molecular Motors for Passive Agile Filters

Li

444211 AFOSR 750,000 205,874 5/1/2009 4/30/2014 Novel Organo Soluble Optically Tunable Chiral Hybrid Gold Nanorods

Li

444212 KIMM 101,244 34,504 1/1/2009 12/31/2011 Establishment of the Intl network for flexible electro-optics devices

West

444214 ODOD/KDI 598,037 152,224 5/29/2009 8/31/2012 Electronically Changeable Color Skins for Consumer Electronics

West

444215 MFLEX 113,804 42,874 12/1/2009 11/30/2011 Investigation on the Relation Between Anchoring Energy of Polymer Surface and …

Yang

444221 Industrial Technology Research Institute

188,012 29,601 7/1/2010 6/30/2012 Cholesteric Liquid Matrix Reflective Display

Yang

444224 Kent Displays 163,800 87,976 5/17/2010 5/16/2012 Advanced Liquid Crystal Chiral & Dye Materials for Flexible Liquid Films

West

444225 Ohmichi Industrial Co. Ltd.

150,000 16,118 9/1/2010 8/31/2013 Research on Smectic Foams Yokoyama

444232 Azimuth 145,150 27,508 3/15/2011 4/30/2013 R&D of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal/Polymers

Yang

444286 AFOSR 5,582,415 693,172 5/1/2006 4/30/2012 MURI on Self-Assembled Soft Optical NIMS

Palffy-Muhoray

Lav.

37



Grant Period

End


444307 NIST 469,310 26,770 9/1/2008 8/31/2011 Finite Element Modeling of Multiaxial Deformation of Metals

R. Selinger

444310 NIST 365,460 56,977 8/1/2009 7/31/2012 Atomic Scale Modeling for Nanomechanics Experiments

Selinger, R.

444311 eVision, LLC 394,100 184,799 8/1/2009 7/31/2012 eVision Project Bos 444313 Pixel Optics Inc. 104,000 26,608 5/15/2010 6/14/2012 Low Cost, Continuously Tunable

Electro-Optic Lens Requiring Simple Drive Electronics

Bos

444314 Intel 100,000 42,574 3/22/2010 3/21/2012 Low Power Bos 444316 LXD/National

Science Foundation

89,500 26,003 7/1/2010 7/1/2011 Novel Nanostructured Substrates for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Wei

444317 ATK Space Systems/NASA

40,983 24,643 7/7/2010 8/31/2012 Development of Particle-Based Flow Diagnostic Techniques

Bos

444318 Orbotech 56,462 16,964 8/3/2010 2/2/2011 Micro-Capsulated Liquid Cyrstal Light Modulator Materials

LC Chien

444319 NIST 430,165 119,911 10/1/2010 9/30/2013 Experimental Studies of High Strength & Advanced High Strength Steel Under Multiazial Deformation

Selinger, R.

444320 Crystal Diagnostics

15,008 7,624 8/1/2010 9/30/2010 Surface alignment of disodium cromoglycate

Lavrentovich

444321 ICAM, University of California

5,000 480 4/1/2011 9/30/2011 2011 Gordon Research Conference

Chien

444322 Ohio Board of Regents

35,000 18,129 3/1/2011 4/30/2013 Research incentive: plasmonic Metal-Dielectric-Metal Photodetectors for Infrared Polarimetric Imaging

Wei Mann

444323 LXD 30,000 30,000 3/1/2011 9/1/2011 Micro-Engineered Surface alignment and Liquid Crystal Devices

Yokoyama

38



Grant Period

End


444324 International Institute for Complex Adaptive Mater

7,500 7,500 4/1/2011 3/31/2012 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

Jákli

444424 Samsung 500,000 146,005 7/1/2010 6/30/2011 (FPA)

Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystal (BNLC) and Fast Switching Modes for Displays

Allender Lavrentovich, Kumar


50,000 50,000 6/15/2009 6/14/2012 Numerical Simulations & Lab Observations of Sulfuric Acid-Water-Organics Ternary

Lee Selinger, R.


35,000 473 5/15/2010 11/14/2011 Synthesis of Mondisperse Mesoporous Silica-Based Microcapsules Using a Mocrofluid Method

Jaroniec Kim


35,000 22,100 3/1/2011 4/30/2012 Research Incentive: 5-Alkoxythienothiophenes: A New Class of Highly Birefringent Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Materials

Jákli Sampson, Seed


277,903 16,200 9/1/2009 8/31/2011 ARRA:Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering & Fluorescence Confocal Polarizing

Lavrentovich

446800, 446801, 446802

ODOD 15,292,382 1,276,730 8/18/2008 8/17/2013 Research Cluster on Surfaces in Advanced Materials

Lavrentovich West, Palffy-Muhoray, Yang

NA College of Arts & Sciences

19,000 3,166 5/7/2012 5/6/2013 Biodegradable Side Chain Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Smart responsive scaffolds for stem cell differentiation

Hegmann, E. Hegmann, T.

NA College of Arts & Sciences

40,000 - 5/7/2012 5/6/2014 High Throughput Microfluidic Method for Measuring Cell Stiffness

Kim

39

Proposals for Extramural Support, 2011-2012 Liquid Crystal Institute

Status Title Sponsor Name PI Start End Total

Awarded

Liquid Crystal-based Optical Components for 3D User Interface Systems Intel Corporation Bos 9/1/2011 8/31/2014

189,000

Awarded

Color Shift Reduction and Fast Response Time of PSA VA and FFS Modes AU Optronics Corporation Chien 4/1/2012 3/31/2014

189,483

Awarded

Chromonic phase behavior based on planar discs functionalized with EO (ethylenoxy) groups

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U.K

Lavrentovich, Wilson 7/1/2011 6/30/2014

384,942

Awarded Controlled Cracking of ITO on Plastic Substrates Ohio Department of Development West 6/1/2012 5/31/2013

48,109

Awarded Simulation Study of OLED Light Extraction Universal Display Corporation Yang 1/1/2012 12/31/2012

75,000

Awarded

New Concept Devices Based on Nanoscale Engineering of Polymer-Liquid Crystal Interface Ohio Department of Development Yokoyama 7/1/2012 6/30/2015

3,000,000

Held for Funds Availability

Development of Particle-Based Flow Diagnostic Techniques (Continuation) ATK Aerospace Bos 9/1/2011 3/31/2012

17,000


Structured Fluids from Reduced Symmetry Molecules - Supplement National Science Foundation Jákli 7/1/2012 6/30/2013

33,916


Research and Development of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal - Supplement Azimuth Corporation Yang 8/1/2011 3/31/2012

47,650


Research and Development of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal/Polymers - Supplement Azimuth Corporation

Yang, Deng-Ke 3/1/2012 2/28/2013

47,500

Not Awarded Research on Stimuli-Responsive Blue Phases and Colloidal Swimmers National Science Foundation Chien 9/1/2012 8/31/2015

605,912

Not Awarded Materials World Network: Fibers formed by bent-core liquid crystals National Science Foundation Jákli 7/1/2012 6/30/2015

423,283

40


Not Awarded Piezoelectric Driving of Flexible Digital Writing Tablet Display National Science Foundation Jákli 9/1/2012 8/31/2015

414,109

Not Awarded CAREER: Perturbed Dynamics of Arrested Out-of-Equilibrium Systems National Science Foundation Kim 3/1/2012 2/28/2017

794,809

Not Awarded DMREF: Collaborative Research on Soft Brownian Glasses National Science Foundation Kim 9/1/2012 8/31/2015

299,348

Not Awarded Synthesis and Rheology of Bio-Inspired Strain-Stiffening Elastomers National Science Foundation Kim 6/1/2012 5/31/2015

461,137

Not Awarded Energy Efficiency through Soft Active Metamatter (EET-SAMM)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lavrentovich 9/1/2012 8/31/2017

20,000,000

Not Awarded

Acquisition of a High-Field Cryogen –free Superconducting Magnet System with Flexible Access for Optical and Electronic Studies of Soft Matter National Science Foundation

Lavrentovich, Gleeson 9/1/2012 8/31/2015

352,014

Not Awarded

NRI-Small: Collaborative Research: Cooperative Optical Fiber Microgrippers Using Light Driven Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks National Science Foundation Li 7/1/2012 6/30/2017

560,088

Not Awarded Liquid Crystal Based Hand-Held Rapid Immunity Assessment Tool Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Palffy-Muhoray 7/1/2012 6/30/2015

3,000,000

Not Awarded

Materials World Network: Inhomogeneous Liquid Crystalline Solids--Micro Actuators and Origami National Science Foundation Selinger, R. 10/1/2012 9/30/2015

559,379

Not Awarded

Collaborative Research: Infrared Effects on Conjugated Polymer Junctions Integrated with Plasmonic Nanocavities National Science Foundation Wei 8/1/2012 7/31/2015

353,210

Not Awarded

Collaborative Research: Organic Photovoltaic Cells Integrated with Perfect Absorbing Plasmonic Nanopatch Antennas for Enhancing Efficiency National Science Foundation Wei 9/1/2012 8/31/2015

280,000

Pending High Performance Spatially Controlled Optical Attenuator Physical Sciences Inc. Chien 9/1/2012 5/31/2013

45,000

41


Pending

Materials World Network: Collaborative Research on Blue Phases and Colloidal Swimmers National Science Foundation Chien 9/1/2012 8/31/2015

611,800

Pending Optics of Liquid Crystal Conference 2013

Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter Chien 10/31/2012 11/1/2013

21,650

Pending Photo-Alignment FFS Mode Display AU Optronics Corporation Chien 4/1/2012 3/31/2014 205,167

Pending Novel Blue Phase Materials and Composites American Chemical Society Hegmann, T. 7/1/2012 8/31/2014

100,000

Pending

Electromechanical effects in stem cells and their role in cell differentiation W. M. Keck Foundation Jákli 1/1/2013 12/31/2015

1,059,104

Pending

Nanoarchitectured chromonic liquid crystals advance semiconducting media for organic photovoltaics CRDF Gobal Lavrentovich 8/1/2012 7/31/2014

16,000

Pending Polyimide Mixtures for Chromonic Alignment Crystal Diagnostics, Ltd. Lavrentovich 9/1/2011 2/28/2012

35,000

Pending Preparation of Infra-Red Dye for Photon X Photon-X Lavrentovich 6/27/2011 9/27/2011

31,049

Pending Soft Active Metamatter National Science Foundation Lavrentovich 9/1/2013 8/31/2018 25,000,000

Pending

EAGER: Development of Graphene-Quantum-Dot-Based Plasmonic Amplifier

Polytechnic Institute of New York University Wei 3/1/2012 8/31/2013

65,000

Pending

Experimental and Numerical Studies of Liquid Crystal Phases and Defects in Confined Geometries American Chemical Society Wei 9/1/2013 8/31/2015

100,000

Pending

GaN Field Effect Transistors with Negative Differential Resistance for THz Emission

The Ohio State University Research Foundation Wei 4/1/2012 3/31/2015

200,000

Pending

Novel Nanostructured Substrates for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Hitron Technologies, Inc. Wei 1/1/2012 12/31/2013

220,000

Pending

Ultrafast, Ultra-accurate Single Molecule DNA Sequencing by AFM/Roxane NeoTech Development Co LLC Wei 7/1/2012 6/30/2014

242,000

42


Pending Bistable Switchable Liquid Crystal Window Ohio Department of Development

Yang, Deng-Ke 9/1/2012 8/31/2013

50,000

Pending Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute Carnegie Mellon University Yokoyama 9/1/2012 8/31/2015

1,200,000

Pending

Liquid Crystal-based Next Generation e-paper Devices by Micro-engineered Surfaces (Phase 2) Hitron Technologies, Inc. Yokoyama 6/1/2012 5/31/2014

120,000

43

Patents, Applications, Invention Disclosures Liquid Crystal Institute

Patents Number & Date Title and Inventors 8,081,272 Method of Fabricating Electro-Optical Devices with KSU 254 Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystal Molecules 12/20/11 L.C. Chien, S. Kim, L. Komitov 8,199,286 B2 Polymer Stabilized Electrically Controlled Birefringence KSU 256 Transflective LCD 06/12/12 D. Yang, Zhou 8,054,413 Stressed Liquid Crystal Materials for Light Modulation KSU 262 (non-excl licensed to Meadowlark/Displaytech)- 11/08/11 Displaytech terminating 2008 J. West, A. Glushchenko 8,035,279 Electro-Mechanical Energy Conversion Devices and KSU 316 Systems 10/11/11 J. Gleeson, J. Harden, A. Jákli, P. Palffy-Muhoray, S.Sprunt 8,056,398 Broad Range Nano-liter Rheometer KSU 325 A. Jákli, C. Bailey 11/15/11

