Supplementary data

Table S1. The definitions of comorbidities, shoulder diseases, and traumatic injuries of shoulder

Variable ICD-9-CM Codes DescriptionComorbidities

Thyroid disorders 240241242243244245246

Simple and unspecified goiterNontoxic nodular goiterThyrotoxicosis with or without goiterCongenital hypothyroidismAcquired hypothyroidismThyroiditisOther disorders of thyroid

Diabetes 250.0 - 250.9 Diabetes mellitusHyperlipidemia 272.0 - 272.9 Disorders of lipoid metabolismHypertension 401

402403404405

Essential hypertensionHypertensive heart diseaseHypertensive chronic kidney diseaseHypertensive heart and chronic kidney diseaseSecondary hypertension

Rheumatoid arthritis 714.0 Rheumatoid arthritisShoulder diseases

Rotator cuff syndrome 726.10726.19727.61

Disorders of bursae and tendons in shoulder region, unspecifiedOther specified disorders of bursae and tendons in shoulder regionComplete rupture of rotator cuff

Biceps tendinitis 726.12727.62

Bicipital tenosynovitisNontraumatic rupture of tendons of biceps (long head)

Calcific tendinitis 726.11 Calcifying tendinitis of shoulderAcromioclavicular osteoarthritis

715.11715.21715.31715.91

Osteoarthrosis, localized, primary, shoulder regionOsteoarthrosis, localized, secondary, shoulder regionOsteoarthrosis, localized, not specified whether primary or secondary, shoulder regionOsteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, shoulder region

1

716.01716.11716.21716.31716.41716.51716.61716.81716.91

Kaschin-Bech disease, shoulder regionTraumatic arthropathy, shoulder regionAllergic arthritis, shoulder regionClimacteric arthritis, shoulder regionTransient arthropathy, shoulder regionUnspecified polyarthropathy or polyarthritis, shoulder regionUnspecified monoarthritis, shoulder regionOther specified arthropathy, shoulder regionArthropathy, unspecified, shoulder region

Impingement syndrome 726.2 Other affections of shoulder region, not elsewhere classifiedTraumatic injuries of the shoulder

Dislocation 831 Dislocation of shoulderFracture 810

811812

Fracture of clavicleFracture of scapulaFracture of humerus

Trauma 840.4840.8840.9880

Rotator cuff sprainSprains and strains of other specified sites of shoulder and upper armSprains and strains of unspecified site of shoulder and upper armOpen wound of shoulder and upper arm

ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.

2

Table S2. Annual gender-specific incidence and age-gender standardized incidence of

adhesive capsulitis in Taiwan by gender

YearIncidence cases

Gender-specific incidence (per 10,000 person-years)

Age-gender standardized incidence * (per 10,000 person-

years ) Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total

2000 1,148 727 1,875 24.5 14.9 19.6 25.7 15.7 20.62001 1,015 664 1,679 21.9 13.8 17.8 22.1 14.1 18.02002 1,233 731 1,964 27.0 15.4 21.1 26.0 15.1 20.52003 1,125 701 1,826 24.9 15.0 19.9 23.4 14.2 18.82004 1,287 753 2,040 28.7 16.3 22.4 25.8 14.9 20.32005 1,165 741 1,906 26.2 16.1 21.1 22.8 14.4 18.62006 1,023 718 1,741 23.2 15.8 19.4 19.4 13.8 16.62007 1,081 648 1,729 24.6 14.4 19.5 20.1 11.9 16.02008 1,125 690 1,815 25.8 15.5 20.6 20.5 12.7 16.62009 1,074 745 1,819 24.9 16.9 20.8 18.7 13.3 16.02010 1,014 697 1,711 23.7 15.9 19.8 17.3 12.2 14.72011 1,080 686 1,766 25.4 15.9 20.6 18.1 11.9 15.02012 1,031 661 1,692 24.5 15.4 19.9 16.9 11.5 14.22013 856 577 1,433 20.5 13.6 17.0 13.9 9.7 11.8

* Adjusted using the World Health Organization (WHO)'s 2000–2025 world standard

population age structure.

3

Table S3. Annual age-specific incidence and age-gender standardized incidence of adhesive capsulitis in Taiwan by age group

YearAge-specific incidence (per 10,000 person-years ) Age-gender standardized incidence * (per 10,000 person-years )

