LIPIDSLIPIDSLearning Targets: #6 - #9Learning Targets: #6 - #9

All the facts…All the facts…

LipidsLipids ELEMENTS:ELEMENTS: C, H(many), O C, H(many), O

(few)(few) H:O ratio much greater than H:O ratio much greater than

the carbohydratesthe carbohydrates

FUNTIONAL GROUPS:FUNTIONAL GROUPS: -OH, -COOH-OH, -COOH

MONOMERMONOMER: : Glycerol and Fatty AcidsGlycerol and Fatty Acids

SPECIAL BONDSPECIAL BOND: ester bond : ester bond (between the carboxyl and (between the carboxyl and

hydroxyl)hydroxyl)

Types of fatty acidsTypes of fatty acids Saturated: Saturated:

comes from animals comes from animals contain no double bondscontain no double bondsmore energymore energysolid (butter)solid (butter)

Unsaturated: Unsaturated: comes from plants comes from plants contains double bondscontains double bondsless energyless energyliquid (oils)liquid (oils)

HydrogenationHydrogenation

The adding of Hydrogens to a fatty acid molecule to make it more solid

Why?

To make food more solid for a longer shelf life and for more flavoring

Fatty acids: carboxylic acid Fatty acids: carboxylic acid + long hydrocarbon chain+ long hydrocarbon chain

CO

OHCH3

Carboxylic acid

Hydrocarbon chain

A saturated fatty acid

An unsaturated fatty acid

C

O

OH

CH3

© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS

Fats and OilsFats and Oils

fatty acids + glycerol (1, 2 or 3 = mono , fatty acids + glycerol (1, 2 or 3 = mono , di or triglycerides)di or triglycerides)

C

O

OH

CH

3

C

O

OHCH

3

HO – CH2

HO - CH2

HO - CH Condensation reactions

© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS

Two fatty acids joining glycerol Two fatty acids joining glycerol

= A diglyceride= A diglyceride

C

O

CH3

C

O

CH3

O - CH3

HO - CH3

O - CH

+ 2H20

© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS

Lipid Polymers Lipid Polymers EXAMPLESEXAMPLES

Triglyceride: 3 F.A. Triglyceride: 3 F.A. and 1 glyceroland 1 glycerol

Phospholipids: 2 F.A. Phospholipids: 2 F.A. and 1 glyceroland 1 glycerol

Wax: long F.A. chain Wax: long F.A. chain and long alcohol chainand long alcohol chain

Steroids: testosterone, Steroids: testosterone, cholesterol, cholesterol, progesterone, estrogenprogesterone, estrogen

Lipid FunctionsLipid Functions

Energy storage (long term)Energy storage (long term) Protect and cushion organsProtect and cushion organs Insulation Insulation Storage of vitamins (A, D, E, Storage of vitamins (A, D, E,

K)K) Structural/building material Structural/building material

for bodyfor body

PhospholipidsPhospholipids

Chief component Chief component of cell membraneof cell membrane

Involved in fat Involved in fat storage and storage and transporttransport

CholesterolCholesterol Causes Causes

atherosclerosisatherosclerosis Hardening of the Hardening of the

arteriesarteries

Used to Used to synthesize synthesize hormones, hormones, clotting of bloodclotting of blood

Cholesterol animationCholesterol animation

Lipid TestsLipid Tests

Solubility test: fats do not dissolve Solubility test: fats do not dissolve in waterin water

Brown paper bag test: fats leave a Brown paper bag test: fats leave a translucent spottranslucent spot

Sudan IV test: turns red with the Sudan IV test: turns red with the presence of fatpresence of fat

Show Standard Deviant Show Standard Deviant Movie 1Movie 1stst part part