44

Publications Liquid Crystal Institute

Philip Bos Peer Reviewed Journals Y. Huang, A. Bhowmik, and P. J. Bos, “Characterization of Ionic Impurities Adsorbed onto a 5 degrees SiOx Alignment Film” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 51, (3) No. 031701, DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.51.031701 (2012). Y. Huang, P. J. Bos, and A. Bhowmik, “The effect of salt on ion absorption on a SiOx alignment film and reduced conductivity of a liquid crystal host,” Journal of Applied Physics 111, (2) No. 04501, DOI: 10.1063/1.3676263 (2012). Conference Proceedings and Technical Reports L. Lu, V. Sergan, T. Van Heugten, D. Duston, A. Bhowmik, and P. Bos, “Tunable Polymer Localized Liquid Crystal Lenses for Autostereoscopic 3D Displays,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 43, (1) 379, (2012). L. Li, D. Bryant, T. Van heugten, D. Duston, and P. J. Bos, “Overview of factor Affecting Lens Performance for 3D Displays,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 43, (1) 379, (2012). L. Lu, A. Alagh, and P. J. Bos, “LCD failure evaluation methods and application to effect of dc drive,” Proceedings of SPIE: Liquid Crystals XV 8114, No. 811416, DOI: 10.1117/12.893608, (2011). Liang-Chy Chien Books and Chapters in Books L.C. Chien, C. Catanescu, and L. Li, Spatially-ordered polymers self-assembled in ordered liquid crystal templates, Chapter 2 in Crosslinked Liquid Crystalline Systems: From Rigid Polymer Networks to Elastomers, D. Broer, G.P. Crawford, and S. Zumer, Eds., Taylor and Francis, (2011).pp. 49-69. Peer Reviewed Journals J.-M. Wong, J.-Y. Hwang, and L.-C. Chien, “Electrically reconfigurable and thermally sensitive optical properties of gold nanorods dispersed liquid crystal blue phase,” Soft Matter, 7, 7956-7959, (2011). J.-Y. Hwang, D.-S. Seoa, and L.-C. Chien, “Liquid crystal alignment on inorganic film by ion beam irradiation for flexible display applications”, Liq. Cryst. 38, 877-883, (2011).

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C. Braganza, L.-C. Chien, M. Fisch, and R. Petschek, “Spectrographic ellipsometry study of a liquid crystal display substrate consisting of thin films of SiO2, polyimide and indium tin oxide glass”, Thin Solid Films, 519, 4384-4389, (2011). Conference Proceedings and Technical Reports L.-C. Chien and H. Yokoyama, “Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies VI,” The Proceeding of International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7955, (2011). K. Blankenbach, L.-C. Chien, S-D. Lee, and M.H. Wu “Advances in Display Technologies and E-papers and Flexible Displays,” The Proceeding of International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7956, (2011). J.-Y. Hwang, J. Xiang, S.-Y. Lu, and L-C. Chien, “Wide temperature range blue phase liquid crystals for displays,” The Proceeding of SPIE Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies VI, 7955, 79550H, (2011). Torsten Hegmann Books and Chapters in Books A. Jákli, R. P. Lemieux, C. Rosenblatt, and T. Hegmann (Eds.), “Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (FLC 13)” a chapter in Ferroelectrics 2012, 431, (2011). Peer Reviewed Journals J. Mirzaei, M. Reznikov, T. Hegmann, and J. Mater. Quantum dots as liquid crystal dopants, Chem. 22, 22350-22365 (2012). A. Rudzki, A. Lapanik, B. Kinkead, H. Qi, T. Hegmann, and W. Haase, Electrooptical and dielectric properties of alkylthiol-capped gold nanoparticle-ferroelectric liquid crystal nanocomposites: Influence of chain length and tethered liquid crystal functional groups, Soft Matter 8, 8722-8728 (2012). J. Mirzaei, M. Urbanski, K. Yu, H.-S. Kitzerow, and T. Hegmann, Composites of gold nanoparticles and magic-sized quantum dots in nematic liquid crystal, Proc. ICMEE (2012). J. Mirzaei, R. Sawatzky, A. Sharma, M. Urbanski, K. Yu, H.-S. Kitzerow, and T. Hegmann, New developments in nanoparticle-liquid crystal composites: from magic-sized semiconductor nanoclusters to alignment pattern formation via nanoparticle stenciling”, Proc. SPIE 8279, 827983 (9 pages) (2012). S. Umadevi, X. Feng, and T. Hegmann, Bent-core and nematic liquid crystal functionalized gold nanorods", Ferroelectrics 431, 164-175 (2012).

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A. Sharma, M. Worden, and T. Hegmann, Nanoparticle-promoted thermal stabilization of room temperature cholesteric blue phase mixtures, Ferroelectrics 431, 154-163 (2012). A. Jákli, R. P. Lemieux, C. Rosenblatt, and T. Hegmann, Nanoparticles in liquid crystals and liquid crystalline nanoparticles, Ferroelectrics 431, (2012) Guest Editorial. O. Stamatoiu, J. Mirzaei, X. Feng, and T. Hegmann, Top. Curr. Chem 318, 331-393 (2012). Antal Jákli Books and Chapters in Books A. Jákli, R.P. Lemieux, C. Rosenblatt, and T. Hegmann (editors), Proceedings of the thirteenth International Conference of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (FLC 2011), Ferroelectrics, Volume 431 (2012). A. Jákli, J. Harden, and N. Éber, Flexoelectricity of Bent-Core Molecules, Chapter 3 in Flexoelectricity of liquid crystals, Editors: A. Buka, N. Eber, World Scientific (2012), pp. 61-100. Peer Reviewed Journals S.E. Fiester, A. Jákli, and C.J. Woolverton, “Liquid crystal properties of a self-assembling viral coat protein”, Liq. Cryst., 38, No. 9, 1153–1157 (2011). J. Morvan, E. Buyuktanir, J.L. West, and A. Jákli, “Highly-piezoelectric Biocompatible and Soft Composite Fiber Mats”, Appl. Phys. Lett.,100, 063901-1-4 (2012). T. J. Smith, W. Iglesias, S. R. Stefanovic, E. K. Mann, C. Tschierske, A. Jákli, and D. J. Lacks, “The Effects of Tether Length on the Behavior of Amphiphilic Bent-Core Molecules at Water Surfaces”, J. Chem. Phys., 115 (44), 12809-12815 (2011). W. Weissflog, U. Baumeister, M.-G. Tamba, G. Pelzl, H. Kresse, R. Friedemann, G. Hempel, R. Kurz, M. Roos, K. Merzweiler, A. Jákli , C. Zhang, N. Diorio , R. Stannarius, A. Eremin, and U. Kornek, “Unexpected liquid crystalline behaviour of three-ring bent-core mesogens: Bis(4-subst.-phenyl) 2-methyl-iso-phthalates”, Soft Matter, 8, 2671-2685 (2012). P. Salamon, N. Éber, J. Seltmann, M. Lehmann, J. T. Gleeson, S. Sprunt, and A. Jákli, “Dielectric technique to measure the twist elastic constant of liquid crystals - The case of a bent-core material”, Phys. Rev. E, 85, 061704 (2012). N. Nazir, N. Kim, W. Iglesias, A. Jákli, and T. Kyu, “Conductive behavior in relation to domain morphology and phase diagram of Nafion/poly(vinylidene-co-trifluoroethylene) blends”, Polymer, 53, 196-204 (2012). P. K. Challa, O. Curtiss, J. C. Williams, R. Twieg, J. Toth, S. McGill, A. Jákli, J. T. Gleeson, and S. N. Sprunt, Dynamic Light Scattering in the New 25 Tesla Split-Helix Magnet at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Phys. Rev. E , 86, 011708 (2012).

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C. Zhang, M. Gao, N. Diorio, W. Weissflog, U. Baumeister, S. Sprunt, J.T. Gleeson, and A. Jákli, Direct observation of smectic layers in thermotropic liquid crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett., 109, 107802 (2012). C. Zhang, N. Diorio, S.Radhika, B.K. Sadashiva, and A. Jákli, “A Bent –Shape Smectic Liquid Crystal Phase with Leaning Director”, Liq. Cryst., 39 (9), 1149-1157 (2012) DOI:10.1080/02678292.2012.704410. Á. Buka, N. Éber, K. Fodor-Csorba, A. Jákli and P. Salamon, “Physical Properties of a Bent-Core Nematic Liquid Crystal and its Mixtures with Calamitic Molecules”, Phase Transitions, 85 (10), 872-887 (2012). A. Eremin, U. Kornek, S. Stern, R. Stannarius, F. Araoka, H. Takezoe, H. Nádasi W. Weissflog, and A. Jákli, “Pattern-stabilized “decorated” polar liquid crystal fibres”, Phys. Rev. Lett., 109, 017801 (2012). C. Zhang, S. Chakraborty, T. Ostapenko, S. Sprunt, A. Jákli, and J. T. Gleeson, “Biaxial nematic order induced by smectic fluctuations” Phys. Rev. E, 86, 020704(R) (2012). Y-K. Kim, M. Majumdar, B. I. Senyuk, L. Tortora, J. Seltmann M. Lehmann, A. Jákli, J. T. Gleeson, O. D. Lavrentovich and S. Sprunt, “Search for biaxiality in a shape-persistent bent-core nematic liquid crystal”, Soft Matter, 8, 8880–8890 (2012). Chanjoong Kim Peer Reviewed Journals J. Kim, C. Kim, and B. J. Sung, “Simulation Study of Seemingly Fickian but Heterogeneous Dynamics of Two Dimensional Colloids,” Physical Review Letters 110, 047801 (2013). Oleg Lavrentovich Books and Chapters in Books O. D. Lavrentovich, Y.-K. Kim, and B. I. Senyuk, Optical Manifestation of Thermal Expansion of a Nematic Liquid Crystal, Proceedings of SPIE, edited by I.-C. Khoo, 8475, No. 84750G (2012).

O. D. Lavrentovich, Liquid Crystals for Optical Non-display Applications, Proceedings of SPIE: Photonic Innovations and Solutions for Complex Environments and systems (PIESCES), edited by A. Lakhtakia and J. A. Todd, 8482, No. 84820D, DOI: 10.1117/12.928054 (2012).

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Peer Reviewed Journals

I. Lazo and O. D. Lavrentovich, Liquid-crystal-enabled electrophoresis of spheres in a nematic medium with negative dielectric anisotropy, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, (371) No. 20120255, DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0255 (2013).

O. D. Lavrentovich, Designing Dupin cyclides in micro and macro worlds, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110, (1) 5-6, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219976110 (2013).

N. Avci, V. Borshch, D. D. Sarkar, S. V. Shiyanovskii, and O. D. Lavrentovich, Viscoelasticity, dielectric anisotropy, and birefringence in the nematic phase of three four-ring bent-core liquid crystals with an L-shaped molecular frame, Soft Matter 9, (4) 1066-1075, DOI: 10.1039/c2sm26448j (2013).

Y.-K. Kim, B. Senyuk, and O. D. Lavrentovich, Molecular reorientation of a nematic liquid crystal by thermal expansion, Nature Communications 3, No. 1133, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2073 (2012).

S. Zhou, Y. A. Nastishin, M. M. Omelchenko, L. Tortora, V. G. Nazarenko, O. P. Boiko, T. Ostapenko, T. Hu, C. C. Almasan, S. N. Sprunt, J. T. Gleeson, and O. D. Lavrentovich, Elasticity of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals Probed by Director Reorientation in a Magnetic Field, Physical Review Letters 109, (3) No. 037801, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.037801 (2012).

B. Zupancic, S. Diez-Berart, D. Finotello, O. D. Lavrentovich, and B. Zalar, Photoisomerization-Controlled Phase Segregation in a Submicron Confined Azonematic Liquid Crystal, Physical Review Letters 108, (25) No. 257801, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.257801 (2012).

Y.-K. Kim, M. Majumdar, B. I. Senyuk, L. Tortora, J. Seltmann, M. Lehmann, A. Jákli, J. T. Gleeson, O. D. Lavrentovich, and S. Sprunt, Search for biaxiality in a shape-persistent bent-core nematic liquid crystal, Soft Matter 8, (34) 8880-8890, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM26278A (2012).

O. D. Lavrentovich, Liquid Crystal Displays: Fundamental Physics and Technology, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 462, 293-295, DOI: 10.1080/15421406.2012.684638 (2012).