<40 40‒49 50‒59 60‒69 ≥70 Total <40 40‒49 50‒59 60‒69 ≥70 Total2000 1.9 31.7 64.4 75.8 73.3 19.6 1.3 4.0 6.4 5.1 3.9 20.62001 1.6 26.2 56.8 65.5 69.1 17.8 1.1 3.3 5.6 4.4 3.6 18.02002 2.2 32.0 63.7 75.8 68.8 21.1 1.4 4.1 6.3 5.1 3.6 20.52003 2.4 27.8 62.2 67.7 56.4 19.9 1.6 3.5 6.2 4.5 3.0 18.82004 2.1 31.9 64.4 78.5 62.6 22.4 1.4 4.0 6.4 5.2 3.3 20.32005 2.3 27.6 60.3 67.6 58.8 21.1 1.5 3.5 6.0 4.5 3.1 18.62006 1.8 24.0 50.8 65.7 55.5 19.4 1.2 3.0 5.0 4.4 2.9 16.62007 1.8 23.5 51.8 59.1 52.8 19.5 1.2 3.0 5.1 3.9 2.8 16.02008 2.3 25.3 51.1 62.5 50.2 20.6 1.5 3.2 5.1 4.2 2.6 16.62009 1.6 22.4 54.9 58.0 53.7 20.8 1.0 2.8 5.4 3.9 2.8 16.02010 1.6 21.9 49.4 51.8 48.6 19.8 1.0 2.8 4.9 3.5 2.6 14.72011 1.9 25.2 48.1 56.0 39.9 20.6 1.2 3.2 4.8 3.7 2.1 15.02012 2.3 20.8 44.5 52.0 41.8 19.9 1.5 2.6 4.4 3.5 2.2 14.22013 1.8 19.8 37.1 42.5 30.1 17.0 1.2 2.5 3.7 2.8 1.6 11.8

* Adjusted using the World Health Organization (WHO)'s 2000–2025 world standard population age structure.

4

Table S4. Annual gender-specific prevalence and age-gender standardized prevalence of

adhesive capsulitis in Taiwan by gender

Year

Gender-specific prevalence (per 10,000 persons)

Age-gender standardized prevalence * (per 10,000

persons ) Female Male Total Female Male Total

2000 24.5 14.9 19.6 25.5 15.6 20.52001 46.5 28.8 37.5 46.5 29.1 37.72002 73.4 44.3 58.6 70.0 43.0 56.42003 141.9 59.2 99.9 90.0 55.4 72.72004 126.1 74.9 100.2 111.5 67.7 89.72005 151.2 90.3 120.4 128.5 78.9 103.92006 173.6 105.1 139.0 142.0 89.1 115.82007 197.3 118.5 157.5 155.1 97.3 126.62008 221.7 132.5 176.7 168.2 105.8 137.52009 245.2 147.4 196.0 178.5 114.0 146.92010 266.8 161.5 213.9 186.6 120.8 154.52011 289.4 175.3 232.2 195.0 126.8 161.72012 311.8 188.0 249.8 201.8 131.5 167.62013 329.3 199.4 264.3 204.9 134.7 170.9

* Adjusted using the World Health Organization (WHO)'s 2000–2025 world standard

population age structure.

5

Table S5. Annual age-specific prevalence and age-gender standardized prevalence of adhesive capsulitis in Taiwan by age group

YearAge-specific prevalence (per 10,000 persons ) Age-gender standardized prevalence * (per 10,000 persons )

<40 40‒49 50‒59 60‒69 ≥ 70 Total <40 40‒49 50‒59 60‒69 ≥ 70 Total2000 1.9 31.6 64.0 75.2 72.7 19.6 1.3 4.0 6.4 5.0 3.8 20.52001 3.3 54.4 118.2 138.9 144.9 37.5 2.2 6.9 11.7 9.3 7.6 37.72002 5.1 79.0 177.6 209.5 217.8 58.6 3.3 10.0 17.6 14.0 11.5 56.42003 6.7 96.0 233.5 276.1 275.8 99.9 4.4 12.2 23.2 18.4 14.5 72.72004 8.2 114.5 282.5 356.3 340.8 100.2 5.4 14.5 28.0 23.8 18.0 89.72005 9.3 127.9 328.1 411.4 409.2 120.4 6.1 16.2 32.5 27.5 21.6 103.92006 10.0 134.7 361.3 471.0 472.5 139.0 6.5 17.1 35.8 31.5 24.9 115.82007 10.6 139.1 391.2 522.4 537.0 157.5 6.9 17.6 38.8 34.9 28.3 126.62008 11.8 141.4 422.2 579.8 592.9 176.7 7.7 17.9 41.9 38.7 31.2 137.52009 11.9 142.8 454.1 625.2 648.8 196.0 7.8 18.1 45.0 41.8 34.2 146.92010 12.4 143.4 469.6 668.2 700.7 213.9 8.1 18.2 46.6 44.6 36.9 154.52011 13.2 145.5 483.0 713.1 741.4 232.2 8.7 18.5 47.9 47.6 39.1 161.72012 14.7 144.4 487.3 746.6 787.9 249.8 9.6 18.3 48.3 49.9 41.5 167.62013 15.2 141.2 486.4 771.2 821.8 264.3 9.9 17.9 48.2 51.5 43.3 170.9

* Adjusted using the World Health Organization (WHO)'s 2000–2025 world standard population age structure.

6

AOR = adjusted odds ratio.

Figure S1. The risk of subsequent adhesive capsulitis associated with a previous history of

shoulder diseases

7