Lipids

11/04/10

– Many contain carbon chains called fatty acids (monomer).– Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol.– Do not dissolve in water.

• Lipids are nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol.

Carbohydrate vs. Lipid Structure

Carbohydrates have a larger number of O atoms than lipids

Lipids have a higher number of C and H atoms

Fatty Acid – Draw this picture!

Monomer of a lipid

2. Carboxyl group – polar (loves water) – outside of cell

1. Hydrocarbon chain – nonpolar (water fearing) – inside of cell

• Lipids have several different functions.

1. broken down as a source of energy 2. make up cell membranes3. used to make hormones

Triglyceride

Triglyceride

Made up of 3 fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol1. Unsaturated fats

- liquids at room temperature- Found primarily in plants (vegetable oils)

2. Saturated fats- solids at room temperature- Mainly from animal sources such as meat

and dairy products

Saturated fatty acids – main dietary cause of high blood cholesterol

Unsaturated fatty acids – may lower cholesterol

• Phospholipids make up all cell membranes.

1. Polar phosphate “head”2. Nonpolar fatty acid “tails”

Phospholipid

Copy down phospholipid structure!

Waxes

• Structural lipid that consists of one long fatty chain joined to an alcohol chain.– In plants and animals, waxes form a protective

coating (waterproof) on the outer surfaces.

Steroids

• Four fused carbon rings with functional groups attached to them.– Examples - cholesterol is used by the body for

various cell function including nerve conduction.

Testosterone Progesterone