Quan Li Books and Chapters in Books Q. Li (Ed.), Liquid Crystals Beyond Displays: Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, John Wiley & Sons (2012, ISBN 978-1-118-07861-7). C. Xue and Q. Li, “Semiconducting Discotic Liquid Crystals for Optoelectronic Applications” Chapter 2 in Liquid Crystals Beyond Displays: Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, Q. Li, Ed., John Wiley & Sons (2012, ISBN 978-1-118-07861-7).

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C. Yelamaggad, S. K. Prasad and Q. Li, “Photo-Stimulated Phase Transformations in Liquid Crystals and Their Non-display Applications” Chapter 4 in Liquid Crystals Beyond Displays: Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, Q. Li, Ed., John Wiley & Sons (2012, ISBN 978-1-118-07861-7). Y. Wang and Q. Li, “Light-Driven Chiral Molecular Switches or Motors in Liquid Crystal Media” Chapter 5 in Liquid Crystals Beyond Displays: Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, Q. Li, Ed., John Wiley & Sons (2012, ISBN 978-1-118-07861-7) Peer Reviewed Journals Y. Wang, A. Urbas and Q. Li, Reversible Visible-Light Tuning of Self-Organized Helical Superstructures Enabled by Unprecedented Light-Driven Axially Chiral Molecular Switches, Journal of the American Chemical Society (Communication) 134, 3342-3345 (2012). Y. Li, A. Urbas, and Q. Li, Reversible Light-Directed Red, Green and Blue Reflections with Thermal Stability Enabled by a Self-Organized Helical Superstructure, Journal of the American Chemical Society (Communication) 134, 9573-9576 (2012). Y. Wang and Q. Li, Light-Driven Chiral Molecular Switches or Motors in Liquid Crystals, Advanced Materials 24, 1926-1945 (2012). C. Xue, O. Birel, M. Gao, S. Zhang, L. Dai, A. Urbas and Q. Li, Perylene Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanorods: Unique Optical, Electronic Properties and Self-Assemblies, Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116, 10396-10404 (2012). C. Xue, Y. Xu, Y. Pang, D. Yu, L. Dai, M. Cao, A. Urbas and Q. Li, Organo-Soluble Porphyrin Mixed Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanorods with Intercalated Fullerenes, Langmuir 28, 5956-5963 (2012). Y. Wang, H. Yoon, H. K. Bisoyi, S. Kumar and Q. Li, Hybrid Rod-like and Bent-core Liquid Crystal Dimers Exhibiting Biaxial Smectic-A and Nematic Phases, Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, 20363-20367 (2012). Q. Li, Y. Li, J. Ma, D.-K. Yang, T. J. White and T. J. Bunning, Directing Dynamic Control of Red, Green and Blue Reflection Enabled by a Light-Driven Self-Organized Helical Superstructure, Advanced Materials 23, 5069-5073 (2011) (Highlighted by Nature Photonics 5, 713 (2011)). K. Rameshbabu, A. Urbas and Q. Li, Self-Organized Photochromic Dithienycyclopentent Organogels, Journal of Materials Chemistry 21, 15673-15677 (2011). Y. Li, A. Urbas and Q. Li, Synthesis and Characterization of Light-Driven Dithienylcyclopentene Switches with Axial Chirality, Journal of Organic Chemistry 76, 7148-7156 (2011).

50

Peter Palffy-Muhoray Peer Reviewed Journals X. Zheng, J. Fontana, M. Pevnyi, M. Ignatenko, S. Wang, R. Vaia, and P. Palffy-Muhoray, The effects of nanoparticle shape and orientation on the low frequency dielectric properties of nanocomposites, Journal of Materials Science 47, (12) 4914-4920, DOI: 10.1007/s10853-012-6364-8 (2012). A. Agrawal, P. Luchette, P. Palffy-Muhoray, S. L. Biswal, W. G. Chapman and R. Verduzco, Surface wrinkling in liquid crystal elastomers, Soft Matter 8, (27) 7138-7142, DOI: 10.1039/c2sm25734c (2012). N. J. Dawson, M. G. Kuzyk, J. Neal, P. Luchette, and P. Palffy-Muhoray, Modeling the mechanisms of the photomechanical response of a nematic liquid crystal elastomer, Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics 28, (9) 2134-2141 (2011). N. J. Dawson, M. G. Kuzyk, J. Neal, P. Luchette, and P. Palffy-Muhoray, Experimental studies of the mechanisms of photomechanical effects in a nematic liquid crystal elastomer, Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics 28, (8) 1916-1921 (2011). T. Hiscock, M. Warner, and P. Palffy-Muhoray, Solar to electrical conversion via liquid crystal elastomers, Journal of Applied Physics 109, (10) No. 104506, DOI: 10.1063/1.3581134 (2011). Jonathan Selinger Peer Reviewed Journals L. M. Lopatina and J. V. Selinger, “Maier-Saupe-type theory of ferroelectric nanoparticles in nematic liquid crystals,” Phys. Rev. E 84, 041703 (2011). R. L. B. Selinger, A. Travesset, and J. V. Selinger, “Monte Carlo Studies of the XY Model on Two Dimensional Curved Surfaces,” J. Phys. Chem. B 115, 13989 (2011). Conference Proceedings and Technical Reports J. V. Selinger, “Applying a Chiral Mechanical “Field” to an Achiral Liquid Crystal,” in Journal Club for Condensed Matter Physics, http://www.condmatjournalclub.org/?p=1641 (2012). Robin Selinger Peer Reviewed Journals R. L. B. Selinger, A. Travesset, and J. V. Selinger, “Monte Carlo Studies of the XY Model on Two Dimensional Curved Surfaces,” J. Phys. Chem. B 115, 13989 (2011).

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John West Books and Chapters in Books J. L. West, “Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals” a chapter in Progress in Liquid Crystal Science and Technology: World Scientific, Series on Liquid Crystals, Vol. 4 (2013). Peer Reviewed Journals J. Morvan, E. Buyuktanir, J. West, A. Jákli, “Highly Piezoelectric Biocompatible and Soft Composite Fibers” Applied Physics Letters, 063901, Vol. 100, (2012). M. Varga, J. Morvan, N. Diorio, E. Buyuktanir, J. Harden, J. L. West, and A. Jákli, “Direct Piezoelectric Responses of Soft Composite Fiber Mats,” Applied Physics Letters, 153903 Vol. 102 (2013). Conference Proceedings and Technical Reports J. L. West, M. Cakmak, T.-M. Huang and D.-W. Lee, “Uni-axial Cracking of ITO to Form Row and Column Electrodes for Roll to Roll Production of Flexible Displays and Electronics,” MRS Proceedings, Vol. 1529 (2012). Deng-Ke Yang Books and Chapters in Books D.-K. Yang, “Polymer stabilized Cholesteric liquid crystal for switchable windows,” Chapter 16 in Liquid crystals beyond displays, edited by Q. Li, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., (2012), 505-523. Peer Reviewed Journals Y.-C. Yang and D.-K. Yang, “Electro-optic Kerr effect in polymer-stabilized isotropic liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 023502 (2011). M. Mathews, R. S. Zola, D.-K. Yang and Q. Li, “Thermally, photochemically and electrically switchable reflection colors from self-organized chiral bent-core liquid crystals,” Journal of Material Chemistry, 21, 2098-2103 (2011). M. Mathews, R. S. Zola, S. Hurley, D.-K. Yang, T. J. White, T. J. Bunning, and Q. Li, “Light-Driven Reversible Handedness Inversion in Self-Organized Helical Superstructures,” Journal of American Chemical Society, 132, 18361-18366 (2010).

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T. J. White , S. A. Cazzell, A. S. Freer, D.-K. Yang, L. Sukhomlinova, L. Su , T. Kosa , B. Taheri , and T. J. Bunning, “Widely Tunable, Photoinvertible Cholesteric Liquid Crystals”, Adanced Materials, 23, 1389–1392 (2011). D.-K. Yang, Book review of “Liquid crystal display” by E. Leuder, Liquid Crystal Today, 20, 62 (2011). R. S. Zola, Y.-C. Yang, and D.-K.Yang, “Limonene as a chiral dopant for liquid crystals: Characterization and potential applications,” Journal of the Society of Information Display, 19, 410-416 (2011). Q. Li, Y. Li. J. Ma, D.-K. Yang, T. White and T. Bunning, “Direct dynamic control of red, green and blue reflection enabled light-driven self-organized helical superstructure,” Advanced Materials, (2011). S. E. Hicks, S. P. Hurley, R. S. Zola, and D.-K. Yang, “Polymer Stabilized VA Mode Liquid Crystal Display,” Journal of Display Technology, 7, 619 - 623 (2011). A. T. Juhl, D.-K. Yang, V. P. Tondiglia, L. V. Natarajan, T. J. White, and T. J. Bunning, “Ordering of glass rods in nematic and Cholesteric liquid crystals,” Optical Materials Express, 1, pp. 1536–1547 (2011). M. E. McConney, T. J. White, V. P. Tondiglia, L. V. Natarajan, and D.-K. Yang, “Dynamic high contrast reflective coloration from responsive polymer/cholesteric liquid crystal architectures,” Soft Matter, 8, 318-323 (2011). V. T. Tondiglia, L. V. Natarajan, C. A. Bailey, M. M. Duning, R. L. Sutherland, Deng-Ke Yang, A. Voevodin, T. J. White, and T. J. Bunning, “Electrically induced bandwidth broadening in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals,” Journal of Applied Physics, 110, 053109 (2011). Y. Cui, R. S. Zola, Y.-C. Yang, and D.-K. Yang, “Alignment layers with variable anchoring strengths from Polyvinyl Alcohol,” Journal of Applied Physics, 111, 063520 (2012). C. A. Bailey, V. T. Tondiglia, L. V. Natarajan, R. Bricker, Y. Cui, D. K. Yang, and T. J. Bunning, “Surface limitations to the electro-mechanical tuning range of negative dielectric anisotropy cholesteric liquid crystals,” Journal of Applied physics,111, 063111 (2012). H. Nemati, D.-K. Yang, K.-L. Cheng, C.-C. Liang, J.-W. Shiu, C.-C. Tsai, and R. S. Zola, Effect of surface alignment layer and polymer network on the Helfrich deformation in cholesteric liquid crystals,” Journal of Applied Physics, 112, 124513 (2012).

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K. X. Li, Z. H. Cheng, R. W. Guo, L. P. Zhang, F. F. Wang, X. J. Wu, H. Cao, H. Yang, and D.-K. Yang, Broadband reflective liquid crystalline films prepared from liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy,” Liquid Crystals, 39, 839 (12012). R. S. Zola, L. R. Evangelista, Y.-C Yang, and D.-K. Yang, “Surface Induced Phase Separation and Pattern Formation at the Isotropic Interface in Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals,” Physical Review Letters, 110, 057801 (2013). S. Hicks, Y.-C. Yang, S. Hurley and D.-K. Yang, “Electric Polarization Frozen by Polymer Network in Nematic Liquid Crystals,” Soft Matter, 2013, 9 (14), 3834 – 3839 (2013). Conference Proceedings and Technical Reports Y.-C. Yang, R. S. Zola, Y. Cui, and D.-K. Yang, H.-Y. Chen, C.-C. Hsu, C.-J. Chen, and C.-C. Liang, “Master Parameter Governing the Response Time of Reflective Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Displays,” SID Intl Symp. Digest Tech. Papers, XXXXII, 1762-1765, 400-403 (2011). R. S. Zola, Y.-C. Yang and D.-K. Yang, H.-Y. Chen, C.-C. Hsu, C.-J. Chen, C.-C. Liang and K.-L. Cheng, “A New Drive Scheme for Cholesteric Reflective Displays Under Active Matrix Addressing,” SID Intl Symp. Digest Tech. Papers, XXXXII, 1762-1765 (2011). 392-395 (2011). R. S. Zola, Y.-C. Yang and D.-K. Yang, H.-Y. Chen, C.-C. Hsu, C.-J. Chen, C.-C. Liang and K.-L. Cheng, “Natural Chiral Dopant D-Limonene for Active Matrix Bistable Cholesteric Displays,” SID Intl Symp. Digest Tech. Papers, XXXXII, 1762-1765 (2011). 1684-1687 (2011). Y. Cui, R. S. Zola, Y.-C. Yang, and D.-K. Yang, “Improvement of PDLC Performance by Changing Surface Anchoring Strength,” SID Intl Symp. Digest Tech. Papers, XXXXII, 1762-1765 (2011). 1641-1644 (2011). R. S. Zola, H. Nemati, Y.-C. Yang, D.-K. Yang, K.-L. Cheng, C.-C. Liang, F. Shiu, and C.-C. Tsai, “Dual Mode Reflective Cholesteric Display,” SID Intl Symp. Digest Tech. Papers, XXXXIII, 551-554 (2012). Y. Cui and D.-K. Yang, “Encapsulated Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture Light Shutter,” SID Intl Symp. Digest Tech. Papers, XXXXIII, 1466-1469 (2012). Hiroshi Yokoyama Peer Reviewed Journals J. Niitsuma, M. Yoneya and H. Yokoyama: "Azimuthal dependence of switching field strength for nematic liquid crystal bistability on patterned alignment layers" J. Appl. Phys. 111, 103507(2012).

