LIPIDSLIPIDS

A Diverse group of Hydrophobic A Diverse group of Hydrophobic MoleculesMolecules

Fats and OilsFats and Oils

LipidsLipids Are the one class of large biological Are the one class of large biological

molecules –MACROMOLECULES, that do molecules –MACROMOLECULES, that do not consist of polymers not consist of polymers (no they are not (no they are not polymers)polymers)

All types of Lipids share the common trait All types of Lipids share the common trait of being of being hydrophobichydrophobic

HYDROPHOBIC?HYDROPHOBIC?

WATER FEARINGWATER FEARING Yes! Lipids are afraid of waterYes! Lipids are afraid of water They are a nonpolar molecule that They are a nonpolar molecule that

does not dissolve in waterdoes not dissolve in water They consist mostly of HydrocarbonsThey consist mostly of Hydrocarbons

Fatty AcidFatty Acid

TYPES OF LIPIDSTYPES OF LIPIDS

Triglycerides (FATS)Triglycerides (FATS) PhospholipidsPhospholipids SteroidsSteroids WaxesWaxes

TRIGLYCERIDETRIGLYCERIDE

These are known as FATS and OILSThese are known as FATS and OILS Lipids have a higher ratio of Carbon Lipids have a higher ratio of Carbon

and Hydrogen atoms to Oxygen and Hydrogen atoms to Oxygen atoms than carbohydrates doatoms than carbohydrates do

Because Lipids have more carbon-Because Lipids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds per gram, they hydrogen bonds per gram, they store more energy per gram.store more energy per gram.

STRUCTURE OF STRUCTURE OF TRIGLYCERIDESTRIGLYCERIDES

The building blocks ofThe building blocks of

triglycerides aretriglycerides are

Glycerol and FattyGlycerol and Fatty

AcidsAcids GlycerolGlycerol is a is a

three- carbon alcoholthree- carbon alcohol

with a hydroxylwith a hydroxyl

attached to eachattached to each

CarbonCarbon

Fatty AcidFatty Acid

A fatty acid consists of a carboxyl group A fatty acid consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton, often attached to a long carbon skeleton, often 16 to 18 carbons long16 to 18 carbons long

FATTY ACIDFATTY ACID

STRUCTURE OF STRUCTURE OF TRIGLYCERIDESTRIGLYCERIDES

Are constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single Are constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single glycerol and three fatty acidsglycerol and three fatty acids

Saturated Fatty AcidSaturated Fatty Acid

Saturated fatty acidsSaturated fatty acids contain all of the contain all of the Hydrogens they can hold. There are no carbon Hydrogens they can hold. There are no carbon to carbon double bonds in saturated fatty to carbon double bonds in saturated fatty acids. All bonds are single bondsacids. All bonds are single bonds

They originate from animal sources and are They originate from animal sources and are solids at room temperature solids at room temperature

Saturated fats are believed to cause blockage Saturated fats are believed to cause blockage of arteries which can lead to strokes and heart of arteries which can lead to strokes and heart attacks. attacks.

Unsaturated Fatty AcidsUnsaturated Fatty Acids

These do not bind the maximum These do not bind the maximum amount of Hydrogen. Carbon atoms amount of Hydrogen. Carbon atoms in the chain form one or more in the chain form one or more Double bonds.Double bonds.

Unsaturated fats originate from Unsaturated fats originate from plants and are liquid at room plants and are liquid at room temperaturetemperature

TYPES OF UNSATURATED TYPES OF UNSATURATED FATSFATS

Monounsaturated – Fatty Acids with Monounsaturated – Fatty Acids with one double bondone double bond

Polyunsaturated – Fatty Acids with Polyunsaturated – Fatty Acids with two or more double bondstwo or more double bonds

In a triglyceride if one or more fatty In a triglyceride if one or more fatty acids are unsaturated the fat is acids are unsaturated the fat is considered an unsaturated fatconsidered an unsaturated fat

FUNCTION OF FATSFUNCTION OF FATS

ENERGY STORAGEENERGY STORAGE A gram of fat stores twice as much A gram of fat stores twice as much

energy as a polysacchrideenergy as a polysacchride Fat cushions organsFat cushions organs Fat acts as insulationFat acts as insulation

PhospholipidsPhospholipids

STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

2 Fatty Acids2 Fatty Acids

GlycerolGlycerol

Phosphate group Phosphate group

(takes the third (takes the third position)position)

Function-Major Function-Major component of cell component of cell membranemembrane

STEROIDSSTEROIDS

STRUCTURE – Composed of four fused STRUCTURE – Composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional carbon rings with various functional groups attached to themgroups attached to them

CholesterolCholesterol

FunctionFunction Component of cell membraneComponent of cell membrane Used by nerve cellsUsed by nerve cells Precurser from which all other Precurser from which all other

steroids are formed.steroids are formed.

Functions cont:Functions cont:

boosting mental performance boosting mental performance aiding digestion aiding digestion building strong bones building strong bones building muscle building muscle maintaining your energy, vitality, libido, and maintaining your energy, vitality, libido, and

fertility fertility regulating your blood sugar regulating your blood sugar repairing damaged tissue repairing damaged tissue protecting against infectious diseasesprotecting against infectious diseases

Other SteroidsOther Steroids

TestosteroneTestosterone EstrogenEstrogen ProgesteroneProgesterone