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May | June 2010
Feature title: LiptoCitro - Phytobiotics and Prebiotics: a new alternative for sustainable aquaculturePhytobiotics and Prebiotics
The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry
International Aquafeed is published five times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2009 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058
Environmentally friendly LiptoCitro is a prebi-otic, immunoestimulant and growth promoter with a
proved antibacterial activity. It can be used at any stage of the fish produc-tion cycle and no withdrawal period is needed because it does not contain any antibiotics. It is used at dosage rates of 2.5Kg/M/tonne and it can be incorporated in the feed mill during diet manufacture, or top-dressed on the feed using oil or molasses at the farm.
It is made of a combination of prebiotics, plant extracts and plant essences and does not develop off-flavours in either fish or crustaceans. LiptoCitro is capable of improv-ing nutrient digestibility, favouring beneficial intestinal flora, eliminating pathogenic bacteria, and promoting the immune system, resulting in higher resistance to stress and disease and improved growth, survival, FCR, production and cost-efficiency, even in the event of bacte-rial, viral and some parasitic disease outbreaks.
LiptoCitro trial dataTrials have been conducted in laborato-
ries, research centres and farms with a range of fish and shrimp species and pathogens.
Trials conducted in the Veterinary Sanitary Vigilance Centre (VISAVET) of the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain showed that LiptoCitro possessed strong in vitro antibacterial activity against a range of pathogenic bacterial species commonly encountered in aquaculture production systems (Table 1).
Trials carried from May to November in a commer-cial farm in Spain showed the efficacy of Liptocitro to con-trol Haemorrhagic Enteritis outbreaks in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total amount of 1,700 MT of commer-cial feed with LiptoCitro added
at 2.5Kg/MT was used. All the fish had the same handling and usual European vaccine prophylaxis. In the control lots, which were not fed Liptocitro, several Enteritis outbreaks occurred over the six month trial peri-od and the fish had to be treated with antibiotics. However,
the lots of infected fish that were fed with LiptoCitro improved significantly,
Table 1: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of LiptoCitro against bacterial strains tested in VISAVET laboratory, Spain
Microorganism MIC
Aeromonas hydrophila 3 mg/ml
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida 1 mg/ml
Listonella anguillarum 6 mg/ml
Listonella anguillarum CECT 522 3 mg/ml
Leucothrix mucor DSM 2157T 1 mg/ml
Vibrio penaeicida DSM 14398T 3 mg/ml
Vibrio harveyi CECT 525T 1 mg/ml
Vibrio parahaemolyticus 6 mg/ml
Vibrio ordali 6 mg/ml
Vibrio vulnificus 1 mg/ml
Vibrio vulnificus CECT 529 0.1 mg/ml
Vibrio alginolyticus 6 mg/ml
Flavobacterium psycrophilum DSMZ 3660T 3 mg/ml
Edwarsiella ictaluri CECT 885T 13 mg/ml
Brevundimonas diminuta CECT 317T 1 mg/ml
Pseudomonas anguilliseptica 0.1 mg/ml
Pseudomonas fluorescens 3 mg/ml
Yersinia ruckeri 3 mg/ml
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida 3 mg/ml
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae 6 mg/ml
Lactococcus garvieae 6 mg/ml
Streptococcus iniae CCUG 27303T 13 mg/ml
Streptococcus difficilis DSZM 16828 13 mg/ml
Streptococcus parauberis 6 mg/ml
Mycobacterium chelonae CCUG 47445T 13 mg/ml
Mycobacterium marinum 0.1 mg/ml
by Santiago de la Cuesta, Ignacio López, Antonio Martínez and Laura Muñoz, SpainEmail: [email protected], Website: www.liptosa.com
7,97%
Phytobiotics and PrebioticsA new alternative for sustainable aquaculture
24 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | May-June 2010 May-June 2010 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 25
F: LiptoCitro
IAF10-03.indd 24 30/04/2010 16:20
recovered and did not need any antibiotic treatment at any stage of the trials.
Trials conducted throughout a production cycle on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), under commercial conditions and using con-trol lots, showed 14 percent improvement in FCR in the fish that were fed with 2.5 Kg/MT of LiptoCitro. This digestibility improvement was evaluated in further trials using the same inclusion rates of Liptocitro in the feed. The results showed that the cost of the ration could be reduced without altering FCR. This was achieved by decreasing the amount of expensive animal origin protein in the diet and increasing the inclusion of cheaper vegetable protein instead.
Six month trials were conducted in four replicate tanks in the laboratories of the Agricultural Development and Food Research Institute IMIDA, in Murcia, Spain. These trials were carried on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) under ideal conditions and without a disease challenge. The fish fed three g/kg of Liptocitro showed three percent improvement in growth and survival rates and eight percent improvement in FCR over the fish in the control tanks (statisti-cally significant at 95 percent confidence level) (Table 2). Improvements in the haemocrit and haemoglobin levels of fish blood following a stress test were also observed.
These trials have shown how a better intestinal integrity, even under ideal conditions of low density and very low mortality, results in better nutrient assimilation thus improving the feed conversion rate. Therefore, in the field, a better nutrient assimilation as a result of a good intestinal integrity will have even more advanta-geous effects than those observed under ideal conditions with regards the improve-
ment of the growth and survival rates.
LiptoCitro anti-bacterial efficiency, survival and FCR improvement and growth and immune system promoter effect have also been tested in vari-ous shrimp species and under different farming and envi-ronmental condi-tions. These results can be provided upon request.
Trials carried out with LiptoCitro have shown that the use of prebiotics and phytobiotics in fish and shrimp feed leads into better production param-eters and enables sustainable aquacul-ture production on a long term basis by reducing the use of antibiotics and decreasing fish meal content in diets.
R e f e r e n c e s are available upon request.
Table 2: Effect of prebiotic LiptoCitro on Daily Intake Rate (DIR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Survival Rate in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Data from six month laboratory trial using four replicates (eight tanks total) with 100 fish per tank. *Dosages of 3g/Kg. Values shown are the mean ± standard error
Feed Without
LiptoCitro (Control)
Feed With LiptoCitro*
% Effect (LiptoCitro
vs. Control)
Significance
DIR 1.28 ± 0.04 1.19 ± 0.04 7.03% p<0.05
FCR 1.38 ± 0.05 1.27 ± 0.04 7.97% p<0.05
Survival Rate 94.75 ± 6.13 98.00 ± 1.41 3.25% n.s.
More infoirMation:Antonio Martinez Lipidos Toledo SA, SpainTel: +34 902157711Fax: +34 913567300Email: [email protected]: www.liptosa.com
24 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | May-June 2010 May-June 2010 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 25
F: LiptoCitro
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VOLUME 13 I S SUE 3 2 010
Alternative Lipid Sources
in Aquafeeds
Phytobiotics and Prebiotics:
- a new alternative for sustainable aquaculture
Innovative approaches to reduce feed cost in
aquaculture: - Optimizing nutrient utilization and gut health
IAF10-03.indd 1 30/04/2010 16:17
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