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Nishiyama, Y. Takanishib, J. Yamamoto and H. Yokoyama: "On the emergence of mysterious liquid crystal phases: chirality and non-chirality issues" Phase Transitions: A Multinational Journal, 85, 282 (2012). J. Seog. Gwag, J. Yi, J. H. Kwon, M. Yoneya and H. Yokoyama: "Alignment of a Nematic Liquid Crystal on Nano-Grooved Material" J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 119, 325 (2011). Nishiyama, Y. Tabe, J. Yamamoto and H. Yokoyama: "Pre-Organization Effects on Chirality, Polarity and Biaxiality in Liquid Crystals: Novel Laterally Connected Mesogens showing Anomalous Properties" Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 549, 174 (2011). C. Culbreath, N. Glazar and H. Yokoyama: "Automated maskless micro-multidomain photoalignment" Rev. Sci. Instrum., 82, 126107 (2011).

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Presentations Liquid Crystal Institute

Philip Bos Oral Presentations L. Lu, V. Sergan, T. Van Heugten, D. Duston, A. Bhowmik, and P. Bos, “Tunable Polymer Localized Liquid Crystal Lenses for Autostereoscopic 3D Displays,” SID International Symposium, Boston, MA, June 6, 2012. L. Li, Doug Bryant, T. Van Heugten, D. Duston, and P. J. Bos, “Overview of factors Affecting Lens Performance for 3D Displays,” SID Internationanl Symposium, Boston, MA, June 6, 2012. Poster Presentations L. Lu, A. Alagh, and P. J. Bos, “LCD failure evaluation methods and application to effect of dc drive,” SPIE Conference on Liquid Crystals XV, San Diego, CA, August 21-22, 2011. Elda Hegmann Poster Presentations A. Sharma, B. Daum, R. Ryan, G. Beltrano, T. Stankovich, T. Hegmann, and E. Hegmann, “Synthesis and characterization of ε-caprolactone-based liquid crystal scaffolds for tissue regeneration: phase behavior and cellular response” 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 2012. A. Neshat, A. Sharma, A. Nielsen, T. Stankovich, C. Mahnen, T. Hegmann, and E. Hegmann “Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers,” Liquid Crystal Day, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 2012 Torsten Hegmann Poster Presentations M. Urbanski, M. Draper, J. W. Goodby, J. Mirzaei, T. Hegmann, and H.-S. Kitzerow, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 2012. A. Sharma and T. Hegmann, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 2012. J. Mirzaei, M. Urbanski, H.-S. Kitzerow, and T. Hegmann, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 2012.

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X. Feng, U. Shivakumar, and T. Hegmann, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 2012. T. Stankovich, G. Beltrano, T. Hegmann, A. Sharma, and E. Hegmann, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 2012. X. Feng, U. Shivakumar, and T. Hegmann, CCI Solar Annual Retreat, Huntington Beach, CA (USA), January 2012. Antal Jákli Invited Presentations A. Jákli, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. A. Jákli, Frontiers of Soft Matter Symposium, Boulder, Colorado, April 16-19, 2012. A. Jákli, Department of Physics, Wooster College, Wooster, Ohio, January 19, 2012. J. T. Gleeson, A. Jákli, and S. N. Sprunt, Recent Developments On Bent-Core Nematic Liquid Crystals, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. C. Zhang, M. Gao, N. Diorio, W. Weissflog, U. Baumeister, S. Sprunt, J.T. Gleeson, and A. Jákli, Direct observation of smectic layers in thermotropic liquid crystals, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. Oral Presentations J. Gleeson, S. Sprunt, and A. Jákli, “Recent advances in bent-core nematic liquid crystals”, BC-I-03, 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Niagara Falls, Ontario, August 28-September 2, 2011. W. Iglesias, T. J. Smith, P. B. Basnet, S. Stefanovic, C. Tschierske, D. J. Lacks , A. Jákli and E. K. Mann, “Alignment by Langmuir/Schaefer monolayers of bent-core liquid crystals” SI-O-02, 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Niagara Falls, Ontario, August 28-September 2, 2011. E. Buyuktanir, J. Morvan , J.L. West, and A. Jákli, “Electrospinning of polylactic acid fibers and mats dispersed in ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles”, SP-O-02 in 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Niagara Falls, Ontario, August 28-September 2, 2011. A. Jákli, J. Morvan, and E. Buyuktanir, “Highly piezoelectric Biocompatible and Soft Composite Fibers”, BAPS.2012.MAR.Z47.1, APS March Meeting, Boston, March 2012. W. Iglesias, N. Abott, E. Mann, and A. Jákli, “Optimizing liquid crystalline properties for bio-sensing at aqueous interfaces” BAPS.2012.MAR.D51.12, APS March Meeting, Boston, March 2012.

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S. Chakraborty, N. Diorio, W. Carr, J.T. Gleeson, A. Jákli, and S. Sprunt, “A comparison between ``cybotactic'' groups in bent-core and rod-like nematic liquid crystals”, BAPS.2012.MAR.D51.11, APS March Meeting, Boston, March 2012. C. Zhang, N. Diorio, R. Radhika, and B.K. Sadashiva, “A Bent -- Shape Leaning Smectic Liquid Crystal Material”, BAPS.2012.MAR.J51.6, APS March Meeting, Boston, March 2012. S. Sprunt, S. Chakraborty, N. Diorio, J. T. Gleeson, and A. Jákli, A comparison between 'cybotactic' groups in bent-core and rod-like nematic liquid crystals, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. C. Zhang, S. Taushanoff, N. Diorio, T. Hegmann, S. Sprunt, J. T. Gleeson, K. Fodor-Csorba and A. Jákli, Nano-structure of Blue Fog Phase of Bent Shape Liquid Crystals, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. Poster Presentations C. Zhang, N. Diorio, S.Radhika, B.K. Sadashiva, and A. Jákli, “A Bent –Shape Single Leaning Smectic Liquid Crystal Phase”SP-P*-01, in 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Niagara Falls, Ontario, August 28-September 2, 2011. J. Morvan, E. Buyuktanir, J.L. West, and A. Jákli, “Super-piezoelectric Biocompatible and Soft Composite Fiber Mats”, PP-P*-09, in 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Niagara Falls, Ontario, August 28-September 2, 2011. S. Taushanoff, H. Takezoe, R. Twieg, and A. Jákli, “Bent-core BPIII phase stabilized by polymer network and silica nanoparticles”, BC-P-12, in 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Niagara Falls, Ontario, August 28-September 2, 2011. T. Smith, W. Iglesias,A. Jákli, E. Mann, and D. Lacks, “Alignment of Langmuir Monolayers of bent-core molecules under surface pressure on water”, BC-P-15, in 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Niagara Falls, Ontario, August 28-September 2, 2011. C. Zhang, S. Chakraborty, T. Ostapenko, S. Sprunt, A. Jákli and J.T. Gleeson, Biaxial nematic order induced by smectic fluctuations, PII-030, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. P. Salamon, N. Éber, J. Seltmann, M. Lehmann, S. Sprunt, J. T. Gleeson, and A. Jákli, Novel Dielectric Technique to Measure the Twist Elastic Constant of Liquid Crystals - The Case of a Bent-core Material, PIII-035, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. Pavan K. Challa, O. Curtiss, J. C. Williams, R. Twieg, J. Toth, S. McGill, A. Jákli, J. T. Gleeson, and S. N. Sprunt, Light scattering from liquid crystal director fluctuations in magnetic fields above 20 Tesla, PIII-040, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012.

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Y. –K. Kim, M. Majumdar, B. Senyuk, L. Tortora, J. Seltmann, M. Lehmann, A. Jákli, J.T. Gleeson, O.D. Lavrentovich, and S. Sprunt, Search for Biaxiality in a Shape-persistent Bent-core Nematic Liquid Crystal, PIII-044, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. W. Iglesias, N. L. Abbott, E. K. Mann, and A. Jákli, Optimizing Liquid Crystalline Properties for Bio-sensing at Aqueous Interfaces, PII-133, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. N. Diorio, A. Charif, M. Varga, J. E. Puskas, K. Fodor-Csorba, S. Sprunt, J.T. Gleeson and A. Jákli, Piezoelectric properties of liquid crystal elastomers containing bent-shape molecules, PI-099, 24th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 19-24, 2012. Chanjoong Kim Invited Presentations C. Kim, “Rheology and microscopic dynamics of sheared colloidal suspensions,” Alumni Day, University of Akron, Akron, OH, October 5, 2012. Oral Presentations L. Honaker, H. Choi and C. Kim, “Characterization of Surface Topography by Line- Laser Light Scattering,” Annual national meeting of the American Physical Society, Baltimore, MD, March 2013. L. Zou, C. Kim, E. Girgis, and W. K. B. Khalil, “Non-Bleaching Photoluminescent Magnetic Nanoparticles,” Annual national meeting of the American Physical Society, Baltimore, MD, March 2013. H. Yan and C. Kim, “Formation of Uniform Hollow Silica Microcapsules,” Annual national meeting of the American Physical Society, Baltimore, MD, March 2013. H. Choi and C. Kim, “Optical technology to measure of thin film quality on flat panel display,” US-Korea Conference, Los Angeles, CA, August 2012. D. Myers, P. Russo, and C. Kim. “Analysis of Diffusing Particle Tracks to Determine Particle Mass”, ACS SWRM Meeting, Baton Rouge, LA, November 2012.

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Oleg Lavrentovich Oral Presentations O.D. Lavrentovich, “Liquid crystals for optical non-display applications,” SPIE Optics+Photonics Meeting, San-Diego, CA, August 11-15, 2012. O.D. Lavrentovich, Y.K. Kim, and B. I. Senyuk, “Optical manifestation of thermal expansion of a nematic liquid crystal,” SPIE Optics+Photonics Meeting, San-Diego, CA, August 11-15, 2012. O.D. Lavrentovich, Y.K. Kim, and B. I. Senyuk, “Thermal expansion of liquid crystals,” International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 20-24, 2012. O.D. Lavrentovich, and J. Xiang, “Broad-temperature range of blue phases,” International Liquid Crystal Conference, Mainz, Germany, August 20-24, 2012. O.D. Lavrentovich, “Soft Active MetaMatter,” presentation to the National Science Foundation site visit, October 8-9, 2012. O.D. Lavrentovich, “Liquid crystals and colloids,” New Horizons of Colloidal Science: Fundamentals and Applications, International conference, Sete, France, October 21-26, 2012. O.D. Lavrentovich, “Statics and dynamics of colloidal particles in liquid crystals,” Physics Colloquium Series, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, Nov.29, 2012. O.D. Lavrentovich, “Colloidal particles in Liquid crystals,” Physics Colloquium Series, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio Nov.30, 2013. O.D. Lavrentovich, “Liquid crystals, liquid crystal droplets and colloids: Basic Properties,” The Mathematics of Liquid Crystals Program, Workshop on Symmetry, bifurcations and order parameter, Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, UK, January 7-11, 2013. O.D. Lavrentovich, “Electrophoresis in Liquid Crystals,” Applied Mathematics seminar, Department of Mathematics, University of Akron, February 14, 2013. O.D. Lavrentovich, “Liquid Crystal Enabled dynamics of colloidal particles,” International Workshop on Wetting and Capillarity in Complex systems, Max Planck Institute for Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, February 18-22, 2013.

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S. Zhou, A. J. Cervenka, Y. Singh, L. Tortora, C.C. Almasan, and O. D. Lavrentovich, “Effect of ionic additives on elasticity of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals,” APS March Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, March 18-22, 2013. J. Xiang, R. Twieg, and O. D. Lavrentovich, “Wide temperature range and hysteresis free blue phase liquid crystals doped with bent-core compound,” APS March Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, March 18-22, 2013. V. Borshch, S. V. Shiyanovskii, and O. D. Lavrentovich, “Nanosecond electrooptics of nematic liquid crystals: Induced orientational order and quenched director fluctuations,” APS March Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, March 18-22, 2013. Y. K. Kim and O. D. Lavrentovich, “Tactoids and Defects in Nematic-Isotropic Phase Transition in Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal,” APS March Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, March 18-22, 2013. O. D. Lavrentovich, “Statics and dynamics of colloidal particles in liquid crystals,” The Mathematics of Liquid Crystals Program, Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, UK, May 2, 2013. O. D. Lavrentovich, “Dynamics of colloidal particles in liquid crystals,” University of Hull, UK, May 7, 2013. Quan Li Invited Presentations Q. Li, Liquid Crystals for Renewable Energy: Opportunity and Challenge, Jiangsu Far East Holding Groups, Dec. 12, 2011 Q. Li Light-Driven Chiral Molecular Motors for Dynamic Control of Reflection Wavelength, 2011 International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering, Shenzhen, December 8, 2011 Oral Presentations Q. Li, “Hydrophobic Functional Monolayer Protected Gold Nanorods: Properties and Self-Assemblies,” 2012 Tri-Service Metamaterials Program Review, Office of Naval Research (ONR), Army Research Office (ARO) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Virginia Beach, Virginia, May 25, 2012.

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Q. Li, “3D Fabrication of Liquid Crystalline Nanomaterials,” Department of Defense Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI), Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Architectures, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, January 20, 2012. Q. Li, "Self-Organized Liquid Crystals: From Dynamic Photonics to Renewable Solar Energy," Symposium on Liquid Crystal Photonics, Gulin, March 25, 2012. Q. Li, “Self-Organized Liquid Crystals: From Dynamic Photonics to Renewable Solar Energy,” 2nd International Symposium on Liquid Crystal Science & Technology, Changzhou, July 18, 2011. Q. Li, Y. Wang, M. Methews, H. Yoon, S. Kang, S. Kumar, “Design and Synthesis of Bent-core Nematogens to Induce Biaxiality in the Nematic Phase”, 242th American Chemical Society National Fall meeting, Denver, Colorado, August 31, 2011. Q. Li, J. Ma, Y. Li, M. Mathews, T. J. White, T. J. Bunning, “Light-driven Chiral Molecular Switches for Dynamic Reflection Color Phototuning”, 242th American Chemical Society National Fall meeting, Denver, Colorado, August 30, 2011. Q. Li, “Self-Organized Liquid Crystals for Renewable Solar Energy”, 242th American Chemical Society National Fall meeting, Denver, Colorado, August 30, 2011. Peter Palffy-Muhoray Invited Presentations P. Palffy-Muhoray, “Soft Motors,” International Liquid Crystal Elastomer Conference, Lisbon, Sept. 5, 2011.

P. Palffy-Muhoray, “The Optical Properties of Liquid Crystalline Gold Nanocolloids,” Optics of Liquid Crystals (OLC 2011), Yerevan, Sept. 26, 2011.

P. Palffy-Muhoray, “Modelling the Dynamics of Liquid Crystalline Systems,” Planar – Smoluchowski Soft Matter Workshop, Lvov, Oct. 7, 2011.

P. Palffy-Muhoray, “Modelling the Dynamics of Liquid Crystalline Systems,” School and Conference on Mathematics and Physics of Soft and Biological Matter ICTP, Trieste, May 20, 2011. P. Palffy-Muhoray, “Controlling Light: from liquid crystals to plasmonic nanoparticles,” Telluride Workshop on Interfacial Phenomena in Nanostructred Materals and Devices Telluride, Feb. 8, 2012. Oral Presentations P. Palffy-Muhoray, “Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Light,” Seminar, University of Akron, Akron, OH, November 11, 2011.

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Jonathan Selinger Invited Presentations J. Selinger, “Chirality, Polarity, and the Flexoelectric Effect,” Tutorial at 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Niagara Falls, Canada, August 29 – September 2, 2011. Oral Presentations S. Dhakal and J. Selinger, “Statistical mechanics of the flexoelectric effect in nematic liquid crystals,” 13th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Niagara Falls, Canada, August 29 – September 2, 2011. L. Lopatina and J. Selinger, “Field-induced orientational order of liquid crystals in random environments,” American Physical Society March Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, February 27 – March 2, 2012. J. Geng, J. Selinger, and R. Selinger, “Coarse-grained simulation of lipid vesicles with “n-atic” orientational order,” American Physical Society March Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, February 27 – March 2, 2012. V. Gimenez-Pinto, F. Ye, B. Mbanga, J. Selinger, and R. Selinger, “Shape and chirality transitions in twisted nematic elastomer ribbons: Finite element simulation studies,” American Physical Society March Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, February 27 – March 2, 2012. R. Selinger, V. Gimenez-Pinto, S.-Y. Lu, J. Selinger, and A. Konya, “Modeling texture transitions in cholesteric liquid crystal droplets,” American Physical Society March Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, February 27 – March 2, 2012. T. S. Nguyen, J. Geng, and J. V. Selinger, “Curvature and defects in soft membranes with orientational order,” American Physical Society March Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, February 27 – March 2, 2012. Robin Selinger Invited Presentations R. Selinger, “Shape selection in twisted nematic elastomer ribbons: simulation studies,” ILCEC, Lisbon, September 2011. Oral Presentations R. Selinger, “Shape Selection in Twisted Nematic Elastomer Ribbons: stimulation studies,” TU Eindhoven, September 2011.

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R. Selinger, “Entrepreneurship Opportunities: Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies,” Society for Entrepreneurship Education Forum, September 2011. R. Selinger, “Modeling Soft Matter that Moves,” Physics Colloquium, University of California at Merced, October 2011. R. Selinger, “Modeling rubber that moves: liquid crystal elastomers,” Physics Seminar, California Polytechnic University, November 2011. R. Selinger, “New developments in liquid crystal science and technology,” IBM/Almaden, November 2011. R. Selinger, “Coarse-grain models of gel phase lipid cesicles: the role of defects in shape evolution,” Chemical Engineering Seminar, Case Western Department of Chemical Engineering, January 2012. R. Selinger, “Coarse-grained simulation of lipid vesicles with ‘natic’ orientational order,” APS March Meeting, March 2012. A. Konya and R. Selinger, “Packing Cheerios: Simulation studies of torus-shaped hard particles,” APS March Meeting, March 2012. V. Gimenez-Pinto and R. Selinger, “Shape and chirality transitions in twisted nematic elastomer ribbons: Finite element simulation studies,” APS March Meeting, March 2012. R. Selinger, “Modeling texture transitions in cholesteric liquid crystal droplets,” APS March Meeting, March 2012. John West Invited Presentations J. L. West, M. Cakmak, T.-M. Huang and D.-W. Lee, “Uni-axial Cracking of ITO to Form Row and Column Electrodes for Roll to Roll Production of Flexible Displays and Electronics,” Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, Boston, November 25-30, 2012, J. L. West, “Cracked ITO,” Flexible Device Symposium, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, September 26-27, 2012. J. L. West, “Liquid Crystal Biosensors,” BIoflex Luncheon, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, May 23, 2013.

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Hiroshi Yokoyama Invited Presentations

H. Yokoyama, “Recent Advances in Liquid Crystal Materials: Nanostructured Liquid Crystals,” International Conference on Materials, Energy and Environment (ICMEE), Toledo, OH, USA, November 5, 2012. H. Yokoyama, “Micro-engineering of liquid crystal surface alignment: physics, technology and applications,” Graduate Seminar, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, November 4, 2012. H. Yokoyama, “Foam structures made of thermotropic smectic liquid crystals” PAM Lecture, Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA, October 2, 2012. H. Yokoyama, “Softmatter Nanotechnology,” Intensive Lectures on Soft Matter Nanotechnology, Tsukuba University, Japan, January 17-19, 2012. H. Yokoyama, “Smectic Foam” Nanostructured Liquid Crystal Project Memorial Symposium, Morito Hall, Tokyo, Japan, January 16, 2012. H. Yokoyama, “Mathematical Aspects of Liquid Crystal Research: Order Parameters and the Existence of Singularities” 7th International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 2011) Vancouver, BC, Canada, July 18-22, 2011.

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Seminar Programs 2011-2012 Liquid Crystal Institute

*Held on Wednesdays unless otherwise noted. July 28 Dr. Torsten Hegmann University of Manitoba

Functional nanocomposites with potential applications in liquid crystal devices, drug delivery vehicles, and solar energy systems

July 7 Dr. Md. Akhtar Uzzaman Thursday Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University

Structure and Electronic Properties of Novel Organic Semiconductors for Organics Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs) and Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)

July 27 Dr. Epifanio Virga University of Pavia Interplay of polarities: interactions between sphero-cones August 19 Dr. Michinori Honma Friday Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Akita Prefectural

University LC diffractive optical devices utilizing continuous phase variation achieved only by azimuthal angle variation

August 22 Dr. Ping Sheng Monday Department of Physics and William Mong Institute of Nano Science and

Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology The Giant Electrorheolgical Effect: A Microscopic Mechanism September 14 Dr. Liming Dai Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

Conjugated Macromolecules and Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Generation, Storage and Conservation

September 21 Dr. Gregory Crawford Dean, College of Science, University of Notre Dame

Assessing and Accessing Hemoglobin Using Optical Spectroscopy September 28 Dr. Nikolai Priezjev Mech Engineering, Michigan State Univ

Slip Flow Regimes and Induced Fluid Structure in Nanoscale Polymer Films: Recent Results from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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October 5 Dr. Scott Davis Vescent Photonics, Inc.

Liquid Crystal Waveguides: Photonic Devices Enabled by >1000 Waves of Optical Phase Control

October 12 Dr. Zhengdong Cheng Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University

Colloidal Discotic Liquid Crystals November 2 Dr. Elda Hegmann

Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University Research Overview: From Materials Science over Drug Delivery Systems to Therapeutic Cancer Treatments

November 9 Dr. Robert Meyer Brandeis University

Chiral Self-Assembly December 7 Dr. Ali Dhinojwala Dept of Polymer Science, Univ of Akron BIO-INSPIRED ADHESIVES January 18 Dr. Anna Balazs Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Using chemical gradients as motors to propel biomimetic cells and worms January 25 Dr. Antoni Sanchez-Ferrer Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland

Liquid Crystal Elastomers February 1 Dr. Paul West AFM Workshop

How products get from ideas to customers........ February 15 Dr. John Rogers Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois

Materials and Mechanics for Stretchable Electronics February 20 Dr. Alan Gross Monday Dept of Communication Studies, Univ of Minnesota

The Structure of PowerPoint Presentation: The Art of Grasping Things Whole March 7 Dr. Nasser Abukhdeir Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo

Formation, Structure, and Dynamics of Smectic-A Liquid Crystals

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March 8 Dr. Helena Godinho Thursday Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Unveiling Blue Cellulose March 14 Dr. Derek Gray Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University

Liquid crystalline properties of cellulose nanocrystal suspensions March 28 Dr. Mark Bowick Department of Physics, University of Syracuse Facets of Order April 4 Dr. Jon Pokorski Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

Repackaging viruses: Genetically and chemically engineered protein nanoparticles for drug delivery

April 9 Dr. Daniel Holm Monday Kent State University Research at Geological Science April 16 Dr. Alexey Bobrovsky Monday Chemistry, Moscow State University Photo- and electro-active multifunctional photochromic LC polymer systems April 18 Dr. Miko Cakmak Polymer Engineering, University of Akron

Field Assisted Self Assembly (FASA) of Flexible Films Using a Novel Continuous Roll to Roll Process

April 23 Dr. Sergij Shiyanovskii Monday Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University

Orientational order and phase transitions in soft matter: order parameters, energy and entropy

May 2 Dr. Robert Lemieux Queens University

Developing a Rational Design Strategy for de Vries-Like Liquid Crystals June 1 Dr.Shunsuke Kobayashi Friday Tokyo University of Science – Yamaguchi

Enhancement of the performances of LCD by doping nanoparticles June 13 Dr. Lachezar Komitov Gothenburg University & Innovidis

Control of the liquid crystal pretilt by nanostructured surfaces

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LCI Industrial Partnership Program and

Liquid Crystal Display Research Facility

Introduction The Industrial Partnership Program (IPP) provides a path for companies to gain direct assistance in solving problems associated with the development of their new applications of liquid crystals. It is distinct from a sponsored research program that is more focused on the university solving a problem for the company. The types of assistance we provide are: focused seminars and discussions; reviews of the prior art; simulations and design training; prototypes; process training; access to prototyping equipment; materials synthesis and device and materials characterization. IPP members may have interest in the prototype facility, and in those cases, it provides a way for companies to have prototypes built, or to gain access to process equipment and training. Or they may have an interest in the characterization, or synthesis facility. One of the main activities of the IPP program is the bi-monthly newsletter that provides process notes and information that aim to be useful to members. Another is to organize and maintain a mailing list for members, as well as other companies that maybe interested in the LCI. Another is to invoice for services provided and membership fees.

Summary of Activities Direct support of companies interested in prototype development is done through the Industrial Partnership Program. This year we completed four projects totaling 43 hours of facility time, while the companies themselves completed 7 projects totaling 1,371 hours of facility time. Also, we provided training to personnel from four companies that required 32 facility hours. These projects resulted in invoices $115,259.00 under this program for use of the Prototype facility, as detailed in the “facts” section.

Highlights Interaction with ChemImage to build a high tech LC business in Ohio ChemImage is the research and development pioneer, and a leading equipment supplier in the field of hyperspectral imaging that is based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They have recently received a $17 million dollar contract from the US Army for a imaging spectrometer, but future improvements are needed for that device that will use improved liquid crystal devices. The improved devices are expected to find high demand in the area of bio-imaging and cancer diagnostics. Due to past successful interactions with ChemImage, they have opted to, with the help of the LCI, produce their own liquid crystal based spectral filters near Kent State University. To facilitate in this effort, we are providing technical assistance and temporary access to our clean room facility to aid in the efficient transfer of liquid crystal device manufacturing technology to ChemImage. Related to this effort, they have recently been awarded (with Kent State University as a collaborator) a $1 million grant from the Ohio Third Frontier. This will allow them to create a manufacturing operation for the company’s liquid crystal based hyperspectral imaging sensors. We are very proud to be a part of this effort to bring new LC based technology and jobs to Ohio. The anticipated annual payroll in five years in Ohio is $1,670,951 with revenue of $6,000,000. The pictures below show Chem Image personnel at KSU, and their new facility in Stow.

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Preparation for materials for on-line availability In the past year we have videotaped a complete set of videos covering the basics of liquid crystal device processing. About 20 hours of video provide background of what the processes are to accomplish, and how they are performed.

Facts To provide assistance to users, the LCI needs to maintain facilities or have some standing personnel. It is very difficult for us to respond to a request to make a prototype, for example, if the facility is not being maintained and staffed. Therefore, the IPP program is a membership program, where a company pays an annual membership fee that goes toward the facilities that are anticipated to be used. There are two different types of memberships: Associate Member and Full Member. Full Members in the past year have been:

• Chemimage • Coadna • Corning • Crystal Diognostics • Dynamic Eye • Hana • JDSU • Kent Displays • Research Management Technologies. • LXD • Schott North America

Associate Members were: • ADS Transcoil • Advantech • Alpha-micron • Cambrios • Display Plastique

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• Dow Corning • Eastman Chemical • Flight Specialties • Guardian • Hewlett Packard • Light Resonance Technologies • Liquid Crystal Technologies • Liquidia • Optimax • Polydisplay • Sarnoff • Sunnybrook health sciences • Thor Labs • Vescent Photonics

Financial Status

Associate membership provides full access to the LCI website and can request informational and educational services at member rates. The membership cost for a new Associate member is $1,000, with continuing membership at the rate of $500/yr. The membership fees are waived for two years after the company completes a sponsored research agreement with the LCI, or was a previous full member of the IPP. A Full member can additionally request the use of one of the three facilities prototype, synthesis, or characterization). The new membership rate is $6,000 with a continuing membership rate of $4,000/yr. These rates are halved for Ohio companies. The IPP program received invoices for $121,760, of which $115,492 was directed to the prototype facility. Of the remaining $6,500, current expenses totaled $3,630, leaving net income of $2,870.

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SPM Teaching Lab Introduction

At the beginning of 2012, a new Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Teaching Lab was established at the LCI as a core component of the LCI Characterization Facility. Five sets of TT- atomic force microscopes (AFM) were purchased from AFM WORKSHOP Inc., and installed in LCM109. As a SPM technique, simply speaking, AFM uses a sharp tip to scan the specimen surface while maintaining a constant force between the tip and the surface, providing 3D surface topography at nanometer or even sub-atomic scale resolution. AFM also allows studies of a variety of physical properties such as friction, stiffness, magnetic field, and temperature distribution through the so-called TappingMode or using special functional tips. In addition to its strong role in surface-related research, the LCI SPM teaching lab is primarily designed for the education and training on SPM techniques. Our goal is to provide students and researchers of Kent State University and the nearby region with the opportunity of hands-on experience of the most advanced nanotechnology. We offer training workshops regularly and provide demonstrations to the public for both teaching and research purposes.

Setup of a TT-AFM

Summary of Activities

Our current main focus is to provide training workshops to students and researchers of Kent State University. In 2012, we were able to offer a very unique 4-day workshop featuring the assembly of the AFMs from separated parts. Graduate Students and Postdocs were part of this workshop and it proved to be very popular as well as successful amongst our students. More workshops are scheduled for 2012-2013. In addition, a wide variety of materials have been studied using the AFMs, including patterned silicon wafers, polymers, latex, etc. The results from AFM reveal important information on these materials, for example, thickness and morphology of the synthesized films, topography of the patterns, and polyimide alignment.

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Highlights Building AFMs (the first AFM workshop) 25 participants attended this unique event from 01/30/2012 to 02/02/2012 to work with Dr. Paul West, President of AFM Workshop, Inc. and build the AFMs from separated parts. The participants have a chance to learn the detailed design, the engineering concepts as well as the operating principles and skills. After the workshop, we had 5 working AFMs built partly by ourselves!

Dr. Yokoyama of LCI and Dr. West are working with workshop participants on building a AFM.

The first AFM workshop: instrument assembly.

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Research Results:

Thickness measurement of a polymer film (by Lu Lu, a graduate student at LCI).

Surface topography measurement of a synthesized film (by Jibin, a graduate student in Chemistry Department).

A high resolution scan of latex beads.

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AFM scan of a lithography pattern.

Facts

User training: 45 users have been trained in the first 3 AFM workshops with more applicants in the waiting list. Most of the participants are graduate students and postdocs from Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, and LCI of Kent State University.

Goal for 2012-2013 Continue to provide high quality AFM Workshops to train new users. At least 2 new training sessions are scheduled to be done by the end of 2012. Most of the participants are graduate students and postdocs from the Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemical Physics and the LCI. We would also like to make the lab more accessible to the nearby research communities and industry partners.

Financial Status

Currently, there is no revenue or service fee associated with using the AFM lab. All costs are supported by the LCI. The cost to purchase the five AFM’s was $132,970 or $26,594 per microscope. The salaries and wages, including benefits, for the year totaled $57,596. The operating costs during the year came out to around $9,000 for the year. This was used to purchase supplies (AFM tips, specimen holders, office supplies), furniture for the lab and lastly instrument maintenance and upgrading.

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LCI High Speed Camera and

ZetaPALS Light Scattering Instrument

Introduction As part of the newly organized LCI Characterization Facility, the LCI added a High Speed Camera and a ZetaPALS Light Scattering instrument. These are central instruments for softmater research. This state-of-art high-speed camera, Phantom v210, from Vision Research, enables us to study fast dynamic details in conjunction with a microscope in frame rates faster than 2000 fps even in a full frame (1280 x 800) and 300,000 fps at a reduced frame size of 128x8. For example, microfluidic devices can generate thousands of microscopic drops or bubbles per second, which is too fast for most of cameras to capture the dynamics of the phenomena. The camera is mounted on an inverted Nikon microscope with 5x, 10x, 40x, and 100x objectives. Also, Nikon camera lenses are available for imaging macroscopic phenomena.

Figure 1: A photo of the high-speed camera.

ZetaPALS can measure both particle size (1 − 3,000 nm) and zeta-potential (-220 to 220 mV) of nano- and micro- particles as well as polymers and proteins, based on the dynamic light scattering. Wave length of the 35 mW laser source is 660nm and the detection angle of the highly-sensitive avalanche photo diode (APD) is 90° for particle sizing and 15° for zeta-potential. Temperature of a sample can be varied from 10 to 70 °C by the precision Peltier temperature control.

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Figure 2: A photo of the ZetaPALS.

Summary of Activities This high-speed camera has been mainly utilized to visualize bubble and drop formation in microfluidic devices. We hope more usage on recording high speed events such as the dynamic response of TFT-LCD. ZetaPALS has been mainly utilized for particle size and zeta-potential measurements of magnetic and gold nanoparicles. In addition to the above research function, we are also trying our best to strengthen our role in education. The current activities include training of self-users, class teaching, and lab demonstration in the group taught class of “Material Characterization”.

Highlights Service So far, these two instruments have served users for more than 300 hours machine time with continuously increasing usage. Users The current lab users include five research groups from Kent State University (Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and LCI), and one company (Kent Displays) from Ohio. Training As some of the equipment was purchased late in the fiscal year, only a few training sessions were offered as of June 30, 2012. However, there are many training sessions lined up for 2012-2013 and we anticipate more users wishing to be trained on these instruments.

Goals for 2012-2013 For the coming year, the goal is to have more usage of the ZetaPALS and the high-speed camera. In order to achieve this goal, we will attempt to expand our user base by actively advertising through the LCI website as well as the IPP newsletters. We will also offer training on both instruments to those who wish to use the instruments but have no experience.

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Financial Status Currently, there are no fees charged to users who wish to use the instruments. At this time, there is no spending on supplies. The only money spent was for the initial setup for the lab. The high speed camera cost was $39,100 while the ZetaPALS light scattering instrument cost was $33,231. This comes to a total of $72,331 that was spent during the year on the initial setup of the lab. These expenses were funded by the Ohio Research Scholars grant.

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IPP Members ChemImage Pittsburgh, PA CoAdna Photonics Stow, OH Corning Corning, NY Crystal Diagnostics Akron, OH Hana Microdisplay Technologies, Inc. Twinsburg, OH Innova Dynamics, Inc. San Francisco, CA JDSU Ontario, Canada

Kent Displays Kent, OH LXD Inc. Akron, Ohio NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA Okaya Electric America, Inc. Valparaiso, IN Resource Management Technologies Albany, NY SBG Labs Sunnyvale, CA Schott North America, Inc. Southbridge, MA

IPP Associate Members

ADS/Transicoil Advantech U.S. Inc. AlphaMicron Inc. Cambrios Technologies Corp. Display Plastique Dow Corning Corporation Dynamic Eye, Inc. Eastman Chemical Company Eastman Kodak Company Guardian Industries Corp Flight Specialties, Inc.

Hewlett Packard Honeywell Light Resource Technologies Liquid Crystal Technologies Liquidia Optimax Technology Corporation Polydisplay, Inc. Sarnoff Corporation Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre ThorLabs Vescent Photonics, Inc.

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Liquid Crystal Device Prototype Facility Introduction

The liquid crystal device prototyping facility (LCDPF) is the only facility of its type on this continent, and possibly the best in the world. There is no other place where new companies can go to gain understanding about the issues related to manufacturing of liquid crystal devices and to prototype a liquid crystal device of non-standard design. The facility is of particular value for companies interested in exploring new methods of making devices, such as using flexible substrates, new alignment methods, or other advances in cell fabrication. We have been building this facility for about 20 years, and have been providing service to companies and KSU labs. We provide direct prototype support, but also are unique in our offering another route for companies to get prototypes. That route is to help individuals from companies, or KSU labs, to build the devices themselves. We do this by providing training and access to equipment to permit “hands on” prototype development. Some companies that have used the LCDPF to get their start and have gone on to build products are: Kent Displays Incorporated (KDI), AlphaMicron, CoAdna Photonics, Hana Microdisplays, and Crystal Diagnostics As the facility has been providing value to companies and KSU labs, we have also been adding capabilities, in terms of equipment and processing, to its current exceptionally high level. One of the activities in the past year has been to categorize our current capabilities that are overviewed in the attachment “LCDPF capabilities and needs”, that also shows were improvements could be made in the next year. The value of this facility has different components, such as: the value to the state of Ohio or the United States in terms of job creation; the longer term effect of training experienced students; or the value sponsored research projects that would not have been possible without the facility. While the last component is the easiest to quantify, the value of the first two are by far the most significant. The grant that provided the start for the LCDPF was an $11M NSF center proposal whose success was dependent on the facility. Since that time over $10M in grants have been secured where results generated from the LCDPF was required, including those from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), NASA and the MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MITLL). As summarized in the next three sections, we can be proud of the activities of the LCDPF over the past year, but there is much more that can be done to grow the impact of this facility in the future. For example, we need to have a better web-site that makes it clear what the facility can do, and how a user can have access to it. Also, standardized and documented processes need to be put in place for all aspects of the prototype facility. As we move forward with the continued enhancement of our web-based access we will be able to further grow and highlight this KSU facility to the region and the world.

Summary of Activities Activities over the past year can be summarized as being in three areas: direct support of companies through the IPP program, support of sponsored research programs/ general KSU lab support, and facility development. Support of sponsored research programs this year was focused on two grants. One, was an Ohio Third Frontier project with ChemImage, and the other was a project to build high quality liquid crystal lens for eVision. Both of these projects are described in the highlights section below. Other sponsored research projects supported were from NASA Langley, and MIT Lincoln Labs. These projects totaled to 1,100 hours of facility time. The income to KSU last year from these two projects was over $250,000.

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The facility provided significant support to KSU research labs, in the form of training, completing projects at KSU user requests, and also by providing facility time for KSU users. More specifically, 27 students were trained from the labs of: Qi-Huo Wei, Chan Kim, L.C. Chien, Satyendra Kumar, Oleg Lavrentovich, Phil Bos, Tony Jákli, Deng-Ke Yang, and Torsten Hegmann in 18 sessions. The total number of facility hours used here was 56. To supplement this training, written procedures have been made available on the web: (http://www.lci.kent.edu/ipp/07/members_only/lcdrfprocesslibrary.htm), Also, the facility supported the development of a course on “ Liquid Crystal Device Prototyping” and developed a DVD of process training videos that is provided to new users of the facility. Support for KSU labs were also provided through direct project support. Four projects were completed for John West, Qi-Huo Wei, and Torsten Hegmann that totaled 11 hours. More significantly, the facility was heavily used by internal KSU users. 27 users completed 23 projects that used 655 hours of facility time. In summary of facility usage, the facility was used for 3,268 man hours last year, which is approximately 1.6 man years. For facility development, first we reviewed the current status of our capabilities and looked for places for improvement that is contained in the attachment “LCDPF Capabilities”. In going forward to the next year, the 5 projects that stand out are:

a. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) deposition. ITO is the predominant transparent conductor used in liquid crystal devices. The MRC sputter coater was upgraded to allow for the pulsed DC sputtering process necessary for good ITO coatings. A process was developed to deposit a room temperature (amorphous) ITO coating that is ~400 angstroms thick and 150 ohms/square resistivity. This coating was successfully used and patterned in the Gen 2 design of liquid crystal tunable lenses for eVision (see the Highlights section for more information) and used by Industrial Partner Corning for their industrial R&D. It has also been applied to plastic films and microsheet glass, two high interest areas for future process development.

b. Accuris Laser Cutter. The Accuris Laser Cutter was baselined, and SOPs were developed for new users.

c. 3D Printer. The 3D Printer was relocated to LCM 179 and baseline procedures were documented for new users.

d. Microsheet Glass. Significant interest is building in ultra-thin (50-150 micron) glass substrates. Cleanroom staff has verified several process modifications for single substrate handling of microsheet, specifically in vacuum deposition and spincoating, photolithography and cell assembly. Some work on multilayer structures (3+ substrates) is underway, as well.

e. Anvik Photoablation Tool. Preparations are being made to receive a donation of an Anvik HexScan 2020SXE photoablation tool, which would be very useful for upgrading flexibility of photopatterning processes, and adding capability to photoablate polymers (making it useful for new applications such as microfluidics). This tool is expected to arrive in Fall 2012. With high level tools such as this, it would be useful to consider additional staffing for equipment maintenance and upkeep.

We also have worked on content for an improved website. Work in this area has included a “current work status” page that gives users a view of what is going on in the facility, and what the status of

http://www.lci.kent.edu/ipp/07/members_only/lcdrfprocesslibrary.htm

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their project is. Another project was a promotional video that was shown at the international conference on displays this year. The video can be seen at: http://www.lcinet.kent.edu/members/individual/index.php?id=50&ref=1346935625

Highlights Interaction with eVision to open the new application area for liquid crystals of tunable lenses This year, nearing the end of a multi-year $794,000 contract to improve liquid crystal lens, Kent State University was chosen to show the results of this effort in the “Innovation Zone” at the 2012 International Symposium of the Society for Information Display. As the Nation’s leader in liquid crystal technology development, the LCI was picked for this project that successfully demonstrated a liquid crystal lens with a tunable range of 5 diopters. Of particular note is that the performance of the lens is diffraction limited in its resolving power. In the LCDPF, lens were made in sheets of 300 cells, and then separated and bonded to a flexible electrical connector as shown in the pictures below. Also shown is a microscope picture of a region of a lens showing high quality multi-level photolithography:

Images taken with lens OFF and ON demonstrate its high quality:

eVision is showing these lenses to Microsoft, Panasonic, Nokia and many other potential users of LC based lenses.

Facts, Services Provided, Facility Usage and User Data:

Training and Instruction New user training is typically carried out in more than one cleanroom session. Prospective users are referred to the website for written documentation

http://www.lcinet.kent.edu/members/individual/index.php?id=50&ref=1346935625

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(http://www.lci.kent.edu/ipp/07/members_only/lcdrfprocesslibrary.htm ) and allowed to borrow a DVD of process training videos for review before the training session.

During the fiscal year, there was a total of 88 hours spent on new user training in the clean room. Of those 88 hours, 56 hours were for internal users such as LCI students and Postdoc Research Associates. This training typically included basic clean room procedures and cleaning. More complex training was also included such as PI coating, cell assembly or XY programming to name a few. New user training from external users consisted of 32 hours from four different companies. This training included basic cleanroom training and cleaning as well as other advanced techniques such as spincoating, cell assembly or accuris laser cutter to name a few. CPIP Coursework In Spring semester 2012, Special topics course “Liquid Crystal Device Prototyping” was offered to 10 students. The LCDRF Cleanroom was used for ½ of the laboratory portion of the course, where students were guided through fabrication processes to assemble a 4x2 array of TN LCDs with the KSU/LCI logo patterned in ITO. Each student assembled one laminate, and after scribe/break, processed at least one device through LC fill/end seal/polarizer/wire attach. Additionally, the LCDRF provided material and process support for the other ½ of the laboratory (Called the “lab demo”), where students used simpler processes to build a TN cell without cleanroom or process equipment. Lecture notes were prepared from diverse sources as there is currently no text reference for this. Development of Training Materials During the past year, basic training materials have been developed for the facility. We developed a set of written Standard Operating Procedures and they should be finalized soon. A DVD of process training videos was also put together for review by new users. This is available for sign out from the cleanroom. The video should help new users become more familiar with the procedures of the cleanroom as well as how to use the facility. A formal textbook resource for Liquid Crystal Device Prototyping is currently being prepared (estimated completion date is summer 2013). It is based upon lecture notes assembled for the CPIP Special Topics course. This textbook should aide new users when using the cleanroom. Prototyping and Process Development Projects eVision liquid crystal tunable lens Project: As part of a multi-year development effort), a series of new lens prototypes were designed and built. This involves multilayer deposition and patterning of thin films to build the lens ring structure and electrodes, along with standard array cell fabrication. A novel approach using 2 separate ITO layers was built and tested using new processes for ITO developed at LCI. ChemImage Third Frontier: To support the ongoing ChemImage interaction, cleanroom staff assisted with characterization and modeling of optical parameters for ITO and polyimide films. This involved deposition and ellipsometric characterization of in-house and commercial films. This information was used to assist ChemImage with device optimization and vendor interactions. NASA Langley: As part of an ongoing interaction with Dr. Natalie Clark at NASA Langley, process development on thin glass, as well as material support and on-site process setup, was provided to assist NASA with setup of in-house capabilities to fabricate liquid crystal based phase corrector plates and similar devices for space-based telescope applications.

http://www.lci.kent.edu/ipp/07/members_only/lcdrfprocesslibrary.htm

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Lincoln Labs Thermal Imaging: In the first phase of a multiyear project, evaluation samples of various alignment layer types have been provided to MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory for testing of suitability of use in a novel liquid crystal based thermal imaging system they are developing. Summary of Notable Projects involving Facility Staff An approximate total of 3,167 facility hours were used on external and internal projects. Of the external projects, 2,504 facility hours were used with ChemImage using 1,210 hours and eVision using 700 hours. As far as internal projects done at the LCI, 663 hours were used with Dr. Deng-Ke Yang’s group using the most time of 201 hours of facility time followed by Dr. L.C. Chien’s group of 141 hours.

Financial Status For direct support of companies, income comes to the LCDPF from membership dues and through payments of invoices for services. The income from membership fees was $37,875, and from invoices was $77,384 for a total direct income of $115,259. The summary of invoices by company is below:

Company Amount AlphaMicron, Inc. $ 338 ChemImage $45,000 CoAdna Photonics, Inc. $ 3,075 Corning, Inc. $11,940 Crystal Diagnostics $ 413 Dynamic Eye, Inc. $ 9,588 Innova Dynamics $ 1,900 JDSU $ 3,140 Liquid Crystal Technologies $ 120 SBG Labs $ 500 SCHOTT North America, Inc.$2,150 Total $78,162

The expenses related to the facility in the past year was $49,580, and the Salary paid out was $30169. And we had travel expenses of $4,745. The outflow then totals: $84,494 The net income from the LCDPF was then $115,259 - $84,494 = $30,765

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LCI Scanning Electron Microscopy Lab Introduction

The LCI scanning electron microscopy (SEM) lab is part of the newly organized LCI Characterization Facility, featuring a Hitachi S-2600N microscope installed in 2003. Our mission is to provide high quality SEM-related service, collaboration, and teaching to support the research, education, and industry communities in the nearby region and beyond. The easy-to-use Hitachi S-2600N SEM is equipped with secondary electron detector, backscattered electron detector, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS), providing nanoscale resolution imaging and compositional analysis. The variable pressure (1-270 Pa) function makes it possible to study volatile and non-conductive samples in their native states, which is especially important for soft-matter materials.

Figure 1: A photo of the Hitachi S-2600N SEM

Summary of Activities

We have been working closely with our academic users and industry partners to provide the best service and collaboration possible. In addition to the standard services, we are also able to design detailed procedures of sample preparation and observation for challenging samples, and we also help users to analyze the results. Recently, we are also trying our best to get more involved in microscopy-related education. The current activities include training of SEM self-users, class teaching and lab demonstration in the team-taught graduate class of “Material Characterization”, and demonstrations for visiting groups.

Highlights 1) Service

During the past year, the lab served users for an estimated 400 hours of machine time and more than 500 samples were tested.

2) Users The current lab users include graduate students and postdocs from the LCI, the KSU Chemistry Department and Physics Department, and industry partners such as KDI.

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3) Training During the past year, about 20 users from Kent State University and KDI have taken the training on self-use of basic SEM techniques.


4) Research results

We have been able to help most of our users achieve high quality SEM results. Some of the results have been published in proceedings of SID and APS conferences. Below are some of research results from the previous year:

Figure 3: Hollow silica shells synthesized by Dr. Kim’s group. Proceeding of APS

March Meeting 2012.

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Figure 4: Low voltage SEM image showing the surface morphology of a polymer film from Dr. West’s group. Proceeding of SID Conference 2012.

Figure 5: Characteristic x-ray mapping of a Cu-grid on Al. (Min Gao)

Figure 6: A lithography sample from Dr. Wei’s group.

Figure 7: Cross-sectional SEM Image of a polymerization-induced-phase-separation (PIPS)

device from Dr. Yang’s group.

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Figure 8: Cross-sectional SEM Image of an optical diffuser (Dr. Yang’s group).

Goals for 2012-2013

For the coming year, we will continue to enhance user training and promote the self-use of the easy-to-use SEM. In continuing with the goals of the LCI Characterization Facility, our goal is to make the SEM more visible and available to the nearby researchers and industry partners. Finally, along with our goal to make the SEM more visible and available, we plan to create a website for the SEM lab. This will provide more awareness of the equipment and attract new users.

Financial Status

The salary and benefits to operate the SEM lab totaled $57,596 for the year, which was 100% supported by the LCI. The main costs of the SEM include reparation and lab consumables. This estimated cost to maintain the SEM this year came out to roughly $5,500. Two repairs were done to the instrument during the year to keep the instrument running. There was also about $500-$1,000 spent on supplies. All of these costs were 100% supported by the LCI. Looking ahead to the future, as the SEM is almost a 10 year old machine, it may need $5,000 per year in annual maintenance to ensure the machine is running and has limited downtime. At this time, no fees are charged to KSU academic users who wish to use the SEM.

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Organic Synthesis Facility Introduction

The services from the organic synthesis facility can be divided into three categories: Laboratory Safety Safety is extremely important to students, researchers, staff and faculty members within the Liquid Crystal Institute. Our main effort in this aspect is focused on the cooperation with the Office of Research Safety (ORS) to assist research units in identifying and managing potential safety hazards and to reduce the risk of harm to employees, property and the environment. These responsibilities include: attending semi-annual safety meeting, assisting in annual safety inspections, implementation of safety policies developed by ORS, maintaining accident and potential hazard reports, assisting in organizing safety training and the handling and disposal of chemical waste. Instrument Maintenance and Characterization Service The instruments handled by the organic synthesis facility include the 200M Hz Varian NMR spectrometer, the FT-IR and gas chromatography (GC). The NMR and FT-IR are regularly maintained and frequently used by several groups within the LCI. We also offer training and assistance in using these instruments and sample analysis upon request.

Figure 1: Varian Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer

Material Service The material service aims at providing researchers from the LCI, the Kent State campus and outside users with commercially not available liquid crystal materials or functional organic compounds for research purposes. We also offer small amounts of commercially available chemicals with no charge. For the chemicals that are not commercially available, researchers are required to submit a request with the detailed information of the target compound, including structure, amount, purity and literature. A fee will then be charged to cover the cost of synthesis. The time required for a synthesis project depends on both the synthetic procedures and the amount requested. For new compounds that have not been previously reported, we can provide a possible design and synthetic strategy.

Summary of Activities In the past year, we have been active in providing services in safety, instrument maintenance, characterization service and material service. Annual safety inspections were conducted and responses and corrections were prepared. Other efforts related to safety included investigation of safety hazards and preparation of safety signs, registration of laser sources, assistance in OSHA safety training, chemical waste collection and disposal and the assistance in emergence safety issues. For the characterization service, the NMR and FT-IR instrument were regularly maintained and we

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offered training for using these instruments and assistance in structure analysis. We also provided characterization services to several research groups from the LCI, the Kent State campus and to outside users by using our instruments such as UV-vis, fluorescence, CD spectrometers. For the material service, we have provided eight commercially available materials and ten material synthesis services of non-commercially available materials to researchers from the LCI, the Kent State campus and to outside users. Apart from the safety, instrumental characterization and material services, we also provided general services including experimental assistance to LCI researchers, general consultation regarding chemistry questions and lab space sharing with non-chemistry groups for critical chemical reactions. Commercially available materials provided by organic synthesis facility: E201+1%e15 100 g Cyclohexane 10 mL 1-Decanol 10 mL 4,4’-Hexylcyanobiphenyl (6CB) 1 g Dimethyl formamide 20 mL Acetone 1L Acetic acid 10 mL Sodium hydroxide 10 g The materials synthesized by organic synthesis facility are listed as below: 1) Bent-Core Liquid Crystal

NO

O

NN

C12H25

O

C8H17

O

FF

Amount synthesized: 100 mg

2) Chiral Dopant for Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

O

O

O

O

H

H

OOC6H13

OC6H13O

Amount synthesized: 10 g

3) Axially Chiral Dopant

OO

OO

OO

(S) Amount synthesized: 5 g

4-5) Bent-Core Liquid Crystals

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O O

OO

OO

OO

OC10H21O(CH2)6ONC

X

X = H or CN Amount synthesized: 150 mg, 50 mg

6) Photoresponsive Axially Chiral Azobenzene

NN

N

N O

OO

O

C7H15

C7H15


7) Bent-Core Liquid Crystal

NO

O

NN

C12H25

O

C8H17

O


8- 9) Porphyrin Discotic Liquid Crystals

RO

RO

RO

OO

N

NH N

HN

O

ORORRO

OR

OR

OR

ORRO OR

OO

OO

O

R = (CH2)10

F F

F F

F FFF

F

or C14F29

Amount synthesized: 50 mg for each

10) Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with pitch ca. ~1 m, prepared from Nematic LC Zli-1132 doped with Axially Chiral Dopant

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Highlights • Instrument maintenance and assistance in characterization using these instruments such as

NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis, fluorescence and CD spectrometers • New safety signs have been made and posted at the entrance of each lab. These signs play a

very practical role of preventing injuries to the employees, and they ensure that staff members are aware of the hazards and dangers awaiting them at the given working area. The information of lab owner, department head and emergency contact are very helpful in case of emergency.

Figure 2. Safety signs posted at the entrance of laboratory

• Eight commercially available material services were provided to LCI researchers. • Ten material synthesis services were provided to researchers from LCI, on-campus and off-

campus.

Figure 3. Chem 3D demonstration of a binaphthyl-derived axially chiral molecule that synthesized by organic synthesis facility

Facts Laboratory Safety:

• Assistance in annual safety inspection conducted by Office of Research Safety, point-by-point response and corrections for potential safety hazards has been made.

• Assistance in investigation of safety hazards in all labs and the preparation of safety signs which have been posted at each entrance of the labs.

• Investigation on the laser sources in LCI and the registrations for all lasers have been done with records submitted to the safety department.

• Assistance in organization of OSHA lab safety training for new LCI employees, including routine and make-up sessions for urgent requests.

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• Chemical waste handling and pick-up: assistance in chemical waste collection, disposal including the pretreatment of extremely critical chemicals.

• Assistance in emergency safety issues, such as water leaking, mercury spill-out. Instrument maintenance and characterization service

• Instrument maintenance: weekly liquid nitrogen filling, monthly liquid helium filling for NMR instrument; computer maintenance for IR instrument.

• Offer training for NMR using and assist in sample preparation, structure analysis. • Assistance in characterization using our group-owned instruments such as UV-vis,

fluorescence and CD spectrometers. Material Service We have provided eight commercially available materials for groups at the LCI and on-campus. All materials were provided at no charge. We have also provided ten synthesis services for research groups from the LCI, on-campus and off-campus. Eight requests have been filled and two projects are still in progress.

Goals for 2012-2013 For the coming year, we will continue to make our efforts in providing superior services to LCI community and beyond. The most important aspect is still the laboratory safety and the efforts may include safety meetings, safety inspections and the implementation of safety policies. Currently the NMR instrument is well maintained and we will continue to provide services in user training and sample characterization for students and researchers. In the past a few months, we did see an increase in the material requests. We will continue to provide the excellent material services that are believed to be helpful for researchers from the LCI and off-campus users.

Financial Status The salary and benefits used to operate the Synthesis Facility totaled $57,165 for the year, which was 100% supported by the LCI. The expenses for the facility are for the maintenance of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) which is currently covered by a grant. Currently, liquid nitrogen is ordered every 3-4 weeks and liquid helium is ordered every 7 weeks for the NMR. This estimated cost comes out to be around $1,865 per year. Customers are required to cover the cost of chemicals for the synthesis. At this time, no fees are charged to individuals who wish to have their chemicals synthesized.

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LCI Cryo-TEM Lab Introduction

As part of the newly organized LCI Characterization Facility, the LCI cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) lab was initially established by the Ohio Research Scholars Program, and has been operating since the beginning of 2011. Our mission is to provide world-class TEM-related service, collaboration, and teaching to support the research, education, and industry communities in the nearby region and beyond. The LCI TEM lab features a FEI Tecnai G2 F20 microscope, providing superb performance of a 0.24 nm point-to-point resolution and a 0.15 nm information limit in TEM mode and a 0.2 nm spot size in scanning TEM (STEM) mode. It enables not only atomic/nano-scale structural studies, but probing local chemistry and electronic structures (with the help of the most up-do-date EDAX energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer and Gatan imaging filter). The integrated low-dose exposure mode, anti-contaminator, and 4k×4k UltraScan CCD camera, and the accompanied FEI Vitrobot and Cryo holder make it ideal for the studies of soft matter materials, such as biomaterials, liquid crystals and polymers.

Figure 1: A photo of the microscope.

Summary of Activities We are trying our best to provide true value-added service and strong collaboration to our users. When it is needed, we are able to (1) help users to identify if the TEM is the best solution and provide suggestions on what characterization technique may work the best; (2) suggest detailed procedures of TEM sample preparation and observation, and develop new techniques can procedures; (3) provide training and technical support on TEM sample preparation and observation; (4) help users to analyze the TEM results; and (5) facilitate researcher to describe and demonstrate the TEM results professionally in papers or proposals. In addition to the above research function, we are also trying our best to strengthen our role in education. The current activities include training of self-users of the TEM, class teaching and lab demonstration in the group taught class of “Material Characterization”, demonstration for visiting groups, and cohosting TEM-related meetings with local academic/technical groups. Demonstration in undergraduate class teaching and more are under discussion.

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Highlights Service So far the lab has served users for more than 1,000 hours machine time on more than 600 samples with a continuously increasing usage. (~660 hours between 5/23/2011 and 6/30/2012). Users The current lab users include 15 research groups from Kent State University (Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, LCI), NEOMED, Ohio State University, and University of Akron, and 3 companies from Ohio and Massachusetts. Training Since June 2011, 19 users from Kent State University and AlphaMicron have taken the training on self-use of basic TEM techniques, while 7 users from Kent State University and Ohio State University have become self-users of cryo-TEM.


Website A website of the TEM lab can be found at: http://www.lcinet.kent.edu/organization/facility/characterization/tem/fac_TEM_main.html. Outreach activities Combined efforts (presentations, guided lab tours, meeting organizing, etc.) have been made to promote the LCI TEM lab in the nearby region so that more users can take advantage of this advanced facility. There have been a total of 5 talks that have been given by our staff to show the TEM facility. In addition, we co-hosted the MSNO (Microscopy Society of Northeastern Ohio) winter meeting in 02/2012.

http://www.lcinet.kent.edu/organization/facility/characterization/tem/fac_TEM_main.html

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Figure 3: Lab tour at the MSNO meeting in 02/2012.

Research results We have been able to help most of our users to get high quality TEM results. Some of the results have been published in Journals such as: Inorganic Chemistry, Langmuir, Journal of Materials Chemistry, Applied Physics Letters, and Physics Review Letters. For example, we have successfully developed specimen preparation and imaging procedures to carry out subnanometer resolution direct imaging of liquid crystal materials.

Figure 4: Basic TEM and STEM Z-contrast imaging of gold nanorods

Figure 5: Typical low-magnification (S)TEM results

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Figure 6: High resolution TEM and electron diffraction from individual gold nanorods

Figure 7: Energy-dispersive x-ray spectral imaging of silica coated gold nanorods

Figure 8: Cryo-TEM images of bio-materials

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Figure 9: Cryo-(S)TEM of liquid crystals

Facts We are continuously strengthening our user base and trying our best to provide the best services. From 05/23/2011 to 06/30/2012, we have total TEM use of around 660 hours and around 450 staff operation/assisting hours. Below are two graphs that show TEM usage and staff hours by month as well as the usage and staff hours by category. TEM Usage & Staff Hours

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TEM Usage & Staff Hours by Category

Total Hours by category

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Goals for 2012-2013

The goals for the coming year are to make full use of the newly purchased high pressure freezer and cryo-ultramicrotome and continue improving our specimen preparation ability. We also wish to make more contributions to the microscopy-related research and teaching at Kent State University. This would provide promotional opportunities for both Kent State University and the LCI. We also hope to work more closely with the local academic and industrial users, and professional microscopy groups in service, training and teaching.

Financial Status The salary and benefits that were used to operate the TEM totaled $69,698, which was 100% supported by LCI. An estimated $8,900 was spent on supplies for the TEM such as consumable supplies and supplies to keep the instrument operational. These expenses were covered by the Ohio Research Scholar Grant. At this time, there are no user fees charged to academic users of the TEM. The TEM consists of different parts from four different companies. The warranty on the FEI parts is valid until September 2013, while the other warranties for the other parts expired in September 2011. The FEI service contract, which will be necessary to ensure the TEM is functional and operational, will cost around $50,000 per year between September 2013 and September 2015. After 2015, this cost may increase to $75,000 per year. If extra service contracts are purchased for the other parts from the other three companies, this will cost an estimated $60,000 per year. Thus, the LCI could potentially be paying $110,000 per year on service contracts to maintain the TEM.

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APPENDICES

Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Brochure

Industrial Partnership Program Brochure

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Documents

LIQUID CRYSTAL INSTITUTE KENT STATE …...The success of the liquid crystal industry is a demonstration of the potentiality of the unique state of matter, known as the liquid crystal,